DANANG DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC WORKS DANANG PRIORITY INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT (PIIP-PMU) E1 727 VOL. 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT DANANG PRIORITY INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT PROJECT 2 PHASES LT'nto!national Airpott -084 - C-aosbote 14'. Marble mountain j -Quang Narnm-1~rJang x a.A- 0 Iaqo 2007i Torrfmt ict olev 24411 'Sra in IH11il[I 100%al Danang, August 2007 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
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DANANG DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC WORKSDANANG PRIORITY INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT PROJECT
I Introduction ......................................................... 51.1 Purpose of the summary environmental assessment ............................ 51.2 Background of the project ................................................. 52 Project components and implementation schedule .................................. 52.1 Project components .................................................... 52.2 Implementation schedule ............................................... 63 Summary of Environmental Guideline (EG) for phase 2 ......................... 83.1 WB and GoV's policies and approval procedure .............................. 83.1.1 WB Environmental Safeguard Policies .................................... 83.1.2 GoV Environmental Legislation and Standards .............................. 83.1.3 WB & GoV approval procedure ........................................ 103.2 Technical Guidelines ................................................. 103.2.1 General Guidelines ................................................. 103.2.2 Specific guidelines ................................................. I 113.3 Cultural Property Safeguard ................................................. I I3.4 Environmental Management and Monitoring .................................... 124 Summary EA for Phase la .............................................. l 54.1 Summary description of phase la ........................................ 154. 1.1 Component A - Urban upgrading ....................................... 154.1.2 Component B - Environmental Management ............................... 154.1.3 Component D - Institutional development ................................. S 154.2 Existing Natural and Socio-economic condition .............................................. l 84.2.1 Natural condition at project areas ....................................... I 84.3 Alternatives ........................................................ 194.3.1 Alternative of urban upgrading ................................................. 194.3.2 Alternative of Phu Loc river rehabilitation ................................. 194.4 Potential impacts ...................................................... 204.5 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) ................................... 264.5.1 Mitigation measures ................................................ 264.5.2 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting ................................. 284.5.3 Project Organization for Environmental Management System .................. 294.5.4 Capacity Development and Training ..................................... 304.5.5 Budget Requirements for Environmental Management, Mitigation and Monitoring ....... 305 Primary EA for Phase lb and Phase 2 ..................................... 305.1 Summary description of Phase I b and Phase 2 ............................... 305.1.1 Summary description of phase Ib ....................................... 305.1.2 Summary description of phase 2 ....................................... 315.2 Identify potential environmental impacts in phase lb and phase 2 .................................... 335.2.1 Environment impacts in site clearance stage ............................... 335.2.2 Environment impacts during construction stage ............................. 345.2.3 Environment impacts during management and operation stage ...................................... 385.2.4 Impacts on cultural property .......................................... 9.......5.3 Environment Management Plan (EMP) ................................... .395.3.1 Basis of EMP implementation ......................................... 395.3.2 Mitigation measures ................................................ 405.3.3 Environment monitoring plan'...: ....................................... 425.4 Participation of community in environment management ....................... 485.5 Capacity building ................................................... 485.6 EMP implementation cost ............................................. 485.6.1 Pre-construction and construction phase .................................. 485.6.2 Operation phase ................................................... 49
List of tablesTable 1. Safeguard Policies of the World Bank to be complied with in Danang PIIP .................. 8Table 2. Vietnamese environmental standards .................................... 9Table 3. WB and GoV's environmental clearance ................................ 10Table 4. Role and Responsibility in Environmental Safeguards ....................... 13Table 5. Summary impacts of project acivities .................................. 2 1Table 6. Summary of mitigation measures .................................... 26Table 7. Table of annual Environmental Monitoring Plan ........................... 28Table 8. Estimated Budget Costs for EMP Implementation (in USD) .................. 30Table 9. Proposed monitoring plan in construction phase ........................... 44Table 10. Proposed monitoring plan in operation phase ............................ 46Table 11. Estimated Budget Costs for EMP Implementation (in USD) ................. 49
List of figuresFigure 1 Project implementation schedule ...................................... 7Figure 2 Location map of project areas for phase la .............................. 17Figure 3 Water quality of Phu Loc river during ebb-tide, 5/2007 ..................... 18Figure 4 Location map of project areas for phase I b and phase 2 ..................... 32Figure 4 Map of Monitoring location for phase l b and phase 2 during construction phase ....... 45Figure 6 Map of Monitoring location for phase l b and phase 2 during operation phase ..... 47
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1.1 Purpose of the summary environmental assessment
This document provides a summary Environmental Assessment (EA) for the DanangPriority Infrastructure Investment Project (PIIP). In this report, summarized are theEnvironmental Guideline (EG), project components and implementation schedule for thewhole project. Potential impacts, mitigation measures and Environmental ManagementPlan (EMP) for phase la are presented in section 4. The primary EA for phase lb andphase 2 are analyzed and outlined in section 5. The summary EA has been prepared tomeet requirements of both Government of Vietnam (GoV) and the World Bank as part ofproject preparation process. The assessment of socio-economic impacts and potentialresettlement aspects were prepared separately in Resettlement Action Plan.
1.2 Background of the project
Danang is political, economic and cultural center of the Central Vietnam. Besides, it isone of the important gateways to the sea for the central highland areas including Laos,Cambodia and Thailand. By the end of 2005, Danang has a total area of 1,256.54 km 2and total population of 781,023 residents.
In consistence with the Comprehensive Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy'(CPRGS) of Vietnam, which defines the role of infrastructure development for growthand poverty reduction, in August 2004, the Government of Vietnam (GoV) requested theInternational Development Association (IDA) for a project on priority infrastructuredevelopment focusing on Danang. The proposed project will be therefore designed totranslate and implement CPRGS's goals in this city.
In contrast to the rapid economic growth, the current situation of environmentalsanitation there is poor. The city faces challenges in: ensuring productive employmentand basic services for new residents (both migrants and internal population growth),dealing with the legacy of under-investment; mitigating the risk of environmentaldegradation and traffic congestion; and, better operation of industrial zones andimprovement in FDI.
2 Project components and implementation schedule
2.1 Project components
* Component A: Urban Upgrading (Upgrading of Tertiary Infrastructure in LIAs) -This component will help upgrade tertiary infrastructure for low-income areas,provide resettlement housing and a micro-credit for housing improvements.
* Component B: Environmental Management - This component will invest inimproving environmental condition, including tlood control, construction ofdrainage trunks, wastewater collection as well as wastewater treatment works.
* Component C: Roads and bridges for economic development - This componentwill provide new roads to enhance economic growth.
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* Component D: Institution development - This Component assists in enhancing theperformance efficiency of the City's departments and sectors in theimplementation of the Socio-Economic Development Plan, period 2006 - 2010.
2.2 Implementation schedule
The project is phased in 3 stages, preparation of EIA report also divided into 3 phasesaccordingly.- Phase la: commences in June, 2008, the EIA report for phase la has been prepared
and submitted to DONRE and WB for appraisal. In this phase, the Executivesummary for 2 phases has also prepared.
- Phase Ib: commences in March, 2009, the EIA report for phase lb will be preparedupon completing of draft CIPR for phase lb.
- Phase 2: commences in April, 2010, the EIA report for phase 2 shall be preparedduring preparation of CIPR for phase 2.
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3 Summary of Environmental Guideline (EG) for phase 2
The EG provides a general WB and GoV's environmental policies and approvalprocedure. Besides, the technical guidelines for each Project's components are outlinedand presented.
3.1 WB and GoV's policies and approval procedure
3.1.1 WB Environmental Safeguard Policies
The World Bank requires the Bank supported activities and investment projects to meetvarious policies, including environmental safeguards, which are given in the OperationalPolicies (OPs).
The Bank strictly applies a set of 10 safeguard OPs to ensure that potentially adverseenvironmental, social and legal consequences are recognized, minimized and mitigated atan early stage in project development. These policies receive particular attention duringall project and/or loan preparation and approval processes. Taking into account the typesof the Danang PIIP Phase 2 sub-projects, among the 10 safeguard policies mentionedabove, the following in the Table below should be complied with in phase 2; the keysafeguard policy relating to environment is OP 4.01 on environmental assessment.In addition to OP 4.01, the World Bank provides guidance on its environmentalassessment requirements within its Environmental Assessment Sourcebook (WashingtonD.C., World Bank, 1991) and subsequent updates, and Pollution Prevention ctndAbatement Handbook, (Washington D. C., World Bank, 1998).
Table 1. Safeguard Policies of the World Bank to be complied with in Danang PIIP
Ref Name ObjectivesOP Environmental e To ensure projects proposed for financing are
4.01 Assessment environmentally & socially sound and sustainable* To inform decision makers of the nature of
environmental and social risks involved in the project;* To increase transparency and participation of all
project-affected people in the decision-making process
OP Cultural To ensure that4. 11 Property . Physical cultural resources are identified and protected
during the project implementation* National laws governing the protection of physical
cultural property are complied with
3.1.2 GoV Environmental Legislation and Standards
There are a number of legislative documents on the environmental safeguard activitiesfor investment projects in Vietnam.
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The Constitution of Vietnam states that state-owned enterprises, goverrnental agencies,cooperatives and national defense units must take full responsibility for implementationof policy which ensures reasonable use of the country's natural resources andenvironmental preservation.
A summary of key national laws governing environmental management of concern to theproject include but are not limited to the following:
* Law on Environmental Protection dated 29 Nov. 2005.* Decree No. 80/2006/ND-CP dated 9 Aug. 2006 on detailed regulation and
implementation guidance for some clauses of Law on Environmental Protection.
