Data Analysis in the Cx Process - BCxA · M&V Options Whole Facility Measurement Boundary Motors +...

Data Analysis in the Cx ProcessBuilding Commissioning with Smart-meter Data: A Data Analysis Demonstration

Ryan Stroupe, PG&E Pacific Energy CenterWilliam E. Koran, PE, SBW Consulting

AIA Quality Assurance

The Building Commissioning Association is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of the Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request.

This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.

Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

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Learning Objectives

SPEAKERS: Learning Objectives must indicate what attendees will “do” (not simply “understand”or “learn”) with your information. Read About Learning Objectives Required for AIA Continuing Education Credit: www.aia.org/education/providers/AIAB040189?dvid=&recspec=AIAB040189

At the end of this session participants will be able to:

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1. process smart meter data to identify different operational modes, energy-savings potential and scheduling opportunities.

2. calculate typical-year energy-savings from EBCx projects.3. create clear graphic representations of data that illustrate

specific Cx opportunities.4. utilize specific tools to acquire, re-sample and filter data.

o Introductions and participant survey o Overview, measurement & verification basics o Excel applications o Energy Charting and Metrics (ECAM) demonstration o Universal Translator (UT3) demonstration o Questions and wrap-up

Session Agenda

4

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

20 40 60 80 100 120

kW

OSA Temperature

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Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2011

Percentage of U.S. Electric Customers with AMIAMI = Advanced Metering Infrastructure

• Allow faster recording rate than traditional utility meters.• Periodically transmits reads via a dedicated radio frequency (RF) network back to utility. • Website used for data access.• Electric Smart Meters

• Typically record hourly data• Can request faster recording rate

• Natural Gas Smart Meters• Typically record daily data• Can request faster recording rate

Smart Meters

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• Diagnose building performance issues• Calculate load factor• Understand operational patterns• Verify demand response activities• Quantify energy savings

Smart Meter Data Analysis Applications

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

12:00 AM 2:00 AM 4:00 AM 6:00 AM 8:00 AM 10:00 AM 12:00 PM 2:00 PM 4:00 PM 6:00 PM 8:00 PM 10:00 PM 12:00 AM

kW

April 17, 2001 Spring day

Series1 Series2 Series3 Series4

Total power

Miscellaneous & transformer

Site and interior lighting

Chiller

PEC Demand Analysis (Pre-data) Year: 2000

Interval Energy/Climate Data Scatter Plot 1

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0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Ener

gy C

onsu

mpt

ion

(kW

h)

Temperature

Meter 1 - kWh vs Temp (Sept 1st 2013 - Aug 31st 2014)

Interval Energy/Climate Data Scatter Plot 2

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y = 0.3037x2 - 48.891x + 2035.5R² = 0.8853

y = 0.294x2 - 40.692x + 1537.9R² = 0.0156

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80

Ther

ms

OSA Temp

Daily Avg OSA Temp vs. Daily Therm Use

Spaceheating

non-spaceheating

Poly.(Spaceheating)

Poly. (non-spaceheating)

Load Factor

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kWh

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 0:00

kWh

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 0:00

High load factor Low load factor

A measure of the utilization of capacity, measured as a percentage.

85% 50%

Demand Response: Global Set-point Adjustment

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GSA OFB

0100020003000400050006000700080009000

Who

leB

ldg

Pow

er[k

W]

0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.010.0

Pow

erIn

tens

ity[W

/ft2]

0

1

2

3

4

5

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Time (hour)

Who

leB

uild

ing

pow

erW

/sqf

t

2.3 W/sf shed

c

c cc

c

Demand response events

Whole Building Pre and Post Retrofit Data

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0

50

100

150

200

250

300

9/2/2006 9/7/2006 9/12/2006 9/17/2006 9/22/2006 9/27/2006 10/2/2006 10/7/2006 10/12/2006

Avg. KW

250,000

500,000

750,000

1,000,000

Ene

rgy

Baseline Period Reporting Period

Baseline + Adjustments

Measured Energy Use

Savings

Measurement and Verification (M&V) Process

M&V Terms and Concepts• Baseline Period

- A defined period of any length before implementation of the ECM(s).

• Reporting Period- The period after implementation.

• Adjusted Baseline - The energy use as if no action had been taken during the projected reporting period.

• Avoided Energy Use- Energy savings realized during reporting period.

