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Dairy Regulations inIndia

Dr. M. Ashraf Pal

Professor/Chief Scientist

Division of Livestock Products TechnologyFaculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry

Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agriculture Sciences & TechnologyKashmir

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Dairy LegislationPart of food legislation with special

emphasis on the protection of dairydenominations

Objectives:

Protection of public health

Ensuring fair trade

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Historical

Food laws existed some 32 centuries ago

Free translation of the text on the clay tablets inArchaeological museum Istanbul:

You shall not spoil the fat in yourneighbours

bread neither shall you bewitch it

Barbarous punishments

In Germany (1465) two men burnt alive for

adulteration of spices and their assistants buriedalive

In Netherlands the adulterator of butter had tostand in front of a big fire with adulterated butteron his head until it melted

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In India adulteration of milk & milk productspracticed from earlier times

Legislation was in force to curb adulteration and

imitation of ghee as narrated in famous treatiseon state administration by Kautilya inArthashastra. A fine of 12 silver coins wasimposed for the offence

Similar type of statute was current during thesubsequent regimen of sultan Alauddin Khilji andEmperor Akbar

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Mandatory Regulations In India the Basic food regulation was the

PFA, 1954 and its subsequent amendments Rules were framed in 1954 and PFA act came into

force in 1955

It extended to whole of India Standards were formulated and revised whenever

required by an expert committee called CCFS

Prescribed the min. & Max. requirements for alltype of foods

Foods not conforming were said to be adulterated Provisions of the act were mandatory and

contravention of rules could lead to fine andimprisonment

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The adulteration defined in a wideperspective in terms of purity, nutrition,wholesomeness, safety against

contaminants, toxicants, microbialtoxins, preservatives, colourants,insecticides and pesticides, misbranding

or mislabeling and anything injurious tohealth

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Establishment of CFL

(Mysore, Pune, Ghaziabad, Kolkatta) for:

1. Analysis of food samples

2. Investigations for fixation of standards

3. Standardizing methods of analysis Certification after analysis

Public analysists

Food inspectors

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Milk & Milk Products Order (1992) A regulatory order of GOI , regulated by MOA thru

DAH&D

Exercised under essential commodities act

Objective: To ensure supply of liquid milk, anessential commodity, to consumers by regulating its

processing & distribution

Registration compulsory for all milk processingplants (10,000 lit/day ) or handling > 500 tones ofmilk solids/annum

Up to 75,000 lit/day- registered with DAH ofrespective states

> 75 000 lit/day-reregistered with related authority ofthe central government

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MMP advisory board constituted to:

a) assist & advise the govt.

b) establish norms for license like procurement area,marketing area, capacity, balancing of uneven supply,standards etc.

Collection within the specified milk shed

Restrictions on milk product manufacture & levy on SMP

by milk controller to ensure liquid milk supply to generalpublic in any region

Stringent sanitary and hygienic requirements forpremises to grant license

Specific criteria for packing, marking and labeling The product needed to be got certified for conforming to

PFA & W&M rules

Samples analyzed in BIS recommended labs.

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Salient Benefits

Ensured quality improvement throughstringent sanitary and hygienic control

Helped evolving norms w r t processing,

machinery, essential services etc. of dairyplants

Promoted orderly growth in specified areas

Allowed free flow of surplus in areas ofdeficit

Number of Registered units fairly large withprogressively increasing processing capacity

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Weights & Measures Act

Enacted in 1975. Rules for packagedcommodities framed in 1977. Under this Actit is necessary to:

Declare on each package the name andaddress of manufacturer, the net quantitytherein, month/year of mfg., sale price etc.