* Circular No. 08/2006/TT-BTNMT dated 8 Sep. 2006 on guidance of strategicenvironmental assessment, environmental impacts assessment and commitment toenvironmental protection.
* Decree No. 91/2002 (Nov. 11, 2002) on the Mandate, Organization and Functionsof MONRE.
* Decision No. 45/QD-TTg (April. 2, 2003) on establishing provincial Departmentof Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE).
* MONRE Decision No. 35 / 2002 / QD-BKHCNMT on standards to be appliedduring the preparation of an Environmental Assessment (EA)
The table below presents Vietnamese standards related to wastewater quality, solid wasteand air quality that are suitable to be applied in the Danang PIIP phase 2 sub-projects.
Table 2. Vietnamese environmental standardsrelated to the Danang PIIP phase 2 sub-projects
Number of standard Name of standard
TCVN 7222-2002 General environmental requirements for central domestic(municipal) wastewater treatment plants
TCVN 6772-2000 Water quality - Domestic wastewater standards
TCVN 6984-2001 Water quality - Standards for industrial effluents dischargedinto rivers for protection of aquatic life
TCXD 188-1996 Urban wastewater: standard for discharge
TCVN 5298-1995 Use of wastewater effluent and sludge for watering andfertilizing purposes
TCVN 5300-1995 Soil classification based on the level of chemical pollutants
TCVN 5937, 5940- Monitoring system for the air quality1995
TCVN 5938-1995 Maximum permissible concentration of hazardous substances inambient air
TCVN 5948-1999 Allowed limitation values for road motor vehicle noise
TCVN 5949-1998 Allowed limitation values for noise in public and residential
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TCVN 6962:2001 Vibration and shock - Vibration emitted by construction worksand factories - Maximum permitted levels in the environment ofpublic and residential areas
3.1.3 WB & GoV approval procedure
The WB and GoV approval steps are presented in the table below.
1. PMU submits Final EA report to the World I. Consultant submits EA report toBank 120 days before the Board date and PMU for comment.prior to the appraisal;
2. PMU disclosures Final EA report in country 2. PMU sent the executive summary of(in Vietnamese) and release the document EIA report to Ward's PC andfor disclosure in InfoShop in Washington Fatherland Front at project areas andand at the Vietnam Development get feedback in writingInformation Center (VDIC) in Hanoi;
v3. PMU reviews and submits EA reportto DONRE for review and comments:
3. Executive Summary is sent to the Board; 4. Consultant finalizes the EA Reportafter incorporating comments fromDONRE authorities and resubmit it toDONRE for approval;
4. Safeguard Committee reviews prior to the 5. DONRE issues approval prior toDecision Meeting for the appraisal; negotiations.
5. PMU submits the revised EA documents tothe World Bank;
6. Safeguard Committee reviews and issuesclearance prior to the negotiations.
3.2 Technical Guidelines
3.2.1 General Guidelines
For each project, the environmental issues have to be integral part of the whole projectpreparation and implementation process. The magnitude and level of the environmentalassessment depends on the content, impacts and investment scale of the construction.
For Phase 2 of Danang PIIP, like for any other project, the necessary steps ofenvironmental assessment for the project components include the following:
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* Identifying of environmental impacts and mitigation measures;* Preparation of environmental assessment documentation;* Monitoring of the implementation of the activities.
For phase 2 of the Danang PIIP, as mentioned at the beginning, 04 fields of investmentactivities i.e. Urban Upgrading of LIAs, Trunk Infrastructure, WWTPs, Roads will beimplemented in the framework of the Components A, B and C.
For Component A - Urban Upgrading (Upgrading of Tertiary Infrastructure in LIAs).which is related to widening/paving of alleys in the lanes in the LIAs, construction ofsewerage; water supply connections to houses; public lighting; and social infrastructuresuch as public place of amusement, public meeting house, construction of primaryschools, ward's health care stations, upgrading of kindergartens, markets etc.,Community Upgrading Plan (CUP) and Community Environmental Management Plan(CEMP) are sufficient for the environmental purpose.
For Component B - Environmental Management, construction of Primary and SecondaryInfrastructure (Trunk Infrastructure), Upgrading of existing WWTPs, and Component C -Roads ang bridges for economic development, whereas, a full scale EnvironmentalImpact Assessment (EIA) including Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is needed.
3.2.2 Specific guidelines
The EG provided specific guidelines in preparing EIA and EMP for each components,the main points are as follows:EIA documentation will correspond to the World Bank safeguard policies OP 4.01 onEnvironmental Assessment and OP 4.11 on Physical Cultural Resources and theVietnamese Law on Environmental Protection and Decree 80/2006/ND-CP.
The scope of the environmental documentation includes:
* Site-specific EIA for proposed components* Description of the sub-components* Description of the environmental condition* Legislative and regulatory framework* Determination of potential impacts of the proposed components* Analysis of alternatives to the proposed components* Environmental Management Plan (EMP)* Public consultation and public disclosure* Reporting
According to OP 4.01 Annex C, an EMP consists of mitigation, monitoring, andinstitutional measures to be taken during implementation and operation to eliminate orreduce adverse environmental and social impacts to acceptable levels. The plan alsoincludes the actions needed to implement these measures.
The EG also outlined design practices, mitigation measures during construction andoperation for each components.
3.3 Cultural Property Safeguard
The cultural and archaeological site such as pagodas, cemeteries, archaeological sites.battle fields and heroes cemeteries etc. should be identified and documented during thepreparation of environmental assessment. The local authority archaeological service is
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usually the best point of contact to check for any significant historical features on or nearthe site.
During the constructions, the Engineer, who is the person responsible for arranging thetechnical supervision of the contract and the Contractor, has to be informed about thefinding of new cultural or historic objects, and who in his turn is responsible to reportabout those findings immediately to the DCI according to the Law on Cultural Heritages.The works at the site have to be stopped and the site secured. Only the representatives ofDCI are competent to deal with the objects and inspect the discovery and advise theEngineer as to what action is to be taken. Following a discovery and after securing thesite the Contractor should arrange with the Engineer to move his activities to another site.
3.4 Environmental Management and Monitoring
In general, the roles and responsibilities of various parties in the project's environmentalsafeguards (including institutional arrangements for identifying, appraising andenvironmental management and monitoring EMPs at the PIIP-PMU, city and communitylevel) during the project implementation process are presented in the Table below.
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Table 4. Role and Responsibility in Environmental Safeguards
Role and Responsibility in Environmental SafeguardsStage Danang PIIP - PMU DONRE Consultant Contractor Community
CUP/CEMP - To ensure the CEMP - To participate in - To ensure the - To participate in CUP/CEMPpreparation is implemented for CUP/CEMP process; CUP/CEMP process is process;through selected-priority - To ensure the participatory and - To give opinions aboutparticipatory subprojects identified CUP/CEMP is consistent with WB environmental impacts andprocess. through CUP. consistent with guidelines and approve CUP via
environmental Vietnamese representativesregulations and regulations;integrating - To prepareenvironmental issues. CUP/CEMP report
Identification of - To ensure the - To support in sub- - To participate in selection ofsubprojects selected sub-projects project identification sub-projects and their viabilityselected for Phase are sound and meet assessment;2 in the Priority the priority criteria. - To give consensus on theProject List selection.CIP (FS - To ensure EIA and - To review and - To ensure EIA and - To give opinions about the EIAformerly), Basic EMP are included in approve the EIA and EMP are included in the and EMP via representatives;Design and the CIP; EMP included in the CIP prepared by theBidding - To ensure that CIP; consultant;Documents applicable measures - To ensure that the - To ensure thatpreparation in the EMP are EIA and EMP are applicable measures in
included in the design consistent with the EMP are included inand condition on environmental the design andcompliance with EMP regulations condition onis included in the compliance with EMPbidding documents. is included in the
bidding documents.Construction and - To monitor the - To monitor the - To comply - To comply with EMP, monitorO&M Monitoring compliance with compliance with with EMP and and prepare periodic reports to
EMP; EMP. prepare the PMU on the Contractor's
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Role and Responsibility in Environmental SafeguardsStage Danang PIIP - PMU DONRE Consultant Contractor Community
- To prepare periodic periodic compliance with EMP (basedreports to the DONRE reports to the on the contractual arrangementsand the WB. PMU. for environmental monitoring).
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In this phase, 3 low income areas (LIAs) will be upgraded and 2 resettlement areasconstructed, i.e:* Upgrading LIA Thanh Khe 1 and Xuan Hoa A, Hoa Khe Ward, Thanh Khe
District, the total upgrading area is some 34.88 ha, the proposed upgrading itemsare road system, lighting system, drainage system, water supply.
* Upgrading LIA Thanh Khe 5, Thanh Khe Dong Ward, Thanh Khe District, thetotal upgrading area is some 9.92 ha, the proposed upgrading items are roads,drainage sewers, public lighting system, water supply system and public relaxplace.Upgrading LIA Chau Thanh, Nam Duong Ward, Hai Chau District with totalupgrading area is some 4.08ha, proposed upgrading items are roads, publiclighting, drainage sewers, water supply and Ma Voi market.
* Upgrading Trung Tam LIA, Hai Chau 2 Ward, Hai Chau District. The totalupgrading area is some 2.19ha, the proposed upgrading items are roads, tertiarydrainage system, water supply system, public lighting.Constructing Hoa Minh-Hoa Khanh resettlement area with total area of some4.25ha. This resettlement site is for affected families from Lien Chieu district andsome affected families from Thanh Khe district.Constructing Lien Chieu district and Hoa Quy resettlement area, Ngu Hanh Sondistrict with total area of some 5.9ha. This resettlement area is for affectedfamilies from Son Tra, Ngu Hanh Son and Cam Le districts.Constructing Thanh Khe Tay resettlement area, Thanh Khe district with total areaof some 5.1 8ha. This resettlement site is for affected families from Thanh Khe andHai Chau districts.
