National Conference on Agriculture for Rabi Campaign, 2014

Group –IVInterventions to increase Oilseeds,

Pulses Production in different ecologiesDate : 17-18 Sept

Venue: National Agriculture Science Centre Pusa Complex, New Delhi

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE & CANE DEVELOPMENTGOVERNMENT OF JHARKHAND 1

2

JHARKHAND STATE PROFILE

Area in % Area in % Area in Lakhs HaArea in Lakhs Ha

* * Total Geographical AreaTotal Geographical Area : : 79.71 79.71 * * Total Cultivable Land Total Cultivable Land :: 38.00 38.00 * * Net Sown AreaNet Sown Area :: 28.08% 28.08% 25.7525.75* * Current FallowCurrent Fallow :: 11.12%11.12% 8.878.87* * Other FallowOther Fallow :: 08.46%08.46% 6.756.75* * ForestForest :: 29.20%29.20% 23.2823.28* * Barren LandsBarren Lands :: 7.20%7.20% 5.745.74* * Non – Agricultural UseNon – Agricultural Use :: 8.60%8.60% 6.866.86* * Pasture and Other Grazing Pasture and Other Grazing

LandLand :: 2.48%2.48% 1.971.97* * Cultivable Waste LandCultivable Waste Land :: 3.44%3.44% 2.742.74* * Irrigated landIrrigated land :: 12.73%12.73% 3.0073.007* * Cropping Intensity Cropping Intensity :: 125%125%

Rainfall…..monthly distribution

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Ra

infa

ll (m

m)

-25

25

75

125

175

225

Std

. De

v. &

CV

(%

)

Normal SD CV(%)

3

1285.9

1131.7

844.5

644

1312.2

820.7 760.7

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14(upto 15/9/14

Rainfall in (mm) during last five year (April to Sept)Rainfall in (mm)

Average Normal rainfall -1200 to 1300 mm

Rainfall during June to Sept -80 % of total Rainfall

Present Trend of Rainfall - Rainfall delayed & Late onset of Monsoon

Upto 20th Sept 2013 4

Rainfall during June to Sept.(mm) S No. Year Source : Directorate of Agril. Source : IMD, Ranchi

Normal Actual Normal Actual

2014-15

1 June 196.6 109.0 196.6 162.9

2 July 327.0 305.9 327.0 197.4

3 Aug 276.2 251.0 322.5 266.3

4 15th Sept, 14-15

234.6 94.8 234.8 97.6

5

Land Situation

• Total Cultivable Land - 38 lakh ha• Area under Kharif - 26 lakh ha• Area under Rabi - 6-7 Lakh ha • Upland Rice Area - 5-6 Lakh ha• Rice Fallow Area- 12-14 Lakh ha

There is a potential of taking Pulses & Oilseeds in 12-14 Lakh ha of Rice-Fallow area.

6

APY of Pulses, Oilseeds and others Crop 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

A P Y A P Y A P Y

Cereals 1998.951 3866.587 1934 1282.024 1914.874 1494 1041.533 1534.982 1474

Pulses (Kharif)

222.948 131.351 589 172.983 114.854 649 278.255 187.466 673

Rabi 236.928 137.431 580 128.784 104.875 814 127.02 124.956 984

Total 459.876 268.782 584 301.767 219.729 728 405.275 312.422 770

Oilseeds (Kharif)

29.816 21.179 710 23.884 13.944 583 54.693 32.78 599

Rabi 100.706 52.127 518 117.573 64.931 552 127.320 80.880 635

Total 130.522 73.306 561 141.457 78.875 558 182.013 113.66 624

Others 155.165 934.487 16940 -- -- -- -- -- --Crop 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14*

A P Y A P Y A P Y

Cereals 2140.333 6367.733 2975 1792.453 4719.203 2415 1268.088 3064.199 1187

Pulses (Kharif) 287.472 243.792 848 336.253 314.771 936 325.216 316.971 975

Pulses(Rabi)

251.312 248.458 989 214.765 357.712 1666 240.332 252.654 1091

Total 538.784 492.25 913 551.018 672.483 1220 566.623 570.270 1006

Oilseeds (Kharif)

