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Data Acess From Interent

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    Objectives/Agenday

    what is data?y data formats used on the Web

    y finding data

    y downloading data

    y using that data

    y

    working with downloaded datay distributing data

    y data quality issues

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    Defining Datay data is here defined as statistical information

    generally stored in a database or analyzed andoutput in a variety of formats

    y data results from research, studies, surveys anddata collection efforts

    y data can be found on the Web in a variety of

    formatsy as raw data (as in databases or spreadsheets) ory as processed data in the form of tables, graphs and maps

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    How Are Data Made Available?yNarrative - reports

    y tables

    y databases (possibly

    including documentation)y raw data

    y figures and graphs

    y Comma or tab delimited

    y maps

    y multiple formats

    (including facts)y metadata

    y questionnaires

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    What File Formats Are Being Used?y ASCII, HTML, DOC, XLS or WKS

    y PDF, EXE, MTW (Minitab), DAT

    y many others from graphic formats to GIS formats to

    database formats

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    Explanations of File Extensionsy ASCII - plain text with no boldings or control

    characters

    y HTML - HyperText Markup Language format

    y usually tablesy DOC - Microsoft Word format

    y RTF - Rich Text Format (output from MS Word)

    y PDF - Adobe (proprietary)

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    Database and Spreadsheety DBF - Dbase format

    y used by dBASE III, dBASE I, Vfoxbase, Foxpro

    y Quattro - database format

    y Paradox - database formaty XLS - Microsoft Excel spreadsheet format

    y WKS - Lotus 123 spreadsheet format

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    File Extensions, continued...y EXE - an executable file which you click on and

    the file opens up the compressed data into a formatyou can use

    y MTW - Minitab format

    y DAT files are basically text files formatted for usewith SAS and contain data only

    y uuencoded

    y TAR - tar files (UNIX) -several files compactedand output as one file

    y

    ZIP - zipped

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    Common Graphics Formatsy BMP - bitmap file format

    y GIF - Graphical Interchange Format

    y JPG - Joint Photographic Experts Group (after group

    which created the standard)y TIF - another graphics format

    y WMF (Windows Metafont)

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    GIS Formatsy *.TAB - MapInfo

    y *.GCM - Geo Concepty *.AGF - Atlas GIS/Pro

    y

    *.E00 - Arc/Infoy *.DXF - AutoCAD

    y *.MIF/*.MID - ArcView

    y *.MIF/*.MID, *.DXF - Maptitudey *.BNA - Atlas Mapmaker

    y *.BNA - MapViewer

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    Production Mediumybits and bytes

    ypaper (e.g., summary data: press releases, memos,reports)

    y HTML

    y 9 track tapes

    y cartridges

    y CD-ROMSyNote: formats go out of fashion as new technology

    comes along

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    Standardsy will establishing standards help the problem of too many

    formats?

    y yes, no, maybe

    y

    we still need to deal with the data which has already beenproduced

    y new formats are being developed all the time

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    Standards, continued...y knowing which format the data is in helps IF we know

    how to use that format

    y knowing how to move from one format to another is also

    useful

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    Finding Data

    Wh D Y Fi dD t th

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    Where Do You Find Data on the

    Web?y Government at all levels

    y Foundations and Think Tanks

    y Pharmaceutical companies

    y Disease specific Associations (e.g., American HeartAssociation)

    y Textbooks, Reports and other documents

    y other sites - search on: health data

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    Use Search Engines to Find Datay robots which search across the entire Web

    y use the term: health data to turn up quite a few Websites

    y use site specific search engines to locate information

    within one site

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    Use Guidesy guides are hierarchical arrangements of Websites usually

    organized by subject

    y several very good sites on statistics appear on the Web

    P f tt dD t (T bl

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    Preformatted Data (Tables or

    Figures)y this is often data which is requested time and time again

    y e.g., Bureau of Labor Statistics -http://stats.bls.gov/top20.html and http://146.142.4.24/cgi-

    bin/surveymost?bls

    y e.g., White House Briefing Room

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    Interactivityy look for sites which enable you to retrieve data

    according to your needs

    y usually searchable databases where you type in the

    population and variables you want data ony sites which enable you to retrieve data according to

    your needs are most often found at government sites

    such as at CDC WONDER

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    Downloading Data -

    Graphicsy click on the image with right mouse button | then save file

    to disk

    y insert graphics into your document with the sourceinformation appended

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    HTML Tablesy go to a Website which has an HTML table

    y In Netscape: File | Save as File (in HTML format)y Netscape will save the whole page

    y delete out what you dont want

    y In Excel: File | Open File | change file format usingdown arrow | click on file

    y Excel will turn the page from HTML to aspreadsheet

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    ASCII Texty copy and paste

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    Excel (XLS) Filesy click on file and either open, view and save the file, OR

    click on the file and save directly to disk

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    Word Tables or Figuresy for tables, copy and paste; for figures, click once to select,

    then Edit | Copy | Edit | Paste

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    Databasesy will depend on the database format and whether you can

    search the database for information

    y or download the data in tab- or comma-delimited format

    PDF Moving Tables and

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    PDF - Moving Tables and

    Graphs into Office 97y what you can and cannot do

    y you can bring a PDF table or graph into Word andPowerPoint

    y you can make the graph or table larger or smaller

    y you cannot edit the contents of the graph

    y a PDF document created from Word cannot be convertedback into Word

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    Moving Tables from PDF...y open the Adobe Viewer and the document you wish to

    view

    y highlight the text or graphic

    y

    from the Tools menu, select Select Graphics

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    Moving Tables from PDF...y the cursor changes to a cross-hair

    y draw a rectangle around the text or graphic by clickingonce in the upper left-hand corner of the text and drawingat a diagonal to the other corner