4.1.2 Component B - Environmental Management
The main investment items in phase la include:* Improving environment of the Phu Loc river: the works to be done include
dredging, construction of protective embankment, access road, lighting system.growing trees to create landscape in the area, installing wastewater collectionsystems on both sides of the river and connecting them to the Phu Loc waste watertreatment plant (WWTP). Total length of upgraded section is some 1.83km.
* Constructing related trunk drainage sewers for 2 proposed LIAs with total lengthof some lkm.
4.1.3 Component D - Institutional development
In addition to investments in upgrading and building technical infrastructure works(Component A, B, C), Danang PIIP also attaches special importance to supporting thecity in institutional reforms and development, including 5 sub-components;
- Sub-Component A: Urban Planning and Capital Investment Planning.
Danang has typically tropical monsoon climate with annual average temperature above250C and annual average humidity 82%. There are two obvious seasons in Danangincluding rainy season from August to December and dry season from January to July.Tidal regime of Danang sea is diurnal tide and irregular half-diurnal tide.a. Air quality at project areasThe projects areas are mainly affected by high concentration of suspended particulates.The tested TSP values range from 5.1 to 49.2 mg/m3, which are much higher thanVietnamese standards, especially at inner city roads such as Ong Ich Khiem road andNguyen Hoang road. Noise in residential and suburban areas are still low, except attraffic roads where the tested noise varies from 52 to 84 DBA. Other emissions such asNO2, SO2, CO... are still below standards. However, residents living in LIAs and alongthe Phu Loc river have been affected by odor, in which the most affected areas are thoseclose to the existing city outlet such as at Dung Sy Thanh Khe bridge or near the ClinicCentre at Tran Cao Van road.b. Surface water qualityImproving the environment of the Phu Loc River is one of the key priority items in orderto improve living conditions in the city and is invested in the first period of the project.The Phu Loc River is one of the main and big drainage channels of the city, whichoriginates from West Lake and flows to Da Nang Bay through the estuary at Nguyen TatThanh Road, Thanh Khe Dong ward. The river section to be rehabilitated has a length ofabout 1.83 kilometers and a width of 50 to 80 meters.The river has been polluted not only due to domestic wastewater from the inhabitantsliving alongside, but also due to the rubbish thrown into it. This is a significant concernfor a long time and causes great impacts on the inhabitants. According to the test results.the pollutant contents of the river are highest at the middle section and lowest at theoutlet. Wastewater from the river has been discharged into Danang bay and contaminatedcoastal water quality. The figure 3 bellow presents the river water quality.
2500 ,
2000
1500-.-- BOD5 mg/I
-;-COD mg/l
1000 |SS mgiI
500 ,- X_
0
NM2 NM3 NM4 NM5
Figure 3 Water quality of Phu Loc river during ebb-tide, 5/2007
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Notes:NM2: sample taken at starting point of the riverNM3: sample taken at downstream of the city's drainage outlet, near 29/3 Textilecompany.NM4: sample taken near the Phu Loc river outlet.NM5: sample taken at Danang bay
Surface water at Hoa Quy resettlement area has not been polluted as the pollutantcontents are lower than standards.
c. Groundwater qualityGroundwater from the aquifer in project areas has good quality and could be used fordomestic purpose as tested physiochemical parameters are below standards. However,coliforms are detected in most of the samples from shallow wells (3/4 samples).
4.3 Alternatives
4.3.1 Alternative of urban upgradingThe alternatives for upgrading road systems, drainage system, water supply, lightingsystem and socio-economic infrastructure have been consulted with the community. Afterthe second consultation, the community at each LIA has chosen roads as priorities ofupgrading, width of proposed upgrading roads varies from 2.5 - 19.5m.
Hoa Minh Resettlement area, Lien Chieu district: At present, part of this area isfields, another part is a residential area (with some 55 households), and the remainingpart belongs to No. 475 Warehouse.
Resettlement area in Hoa Quy ward, Ngu Hanh Son district: is a field with an area of5.9ha. This area is in the North of the South city ring road and Danang UniversityVillage, next to Dong Tra planned residential area. There are not any works within thisarea except some old graves. The only existing access to this area is the route on thesouth contructed in front of Danang University Village, connecting Luu Quang Vu roadto Tran Dai Nghia road.
Thanh Khe Tay resettlement area, Thanh Khe district : this is a sunken area of 5.1 8hanext to the Phu Loc river and 29/3 Textile Company. There are about 155 householdsliving here and some old graves. The elevation of the area is from +0.70 (Phu Loc riverbank) up to +4.60 (existing residential area). Access road to the site is the existing roadconnecting the residential area and 29/3 Textile Company with Tran Cao Van road (DungSy Thanh Khe road).
These resettlement areas will be divided into plots and constructed with infrastructuresuch as roads, drainage and water supply system as well as lighting system.
4.3.2 Alternative of Phu Loc river rehabilitation
In this phase, the Phu Loc river will be rehabilftated based on the existing alignment. Tosolve the problem of sand deposit at the river outlet, 2 retaining walls with 50m lengthand an open angle of 200 will be constructed in order to extricate the water current and toreduce the energy of the seawaves that hit the abutment.
For protective embankment of the river, proposed were 2 options as follows:
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- Option 1: Constructing masonry embankment with slope of 1 :1.5, the river widthis then 35m.
- Option 2: Constructing vertical reinforced concrete embankment, the river widthis then 30m.
Of the two proposed options, option 2 has larger quantity of construction work and needshigher number of construction equipment because it is necessary to use specializedmachine such as R.C pile drivers, heavy crane etc. during the construction. Additionally,the volume of excavation and embankment in option 2 is higher. Thus, the environmentalimpacts in option 2 are predicted to be larger than in option 1. In social impact aspect,option 1 acquires more land and the number of affected people is higher than those ofoption 2. Regarding construction method, construction of foundation in option I does notrequire deep excavation, while deep piling is required in option 2. The river bank usuallyhas week geo-structure and low strength. Moreover, there are some large works such asthe College of Gymnastics, 29/3 Textile Company, Commercial College... that are closeto the river bank. Therefore, constructing embankment with deep foundation wouldaffect the structure of these works and houses, leading to the assets damage. Havingtaken into consideration engineering aspect, social and environmental impacts.construction cost as well as safety during construction, option 1 was selected.The drainage system in this area is still a combined system as most of the sewersconnected to the Phu Loc river are collecting both rainy water and wastewater. For eachoutlet, a manhole will be constructed to separate wastewater into interceptor sewers,which convey to Phu Loc WWTP for treatment, whereas storm water will be separatedand discharged into the river.Along two sides of pavement, sewers to collect wastewater will be installed at thepavement next to collecting sewer and interceptor sewer lines will also be constructed.
