Damage to Bolu Viaduct from

Earthquakes in Turkey

Euridice A. Oware

Advisor: Dr. Mete Sozen

Introduction

• Bolu Mountain Tunnel Project

• $ 1.5 billion

• Improve Transportation in the Mountainous Terrain to the West of Bolu Between Istanbul and Ankara.

• Contains:– Two 3.2-km Tunnels – Two Viaducts; One Almost Completed

Location

Project Location

1

Viaduct 1 (Western Viaduct)

Viaduct 1 - Details

• Length is 2.3 km

• Max Pier Height is 49 meters

• Maximum Span 39.6 meters

• Number of Piers: 58 North, 57 South

• Pier Foundations 12-pile Group with 1.8 m Diameter Friction Pile

Earthquakes

2 Earthquakes - North Anatolian Fault

• August 17, 1999: Kocaeli-Goluck Earthquake– M of 7.4, 45 seconds – Viaduct Performed Well

• November 12, 1999: Duzce-Bolu Earthquake– M of 7.2 – Suffered More Damage

Observations

Viaduct Deck Moved in Longitudinal Direction Beyond Design Limits.

Horizontal Displacements

Observations

Failed Dampers

Observations

Rotation of Piers

At the Expansion Joints

Report Goals

• Overview of the Viaduct Project

• Geology of Bolu Valley

• Geologist Map of Fault Zone

• Describe the Damage From Observations

• Damping Devices

Thank You!!!!