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    Moving Tables from PDF...y click on Edit | Copy, switch to the receiving document

    and hit Edit | Paste

    y the selected material is copied as a WMF (WindowsMetaFont) graphic

    y note the WMF is a space hog

    y change the format to GIF or JPG using a graphics programlike Paint Shop Pro

    UuencodedData -What todowith

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    Uuencoded Data What to do with

    it?y data sent to you in uuencoded format needs to be

    uudecoded

    y format is uudecode FILENAME.EXT (the file name isoften in caps)

    y sometimes the uudecoding doesnt work

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    Raw Datay Information that has not been organized, formatted, or

    analyzed

    y raw data can be imported into SPSS if its organized incolumns

    y import tab and comma delimited ASCII files into Excel aswell

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    Other Formatsybinary - A format for representing data used by some

    applications including EXE files and numerical data

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    Retrieving Data through FTPy some sites make their data available on anonymous

    (public) FTP subdirectoriesy you FTP to the site, log in as anonymous, give your login

    address as your password, locate the file, select it and havethe server send you the data

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    Retrieving Data via Gophery use a gopher menu or gopher on your browser to burrow

    down the menu to get the data you wanty when you reach the data it will be in ASCII format (most

    of the time)

    y Gopher format on the Web:gopher://site.address.edu/subdirectory/subdirectory/filename.ext

    HTTPingData to YourDesktop, or,

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    HTTPing Data to Your Desktop, or,

    Get Data from a Web Sourcey look at Excel Help for Get data from a Web Source

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    Using Data

    So, Now We Have the Data,

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    , ,

    Now What?y What tools can we use?

    y Excel

    y Access

    y Statistical Software

    y other software

    OneExample ofConvertingData from

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    One Example of Converting Data from

    One Format to Anothery you may need to convert a tab or comma delimited file to

    Excely in Excel, use the Import command: File | Open | Type of

    File | Text Files | select file you wish to import (double-

    click)y the Text Import Wizard will help you specify into which

    column you want to put your text

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    File Translation Utilityy DataImport Version 5 - $189/single user

    y http://www.spaldingsoft.com/di/dataimpt.htmypulls data from virtually any computer report and converts

    it into nearly 40 spreadsheet and database formatsy e.g., conversion of hospital financial and admissions data for

    analysis

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    What is an Excel Web Query?y A query that can retrieve data from several locations

    y Internet (World Wide Web)

    y Intranet

    y Hard drive

    y using HTTP, FTP, Gopher

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    Web Queries -Basic Processy open a new workbook in Excel

    y create a Web query or use an existing queryy queries are located in the Queries folder on your installation

    disk

    y you may need to install them

    y activate MS Internet Explorer / NetscapeCommunicator

    y connect to the Internet through your ISP

    y run the query

    y

    examine the data

    Create Your Own Web Query (.iqy)

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    y qy

    filesy open a new workbook in Excel

    y you can create your own Web Queries

    y read the Excel Help Documentation to get details

    y

    look under Web Queries, then Create a Web Query

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    Quality Issues

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    Data Qualityy how do you evaluate the quality of data on a site?

    y consider who is the author (government agency?pharmaceutical company, interested layperson, who?)

    yis complete documentation available?y variables defined and located on media

    y is the data in a format you can easily used?

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    Data Quality, continued...y How current is the data?

    y is the source of the data made clear?

    y what is the sample size?

    y weighting and other statistical necessities?

    y is it easily transported to a statistical package such as EpiInfo, SAS, SPSS?

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    Data Quality, continued...y what format is the data in? AND do you have the

    hardware to work with the datay 9-track tape? Is the tape medium old or has it been

    refreshed? Old tapes sometime cause data loss when you try

    to read them

    y cartridge?

    y CD-ROM?

    y why was the data collected?

    y Does the data collected reflect real life

    Data Quality -Role of

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    Documentation and Metadatay documentation helps the viewer of the data understand

    how the data was created and how to use ity metadata is data about the data

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    Distributing Data

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    Making Data Availabley email attachments

    y Web using Excel and HTML

    y diskette and Zip cartridges

    y

    CD-ROM

    Convert an Excel Spreadsheet to

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    HTMLy File | Save as HTML

    y the HTML wizard will appear and will ask you tospecify a range of cells and charts to convert

    y

    you decide if you wish to create a whole new HTMLpage or just a table which is then inserted into anotheHTML page

    y tell Excel where you want to put the filey then click Finish

    Really Easy Distribution of Data via

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    Emaily data can be sent as ASCII text in the body of an email

    or in other formats as attachmentsypeople can create data in one format but might have to

    change it to another format to send it over the Internety e.g., create a graph in Excel and send in a uuencoded format

    or as an attachment

    y attachments are preferred to uuencoding a filey unless you know the secret of uudecoding the file, how can

    you retrieve the graph?


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