Welcome to the Presentation on How To Use DATALOGGER DATALOGGER

Station Assets

Reports

Simulation

NMDL

Control Charting

Yard Diagram of a Two Road Station

Assets

1.Tracks

2.Signals

3.Points

4.Buttons

5.Axle Counters

6.Crank Handles etc

TrackTracks may Fail or Bob due to 1. Conductors lying across2. Improper Ballast3. Heavy Rain4. Mischief5. Relay Problem

SignalProblems related to Signals

1. Fusing Of signal Lamp

2. Blanking of Signal

3. Signal Raised Up

4. Signal lamp to be replaced for preventive maintenance

5.Conflicting Aspects

6.Signal Passing at danger

Point Machine

1. Friction in movement 2. Loose Packing of Point3. Point Fail4. Point not setting due to obstruction5. Point Button Not Properly Pressed-Premature release6. Point M/c drawing High Current7. Relay Bobbing

Point Loose Packing

Obstacle In Point

Button

1. Button Stuck Up2. Premature Release3. Unnecessary Pressing of Button4. Improper Sequence

Circuit

1 Progression Sequence Interrupted2 Contact offering High Resistance3 Fuse Blown Off

Analog Voltages & Currents-AC

Analog Voltages & Currents-DC

So what we require may be a Recording System

To Record all the information relating to the yard i.e Data Logger

What Is a Data Logger

A Microprocessor based system to log the changes in the status of Relay contacts & Analog Channels pertaining to a Railway panel interlocking or Route Relay Interlocking (RRI) station.

Computer Connectivity

Single Data-logger can be connected to Computer for storing & processing of the Relay and Voltage information

A Computer can also take data, through an FEP, connected to a network of Data-Loggers.

Computer Connectivity

In a computer all this data is stored in the Hard Disk. Present Day Hard Disks, of size 40GB can hold nearly 3 years of information of networks, having an average of 30 Data-loggers.

Computer Memory

Hard Disk

Computer

• Front End Processor(FEP) The data of the network is collected by the

FEP (Front End Processor), which in turn is transmitted to the computer

FEP acts as a buffer between the Computer and the Network

Information Generation

A data packet is generated whenever a change occurs in a Relay status or a Voltage channel.

This packet is stored in the storage space available in the Data logger (Nearly 85,000 packets in 4MB RAM ).

Serial Type Time Input ID Status

Data Packet

DLNo

INFORMATION PACKETINFORMATION PACKET

STRUCTURESTRUCTURE

RHNO/DLNO 1BYTE 00

SERL NO 2BYTES 01,02

CRC 1BYTE 03

TIME 4BYTES 04,05,06,07

REC ID 1BYTE 08

INPUT NO / CHANNEL VALUE

2 BYTES 09,10

STAS/CHANNEL NO. 1BYTE 11

Serial Type Time Input StatusDLNo

DLNo.-Packet Structure

Time-Packet StructureThe time is a number which gives an

accuracy of 16 milli-seconds.

Serial Type Time Input StatusDLNo

Relay On/Off Time

Input ID-Packet Structure

• Now we need to Know the Relay and its status – What about this?

The Input ID i.e the Number of the contact where it is connected to the Data logger, and the change(Status ) are also sent along.

Serial Type Time Input ID StatusDLNo

Relay1 On/Off Time1

Serial Type Time Input StatusDLNo

Relay2 On/Off Time2

Relay 3 On/Off Time3

1.

2.

3.

Analog2 On/Off Time44.

Input ID-Packet Structure

Relay1 On/Off Time1

Serial Type Time Input StatusDLNo

Relay2 On/Off Time2

Relay 3 On/Off Time3

1.

2.

3.

Analog2 On/Off Time44.

Serial Number-Packet Structure

Record ID -Packet Structure

• Record ID : A number indicating the type of information i.e Analog or Digital.

SerialRecord ID Time Input StatusDLNo

Analog / Digital

CRC-Packet Structure

The information when passed in a network may be corrupted due to noise etc.How can you identify this ??

CRC : Cyclic redundancy Check- is the best validation algorithm to identify the error, if any in the data packets.This Byte relates to this checking mechanism.

Facilities for viewing information in the Data-logger

and printing.