• Normalized Savings- Also known as “Fixed Conditions Basis”- Most common normalization is for weather with TMY3 data.

• Dependent Variables- The facility energy use that is influenced by independent variables.

• Independent variables- Characteristics of a facility’s use or the environment which govern energy use.

• R²: Coefficient of Determination- Indicates the proportion of response variation explained by the regressors.

• CV(RMSE): Coefficient of Variation- Indicates the uncertainty in the model.

• Uncertainty- margin of error of a measurement - stated by giving a range of values likely to enclose the true value.

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0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

20 40 60 80 100 120

kW

OSA Temperature

M&V Options

Whole Facility Measurement Boundary

Motors+ VSDs

Retrofit Isolation Boundary

A. Retrofit Isolation: Key Parameter Measurement

B. Retrofit Isolation: All Parameter Measurement

C. Whole FacilityD. Calibrated Simulation

These tools are designed for Option Cand can usually support Options A and B.

Charts• W/sqft• kW/ton• gpm/ton• Watts/CFM• Watts/gpm

Built-in Filters and Normalizations• Daytype & Other Time• Baseline/Post• Occupancy• Outside Temperature• Equipment Status

Energy Charting And Metrics (free Excel© Add-In)

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• Full time history• Load shapes, 10 types• Scatter charts, 3 types• Frequency Histograms• Building Re-tuning Diagnostics

https://afe.org/certification/ECAMplus/ECAM_downloadForm.cfm

Statistical Summaries• Means and Medians• Percentiles• Standard Deviations

M&V• Monthly Data• Interval Data• Residuals Charts

Utilities• Data Resampling• Convert Time and Day Tables

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

kW

OAT

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

12 A

M

2 A

M4

AM

6 A

M8

AM

10 A

M12

PM

2 P

M

4 P

M6

PM

8 P

M10

PM

kW

0500

1,0001,5002,0002,5003,000

100-

200

200-

300

300-

400

400-

500

500-

600

600-

700

700-

800

800-

900

900-

1000

1000

-110

0>1

100

Tota

l Hou

rsTons

• Data managementResamplingTime shiftSlope and offset adjustmentsData filtersCalculated data channelsPsychrometric channels

• Data analysisLine graphScatter plots

• DiagnosticsAir side economizerDual duct AHU fault detectionFans and system curvesFan coil fault detectionLight loadMeasurement and verificationPlug loadSet point analysisSingle duct AHU fault detectionStatistics

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Setpoint Analysis

Channel Folder Name

Channel NameRESULT Value Score

Lower Value Result

Upper Value Result

% Time Under Lower

Setpoint

% Time Over Upper Setpoint

Time Under Lower

Setpoint

Time Over Upper Setpoint

Average Value Under Lower

Setpoint

Average Value Over Upper Setpoint

Minimum Value

Maximum Value

VAV2‐3 VAV2‐3_VAV‐2‐3 EXHIBITHALL‐4 ZoneTemperature 2.5 2.5 0 90.9 0.1 63270 45 2.7 2.1 65 79.7

VAV2‐5 VAV2‐5_VAV‐2‐5 EXHIBITHALL‐1 ZoneTemperature 1.6 1.6 0 64.7 0 45060 0 2.5 0 63 77.9

VAV2‐7 VAV2‐7_VAV‐2‐7 TECHOFFICE ZoneTemperature 1.4 1.4 0 46 0 32055 0 3.1 0 62 75.9

VAV2‐4 VAV2‐4_VAV‐2‐4 EXHIBITHALL‐3 ZoneTemperature 1.3 1.3 0 47.1 0 32805 0 2.8 0 64 73

VAV2‐1 VAV2‐1_VAV‐2‐1 ADMIN‐OFFICE‐1 ZoneTemperature 1.3 1.3 0 47.8 0 33285 0 2.7 0 63 74.8

VAV1‐3 VAV1‐3_VAV‐1‐3 BASEMENT ZoneTemperature 1.2 1.2 0 65.4 0 45285 0 1.8 0 66 72

VAV1‐5 VAV1‐5_VAV‐1‐5 BIRDIE‐ROOM ZoneTemperature 1 1 0 42.9 0 29745 0 2.3 0 66 77.5

VAV2‐6 VAV2‐6_VAV‐2‐6 EXHIBITHALL‐2 ZoneTemperature 1 1 0 39.9 0 27765 0 2.4 0 66 78.4