4.4 Potential impactsPredicted potential impacts of project activities are summarized in the table below.
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Phases/ Activities Main pollution sources Major affected subjects Main impacts
Positive impacts Community in LlAs Supply clean water for LlAs
Community in LlAs and along Improve drainage capacity, solve inundation in LlAs
Phu Loc river and Phu Loc riverCommunity in LlAs and along Solve pollution from wastewater in LlAs and Phu LocPhu Loc river riverCommunity in project areas Improve environmental condition and public health
Aquatic ecosystem Improve Phu Loc environment
Local authorities Increase landuse valueCommunity in project areas
Site clearance phase - Construction dust - air condition - Impacts by dust, air emissions, noise and vibration to
- Air emissions from construction - water quality of Phu Loc river air quality during site clearance are small due to small
equipment and transportation - soil condition number of equipment and machines used and their
vehicle - people that lose assets movement- Noise and vibration during - people affected during - Partial flooding caused by wastewater and run-off
construction demolition water, which may also influence the river water quality
- Wastewater and runoff water - local authorities - The site clearance activities may cause destruction of
- Solid waste during demolition top soil and vegetation cover
- Traffic obstacle - Land acquisition will temporarily impact on living,business and spirit of some households- Site clearance will cause difficulties for localauthorities in arranging new residential places and jobsfor the residents to be displaced.- Impacts in Hoa Minh resettlement area are higherthan those in other areas
Construction phase
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1. Infrastructure - Dust, air emissions and noise - people that lose assets - Impacts by dust, air emissions, noise and vibration to
upgrading for LIAs - Wastewater and run-off water - people affected during air quality during construction are small due to small
- Solid waste demolition, number of equipment and machines used and their
- Traffic obstacle - affected business movement and manual work riethod;- local authorities - Partial flooding caused by wastewater and run-off- air condition water, which may also influence the river water- water quality of Phu Loc river quality;- soil condition at resettlement - The above impacts would occur in 1-2 weeks at eachareas upgraded alley.- traffic at transportation routes - Traffic at Ong Ich Khiem, Tran Cao Van, Huynh
Ngoc Hue would be increased during constructionstage, estimated 6-12 months.- Temporary interruption of water and electric supply- Labour safety
2. Constructing - Dust, air emissions and noise - Air environment - Impacts by air emissions, noise and vibration to air
resettlement areas - Wastewater and run-off water - Water quality of Phu Loc river quality during construction are slight;
- Solid waste - Workers - TSP content during construction phase would
- Traffic obstacle - People living around increase and be higher than standard, however, at theconstruction areas and at moment, TSP at transportation routes is from 32transportation route times (at access road to Thanh Khe Tay
resettlement area) to 65 times (at Luu Quang Vuroad) higher than standard- Partial flooding caused by wastewater and run-offwater, which may also influence the river waterquality;- Wastewater from worker at the site: estimated at 2.5- 5m3/ day, solid waster generated at the site: 25 -
50kg/ day- Traffic at Nguyen Khuyen, Tran Cao Van, LuuQuang VIi would be increased during constructionstage, estimated 6-12 months. Estimated number ofvehicles increased in Luu Quang vu road is 7 trucks/h,3trucks/h at Ngguyen Khuyen road and 9 trucks/h in
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3. Constructing sewage - Waste from excavation - inhabitants living near - estimated amount of dust raised from excavation is
system and Phu Loc - Dust and air emission from construction areas relatively high, as of about 83,8 - 8.380 kg;
embankments transportation and construction - College, school and textile - The contents of TSP, S02, NOx, CO, VOC will be
equipment company increased by 0,06, 0,15, 0,85, 0,43 va 0,19 g.g/m3,
- Noise and vibration - air condition respectively. Apart from the TSP content that will be
- Domestic Waste - Soil condition along the Phu above standard since its baseline content is already
- Leakage of residual oil and grease Loc river much higher than standard, the other air emissions are
- Run-off water still lower than standard;- Noise and vibration at construction areas are not veryhigh as it is some 54 - 73 dBA within 1Oim radius;- estimated wastewater volume and solid waste fromworkers are I0m3/ day and 100kg/ day, respectively.If discharged into the river without pre-treatment, itwould pollute the river water quality;- Traffic on Nguyen Tat Thanh road would be slightlyaffected. The impacts would be significant at Ong IchKhiem, Nguyen Hoang and Dung Sy Thanh Kheroads; extimated the average number of vehiclesincreased is 8 trips/h at all traffic routes in duration of6-12 months.- ILeakage oil and grease from construction machines
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and equipment would affect top soil around them orwater quality of the river in case of run off but it isnegligible- Wastewater and run-off water would affectsignificantly water quality of the river and residentialareas nearby, especially in case of rain coinciding withhigh tide
4. Dredging sediment - Dredged sediment - Water quality at Danang bay - Increasing turbidity level around dredging area
from Phuc Loc river - Air emission and odor - Air condition - Increasing pollutant from deposit sludge- Leachate - Bad odor would heavily affect workers and
- Leakage oil and greases inhabitants- Leachate from temporary sludge storage would affectwater quality of the river- Leakage oil and grease from dredging equipmentwould affect the river water quality but it is negligible
5. Accidental landslide of - Water quality of Phu Loc - In case a landslide happens, the turbidity in the river
Phu Loc river banks river of Danang Bay would be sharply increased. Volume of deposit at river
during construction bottom would be increased accordingly.
process - The structure of existing works near accidental areawould be heavily affected
Operation phase
1. Operation and - Odor during dredging and - workers and residents near the - Concreting alleys would increase run-off water
maintenance maintenance of drainage sewers maintenance and dredging areas - toxic gases from sewers would affect worker's health
infrastructure system at - Domestic wastewater and solidLiAs waste at resettlement areas2. Operation and - Odor during dredging and - Inhabitant living in - Loads of generated domestic wastewater and solid
maintenance resettlement maintenance of drainage sewers resettlement areas waste from resettlement areas are estimated low and
areas - Domestic wastewater and septic - Resettlement management treatable and manageable.- Solid waste at resettlement areas Unit
3. Operation and - Toxic gas and smell - O&M workers - Toxic gas and odor would affect workers' health
maintenance sewage - fIabitants surroundingsystem ___ construction areas
3. Phu Loc river in - Effluent from Phu Loc WWTP - Coastal water environmental - Improving dischargeable (positive impact)
operation phase - Deposit capability in Danang bay - Water environmental recover (positive impact), it is
expected that the water quality would be recovered asof 2003, then BOD5 of the river was 12-21 mg/I- Effluent from Phu Loc WWTP would affect to water
quality of Phu Loc river. BOD5 of this WWTP wouldbe 70mg/I. Mixed BOD5 at river outlet would be23.16mg/1. Thus receiving effluent from Phu Loc
WWTP would not affected to wqter quality of Danangbay- In case of accident at Phu Loc WWTP, the wastewater will be discharged to Phu Loc river, results inslight pollution in the river, mixed BOD5 in this caseis 27.8mg/I, however this case is rarely happens.- Sand deposit is the major issue of Phu Loc river
during operation, If this issue would not be solved, itcould affect to effectiveness of Phu Loc riverrehabilitation
Based on the predicted Phase 1 environmental Impacts, appropriate mitigation measuresare identified and described for each of the key project stages and types of impacts,including:Mitigation Measures during Detail Design, including general design considerations:design of drainage and sewerage systems; design of solid waste collection points:Mitigation Measures during Construction, including specific mitigation measures duringexcavation and dredging activities;Mitigation Measures During Operation, including drainage and sewerage systems, solidwaste collection point: environmental mitigation measures for the resettlement site.
Table 6. Summary of mitigation measures
Phases/ Activities Main mitigation measurftsPre-construction phase - Land acquisition shall be limited to the maximum by
selecting optimal design option to avoid resettlement;- Support shall be provided for affected people during theirmoving and resettlement;- Proper attention should be paid to labour safety;- Traffic should be properly distributed and warning signsraised;- Construction wastes shall be quickly transported out ofthe site;
Streets and roads should be regularly sprinkled withwater;- Construction activities should be avoided during rushhours and at night.
Construction phase1. Infrastructure upgrading - Only low noise vehicle and equipment, not the old onesfor LIAs that release toxic gas, shall be used. Vehicles and
equipment should be regularly maintained;- Construction wastes shall be quickly transported out ofthe site;- Streets and roads should be regularly sprinkled withwater;- Trucks should be covered during transportation,- Temporary water supply plan during construction shouldbe prepared;- Local authorities and habitants shall be kept informedabout construction schedule;- Construction activities should be avoided during rushhours and at night;- Proper attention should be paid to ensure labour safety;
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2. Constructing sewage - Only low noise vehicle and equipment, not the old ones,system and Phu Loc that release toxic gas should be used. Vehicles andembankments equipment should be regularly maintained;
- Construction wastes shall be quickly transported out ofthe site;- Streets and roads should be regularly sprinkled withwater;- Trucks should be covered during transportation;- Local authorities and habitants shall be kept informedabout construction schedule;- Construction activities should be avoided during rushhours and at night;- Proper attention should be paid to ensure labour safety.
3. Dredging sediment from - Dredging should be carried out at a lower depth than thethe Phuc Loc river water level;
- The sediment shall not be stored in crowded residentialareas;- Specialized pump should be used to suck sand;- Appropriate construction method should be selected;- Specialized deodorant should be sprayed to the air todisperse the bad odor;- Temporary sediment storage should be covered by canvas;- Dredging plan shall be announced to local authorities andhabitants;- Construction activities should be avoided during rushhours and at night;- Proper attention should be paid to ensure labour safety.
4. Accidental landslide of - Measures to consolidate the river banks should bePhu Loc river banks during properly calculated and implemented prior to theconstruction process excavation and construction;
-Workers should be trained on how to deal with possibleaccidents;- In case of splitting or sinking houses, the Contract have toannounce to local authorities and apply necessaryconsolidation measures to avoid more serious damages ofpeople and property;- Proper attention should be paid to ensure labour safety.
Operation phase1. Operation and - The system should be appropriately managed,maintenance of - Dredging plan shall be announced to local authorities andinfrastructure system at habitantsLIAs2. Operation and - The sewage system should be ventilated before dredging;maintenance of sewage - Dredging plan shall be announced to local authorities andsystem habitants3. The Phu Loc river in - Hydraulic calculations should be made to mitigate depositoperation phase capability;
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- The river mouth should be regularly dredged;- Workers should be trained on how to timely overcomeemergency cases
4.5.2 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting
Environmental monitoring will be conducted at the following four (4) levels:
* Monitoring of project performance indicators;* Monitoring of implementation of mitigation measures done by the contractor,
* Community based monitoring; and* Overall regulatory monitoring of the project.
A set of monitoring indicators is proposed to assess the implementation at various projectstages. These performance monitoring indicators will be agreed in the final EA report.EMP and Project Implementation Plan (PIP) as well as the findings andrecommendations of the Independent Safeguards Monitoring (ISM) Consultant to beappointed under the project. The PMU will prepare for the Bank bi-annual performancemonitoring reports, which will detail project progress with respect to agreed targets forenvironmental project performance indicators.
