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DATA CENTERS
Data centers can have the following:-
1. Servers a) Computing
i) 1U/ Blade/ Custom Made.
ii) 2U & Greater
b) Storage
i) Normal
ii) Magnetic.
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DATA CENTERS
2. Communication Servers
a) High Density- 10 to13KW per rack
b) Extreme Density
- 23 to 35KW per rack
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SERVERS
SIMPLE
DENSE
BLADE
???? Next Gen
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SERVERS
Environmental specifications
Specification Value Temperature range*
Operating 10C to 35C (50F to 95F)
Shipping -40C to 60C (-40F to140F)
Storage -20C to 60C (-4 to 140C)
Maximum wet bulb temperature 30C (86F)
Relative humidity
(noncondensing)**
Operating 10% to 90%
Shipping 10% to 90%
Storage 10% to 95%
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SERVERS
Power specifications
Single-phase power
Specification Value
Power cord IEC-320 C19-C20 1.22 m (4 ft)
Output 2250 W per power supply
Input requirements
Rated input voltage 200 VAC to 240 VAC
Rated input frequency 50 Hz to 60 Hz
Rated input current per power supply 12.6 A at 208 VAC
11.9 A at 220 VAC13.1 A at 200 VAC
Rated input power per power supply (maximum) 2612 VA
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SERVER COMPONENTS
TRANSISTORS
CHIPS / PROCESSORS
FIRING GATES
DIODES, TRIODES, CAPACITORS, VARIACS,RESISTORS, etc.
CARD POWER MODULES
TRANSFORMERS
COOLING SYSTEM (ACTIVE AND PASSIVE)
CASING
RACKS
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ASHRAE GUIDELINES TC9.9
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PROCESSORS
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PROCESSORS
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PROCESSORS
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PROCESSORS
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Passive Heat Sink
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Passive heat sink
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Active Heat Sink
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TYPICAL MOTHERBOARD
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TYPICAL MOTHERBOARD
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TYPICAL MOTHERBOARD
It is important to have the air flow over the hotsurfaces to pick up and reject the heat.
It is also important to have the warm/ heated air notto serve to other components which require cooling.
This combination of location suiting the air flow and
heat rejection as well as space allocation to theprocessors, chips, gates, etc is important in designingthe system architecture of the PCB.
Special efforts and investments are made along withCFD simulations to freeze and standardise thearchitecture.
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TYPICAL MOTHERBOARD
DC Fans with variable speed drives are usedto increase or decrease the air quantity as
per the temperature inside the servers.
Simplest way to know, if everything is OK ornot, is to listen to the noise of the servers.
Each server needs to be looked into as per itsrequirements and needs.
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ASHRAE RECOMMENDATIONS
Description Minimum Maximum
Dry Bulb 18oC 27oC
Rate of Temp Rise NA 5oC/Hr
Relative Humidity 40% 60%
Dew Point NA 16.7oC
Air Quality Merv* 11 NA
*MERV- minimum efficiency reporting values
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ASHRAE RECOMMENDATIONS
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ASHRAE RECOMMENDATIONS
2004 version 2008 version
Low End Temperature 20oC (68oF) 18oC (64oF)
High End Temperature 25oC (77oF) 27oC (80.6oC)
Low End Moisture 40% RH 5.5oC (41.9oF) DPT
High End Moisture 55% RH 60% RH & 15oC (59oF)DPT
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ASHRAE RECOMMENDATIONS
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SERVER PERFORMANCE
With fixed fan speed
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SERVER PERFORMANCE
With variable fan speed
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STRATEGIES
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STRATEGIES
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STRATEGIES
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SUMMARY
LEARNINGS-a) HEAT DISSIPATION DENSITY VARIES IN DATA CENTERS.
b) HEAT DISSIPATION DESNITY VARIES WITHIN THE
DATA CENTER.
c) SERVERS REQUIRE AIR INLET TEMPERATURES OF20-25oC.
d) RELATIVE HUMIDITY SHOULD BE BETWEEN 40% TO 60%
e) DEVIATIONS FOR SHORT DURATIONS ARE OK, BUT SHOULDNOT EXCEED CUMULATIVELY A FEW DAYS IN A YEAR.
f) HEAT IS REMOVED BY AIR FLOW & NOT BY EQUIPMENTALONE.
g) PROCESSOR & COMPONENT TEMPERATURES ARENORMALLY UPTO 70oC, WHILE OCCASSIONALY IT CAN BE AS
HIGH AS 90o
C.
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SUMMARY
ENERGY CONSERVATION
a) Reduction of power consumption is a timeconsuming, tedious and patient job.
b) There is no fixed formula for data center.c) Load density patterns are important criteria in data
center energy study.
d) 10-15% of server power is consumed by the serverfans. That itself is a conservation target.
e) Overcooling is as wrong as under-cooling. Henceoptimum settings will ensure best performance aswell as minimum energy consumption.
f) Avoid short circuiting under all circumstances.Even through the racks.
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SUMMARY
OPPORTUNITIES:-
a) Server fan conservation upto 10%
b) PAC/ AHU Air Flow consumption upto 30%
c) Refrigeration equipment consumption upto 10%.
d) PAC Unit Heaters and Humidifiers upto 10%
e) May be all or combination of some of above.
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QUESTIONS PLEASE
THANK YOU