VAV2‐2 VAV2‐2_VAV‐2‐2 ADMIN‐OFFICE‐2 ZoneTemperature 0.9 0.9 0 39.9 0 27765 0 2.2 0 65 78.9

VAV1‐6 VAV1‐6_VAV‐1‐6 KITCHEN ZoneTemperature 0.5 0.1 0.4 6.5 20.9 4530 14550 1.8 2 64.5 80.3

VAV1‐4 VAV1‐4_VAV‐1‐4 LOBBY‐2 ZoneTemperature 0.4 0.4 0 15.2 0 10560 0 2.6 0 67 74

VAV1‐8 VAV1‐8_VAV‐1‐8 CONFERENCE‐RM‐2 ZoneTemperature 0.4 0.3 0 17.7 2.7 12300 1860 1.9 1 65 76.2

VAV1‐2 VAV1‐2_VAV‐1‐2 LIGHTING‐RM ZoneTemperature 0.3 0.3 0 19.2 0.1 13320 60 1.6 1 68 78.5

VAV1‐1 VAV1‐1_VAV‐1‐1 LOBBY ZoneTemperature 0.2 0.2 0 13.2 0 9120 15 1.9 0.5 69 78.2

VAV1‐7 VAV1‐7_VAV‐1‐7 CONFERENCE‐RM‐1 ZoneTemperature 0.1 0.1 0 6 2.5 4185 1710 1.6 1.1 66 79.4

Universal Translator (Free) Software: www.utonline.org

Ryan Stroupe Building Performance CoordinatorPG&E Pacific Energy Center 851 Howard Street San Francisco, CA 94103 415.973.7257 [email protected]/pec

Thanks for your attention!

Bill KoranSr. Energy Analytics Engineer SBW Consulting, Inc.3945 Parker Rd.West Linn, OR 97068503-974-9741bill.koran@sbwconsulting.comwww.SBWConsulting.com

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Appendix

Step-by-Step Universal Translator Instructions 1

1. Open UT software2. Select “New” Project3. Click on “New Project” in navigation tree4. Rename project in “Project Properties” window

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2

3

4


1. Open Windows Explorer and navigate to folder with data files to be used for analysis.

2. With Windows Explorer positioned on top of UT window, drag files to “Sources” folder.

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2


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1

3

21. Expand the “Charts” menu.2. Right-click on the “Charts” folder.3. Select “New Scatter Chart” from options4. Double-click on “Scatter Chart” text that appears.5. Chart opens in active window.

4 5


1. Click on the “Channels” menu in the navigation tree.

2. Drag the “pre-OAT” data set to the active chart.3. Drag the “pre-kW” data set to the active chart.

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12 then 3


25

2

5

1. Expand the “Tools” menu.2. Right-click on the “Filters” folder.3. Select “New Schedule Filter” from options4. Double-click on “Schedule Filter” text that

appears.5. Filter opens in active window.

1

3

4


3. Select the time from 7:00 am to 6:59:59 pm4. Check the boxes for Monday through Friday.5. Click the “Rename Bin” button6. In the window that opens, name the bin

“Occupied hours”26

1

3

5

4

2

6

1. Click the “Add Bin” button.2. Click the “Add Recurring” button.


2. Click on the channel label at bottom of chart.3. At “Chart Trace Properties” window, scroll

down to bottom of window.4. Click on “X Data Input”

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1

3

423

1. Select the “Scatter Plot” tab from the list of active windows.


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5

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1. Click on the “…” to the right of the “X Data Input” row.

2. This opens the “Data Input Editor”.3. Check the box labeled “Show Advanced Data

Input Selection”4. Use Filter pull-down menu to select filter.5. Select the check box for “Occupied Hours”6. Chart updates to show just occupied hour data.

1

4

6


29

52

3

1. Expand the “Analysis” menu from the navigation tree

2. Right-click on “Measurement and Verification”3. Click on “New Measurement and Verification”4. Double-click on “Measurement and Verification”5. The Measurement and Verification window

opens in the active window.

1 4


30

5

2 3

1. Hit the “Change” button to select the channels to use for the M&V analysis

2. In the newly-opened “Select a Channel Folder” window, select the “Channels” folder

3. Hit the “Select” button.4. Use the pull-down option to choose “Pre-OAT”

for the Independent variable and “Pre-kW” for the Dependent variable.