Table 7. Table of annual Environmental Monitoring Plan
Type of monitoring Frequency Task
Healthy indicators Once in ISMC shall collect data,commencementand once in end ofproject
Flooding situation Twice per year (in ISMC shall collect data.rain season) these data will record in
GIS,
Quality of water (BOD5, COD, DO, SS, Twice per year, in IMSC shall carry outColiform, Total N, Total P, oil and grease) both dry and rainy environmental
Samples shall be taken in both flood tide and seasons monitoring duringebb tide construction phase and in
next 2 years in operation(6 points of sampling: starting point of Phu Loc phaseriver, middle of river, downstream of Phu LocWWTP's outlet, Danang bay around the rivermouth, leachate from drying bed and atreceiving water body at city's disposal site)
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Quality of sediment Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Cr 6+, Twice per year, intotal P, total N both dry and rainy
Samples shall be taken in both flood tide and seasonebb tide
(4 points of sampling: starting point of Phu Locriver, downstream of city's sewer next to 29/3Textile Company, downstream of Phu LocWWTP's outlet, Danang bay around the rivermouth)
Air environmental monitoring: S02, CO, NO2 , Twice per year IMSC shall carry outPb (particulate and gas), TSP, noise, traffic environmentalfrequency monitoring during
(08 samples should be taken at Ong Ich Khiem, construction phase,Dien Bien Phu, Ha Huy Tap, Tran Cao Van/ whenever receiveDung Sy Thanh Khe, Nguyen Tat Thanh, Luu complain from LIAQuang Vu, Nguyen Khuyen roads, at cross ISMC shall monitor ansection between EC road and new access road air sample at city'salong Phu Loc river, I sample at each roads) disposal site during
construction phase and inI sample at city's disposal site, monitoring next 2 years in operationparameter: H2S, CH4, CO2, NOx (the location neof disposal site has not approved yet, so the phaselocation of this sample will be difined later byISMC)
Mitigation measures monitoring Monthly for CMC shall monitorcomponent A according to ISMC
Every 3 months guidancefor component B
Community Environmental Management Plan Monthly/weekly Community monitoring(CEMP) unit shall monitor
Total of samples during construction phase is 100 samples, in which 36 water samples.24 sludge samples, 40 air samples.Total of sample during operation phase is 84 samples, in which 48 water samples, 32sludge samples, 4 air samples.
4.5.3 Project Organization for Environmental Management SystemThe draft EA recommends an organizational and systematic approach towards anenvironmental management system involving the following key project stakeholders andresponsibilities:Project Management Unit (PMU): The PMU has the overall responsibility to implementand monitor the EMP. Assisted by the ISM and CMC consultants, the PMU will monitorand report on the implementation of mitigation measures during the contractor'sconstruction works. The proposed PMU staffing organization will include at least oneenvironmental mitigation and monitoring specialist.Community Monitoring Unit (CMU): At the sub-project's tertiary and householdconnection levels, community representatives will be encouraged to monitor-environmental sanitation conditions in their areas.
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Construction Management Consultant (CMC): The main tasks of CMC are monitoringbasic construction practices and procedures, including Standard Operating Procedures(SOPs) for mitigating environmental impacts as described in the EA.Independent Safeguards Monitoring (ISM) Consultant: The ISM will be responsible formonitoring EMP implementation activities and ensuring that agreed environmental andsocial safeguard policies of the GoV and the Bank are applied and monitored.
4.5.4 Capacity Development and TrainingNeeded training on how to implement effective environmental monitoring, mitigation andreporting measures and systems will be provided to key stakeholders (PMI, contractorsand community representatives) based on the actual project needs, roles andresponsibilities.
4.5.5 Budget Requirements for Environmental Management, Mitigation andMonitoring
A summary of the proposed budgets for recommended CCESP environmentalmanagement, mitigation and monitoring measures is presented in the table below.
Table 8. Estimated Budget Costs for EMP Implementation (in USD)
Description Proposed Budget Source of Budget1 Implementation of Costs included in construction Loan proceeds
5 Environmental Costs included in Supervision Loan proceedsMonitoring by CMC Contract
Total 41,800
Note: Proposed budget costs exclude VAT, contingency and escalation costs.
5 Primary EA for Phase lb and Phase 2
5.1 Summary description of Phase lb and Phase 2
5.1.1 Summary'description of phase lbComponent BIn this phase, the project investments will be made in:* Construction and rehabilitation of main drainage and sewage systems in Lien
Chieu, Son Tra, Ngu Hanh Son districts, installation of collection sewersconnecting to 4 existing WWTPs. Total length of the proposed sewers is some38km, total number of sewage pumping stations is 14. Besides, additional sewers
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(tertiary and house connections) will also be constructed with total length of some21km and 25,734 household connections.
* Construction of related primary and secondary drainage system with total lengthof some 0.2km.
Component CIn phase lb, the Nguyen Tri Phuong - Hoa Quy link road will be constructed. Thebeginning point of the route shall be at the crossroads of Nguyen Tri Phuong and CachMang Thang 8, ending at Km6+344 Tran Dai Nghia road. The total length of road is6,850m and cross section is 25m. There are 3 bridges namely Nguyen Tri Phuong bridge.Tung Lam bridge and Khue Dong bridge to be constructed with some 1.2km total lengthand 19m width.
5.1.2 Summary description of phase 2Component AIn phase 2, the remaining 10 LIAs with total areas of 233.73ha will be upgraded. Theproposed upgrading items are roads, drainage systems, water supply (including servicepipelines and household connections), public lighting, public relax place. kindergarten,healthcare station, market and community house.
Component BIn this phase, additional tertiary sewers with a total length of some 31km and 16,964household connections will be installed. Investments will also be made in upgradingpumping stations, drainage and sewage infrastructure, constructing secondary WWTP inHoa Xuan and related pumping stations and main pipelines from the existing Hoa Cuongand Ngu Hanh Son WWTPs to Hoa Xuan WWTP as well as a long sea outfall for PhuLoc WWTP. Besides, constructed will be also related primary and secondary drainagesystem and water supply system for LIAs with total length of some 2km and 0.4km.respectively.
Component CIn phase 2, the South city road lying on the East-west artery will be constructed with thebeginning point at Km939+563.6 of the National Highway IA, and ending point atKm7+ 100 Tran Dai Nghia road. Total length of the road is 5.1km while cross section is24m.
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5.2 Identify potential environmental impacts in phase lb and phase 2
5.2.1 Environment impacts in site clearance stage
5.2.1.1 Socio-economic impactsSite clearance, land acquisition and resettlement will bring about some disorder to socio-economic life, security and traffic in the area.- Regarding local residents: Land acquisition will cause temporary or permanent impactson living, business and spirit of the households. The life of inhabitants will be disorderedwhen they have to move to another place due to the loss of relationships with theneighbors who will stay and the need for establishing new relationships at the new place.Land acquisition will also impact on their property and income of project affected people.However, they will receive assistance to recover their living standards and income asbefore. Changes in living and business environment will also lead to changes in people'soccupation. Mostly impacted will be the households that run small businesses, workers orpeople whose earnings much depend on the current living place. Moving to another placewill also much affect the children's study of affected households.- Regarding local authorities': site clearance will cause difficulties for local authorities instabilizing living, creating and arranging jobs for affected people. Population density inthe area will be changed, resulting in reducing the needs for domestic water supply,electricity, telephone etc.. Security and order will be impacted during the whole projectimplementation, especially during removal and site clearance. Arising will also newmanagement issues of land business and new houses' construction.
5.2.1.2 Air, noise and vibration impactsIn pre-construction period, the main air, noise and vibration impacts include:- Dust emitted during removal and demolition of houses, structures and clearing of
locations in the project area, and during the waste transportation to the landfill. As theactivities are carried out at normal speed, emission of dust is rather small and mainlyimpact on workers who are directly involved in such activities.
- Exhaust fumes from waste transportation means at clearance sites and air emissionfrom removing houses and auxiliary facilities. Because the houses locate at differentareas with not high density and the removing is conducted in a long time, the exhaustfume and air emission impact is insignificant. ,
- Odor and air emission from septic tanks and sewers destruction. The volume ofexhaust fume is not high and the impacts will last shortly only because the facilitieswill be cleaned before site clearance by Danang URENCO.
- Destruction and removal of houses and structures during site clearance mainly involveexcavators, bulldozers and manual work with medium concentration and are carriedout in the day time. In addition, most of the structures are too old. Therefore, theimpacts to community are inconsiderable.
5.2.1.3 Impacts to water environmentIn pre-construction stage, site clearing activities for drainage/sewerage construction,extension and construction of wastewater treatment plant and road; urban upgrading inthe LIAs may cause impacts to water environment as follows:- Activities to stop and change the flow for the construction of drainage and sewerage
may cause water stagnation or overflow, especially during rainy days, resulting inwater environment pollution and impacts to daily living of people by bad smell,
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- Destruction of old sewers and transportation of construction wastes will bring aboutincrease in turbidity of surface water and deposition in the area. Before construction,implementation agency need to cooperate with URENCO to check waste outlets andinlets in order to reduce the impacts to surface water;
- During site clearance, domestic wastewater of workers and households will be stuckand stagnate due to the destruction of sewer system. However, this wastewater load isnot high and will be collected to pump into the city's drainage system. The impactsare therefore inconsiderable.
5.2.1.4 Impacts to soil environment
Pre-construction activities can bring about destruction of surface ground top soil andvegetation cover. As the area of the destroyed top soil is large, a big amount of solidwastes such as domestic waste, construction waste etc. will be generated. However, thiskind of wastes will be transported to the defined location and the impacts to soilenvironment will be limited.
5.2.1.5 Other impactsDuring the conceptual and design period of the project, if the concepts or designs are notcorrect or have not carefully considered all possibilities that might happen in reality, theymay result in negative impacts during the construction and operation phases, making theproject investments less effective. Proposal for improvement of wastewater treatmentplants is an example; if a correct solution is proposed, it would contribute very much toenvironmental protection and improvement of the City in general, and the Han Riversystem and Danang Bay in particular. For proposals related to roads, scales of roads andtheir routes, location of bridges also play very important role in urban economic andtourist development of the City in future. Route proposals also very much influence thecompensation and construction costs of roads.During site clearance, obstacles made by the residents and delayed progress may lead toenvironmental problems. Moreover, it is necessary to look out for traffic accidents duringtransportation of wastes, materials and household tools; impacts on city landscape,impacts on local people's health; other impacts caused by construction, reparation of newhouses.
