Daily Warm up 9/13/101. When a person gets dehydrated what is going on

inside them (besides that they do not get enough water)? (Hint thing about inorganic compounds).

2. During a reaction, energy is released this is what type of reaction?

3. Define the following words: Eukaryote, Prokaryote, Organelles, Cell membrane.

4. What is one difference between a plant and animal cell

True or false:

1. A human being loses an average of 10 to 50 strands of hair a day

2. Fingers and toes wrinkle in the bathtub due to the outermost layer of the skin swelling when it absorbs water.

1.DRAW and LABEL what you think an animal cell looks like. (Include as many components

as you can, hint: nucleus)

2. DRAW and LABEL what you think a plant cell looks like.

In your lab group: Brainstorm all the parts of a cell.

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BUILDING A CLASS CELL

• Wait for my instructions of when your group will be joining our cell. Once I tell you it is your groups turn- follow the directions on the card and explain your organelle and functions.

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Basic Structure of a Cell

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Introduction to CellsIntroduction to CellsCells are the basic units of organismsCells can only be observed under

microscopeBasic types of cells:

Animal Cell Plant CellBacterial

Cell

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Number of CellsOrganisms may be:• Unicellular – composed of one cell• Multicellular- composed of many cells that may organize

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Prokaryotes include bacteria & lack a nucleus or membrane-bound structures called organelles

Eukaryotes include most other cells & have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (plants, fungi, & animals)

Cells May be Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic

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ProkaryotesNucleoid region contains the DNA

•Cell membrane & cell wall

• Contain ribosomes (no membrane) to make proteins in their cytoplasm

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Eukaryotic Cell

Contain 3 basic cell structures:

•Nucleus•Cell Membrane•Cytoplasm with

organelles

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Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells

Plant Cell

Animal Cell

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OrganelleOrganelless

Very small size

Can only be observed under a microscope

Have specific functions

Found throughout cytoplasm

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Lies immediately against the cell wall in plant cells

Made of protein and phospholipids

Selectively permeable

Living layerControls the movement of materials into and out of the cell

Cell membrane

Organelles Found in Cells

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Nonliving layerGives structure and shape to plant and bacterial cells

Cell wall

Cell WallCell Wall

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Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane

Provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm of a Cytoplasm of a Cell Cell

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Contains organelles to carry out specific jobs

Examples: chloroplast & mitochondrion

Cytoplasm

More on More on CytoplasmCytoplasm

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Controls the normal activities of the cell

Contain the DNABound by a nuclear membrane

Contains chromosomes

Control Organelle

Nucleus

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Each cell has fixed number of chromosomes that carry genes

Genes control cell characteristics

Nucleus

More on the More on the NucleusNucleus

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Compound MicroscopeCompound Microscope

• Instrument for observing small objects

•Magnify images up to 2000X their size

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Different parts of Different parts of a microscopea microscope

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Eyepiece

Fine adjustmentArm

Stage

Condenser control knob

Base

Body tubeCoarse adjustment

Iris diaphragm

Revolving nosepiece

Objective

ClipCondenser

Mirror

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STOP: CELLS UNDER THE MICROSCOPE

ACTIVITY.

LAB 4 Guidelines and questions.

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Golgi Bodies• Stacks of Stacks of flattened flattened

sacs (pancakes)sacs (pancakes)• Have a shipping side Have a shipping side

& a receiving side& a receiving side• Receive & Receive & modify modify

proteinsproteins made by ER made by ER• Transport vesiclesTransport vesicles

with modified with modified proteins pinch off proteins pinch off the endsthe ends

Transport

vesicle

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Lysosome• Contain digestive Contain digestive

enzymesenzymes• Break down food and Break down food and

worn out cell parts for worn out cell parts for cells cells

• Programmed for cell Programmed for cell death (lyse & release death (lyse & release enzymes to break enzymes to break down & recycle cell down & recycle cell parts)parts)

• Are found in blood Are found in blood cells- can destroy cells- can destroy bacteria. bacteria.

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Nucleolus• Cell may have Cell may have 1 1

to 3to 3 nucleoli nucleoli• Inside nucleusInside nucleus• DisappearsDisappears when when

cell dividescell divides• Makes ribosomesMakes ribosomes

that make that make proteinsproteins

Ribosomes

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Scattered throughout cytoplasm and on the

rough ER.

Comprised of protein and RNA molecules

Provide structural support for RNA and aid in making

proteins

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Smooth & Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumSmooth ER lacks

ribosomes & makes proteins USED In the cell. Also makes lipids.

Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface & makes proteins to EXPORT

Located close to nucleus.

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Rod shapeSite of Cellular respiration

Cell PowerhouseCell Powerhouse

mitochondria

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Active cells like muscles have more mitochondriaBurn sugars to produce energy ATP

In Animal Cells:In Animal Cells:

Mitochondria

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Contain the green pigment chlorophyll

Traps sunlight to make sugars (food)

Process called photosynthesis

Plant Cell OrganellesPlant Cell Organelles

Chloropla

st

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Dead layerLarge empty spaces present between cellulose fibers

Freely permeable

Cell wall

Plant CellPlant Cell

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Protect and support the enclosed substances (protoplasm)

Resist entry of excess water into the cell

Give shape to the cell

Cell wall

Plant CellPlant Cell

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Have a large central vacuole

Contains cell sapSugars, proteins,

minerals, wastes, water, and pigments

Animal cells have one it is just not as large

Plant Cell OrganellesPlant Cell Organelles

Vacuole

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mitochondrion

nucleus

glycogen granule

cell membrane

cytoplasm Animal cellAnimal cell

No cell wall or chloroplast

vacuole

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Animal Cell OrganellesAnimal Cell Organelles

•Near the nucleus•Paired structures•Help cell divide

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Different kinds of Different kinds of animal cellsanimal cells

white blood cell

red blood cell

cheek cells

sperm

nerve cell

muscle cell

Amoeba

Paramecium

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Similarities between Similarities between plant cells and animal plant cells and animal

cellscellsBoth have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm

Both have a nucleus

Both contain mitochondria

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Differences between Differences between plant cells and animal plant cells and animal

cellscellsAnimal cells Plant cells

Relatively smaller in

sizeIrregular shape

No cell wall

Relatively larger in size

Regular shapeCell wall present

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Animal cells Plant cells

Vacuole small or absent

Glycogen as food storage

Nucleus at the center

Large central vacuole

Starch as food storage

Nucleus near cell wall

Differences between Plant Differences between Plant Cells and Animal CellsCells and Animal Cells

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The cell is the Basic The cell is the Basic Unit of LifeUnit of Life

• Cell is the smallest unit of living organisms

• Unicellular organisms are made of one cell only

• The cells of multicellular organisms are specialized to perform different functions

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Levels of organizationLevels of organization

• Cells are grouped together and work as a whole to perform special functions

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Levels of OrganizationLevels of OrganizationAtomsMoleculesCELLS (muscle cells,nerve cells)TISSUES (muscle, epithelium)ORGANS (heart, lungs, stomach)

SYSTEMS (circulatory system)ORGANISM (human)

STOP: Smartboard Cell structure Review

Activity

• Study for a quiz next class on the structure and components of a cell!

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