FP304 – DATABASE SYSTEM

CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

WHAT IS DBMS? A very large integrated collection of

data. Models real-world enterprise.

Entities (e.g., students, courses) R e l a t i o n s h i p s ( e . g . , M a d o n n

a i s t a k i n g FP304 ) A Database Management System is a

software package designed to store and manage database

CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS

WHY USE A DBMS? Data independence and efficient access Reduced application development time Data integrity and security Unifrom data administration Concurrent access recovery from

crashers

CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS

WHY STUDY DATABASES? Shift from computation to information

at the “low end”: scramble to webspace (a mess!)

at the :high end”: scientific applications

Datasets increasing in diversity and volume Digital libraries, interactive video ... Nned for DBMS exploding

CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS

FILES VS. DATABASES

CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS

ADVANTAGES OF DBMS Control of data redundancy Data consistency Sharing of data Improved security Improved backup and recovery services

CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS

DISADVANTAGES OF DBMS Complexity Size Cost of DBMSs Higher impact of a failure

CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS

VARIOUS COMMON OF DBMS Oracle Microsoft Access SQL Server Sybase FoxPro

CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS

FEATURES OF DBMS Database definition Nonprocedural access Application development Procedural language interface Transaction processing Database tuning

[BUT, THIS IS AN ASSIGNMENT AND PRESENT!][PERFORM IN 3 GROUPS]

CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS

THREE-SCHEMA ARCHITECTURE OF DBMS First Level:

Internal schema at the internal level to describe data storage structures and access paths. Typically uses a physical data model.

CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS

THREE-SCHEMA ARCHITECTURE OF DBMS Second Level:

Conceptual schema at the conceptual level to describe the structure and constraints for the whole database. Uses a conceptual or an implementation data model.

CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS

THREE-SCHEMA ARCHITECTURE OF DBMS Third Level: External schema at the external level

to describe the various user views. Usually uses the same data model as the conceptual level.

CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS

CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE OF DBMS

CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS

TRADITIONAL TWO-TIER CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE Advantages:

It enables wider access to existing databases.

Increased performance Hardware costs may be reduced Communication costs are reduced

CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS

THREE-TIER CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE Advantages: The need for less expensive hardware Application maintenance is centralized. The added modularity makes it easier to

modify or replace one tier without affecting the other tier.

Load balancing is easier with the separation of core business logic from the database functions.

CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS

CATEGORIES OF DBMS Desktop Database

Desktop databases offer an inexpensive, simple solution to many less complex data storage and manipulation requirements.

They earn their name by virtue of the fact that they are designed to run on “desktop” (or personal) computers.

CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS

CATEGORIES OF DBMS Server Database

Offer organizations the ability to manage large amounts of data efficiently and in a manner that enables many users to access and update the data simultaneously.

If you’re able to carry the hefty pricetag, a server-based database can provide you with a comprehensive data management solution.

CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS

CATEGORIES OF DBMS1. Desktop databases. Example of desktop databases:

Microsoft Access – from Microsoft in Windows OS.

FoxPro – Windows, Macintosh & UNIX FileMaker Pro – DOS, all Windows except

Win2000. Paradox – DOS, Windows Lotus – based on a network server

CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS

CATEGORIES OF DBMS2. Server databases Examples of server databases

Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, and IBM DB2

CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS

BENEFITS OF DESKTOP DATABASE

1. Inexpensive2. User-friendly - Desktop DBMSs

usually offer an easy-to-navigate graphical user interface.

3. Offers web solution - Many modern desktop databases provide web functionality enabling you to publish your data on the web in a static or dynamic fashion.

CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS

BENEFITS OF SERVER DATABASE1. Flexibility - Server-based databases can

handle just about any data management problem you can throw at them.

2. Powerful performance - Modern databases can manage multiple high-speed processors, clustered servers, high bandwidth connectivity and fault tolerant storage technology.

3. Scalability - server databases are able to gracefully handle a rapidly expanding amount of users and/or data.

CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS

DEFINE THE REQUIREMENTS Who will be using the database and what tasks

will they perform? How often will the data be modified? Who will

make these modifications? Who will be providing IT support for the

database? What hardware is available? Is there a budget for

purchasing additional hardware? Who will be responsible for maintaining the data? Will data access be offered over the Internet? If

so, what level of access should be supported?

CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS

DEFINE THE REQUIREMENTS You may discover that a sophisticated

multi-user server platform (like SQL Server or Oracle) is necessary to support your complex requirements.

On the other hand, a desktop database like Microsoft Access might be just as capable of meeting your needs

DATABASE IN SOCIETY Bank Sector Government Sector Telecommunication Sector Hospitals Hypermarkets