A Printer can be connected to a data-logger to have a hard copy of events recorded

The all Inputs status can be viewed in the Data-logger LCD screen as follows One row at a time

Status of all Inputs

Signal Name Contact Status

Signal 0001 Occupied

Printout of Status of Relays at Data-Logger

Date-Time Relay Status

Relay Information at the Computer

What is the Use of Relay On-Off information

• Let us Take an example of a Point M/c working

Normal Sequence Failure situation

Nwkr & Rwkr both ‘down’ for 25 seconds

Point Normal operation

Point Failure condition

18 RCR Down 03/05/2003 12:43:46:37518 NCR Up 03/05/2003 12:43:46:51618 NWKPR2 Up 03/05/2003 12:43:49:672 made to normal18 NCR Down 03/05/2003 12:43:56:12518 RCR Up 03/05/2003 12:43:56:26618 NWKPR2 Down 03/05/2003 12:43:56:359 attempt to make reverse18 RCR Down 03/05/2003 12:44:15:31218 NCR Up 03/05/2003 12:44:15:46918 NWKPR2 Up 03/05/2003 12:44:18:625 made to normal18 NCR Down 03/05/2003 12:44:20:73418 RCR Up 03/05/2003 12:44:20:844 Attempt to make reverse18 NWKPR2 Down 03/05/2003 12:44:20:93818 RCR Down 03/05/2003 12:45:28:56218 NCR Up 03/05/2003 12:45:28:719 * tried to make normal18 NCR Down 03/05/2003 12:45:29:953 *18 RCR Up 03/05/2003 12:45:30:078 5 attempt to make reverse *** (no fault declared here)18 RCR Down 03/05/2003 12:47:06:01618 NCR Up 03/05/2003 12:47:06:469

Loose packing Failure Condition Normal operation

NWKR status change when TPR ‘Down’

Signal blanking Failure condition Normal operation

All the ECRs ‘Down’ for 10 seconds

What is the Use of Relay On- Off Information

• The correct operation & abnormal operation of all the relays can be understood by analyzing the sequence of relay operations.

No Of Basic Relay Operations

• As Train Moves in a station yard an average of 50 Relays operate generating nearly 100 data packets . For a station where some 100 trains pass thru daily the no. rises to 10,000.

• For a network having some 30 DLs the No. of data Packets on a whole become 3,00,000.

Volume Of Data

This huge information needs to be filtered for a better analysis – isn’t it ?

So what may be the criteria

* Data-logger Name

* Relay Name & Type

* Date-Time Range

Filtering Relays

Filtered Relay Report

113 Point Relays Operation

Filtering Analog Channels

Selected Analog Channel Report

Sudden dip in all the AC Voltages

Analog Channel Graphs

Variations in Supply

How Can You Identify the abnormal sequence of Relay Operation ?

• An abnormal sequence of relay operation which should be highlighted by the system, as the relays operate is termed as a Fault Logic.

• A Fault Entry Software gives us the facility to define the sequence of operations.

• With this Information, NMDL Software , while taking data packets from the all the stations highlights any abnormal sequence of activity .

Logics In Analysis

Fault Entry Software

Logic NMDLSoftware

Data Packets From Data Loggers

Fault Files

Fault Conclusions

1. Online Relay Status

2. Online Analog Status

3. Online Simulation

Computer Hard Disk

------------------------------------------------------

Block Diagram of the Process Involved - 1

Fault Entry Screen

Part 1

Part 2

New Logic

Online fault Pop Up Screen

Identification of faults

Conveying Message of Fault Occurred to the Data Logger

Through Tele-controlsFaults

Fault Report Filtering

Detailed Fault Report

Fault Report with Signal Information

Quick analysis of FailuresFaults Summary Report

The Intensity of the Fault can be got from the FCount

What are the items you need for analyzing the sequence of an

operation???

The operational details of all the Relays connected in a circuit are required, whereas only a few relays are connected to the Data-logger.Due to this and many other factors,the conclusions made from this available information have their own limitations.

TPR Fail Logic Used IF TPR1, TPR2, TPR3 are in sequence then

If TPR1 UP - TPR2 DOWN- TPR3 UP Triggering Relay : TPR2

TPR Bobbing Logic Used IF TPR DOWN TO UP OR UP TO DOWN

Within the time interval.