5.2.2 Environment impacts during construction stage
5.2.2.1 Environment impacts by component A - Urban upgrading
The main activities of urban tertiary infrastructure upgrading that cause impacts -toenvironment are as follows:- Upgrading, expanding road/alleys in LLAs.- Constructing public amusement place, health station, school.- Constructing water supply system, drainage system in small area.- Constructing infrastructure in resettlement sites for displaced and poor households.Urban upgrading activities will cause impacts by dust, construction material storage.traffic congestion and impacts on environment sanitation in the area. These impacts aretemporary and partial and mainly concentrate at the construction site area during theconstruction period.As the roads in these areas are narrow and there are a lot of alleys, in addition the densitypopulation is high, the above activities firstly impact on local traffic. Roads will benarrowed considerably and dust will arise due to construction/upgrading of road
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foundation, excavation of trenches for channel construction purpose or construction ofkindergartens, schools that will produce a large amount of construction wastes, whichtogether with material stored and machine and equipment concentrated by/on them.Impacts to traffic are less along wider roads/alleys. Traveling of residents will beobstructed during rush hours where concentrate social infrastructures such as school.market etc. and the impacts become more serious when flooding occurs due to heavy rainduring construction.Beside negative impacts caused to traffic, construction and upgrading of drainage systemwill impact on environment sanitation at the site and in surrounding areas. Drainagesystem may be temporarily interrupted for dredging or connecting to a new system whichwould cause flooding by wastewater or storm water, leading to increasing pollution bywastewater if the construction work takes a long time. This tendency increases in areaswhere the elevation is lower than the main road and the trunk drainage system operatespoorly. In summer, wastewater stagnancy will facilitate the development of pathogenousinsects that cause diseases such as petechial fever, malaria as well as emit offensive odor.If construction in carried out during rainy season, flooding by a mixture of wastewater.storm water and solid wastes is unavoidable for a number of low areas.Besides, some other impacts such as noise, dust during material transportation. vibrationdue to channel digging, power and water supply interruption, increasing volume of solidwaste etc. may also occur but their level is not high they can be mitigated by reasonableconstruction methods. Environment in LIAs has already been being polluted, duringconstruction the pollution situation therefore may possibly be much increased. All theabove will impact on the inhabitants' daily living and business activities. Retail activitiesat markets under upgrading and studying of pupils in the area could much be impacted;small business activities may have to change in order to correspond with new conditions.Changes to daily life in a long time could cause negative attitude within the community.In general, during construction period, urban upgrading activities in LIAs will impact ontraffic, environment sanitation, daily life, business activities etc. there. However, theseimpacts are temporary and could be mitigated by suitable, rational construction methodsand schedules together with other methods.
5.2.2.2 Environment impacts by component B -Environment management in City
5.2.2.2.1 Constructing storm water drainage system, wastewater collection andtreatment
a. Phase lb
Construction and rehabilitation of storm water drainage system and wastewater collectionwill be carried out along main roads. For storm water drainage, the work will mainly beconducted along the big road alongside the beach in the north of Son Tra district. It willalso include rehabilitation of the Phu Loc river catchment. Wastewater collectionpipelines will mainly be constructed along Cach Mang Thang 8 road and the Cam Le andthe Co Co rivers as well as along the southern bank of the Vinh Dien river and along-shore the beaches in Ngu Hanh Son and Cam Le districts.
* The sewerage system of Da Nang city was recommended to be divided into 5catchments namely Hoa Cuong, Phu Loc, Son Tra, Ngu Hanh Son, and Hoa Xuan-Hoa Quy.
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* In Phase lb the wastewater collection system in Cam Le, Son Tra and Lien Chieudistricts will be enlarged, household connections developded and pipelines to conveywastewater from Hoa Cuong WWTP to Hoa Xuan WWTP constructed.
- Regarding expansion of the wastewater system in Son Tra district. 2 sub-catchments of North-West Son Tra and North-East Son Tra will be collected toSon Tra WWTP for treatment.
- With regard to enlargement of the wastewater system in Cam Le district, sub-catchment CLI in the south of the Cam Le river willl be collected to Hoa XuanWWTP. Sub-catchment CL2 in the north of the river willl be collected to HoaXuan WWTP.
- For Son Tra district, collected wastewater from Nguyen Tat Thanh Road will bepumped into the channel along the Hoa Minh residential area, then into Phu LocWWTP.
* In terms of storm water drainage systems in Lien Chieu, Son Tra and Ngu HanhSon districts:- In Lien Chieu District, there are 3 main catchments of run-off water that will be
discharged into the Phu Loc river.- In Son Tra District, there are 4 catchments to be discharged into the Southchina
Sea through outlets CX1,216,25.- In Ngu Hanh Son District, the system comprises 2 main catchments that will be
discharged into the Southchina Sea through outlets CX26, 28.Land acquisition is mainly for pressure pumping stations. During construction, a bigamount of machines and equipment as well as materials and construction wastes will bein and out of the project area, causing increasing vehicle density at the site andsurrounding areas, resulting in obstacles to traffic. In some project's areas, where theroads are large with low vehicle density such as along Nguyen Tat Thanh road where astorm water drainage system will be constructed and Nguyen Van Thoai road where willbe carried out construction of a sewerage system, impacts to traffic is lower than in areaswith high population and traffic densities such as the Phu Loc River area and the areawith the sewer pipeline in Tho Quang ward to collect wastewater to Son Tra WWTP.However, in case a pipeline is crossing the roads, obstruction for traffic is unavoidable.The construction work at the roads will be implemented section by section with timelyreinstatement of road surface to ensure normal traffic. Appropriate measures should betaken to protect houses and public works froim damage while the drainage system is beingset up.In the area of upgrading some drainage systems in. Son Tra district, the roads are narrow
and unsuitable for heavy trucks, traffic congestion during the transportation of machines,equipment and materials will therefore be unavoidable.In areas where the road runs near the railway, any activities that encrouch the railwayprotection corridor or obstruct the train traffic need to be avoided.Because the construction work is carried out with not large depth (except wastewaterpump stations that will be constructed by standard methods), there risks of groundwaterpollution are low.
b. Phase 2The Hoa Xuan-Hoa Quy wastewater catchment includes Hoa Quy ward in Ngu Hanh Sondistrict, Hoa Xuan ward in Cam Le district, and Hoa Chau commune in Hoa Vang ruraldistrict. At present, it is an agriculture land area with a sparse population densitv.
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According to planning, this will be a new potential development area with several urbanand ecological areas.For Hoa Xuan WWTP, acquired will be an area of about 30ha of rice field andaquaculture ponds, which is far from residential areas, the main impact duringconstruction therefore will be traffic obstruction at materials and equipmenttransportation routes. However, these impacts would be mitigated by suitableconstruction plan. Besides, run-off water would affect to water quality of Do Toa river.Treated wastewater from the WWTP is to be of class II and discharged into the Do ToaRiver.Attention should be paid to the long sea outfalls for Phu Loc and Son Tra WWTPs.According to Danang DONRE, hydraulic calculations have to be thoroughly carried outto ensure that at the discharging points, quality of the treated wastewater diluted byseawater in Danang Bay shall always meet the standard TCVN 6986-2001: Industrialwastewater quality standards for discharging into coastal water body used for aquaticecosystem protection purpose. It is essential that the seawater quality in Danang Bay willbe carefully monitored. In case the wastewater discharged by the long sea outfalls causesnegatively impacts on environment, secondary WWTPs should be immediatelyconstructed.
5.2.2.2.2 Other impacts- Geological structure of Danang city could be divided into three areas in which most
of project areas are located within an agglomerative plain. Construction of largeworks such as WWTPs, roads could affect surrounding works if no properconstruction methods are applied. The impacts include cracking, subsidence or evencollapse of the works.
- Impact on plants in project area: These impacts are relatively minor because there isonly a small amount of flora and plants in areas with regulating lakes, storm waterand wastewater drainage systems and surrounding residential areas and they will bereplanted right after the project completion. Impacted will be mainly grass andagricultural vegetation cover as they will be destroyed during construction. Afterrehabilitation, ecological environment in the area, especially aquatic system will bechanged.
- Impacts on fauna in regulating lakes, drainage and sewerage systems are not soserious as the area of rehabilitated surface water is small, with poor fauna and no rareanimal.
- Social security and order would be changed because of large number of constructionworkers and materials, equipment and machines mobilized at construction sites.
5.2.2.3 Environment impacts by component C - Roads
5.2.2.3.1 Environmental impacts during construction of new roadsNew roads to be constructed include (1) Road from Nguyen Tri Phuong to Hoa Quy and(2) South city road.Sources of material exploitation/ supply are proposed as follow:- Rock is from Phuoc Tuong and Hoa Nhon rock mines in Hoa Vang District.- Sand is from Tuy Loan and Cau Do sand pits.- As for earth fill the soil pit at Quan Nam 1 Hamlet, Hoa Lien Commune Hoa Vang
District can be used.During construction of these roads, the main environmental impacts are as follows:
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- Changing in traffic habits of citizens from using private into public transportationmeans.
5.2.4 Impacts on cultural propertyDuring the surveys for the proposals of location and scale of project components, specialattention has been paid to impacts on cultural properties such as pagodas, temples.shrines and beauty spots. Such impacts can be reduced based on the selection ofreasonable technical options and consultation with affected communities.The two new roads may pass some areas with a number of graves; especially thecurrently proposed route of Nguyen Tri Phuong - Hoa Quy Road will cross 2 cemeteriesof Hoa Xuan and Hoa Quy wards. Compensation plans for relocation of graves must becarefully executed, especially public consultation must be well done to collect and satisfypublic demand and wishes.
