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Das PerfektPatternsin the
Present-Perfect TenseFrom “Schaum’s Outline of German Grammar” Second Editionby Elke F. Gschossmann-Hendershot (McGraw-Hil, Inc., 1983)
Review of Weak VerbsO Regular Weak –
O Conjugate haben or sein and then place the past participle at the end of the sentence.
O Past Participle = “ge” + the third person singular form of the verb.
O NOTE: There are sometimes exceptions to these rules.
Some ExceptionsO Weak verbs that end in –
ieren do NOT get a “ge-” at the beginning of the past participle.
Infinitive Past Participle
studieren studiert
probieren probiert
telefonieren telefoniert
More ExceptionsO Verbs with the following
prefixes do NOT take an additional “ge-” prefix in the past participle either.
O Notice these are prefixes of inseparable verbs.
be- emp-ent-ge-
ver-ze
r-
Not always a “t” endingO If the stem of a regular weak verb
ends in t, d, and sometimes an n, then you add an –et to the past participle.Infinitive Meaning Past
Participle
arbeiten to work gearbeitet
reden to talk geredet
regnen to rain geregnet
öffnen to open geöffnet
haben OR seinO The helping verb is usually “haben.”O Intransitive Verbs (verbs that do not
take a direct object) use “sein.”O Such verbs usually denote a change
of location or condition.O CAUTION: Some verbs can be used
either transitively (which includes a direct object, thus using haben as the auxiliary verb), or intransitively (as described above).
Examples of Intransitive Verbs
Infinitive Meaning Past Participle
begegnen to meet ist begegnet
klettern to climb ist geklettert
reisen to travel ist gereist
rennen to run ist gerannt
wandern to wander/hike ist gewandert
In this presentation and in many textbook tables, an intransitive verb is denoted by the verb “ist” in front of the past participle.
IR-regular Weak Verbs
O Similar to regular weak verbs.
O However, there is a change in the past stem.
O NOTE: There are sometimes exceptions to these rules.
IR-regular Weak Verbs
Infinitive Meaning Past Participle
bringen to bring gebracht
denken to think gedacht
brennen to burn gebrannt
kennen to know: familiar with
gekannt
nennen to name genannt
senden to send gesandt
wissen to know: a fact gewusst
Strong VerbsO The past participle of strong
verbs is prefixed by ge- (except if the verb already begins
with an inseparable prefix) and ends in –en.
O Some are regular strong verbs (no stem change).
O Others are irregular strong verbs (stem changes).
Regular Strong VerbsInfinitive Meaning Past Participle
backen to bake gebacken
essen to eat gegessen
fahren to drive, go (ist) gefahren
fallen to fall (ist) gefallen
fangen to catch gefangen
fressen to eat: what animals do
gefressen
geben to give gegeben
Notice the extra “g” in the past participle of “essen.”
Regular Strong VerbsInfinitive Meaning Past Participle
graben to dig
halten to hold
kommen to come
lassen to let
laufen to run
lesen to read
messen to measure
schlafen to sleep
Guess the past participle of these regular strong verbs.
Regular Strong Verbs
Infinitive Meaning Past Participle
schlagen to hit
sehen to see
tragen to carry, wear
treten to step
vergessen to forget
wachsen to grow
waschen to wash
Guess the past participle of these regular strong verbs.
Irregular Strong VerbsO Many strong verbs change their stem
vowels in the past participle.O They may be grouped with similar
vowel changes in order to help you learn them faster.
Changes from ei to ieInfinitive Meaning Past Participle
bleiben to stay
leihen to loan
scheinen to shine, to seem
schreiben to write
schreien to scream
schweigen to be silent
steigen to climb
Changes from ei to iInfinitive Meaning Past Participle
beißen to bite
leiden to suffer
reiten to ride
schneiden to cut
Changes from ie to oInfinitive Meaning Past Participle
biegen to bend
fliegen to fly
fliehen to flee
fließen to flow
frieren to freeze
riechen to smell
schließen to shut, lock
verlieren to lose
wiegen to weigh
ziehen to pull
Changes from au to oInfinitive Meaning Past Participle
saufen to drink: what animals do
Changes from i to uInfinitive Meaning Past Participle
binden to bind
finden to find
singen to sing
sinken to sink
springen to jump
stinken to stink
trinken to drink
Changes from i to oInfinitive Meaning Past Participle
beginnen to begin
gewinnen to win
schwimmen to swim
Changes from i to eInfinitive Meaning Past Participle
bitten to ask
sitzen to sit
Changes from e to oInfinitive Meaning Past Participle
brechen to break
empfehlen to recommend
heben to lift
helfen to help
nehmen to take
sprechen to speak
stehlen to steal
sterben to die
treffen to meet
werfen to throw
Changes from e to aInfinitive Meaning Past Participle
gehen to go
stehen to stand
Changes from u to aInfinitive Meaning Past Participle
tun to do
Verbs with Separable Prefixes
Prefix Meaning
ab off, down
an at, on
auf up, open
aus out
ein into, in
fort away
heim home
her toward speaker
hin away from speaker
O If the prefix of a verb is separable, then the “ge” goes between the prefix and the stem in the past participle.
Prefix Meaning
mit with, along
nach after
nieder down
vor before
weg away
zu to, close
zurück back
zusammen
together