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graphs

tables

models

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Because scientists use written reports and

oral presentations to share their results,organizing and presenting data are importantscience skills.In this lesson, we will look atthree different ways to organize and present

data: data tables, graphs, and models.

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While conductingan investigation,data from the

investigation isrecorded in a datatable.

Experimental DataTime (s)

Volume of gas(mL)

20 6

40 25

60 58

80 100

100 140

120 152

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All data tablesinclude:

1. A title2. Units of

measurement3. Independent

variable in left-handcolumn

4. Dependent variablein right-handcolumn

Melting Points of CommonMetalsElement MeltingTemperatureK)

Aluminum 933

Gold 1337

Iron 1808

Lead 601

Silver 1235

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One data has been collected, it is placed in anappropriate graph.

Scientific graphs are used to identifyrelationships (or trends) among variables.

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A line graphis a good choice fordisplaying data that changes over time.

Example: number of dolphin sightings over a 5 year

period.

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A bar graphis useful when you want tocompare data for several individual items or

events.Example: melting points of various elements.

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Apie graphisideal for displaying

data that are parts ofa whole.

Whole circle indicates

total (100%)

**pie graph must showpercentages!!**

Example: percentageof household energyuse by major

appliance

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A pictographuses picture symbols toillustrate data.

Each symbol represents a set number.

Example: history and prediction of future worldpopulation.

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Identify thevariables

Determine therange

Determine thescale

Number and labeleach axis

Plot the points Draw the graph Give graph a title.

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Subtract the lowestdata value from thehighest data value.

Do each variableseparately.

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Determine a scale,(the numerical valuefor each square),that best fits the

range of each variable.

Spread the graph touse MOST of theavailable space.

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You need totelleveryone

readingyour graphwhat thegraph

means. Be sure to

includeunits.

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Plot each data valueon the graph with adot. You can put

the data number bythe dot, if it doesnot clutter yourgraph.

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Draw a curve or aline that best fitsthe data points.

Most graphs ofexperimental dataare not drawn as"connect-the-dots".

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Your titleshould clearlytell what the

graph is about. If your graph

has more thanone set of data,

provide a "key"to identify thedifferent lines

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We can use the slope of the best fit tine on agraph to predict values not measured

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Interpolate:predicting databetween twomeasured points onthe graph.

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Extrapolate:extending thegraph, along thesame slope, aboveor below measureddata.

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Models are used inscience.

What is a model?

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A scientific model is a representation of anobject or an event that can be studied tounderstand the real object or event.

A model can be a real object, a picture ordrawing, a mental image, or a computergenerated picture.

Add two heathers animations!

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What does each type of graph best represent?1) ?

2) ?

3) ?

4) ?

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A data table? A line graph?

Stuff vs StuffyStuff

0%

50%

100%

Series 3

Series 2

Series 1