5.3 Environment Management Plan (EMP)
5.3.1 Basis of EMP implementation
5.3.1.1 Administrative and legal framework- Ministry of National Resource and Environment (DONRE) is formed according to
Decision of Prime Minister on November 11, 2002. DONRE is the highest agencygenerally responsible for environment. Decree No. 91/2002/ND-CP dated November11, 2002 defines functions, duties, rights and organizations of MONRE.
- Danang DONRE is the environment management agency at city level which isresponsible for environment management and protection at city level. DanangEnvironment Protection Center belonging to DONRE is the professional agency inenvironmental protection aspect. Environment protection center has the duty ofinvestigation and monitoring environment quality in Danang city and recommendstechnical solutions for environmental protection.
- Institutions in Danang city which are responsible for management and operationinfrastructure projects are Drainage Company, Water Supply Company, URENCO.Department of Public Works and Transportation.
- Measures of environment safety of the project must conform to "Environmentprotection law" of Viet nam number 52/2005/QH1 1 ratified by the National Assemblyon 19/11/2005; Decree 80/2006/ND-CP dated on 09 August 2006 of the Governmentstipulating detaily and guiding on implementation of some clause in the Law onEnvironmental Protection. Environment safety measures of the project must be alsocompliant with "safety policies" of the WB.
- The current legal document system of Vietnam in environmental protection will bebasis for assessment of environment pollution and violation of environment safetycorridor
5.3.1.2 Implementation of EMPImplementation of EMP for DN-PIIP shall conform to regulations of Vietnam and WB.Organizations participating in EMP of the project are as follows:- Danang PIIPs is the key agency contacting with relevant agencies at national, city and
local levels. Danang PIIPs will carry out EMP together with DONRE. Danang PulPswould designate 1-2 environmental staffs to take charge of monitoring, managing andimplementing the objectives of EMP.
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- Volume of excavated and backfilling soil and stones is very huge. Only small portion ofbackfilling materials could be taken in-situ. The remaining must be brought from otherplaces. So, during construction, a number of materials transporting trucks will bemobilized causing increase of vehicle density on roads, leading to traffic jam and risks oftraffic accidents, especially at junctions. Dust, scattered/spilled sand and soil, exhaustfumes and noise would much increase along the roads and badly affect people's healthand living. Proposed material transportation routes are as follows:+ Sand will be transported along the Han River to construction area.+ Rock from Phuoc Tuong and Hoa Nhon rock pits will be transported by 3 ways. Thefirst one is along the Highway No 14, crossing Cam Le Bridge and then along the roadsby the river banks. The second one is along Nguyen Tri Phuong Road and the last one isfrom the north to Le Van Hien - Tran Dai Nghia Road.When there is a heavy rain, it causes erosion, resulting in increasing turbidity in surfacewaters at both roadsides, especially at the road sections crossing the Vinh Dien River andCam Le river, which could make the rivers polluted.The construction of new roads results in the loss of agricultural land, thereby affectsoccupation structure.
5.2.2.3.2 Environmental impact due to rehabilitation of urban roadsIn case of urban road upgrading in the inner city, it could cause minor impacts as follows:
* Traffic jam and the need for the traffic to be re-organized in the project area duringconstruction;* Dust, fumes and noise generated during construction;* Construction of drainage system and sidewalks will affect traffic in the area. Thedrainage system function could be temporarily interrupted.
5.2.3 Environment impacts during management and operation stageActivities in management and operation stage after the project is completed includemanagement and supervision of resettlement houses, drainage, water supply andsanitation infrastructure; operation and maintenance of pumping stations, WWTPs, GIDs;operation and maintenance of roads, bus stops etc.. Impacts in this phase would be asfollows:- At resettlement areas and LIAs, tertiary infrastructure is improved.- Increase of migration from other areas resulting in an increase of social evils in the
areas whose infrastructure has been improved.- Change of land price and choices in socio-economic development.- Impacts caused by activities at WWTPs such as: sludge collection, transport and
treatment as well as their effluents (mitigated by technical solution such as long seaoutfall etc.).
- Toxic gas from sludge due to anaerobic decomposition at manholes and maintenanceand dredging of drainage systems every year.
- Exhaust fumes and pollutants due to leakage and spillage from dredging trucks andsludge and material transportation means.
- Sludge turbulence in drainage systems during their cleaning, dredging will impactsurface water.
- Sludge from maintenance process of channels, regulating lakes and drains.- Changes in flood prevention activities in project areas.- Forming of residential areas and development of services along the proposed roads
and at the bus stops.
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- Due to huge amount of work related to the EMW implementation which is highlyprofessional, the PIIP-PMU has insufficient capability to complete it independently.During project implementation, the PMU therefore should hire a local environmentalconsultant firm to assist them in implementing the EMP. The environmentalconsultant will have tasks as follows: (1) Guide capacity improvement forconstruction supervising consultants in supervising the conformation to EMP ofcontractors; (2) Guide community environmental supervision and management.especially with works of Components A; (3) monitor project general environmentalimpact parameters; and (4) Set up environmental training programme to bring intoComponent D.
- Together with Danang PIIPs, construction, management and operation contractors ofthe project are also responsible for monitoring environment quality during period ofconstruction or operation of their components and they must conform to requirementsin EMP, mitigation measures, terms and conditions and commitments in the contracts.
5.3.2 Mitigation measures
5.3.2.1 Mitigation measures in pre-constructionThe biggest environment impact in construction preparation stage is mainly caused due toland acquisition and resettlement activities. The project is designed on the basis oflimiting land acquisition to the maximum to avoid involuntary resettlement by selectingmost optimal design options. Construction locations and methods are so recommended asto minimize impacts to residential areas and cultural works. The above are to reduce costof. land acquisition and avoid violation of sensitive areas in cultural and mental lives oflocal residents.Construction contractors must strictly ensure labour safety. Mine detection activities atconstruction sites must strictly conform to safety principles. Authorized agencies willsurvey hazardous/toxic substances inside and near project area. Medical staff shouldalways be at sites to give timely first aid in case of accidents. It is necessary to raisefences and warning signs at construction sites.
5.3.2.2 Mitigation measures in construction perioda. Mitigation measures of impacts due to urban upgrading- Impacts to traffic: Roads at construction areas are quite narrow and there are a
number of alleys. In additions, the population density is high. Therefore, urbanupgrading activities firstly affect the local traffic. Recommended mitigation measuresfor the impacts include: rational construction schedule and limiting any delay, usingtransportation means with suitable sizes, using durable steel/woody plates astemporary bridges for pedestrians over channels or drainage trenches underconstruction; lighting up the construction sites or material storage sites in night time.avoiding construction activities in rush hours especially at locations near schools ormarkets as they are very crowded.
- Impacts to environment: Besides negative impacts on traffic, construction andupgrading of drainage system also affect environment sanitation at the sites and areasnearby. So temporary drainage must work properly to avoid wastewater stagnancy attheir upstream. Besides, pumps must be used during heavy rain at newly occurringflooding areas.
- Air environment impacts such as noise, fumes and dust must be mitigated becauseconstruction areas are often crowded. Construction wastes such as sfudge. soil,
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stones, bricks etc. could not be stored for long time at construction sites. They mustbe transported to disposal sites at the soonest. During the time they are stored atconstruction sites, they must be watered or covered. Contractors must arrangeconstruction time rationally to limit construction activities with big noises andvibration during 10 pm-7 am. All equipment used for construction must beperiodically maintained. Transportation means must be frequently cleaned to limitdust during transportation of materials or wastes from and to construction sites andthey must also be covered to avoid any spillage.
b. Mitigation measures of impacts due to Environment management items:
Construction of environment management items should be carried out in dry season tomitigate water environment pollution and flooding.
Drainage system, wastewater collection and treatment items:
Construction of these items mainly causes negative impacts to traffic, air pollution.increasing turbidity of surface waters and noise. For crowded roads such as NguyenPhan Vinh, Nguyen van Thoai etc., construction must be conducted section by sectionwith immediate road surface reinstatement after completion, limiting constructionactivities in order to keep the roads clear in rush hours, and preventing erosion duringthe rain. For construction areas near the railway, mobilization of materials, staffs,equipment and machines must be properly arranged to avoid railway accidents.Routes for and sizes of sludge and waste transportation means must also beconsidered because the roads to construction sites are narrow and often congested inrush hours. If construction is done at night, contractor must light up the constructionsite so that it is easy to recognize. Transportation means must be covered and cleanedbefore leaving construction sites; transport routes must be watered everyday to reducedust. Temporary drainage and flow diversion should be used. For low areas, it isnecessary to keep pumps ready for use to limit stagnant wastewater.Besides, other solutions to limit negative impacts include: restoration of the flora byplanting trees right after construction to recover the landscape; compliance with laborsafety measures everywhere at any time to avoid the risk of labor accidents; securityand order in the area needs to be strengthened during construction period byenhancing vigilant awareness and co-operation between contractors, local authoritiesand the communities. In additions, it is needed to prepare labor regulations forconstruction workers to minimize social issues due to large number of workers inproject area. Environmental sanitation at workers' tents and construction sites must becleaned well after construction to ensure good view. Keeping the environmentsurrounding construction sites clean much contributes to limiting infectious diseasessuch as the ones caused by mosquitoes and insects. Water for construction must beused properly to minimize clean water shortage in residential area in the future. Whenall above measures are carried out properly and adequately, impacts to lives andbusinesses of communities will much be limited.
