Data Analysis

Session 5.1.

Session 12: 1Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

Session Objectives

After this session, participants should be able to:•Identify the principles of qualitative data analysis.

•Analyze qualitative data using triangulation matrices and coding tools.

Session 12: 2Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

Exercise 5.1.

Working individually, review and expand your field notes.

Process1.Read your field notes2.Develop your short-hand notes into narrative3.Integrate quotes (if captured) and observations4.Integrate your memos (now maybe the time to develop these).5.Refer to Handout 12 for guidance, and ask for help if needed.

110 min

Session 12: 3Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

Exercise 5.1.

Remember :1.Your expanded notes do not have to be long (simply make sure they are comprehensive and capture all of your field notes).

2.Distinguish between what was said and your conclusions/observations

3.Write legibly (your group members will need to read your notes later)

4.MUST: Begin each notebook entry with the date, time, place, type of data collection event, your name, your group’s number (as in handout examples).

110 min

Session 12: 4Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

Principle of Qualitative Data Analysis

Session 12: 5Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

• Flexibility

• Multidisciplinarity

• Iterative Bias Correction

Qualitative Data Analysis Methods

Session 12: 6Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

• Analytical Memoing

• Triangulation

• Coding

Analytical Tools

Session 12: 7Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

• Colored cards or sticky notes for coding

• Computer-driven software for coding

• Triangulation matrices

Coding Example

Jose’ is the head of a refugee household, who is now living in a collective centre (Youth Club). Jose’s family: Receives daily food (sandwiches, canned food, bread, some milk) from WFP but have no means to cook by themselves. It cannot find a place where to go and would not have the cash to pay rent in any case. Were fully dependent on WFP cash and food assistance before the crisis but have lost this source of cash at present due to relocation. Children are not going to school because the collective centre is not close to the former place of residence, where children were attending school before the war.

Session 12: 8Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

Coding ExampleJose’ is the head of a refugee household, who is now living in a collective centre (Youth Club). Jose’s family: Receives daily food (sandwiches, canned food, bread, some milk) from WFP but have no means to cook by themselves. It cannot find a place where to go and would not have the cash to pay rent in any case. Were fully dependent on WFP cash and food assistance before the crisis but have lost this source of cash at present due to relocation. Children are not going to school because the collective centre is not close to the former place of residence, where children were attending school before the war.

1. Food Assitance Accessible 2. No ability to cook 3.No permenant shlter4. No Source of Cash 5. No education

Session 12: 9Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

Exercise 5.1a

Each group will work with the expanded notes its members produced & the Compiled Secondary Data Handout it received. There will be more than one set of expanded notes for each data collection event. This is good for triangulation and helps with iterative bias correction.

Session 12: 10Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

180 min (90 minutes before lunch,

and 90 minutes after)

Data Analysis

Build 3 templates to compile data

Session 12: 11Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

Build a Secondary Data Template(based on the handout received from Facilitator)

Category

(as agreed during the field exercise planning session)

Secondary Data (source: Country

Context)

Demographics Info

Income / Expenditures Info

Food Security Info

Markets Info

etc… Info

Session 12: 12Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

Build a Key Informant Template (based on Expanded Notes)

CD KI1…

KI3

FGD1…

FGD3

Conclusion

Sources of Info (who?)

---- ----- -------------

Category 1:

Category 2:

Category 3:

Category N:

Session 12: 13Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

Build a Household & Observations Template(based on Expanded Notes)

HH1 HH2… HH9 Conclusion

Sources of Info (who?)

Category 1: Main Livelihood

Category 2: Income

Category 3: Food Cons.

Category 4

Category N

Session 12: 14Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

Summarize the template data

Secondary Data

Primary Data from Key

Informants, CD, and FGDs

Primary Datafrom

HHs and Observations

Summarized Data:• Conclusion category 1• Conclusion category 2• Conclusion category 3• Conclusion category 4• etc…

Session 12: 15Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

2-4 short paragraphs per category, integrating conclusions from primary and secondary data.

Situation Analysis

• A process that examines a situation, its elements, and their relations

• Defines and interprets the general position or combination of conditions of the population at the time of the assessment

• Provides the context and knowledge for effective decision-making

• Your Situation Analysis Report should

Session 12: 16Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

Before you begin…Remember/Hints• Make sure that you read thoroughly the expanded notes of

everyone (allocate 20 minutes for this)• Split-up: 2-3 sub-team to analyze specific categories.• One team to work on the computer template, other teams

on paper-based templates.• Underline what you deem relevant then discuss possible

coding. You could use this to quantify how many times a certain remark was made by people you met.

• Come together to develop a consolidated computer template, and discuss and formulate your group’s analysis

Session 12: 17Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

As you are preparing your brief assessment findings report…

Remember• Make it concise, but informative. two to four short

narrative paragraphs per category based on primary and secondary data should suffice. 30 minutes to prepare (max).

• 3 pages max.• Do not make conclusions, if you don’t have sufficient

evidence. Simply say so, and identify how to improve.• Make sure to show evidence of triangulation.• Prop up your arguments with secondary quantitative data

or vice-vesra.

Session 12: 18Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

Teams Analysis Reports– Facilitator Comments

Overall, good points• Substantial number of findings• Good syntheses

Be sure to:• Rank (prioritize) needs, income sources, expenditures• provide evidence to back up statements (who said it?); • include secondary information to strengthen context analysis• when possible, integrate quantitative data• distinguish between various livelihood groups within site (and

between sites when more than one site is visited)• Conclusions: Move context info (e.g. hazard history,

topography, shocks, food security data) to context section, and focus on humanitarian conditions and the key issues affecting food insecurity.

Your readers should not have to wonder why

you said what you said.