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Database Development Cycle
Track 3: Managing Information
Using Database
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Objectives Database planning
System Definition
Requirements collection and analysis
Database design
DBMS selection
Application design
Prototyping
Implementation
Data Conversion and loading Testing
Operational Maintenance
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Database Planning
Systems Definition
Requirements Collection
and analysis
Database DesignDBMS
Selection
Application
Design
Implementation
Data Conversion and loading
Testing
Evaluation & Maintenance
Prototyping
Life Cycle
Source: http://www.cs/ucf.edu/courses/cgs2545/CH02/index.htm
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Database Planning
Current systems evaluation
Development of Standards
Technological feasability
Operational feasability
Economical feasability
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Requirements Collection and Analysis
identifying management information
requirements,
determining information requirements by
functional area, and establishing hardware and software
requirements
Systems definition
Data dictionary Metadata
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DBMS Selection* Costs
* Features and Tools
* Underlying model
* Portability
* DBMS hardware requirements
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Application design
Application program design
User Interface design
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PrototypingDevelop the
working model
Build the
prototype
Use and Test
the prototype
Review the
prototype
Decision
Abandon
application
Implement
Application
Redevelop
Application
Begin new
prototype
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Implementation The physical realisation of the database and
application designs
the detailed model is converted to the
appropriate implementation model, the data
dictionary is built, the database is
populated, application programs aredeveloped and users are trained
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Data Conversion and Loading &
Testing
Transferring any existing data into the newdatabase and converting any existing
applications to run on the new database
Finding errors
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Database Evaluation Interviewing and polling users to determine
whether any data needs are unmet.
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Operational maintenance
preventive maintenance (backup)
corrective maintenance (recovery)1
adaptive maintenance
assignment of access
regular monitoring & periodical check up
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Data & Database
administration
Data administration is the management of
the data resources Database administration is the management
of physical realisation of the database
application
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Database design methodology A structured approach that uses procedures,
techniques, tools, and documentation aids to
support and facilitate the process of design.
* Conceptual database design
* Logical database design
* Physical database design
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Entity, Attribute, Relationship
Client
Name
Address
Postcode
Passport
Passport No
Exp.Data
Itinerary
DateCity
Contact
EntityAttribute
Relationship
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Conceptual Design Phase
DATA
TOP-DOWN
BOTTOM-UP
Identify Entities
Identify Relationships
Identify Attributes
Identify Relationships
Identify Dependencies
Collect Data
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Basic relationshipsOne-to-One
One-to-many
Many to many
HUSBAND WIFE
is married to
is married to
TRACK PARTICIPANTS belongs to
has
Trackis helds in
holds
Trainer
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Logical design phase
1. REFINE THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL
Conce a. . ode
e ned Conce a Mode
2.APPLY THE RULES OF NORMALIZATION
Logica
a aMode
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Refining the Conceptual model Refine the attributes
example:
Synonyms
Hononyms
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Physical Database Design
Logical Data Model Logical Process Model
TR
Track 01 Country
Database creation
CREATEDATABASE
CREATETABLE
LOAD
PhysicalImplementationProcess
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Critical Success Factors in
Database Design Work interactively with the users as much as possible.
Follow a structured methodology throughout the data
modelling process. Incorporate structural and integrity considerations into
the data models.
Combine conceptualisation, normalisation, and
transaction validation techniques into the datamodelling methodology.
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Exercise (Conceptual design)
List 1
List 2
Track No: 1 Track name: Managing information using Database
Participant
code
Participant
nameAge Position Country Address
Country code Country name Participant code Participant name Track name
Create a conceptual E.A.R model of the database for the following lists. (List up the necessary
DATA ITEMS, set up ENTITIES and their ATTRIBUTES, and identify the relationship among
the entities )
List 1 is the list of participants information by track
List 2 is the list of participants information by countries
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Answer
Participant
r n n e
r n eA e
A ress
s n
Track
r n er
r n e
Country
n r e
n r n e
En iA i u e
Rel i nshiZero one or many
Just one
One
ormany
Just
one
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Exercise: Primary and Foreign Key
Participant
code
Participant
nameAge Position Address Country code
Country nameCountry code Track nameTrack code Participant
code
Please identify primary and foreign key.
Primary key
Foreign key
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Answer
Participant
code
Participant
nameAge Position Address Country code
Country nameCountry codeTrack nameTrack code Participant
code