Mitigation measures of impacts due to Component C - Roads:
- Because construction sites of roads are large and stretch across various areas, themajor impacts during the construction are impacts on traffic, generated dust atconstruction sites or surrounding areas, and erosion causing turbidity increase insurface waters nearby. The mitigation measures include rational routes and schedulesof construction means based on the existing traffic conditions to avoid traffic jams
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and to timely respond to them. Near construction sites, traffic routes should beseparated, especially at construction sites near main crossroads with high density ofvehicles; or at some narrow roads nearby the construction sites. Transportation meansof construction materials or backfilling materials must be well covered. They must befrequently cleaned especially in dry season. Besides, burning waste, bitumen atconstruction sites near residential areas should be limited to avoid unnecessary smokedispersion. In additions, soil erosion causing turbidity increase in surface waters alongthe road must be minimized by proper solutions. Although these impacts areunavoidable, they are not so serious during construction period and will disappearduring operation period.
- Urban road upgrading, rehabilitation and construction mainly cause minor andtemporary impacts such as traffic jam and a need for reorganizing traffic in theconstruction area; dust, smoke and noise; affecting traffic of the communities in thearea; interruption of drainage system in short time. Solving these impacts are rathereasy by avoiding construction in rush hours and at night after l0pm: minimizingnumber of roads to be constructed at the same time (for an area, just one road shouldconstructed in a certain period) to make the traffic clear; selection of suitabletransporttation means. The Contractor must keep the light at night and raise warningsigns and fences at the sites where needed for pedestrians and transportation meansnot to fall into manholes and trenches under construction. During traffic jam, staff of K
contractor should guide and control the traffic.
5.3.3 Environment monitoring plan
5.3.3.1 Objectives and contentThe environment monitoring plan for Da Nang PIIP is to collect information aboutenvironment quality changes by project implementation to find bad impact and proposeprevention and mitigation methods. On the other hand, environment monitoring helpsensure the project safe operation.Information collected during monitoring process has to ensure the following basicattributes:- Fidelity of data: evaluated by similarity between data and reality. Difference between
data and reality should be limited.- Specific of data: it means that collected data at monitoring point should represent
certain area.- Homogeneousness of data: data collected at various places in various times must be
able to compare with each other. Comparison ability of data is called datahomogeneousness.
- Possibility of continuous monitoring.- Comprehensiveness of data: it means that the data should comprise comprehensive
and sufficient information about themselves and other related factors.
Monitoring content includes:Monitoring in an EMP consists of 2 activities i.e. monitoring environment impacts andimplementation of mitigation measures.- Monitoring environment impacts: identifying environment impacts in the project
areas.- Monitoring environment impact mitigation measures: identifying effectiveness of
mitigation methods proposed in the EMP.
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Content of the PIIP's environment quality monitoring plan includes:- Monitoring affected subjects (economic, cultural and social environment).- Monitoring natural environment (air, water, ecological environment).
5.3.3.2 Monitoring affected subjectsMonitoring and assessment during land acquisition and post-resettlement phase are toensure that land acquisition and resettlement have been carried out in compliance withdetailed regulations and guidelines in the approved resettlement plan. Monitoringregularly provides continuous information for stakeholders on implementation situation.This helps evaluate the actual ability of success and arising issues when possible to taketimely adjustment measures.PRA tool will be used during the survey. Monitoring will be carried out based on samplesize, which can be 100% of households that have to remove and heavily affectedhouseholds and at least 10% of the remaining households.Main monitoring objectives are:- Implementation of compensation payments for differi-ntly affected subjects according
to compensation policy described in RP.- Activities related to technical assistance, removal, allowance payment and supports
during removal.- Recovering income source and executing the right of being entitled to the restoration.- Information dissemination and public consultation.- Fol.owing complaint procedure, existing issues to be taken into consideration in
management.- Affected people have priority to the proposed options.- Progress of land acquisition.Post-resettlement evaluation will be carried out within 6 to 12 months after completion ofresettlement activities.Units that take part in monitoring including both internal monitoring and independentmonitoring have the responsibility to supervise, evaluate and periodically report onactivities related to land acquisition.All monitoring activities related to affected subjects including operation expenditure willbe developed in detail in the project's resettlement policy framework and resettlementplan.
5.3.3.3 Monitoring environment quality in construction phaseBased on the characteristics and features of the project components as well as proposedlocation, the environment consultant has proposed an air and water environment qualitymonitoring program for construction phase of the project including sampling location.monitoring duration and frequency, and environment parameters to be monitored.
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Table 9. Proposed monitoring plan in construction phaseNo I Location Reasons for monitoring Parameter Frequency
Air quality
I At 10 upgraded LIAs, 1-2 Impacts are caused by SO2, CO, Oncesamples at each LIA, total 14 construction of LIAs NO2, Pb every 6stations (particulate months or
Samples shall be taken at least and gas), when atwice per day in rush hour and in TSP, noise, complaintnormal hour at each station traffic arises
2 At upgraded drainage and Construction of Nguyen Tri frequencysewage pipelines, Nguyen Tri Phuong to Hoa Qui road, SouthPhuong - Hoa Quy road and city roadSouth road, total 26 stations
Samples shall be taken at leasttwice per day in rush hour and innormal hour at each station
Water quality
3 24 stations, at Hoa Minh canal, Construction of South city road pH, SS, Onceposition of proposed bridges and DO, every 6pipelines crossing rivers, next to BOD5, months orLIas, Da nang bay and Da nang COD, when acoast Total N, complaint
Samples shall be taken in both Total P. arisesflood tide and ebb tide Total oil,
Total
Coliform
Sediment quality
3 3 stations, at Hoa Minh canal and Construction of Hoa Minh and Pb, Cu, Zn, OnceHo tay canal Ho Tay canal Cd, Hg, every 6
Cr6+, total mnP, total N months
The location of sampling is presented in figure 4.The total samples during construction phase is 480 samples. in which total of air samplesis 264, surface .water is 192 and 24 sediment samples. The environment qualitymonitoring cost calculated according to current sample analysis price that stipulated inCircular No 83/2002/TT-BTC dated September 25, 2002 of Ministry of Financial is about49,650 USD (in which air quality and noise monitoring: 33,000 USD, water qualitymonitoring: 14,400 USD and sludge quality monitoring: 2,250 USD).
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5.3.3.4 Monitoring environment quality in operation phaseMost of environment quality monitoring work in the project operation phase
focuses on locations that receive wastewater from outlets of WWTPs, outlets of trunkdrainage systems of the city and new roads. The monitoring will be carried out duringnext 2 year after completion of each phase. Monitoring shall be carried out during next 2years in operation phases.
Table 10. Proposed monitoring plan in operation phase
- No Location Parameter Frequency
- I 16 surface water samples, at cu De pH, SS, DO, BOD5, COD, every 6river, Danang Bay, Hoa Minh canal, Total N, Total P, Total oil, months.Cam Le river, Do Toa river, Han Total Coliformriver, Danang coast
Samples shall be taken in both floodtide and ebb tide
2 4 air samples at Nguyen Tri Phuong S02, CO, NO2, Pb (particulate every 6- Hoa Quy road and South city road and gas), TSP, noise, traffic months.
Samples shall be taken at least twice frequencyper day in rush hour and in normalhour at each station
The location of sampling is presented in figure 5.The total samples during construction phase is 160 samples, in which total of air samplesis 32, surface water is 128. The environment quality monitoring cost calculated accordingto current sample analysis price that stipulated in Circular No 83/2002/TT-BTC datedSeptember 25, 2002 of Ministry of Financial is about 13,600 USD (in which air qualityand noise monitoring: 4,000 USD, water quality monitoring: 9,600 USD).
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5.4 Participation of community in environment managementCommunity participation in environment protection, especially their support in the
project areas in Da Nang city will much contribute to success for the project.Propagation, mobilization and encouragement of community participation in environmentprotection activities should be carried out regularly in all phases of the project.
Participation of community in environment management is implemented throughenvironment consultation activities and information dissemination.
Community in the project area will be provided with full information about:- Project activities (purpose, location, time, role and duty of the project participation
objects etc.,).- Socio-economic and environment benefits when the project is put into operation.- Impacts to natural and social environment; mitigation methods; environment
management program.- Confirming of high safety by technical solutions that will be applied.- Making people realize about the importance of contributing in environment
management or timely reporting about environment issues in the project operationprocess.All the community's opinions during project implementation will be recorded and
timely dealt with by the project implementation units and environment managementagency. Community can directly or indirectly take part in management as well asmonitoring environment through meetings or letters.
5.5 Capacity buildingCapacity building training for officers on environment issues projec is necessary to
ensure environmental sustainability. Environment specialists will coordinate withenvironment management specialists of DONRE in training for PMU staffs, constructioncontractors and other stakeholders (representatives of taking-over, management andoperation units, representatives of community) on:
- Objectives and necessity of the project EMP; environment activities in variousphases of the project.
- Standards, regulations on environment and applied impact mitigation methods.- Role and duty of organizations, related units in the project.- Organization and environment management methods of the project.- Support and monitoring operation proposed in EMP.
Contents of the EMP need to be disseminated to construction and operation staffs andworkers as well as local residents.
Detailed training plan includes training objectives, subjects and content; organizationand implementation method as well as fund which will be developed in detailedenvironment impact assessment report.
5.6 EMP implemientation cost
5.6.1 Pre-construction and construction phaseCost for supervision of affected objects was calculated in the resettlement policyframework report. Therefore it will not be mentioned again. The EMP cost in this partjust include:
- Training cost for improving environment management capacity, informationdissemination activities and environment inquiry (package - planned): 12,500USD;
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