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31

5

2

3

1. Select the “Model Builder” tab. You are working on the “Baseline” model.

2. Use the pull-down menu to choose your filter.3. Check boxes for “default” and “occupied hours”4. Leave the model type as “Time and

Independent” and use 6 “Equal size linear segments”.

5. Hit the “Compute” button.

1

4


32

3

1. Now select the “Default” tab.

2. Leave the model type as “Time and Independent” and use 6 “Equal size linear segments”.


12


33

3

1. Wait for the analysis to stop running.

2. When it is finished, use the pull-down menu to select the “Dependent and Predicted vs. Independent” graph option.

3. Use the tabs to make the same selection for the other schedule bin.

4. Note the R2 and CV-RMSE values are displayed.

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34

3

1. For the Baseline analysis, click on the “Model Assembler” tab.

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2. Use the pull-down menu to select the “Dependent and Predicted vs. Independent graph option.

3. Note the R2 and CV-RMSE values are displayed.4. Hit the “Details” button to open the “Details”

window.

4

4


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3

1. Select the “Post Implementation” tab

2. At the “Variables” tab, use the pull-down option to choose “Post-OAT” for the Independent variable and “Post-kW” for the Dependent variable.

1

2


36

5

2

3

1. Select the “Model Builder” tab. You are working on the “Post Implementation” model.

2. Use the pull-down menu to choose your filter.3. Check boxes for “default” and “occupied hours”4. Leave the model type as “Time and

Independent” and use 6 “Equal size linear segments”.


1

4


37

3

1. Now select the “Default” tab.

2. Leave the model type as “Time and Independent” and use 6 “Equal size linear segments”.


12


38

3

1. Wait for the analysis to stop running.

2. When it is finished, use the pull-down menu to select the “Dependent and Predicted vs. Independent” graph option.

3. Use the tabs to make the same selection for the other schedule bin.

4. Note the R2 and CV-RMSE values are displayed.

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39

3

1. For the Post Implementation analysis, click on the “Model Assembler” tab.

12

2. Use the pull-down menu to select the “Dependent and Predicted vs. Independent graph option.

3. Note the R2 and CV-RMSE values are displayed.4. Hit the “Details” button to open the “Details”

window.

44


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1. Select the “Avoided Energy Use” tab.

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2. Use the pull-down menu to select the “Adjusted Baseline and Post Implementation Dependent vs. Independent graph option.

3. Note the Avoided Energy Use from the Post Implementation period is provided.

3


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1. Select the “Normalized Energy Savings” tab.

1 2

2. Choose your TMY data from the pull-down menu. Use “Concord-TMY3_F” for this example.

3. Use the pull-down menu to select the “Adjusted Baseline Model and Adjusted Post ImplementationModel vs. Independent graph option.

4. Note the Normalized Energy Savings for a typical year is provided.

3

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• Design Performance and Commissioning SeriesAirside EconomizersVariable Air Volume (VAV) SystemsPumpsChilled and Condenser Water SystemsHeating Hot Water and Steam SystemsControlsFans, Ducts and AHUsVariable Speed Drives (VSDs)

Other Commissioning TrainingsExisting Building Commissioning Workshop Series RCx 101: Identifying and Assessing Common Retrocommissioning Opportunities Logic Diagrams and Control Sequences System Diagram WorkshopCommissioning Lighting Controls

Related Training TopicsBasic Excel for Energy AnalystsUniversal Translator TrainingOptimizing the Design and Control of Data CentersOptimizing the Design and Control of Chilled Water PlantsBuilding Measurement classes

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PEC’s Free Trainings on Building Commissioning

Each of these are simulcast over the Internet.

Full list of classes and registration links: http://www.pge.com/energyclasses

Tools loaned for FREE for energy efficiency, demand reduction and demand response projects for public utility rate payers in California.

On-line Tool Request FormBorrower informationProject informationSpecifics on tools requested

Online catalog of available equipmentApplication notes with step-by-step instructionsOver 5000 diagnostic measurement tools and accessories in the lending library.

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PEC’s Tool Lending Library: www.pge.com/pec/tll

Flow Hood

Drywell CalibratorCO2 Meter Temp/RH MeterStrobe Tachometer Ultrasonic Flow Meter

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Data Analysis in the Cx Process - BCxA · M&V Options Whole Facility Measurement Boundary Motors +...

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