29.173 25.120 861 35.566 32.357 909 32.668 32.332 990

Rabi 199.694 130.403 653 196.714 153.055 773 237.033 160.528 677

Total 228.807 155.733 679 232.280 184.392 794 269.701 192.860 715

Area in ‘000 ha Production in ‘000 tonnes Yield in kg/ha

7* 4th Advance estimate

173

278 287336 325

129 127

251215

567

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

Are

a in

000

ha

Year

Kharif Pulses Rabi Pulses

Coverage of Kharif and Rabi Pulses in ‘000 ha

8

182131 115

187244

315 317

113 137105 125

248

358

570

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

Prod

uctio

n in

000

ton

es

Year

Kharif Pulses Rabi Pulses

Production of Kharif and Rabi Pulses in ‘000 Tonnes

9

31 30 2455

29 36 3393 101118 127

200 197

237

0

50

100

150

200

250

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

Are

a in

000

ha

Year

Kharif Oilseeds Rabi Oilseeds

Coverage of Kharif and Rabi Oilseeds in ‘000 ha

10

19 21 1433 25 32 32

50 5265

81

130153 161

020406080

100120140160180

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

Prod

uctio

n in

00

0 To

nnes

Year

Kharif Oilseeds Rabi Oilseeds

Production of Kharif and Rabi Oilseeds in ‘000 Tonnes

11

APY of different Pulses Crops

Crop 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

A P Y A P Y A P YArhar 103.380 63.717 616 61.181 53.277 870 103.806 71.156 685

Urad 86.417 50.558 585 63.177 35.079 650 89.592 71.856 802

Moong 14.601 8.541 584 14.044 7.724 550 46.891 23.473 500

Kulthi 13.98 6.08 435 36.575 22.759 622 29.402 17.015 578

Bengal Gram 89.535 80.309 896 63.001 57.59 913 69.924 73.536 1052

Masur 19.514 15.803 809 42.726 34.461 806 20.939 17.210 822

Field Pea 25.808 34.901 1352 24.097 21.311 884 36.157 34.210 946

Crop 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 *

A P Y A P Y A P YArhar 137.741 125.906 914 192.737 199.819 1039 193.564 205.936 1064

Urad 99.591 88.851 892 95.962 86.812 905 93.378 86.352 925

Moong 17.261 11.682 696 25.497 16.068 630 17.429 11.675 670

Kulthi 15.772 9.460 625 11.253 6.634 590 21.920 13.653 623

Bengal Gram 149.474 154.819 1036 136.395 251.940 1847 158.000 172.141 1090

Masur 50.030 42.235 844 38.465 44.109 1147 39.977 33.773 845

Field Pea 41.505 46.315 1116 23.997 48.193 2008 33.902 40.756 1235

Area in ‘000 ha Production in ‘000 tonnes Yield in kg/ha

12* 4th Advance Estimate

61 63

14

37

63

43

24

104

90

47

29

70

21

36

138

100

17 16

149

50 42

193

96

25

11

136

38

24

194

93

17 22

158

40 34

0

50

100

150

200

250

Arhar Urad Moong Kulthi Bengal Gram Masur Pea

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

Coverage of different Pulses crops (’000 ha)

13

870

685

914

1039 1064

650

802

892 905 925

550500

696630

674

622578

625 590 623

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

Prod

ucti

vity

(Kg/

ha)

Year

Arhar Urad Moong Kulthi

Productivity Chart of Arhar, Urad, Moong & Kulthi Unit in Kg/ha

Productivity (Kg/ha) Chart of Pea, Bengal Gram, Masur

15

884 946

625

2008

1235

9131052 1036

1847

1090

806 822 844

1147

845

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

Prod

uctiv

ity (

Kg/h

a)