Examples of common Logics

Track failure

Failure Condition Normal operation

A36ATpr,A37BTPR,A39ATpr are in sequence

Track Dn condition occurring in maintenance of tracks resulted in Track fail Logic wrongly

Cause of common Logic Limitations

Logic Limitation1. Due to Track maintenance2. Due to momentary Bobbing of TPR23. The POR(Power ON Relay) if not

considered in the Logic, Fault may be popped up wrongly

Point Machine•Fail NWKR is down and RWKR is down for

more than given time interval.

•Loose packing When TPR1 is down, then the

corresponding NWKR, RWKR should not change their status. Triggering signals are NWKR, RWKR.

Examples of common Logics

Point fail Failure condition Normal operation

Loose packing Failure Condition Normal operation

Signals

–Blanking – RECR down and HECR down and DECR down for more than given time interval

–Bulb fusing – After HR / DR goes up and if corresponding ECR is not up with in the given time interval. Triggering signal is HR.

–Flown back to danger -If TPR is DOWN then RR should be UP,ASPR should be

DOWN, DR should be UP and DECR should be UP.

Examples of common Logics

Signal blanking

Failure condition Normal operation

Cause of common Logic Limitations

Logic LimitationDue to maintenance or due to

momentary Bobbing of a Relay or due to non inclusion of LVR in a Logic, Fault may be declared wrongly

Route set failure After button1 is up and button2 is up and signal is not up within the

time interval sequence is checked. Triggering signals are Button1, Button2.

Route Cancellation failure.After button1 is up and button2 is up and route is not cancelled within the time interval sequence is checked. Triggering signals are Button1,

Button2.

Circuit FailureHR Circuit failure. Button1, Button2 are up and after time

interval if HR is DOWN

Quick Identification of failures

Relays which attained improper status

Cause of common Logic Limitations

Logic Limitations• Maintenance • Momentary Bobbing of Relays• Non-Availability of all the RelaysDue to the above limitations some times

Fault may be show up wrongly.

Importance of Analyzing Relay status changes

• After seeing the above cases of Limitations in various Logics ,What do You feel is the better way of concluding about the failures?

• The Faults triggered and shown to you in various reports ,the corresponding relay information should be carefully studied before concluding the results.

Introduction to Simulation

At This Juncture don’t You see that a better analysis can be done, with pictures of yard, showing the status of relays changing with time ??

Filtering Information for Simulation

Simulation

Train Passing through

Textual Display of changed Relay status

Easy assessment of situations by Officers through Summary

Reports

Summary Fault Filtering

Summary Reports

Number of Operations of various Point Machines

Some Frequent problems occurring in Data-Loggers are: 1. Chattering inputs2. Validity of contact3. Data entry Validation

Relay Report indicating Chattering Problem

Chattering On for 4 seconds

Chattering Relays Report

Validity Of Entered information

• The Relay Name & Contact Type is to be carefully noted for all the inputs and entered in the database at the computer end, as negative logic is used for Back contacts.

•The Fault Logics used should be tried and tested regularly and well tuned for better conclusions.

Validity Of Entered information

•For Analog channels the Minimum, Maximum voltages and Multiplication Factor are to be carefully selected.

Validity Of Entered information

PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE

OF SYSTEM

Life Time & Bulb operations

Predicting Failures

•Points working HARDWLR does not change its status from UP to Down within the given time interval.

• Frequently Bobbing Relays

• The complete statistics of a Signal i.e. Down Time & Count, Up Time & Count, Current Status, and Date & Time of change in the status etc give the information about Relays operating too frequently and help in Preventive Maintenance.

Preventive Maintenance

Relay Operations

Frequency of Relay Operations

Signal UP Count

Signal Down Count

ANALOG VOLTAGE

FLUCTUATIONS

Battery Discharge condition

Fluctuations in AC causing Fluctuations

in DC due to the problem in charger

Fluctuations in a weak Battery

What Have you Learnt in this Module???

• What is a Data-logger?• How is it storing the changes in the Relay status ?• How a better analysis of sequence of relay

operations and analog voltages, be done ?• How a better predictive and preventive

maintenance is possible?• What are the common problems in relay contacts

and voltage channels?