Every manufacturer should be registered

with the Director, Legal Metrology, MOCS,CA&PD, New Delhi

Commodities to be packaged in specifiedquantities only

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Export Quality Control & Inspection

Responsible Agency: Export InspectionCouncil for Quality Control

Compulsory pre-shipment inspection thru anetwork of >50 agencies located aroundmajor production centres and ports ofshipment

Pollution Control NOC from Pollution Control Boards of

respective states mandatory

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Bureau of Indian Standards

Initiated formulation of standards in 1947 Food and Agriculture Division Councils

(FAD) 1956

Work of food legislation and standardization

got fillip 15 Sectional Committees dealing with food

under FAD

Technical Committee FAD-57 deals with dairyproducts and equipments

Published 116 Standards

Standards formulation by an Expert

Committee

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> 16000 Standards formulated so far

Two-fold activities:

1. Formulation of standards2. Implementation through promotion and

voluntary 3rd party certification

Food additives

a series of standards toensure safe usage and uniform purity

Hygiene: A code of practices formaintaining hygienic conditions for

processing units (IS:2491-1972; IS:7005;IS:5839)

Packaging: Published a list of permitted

thermoplastic packaging material

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ISI Certification Marks Scheme:

Under BIS Act 1986 a license is granted tomanufacturer for using ISI Mark under laiddown conditions

Quality System Certification Scheme:

launched as per IS 14000 series identical toISO 9000 series 3rd party certification

Legal aspects of quality assurance:

46 products, i.e. synthetic and natural foodcolours/mixtures, infant foods and other milkproducts are required to be certified by BISunder PFA 1954 mandatory

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Enforcement

Marketing substandard Use of ISI Mark by non-

products with ISI Marks licensees

Controlled by strict Deterrent action as provided

Monitoring in BIS Act evoked

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AGMARK Act, 1937 Grade Standards prescribed for agricultural and

allied commodities Implemented thru Directorate of Marketing &

Inspection

Voluntary and complying manufacturers allowed

to use AGMARK on their products 151 products covered including ghee, butter, fat

spreads, edible nuts, vegetable oil fats, essentialoils etc.

Penal provisions: Unauthorized marking

Counterfeiting Grade designation Mark

Selling misgraded articles

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Formulation of AGMARK Standards

Analyses of samples

Information about existing standards

Existing quality requirements studied

Tentative standards evolved

Publication in official gazette

Suggestions/comments examined

Specifications notified

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Miscellaneous Regulations Industrial License:

No license required for a dairy project

A memo submitted to SIA

Registration under MMPO 1992 required

Foreign Investment:

Prior approval of SIA, MOI

Approvals discretionary case to case basis

under FERA

Foreign Technology Agreements:

Prior approval necessary

Foreign services can be hired

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Food regulations at a glance

Regulation MoF&CS

/CA

MoFPI MoA MoH&FW MoC MoCA

ECA, 1955 FPO,1955

MFPO,1973MMPO,1992

SWMA, 1976 Packed

foods

AGMARK,1937

Raw/semi-processed

PFA, 1954 Consumer

protection

CAC, 1964 WTO

SPS/TBT

EQC&I Pre-

shipment

BIS, 1986 HACCP,

ISO 9000

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MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE

(Food Safety and Standards Authority of India)Notification

New Delhi, dated the 1st August, 2011 F.No. 2-15015/30/2010

Whereas in exercise of the powers conferred by section clause (e) of subsection (2) of section 92 read with 16 of Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006(34 of 2006) the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India proposes tomake Food Safety and Standards Regulations in so far they relate to FoodSafety and Standards (Food Products Standards and Food Additives)Regulations, 2011, and; Whereas these draft Regulations were published in

consolidated form at pages 1 to 776 in the Gazette of India Extraordinary PartIII Sec. 4 dated 20th October 2010 inviting objections and suggestions fromall persons likely to be affected thereby before the expiry of the period of thirtydays from the date on which the copies of the Gazette containing the saidnotification were made available to the public; And whereas the copies of theGazette were made available to the public on the 21st October 2010; And

whereas objections and suggestions received from the stakeholders within thespecified period on the said draft Regulations have been considered andfinalized by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India.Now therefore, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India hereby makesthe following Regulations, namely,FOOD SAFETY AND STANDARDS (FOOD PRODUCTS STANDARDS AND FOOD

ADDITIVES) REGULATIONS, 2011