Pea Bengal Gram Masur

Popular varieties under Pulses

Sl. No. Crop Varieties

1. Arhar Bahar, Birsa Arhar-1, UPAS-120, ICPL-87119 (Asha), ICPL-85063 (Laxmi), ICPH- 2671, Narandra - 1

2. Black Gram (Urad) T9, Pant U-19, Pant U-30, Birsa Urad-1, Pant U-40

3. Green Gram (Moong) Pusa Vishal, SML- 668, K-851, PDM – 139, TM-37

4. Horse Gram (Kulthi) Birsa Kulthi-1, Madhu, A. K. -21, A. K. -42

5. Chickpea (Gram) BG-372, Pant G -114, Pusa -256, Kranti (ICCU-37), KWR -108, KPG-59, H.K.– 94 -134, KAK-2

6. Lentil (Masur) PL-406, PL – 639, KLS – 218, K- 75, HUL - 57

7. Pea DDR-23, Pusa Prabhat , Malviya Matar – 15

16

Seed Production Status (Pulses) Year Crop Production in Qtls

2012-13 Arhar 1410 qtls

Gram 1000 qtls

Lentil 500 qtls

Total 2910 qtls

2013-14 Arhar 17184 qtls

Blackgram 1540 qtls

Moong 1496 qtls

Gram 26500 qtls

Lentil 4000 qtls

Pea 8800 qtls

Total 59520 qtls

* Targeted 2014-15 Arhar 20500 qtls

Blackgram 1830 qts

Moong 2050 qtls

Gram 30500 qtls

Lentil 5600 qtls

Pea 10500 qtls

Total 70980 qtls 17

APY of different oilseed crops

Crop 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

A P Y A P Y A P Y

Groundnut 21.962 18.399 837 14.215 10.732 754 25.531 23.340 914

Niger 2.601 0.949 364 4.601 1.574 342 24.572 7.826 318

Sesamum 4.018 1.343 334 4.284 1.328 311 4.428 1.555 351

Mustard 66.921 36.232 541 96.256 55.695 578 110.863 72.371 653

Linseed 29.603 13.425 453 19.3842 8.464 426 15.873 8.163 514

Crop 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 *

A P Y A P Y A P Y

Groundnut 25.160 27.984 1112 22.404 26.272 1173 22.705 27.921 1230

Niger 7.491 3.896 520 4.600 2.420 526 3.227 1.644 509

Sesamum 7.681 2.771 361 8.247 2.921 354 5.804 2.058 355

Mustard 198.056 125.671 635 176.883 139.957 791 210.182 144.942 690

Linseed 25.082 13.434 536 25.664 16.405 639 25.883 14.992 579

Area in ‘000 ha Production in ‘000 tonnes Yield in kg/ha

18* 4th Advance Estimate

Coverage of different Oilseed crops (‘000 ha)

19

754

914

11121173

1230

342 318

520 526 509311 351

361 354

355

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

Prod

uctiv

ity ( K

g/ha

)

Groundnut Niger Sesamum

Productivity (Kg/ha) Chart of Groundnut, Niger, Sesamum

20

541 578 563635

791690

453 426514 536

639579

0100200300400500600700800900

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

Prod

uctiv

ity ( K

g/ h

a)

Mustard Linseed

Productivity (Kg/ha) Chart of Mustard and Linseed

21

Popular varieties under Oilseeds

S No. Crop Varieties

1. Groundnut Birsa Bold , A. K. 12-24, BG-1, BG-2, GG-13

2. Til Kanke Safed, Krishna, N-25

3. Soybean Brag, Birsa Soybean -1, J.S. -335, Birsa Safed Soybean-2, J-J. 80-21

4. Toria Toria-T9, PT-303, Panchali, Vardan

5. Rai/ Mustard Kranti, Pusa Bishal, Shivani, Pusa Bold

6. Niger Birsa Niger-1, Birsa Niger-2, Birsa Niger-3

7. Linseed T 397, Shekhar, Sweta, Shubhra

22

Requirement & Availability of Seeds under Pulses & Oilseeds

Kharif, 2014

Crop Requirement in Qtls

Availability in Qtls Deficit in Qtls (-)

Arhar 24015.00 2173.64 21841.36

Moong - - -

Urad 4700.00 1272.12 3427.88

Soyabean 4000.00 - 4000.00

Tori - - -

23

Requirement & Availability of Seeds under Pulses & Oilseeds

Rabi, 2014

Crop Requirement in Qtls

Availability in Qtls * Deficit (-)

Bengal Gram

34425.00 22985.00 11440.00

Pea 9075.00 8500.00 (-) 575.00

Masur 15750.00 860.00 (-) 14890.00

Mustard /Tori

6260.00 6164.00 (-) 96.00

Linseed 2805.00 8.00 (-) 2797.0024

Procurement of Pulses & Oilseeds • No procurement of Pulses and Oilseed till last

year. • Effort for procurement of pulses & oilseed is

undertaken from 2012-13. • NAFED (Central Govt. Agency) tie-up for

procurement.• VEGFED (State level Agency) engaged for

procurement through PACs/ LAMPs• District wise target for procurement of Pulses /

Oilseed finalized on the basis of production. • Dy. Commissioner of concerned district

designated to oversees the procurement process.

• ATMA & other agencies are involved for awareness programme for procurement. 25

Concerns in Oilseeds & Pulses

• Continued dependence of oilseeds on rainfed production system

• Non availability of quality seeds of improved varieties • Poor crop nutrition

– Sub-optimal and imbalanced use of major nutrients– Minimal use of secondary and micronutrients

• New biotic threats: • Inefficient processing• Inadequate marketing support and non-remunerative prices

26

Past growth Past growth – 49% contributed by area expansion

51% by productivity improvement

Area expansion in oilseed and Pulses crops which have

Shown higher growth rate of productivity due to technological development

Whose relative prices with competing crops have moved in their favour

Higher growth rates combined with higher prices resulting in sharp increases in total profitability

Area Expansion

27

Area Expansion

• Use of fallow / barren land under pulses and oilseed through land

reclamation and use of INM.

• Rice – fallow be used with short duration pulses & oilseed crops.

• Under remmunerative cropping system oilseed and pulses crop be used

as catch crop or relay crop.• Crop intensification in underutilized farming situations like rice -fallows• Intercropping in widely spaced crops• Situations of limited water availability• As options under contingency planning and as catch crops• Replacement of less-remunerative crops• Promotion of oilseed and Pulses crops in saline and acid soils• Crop diversification in rice-rice and rice-wheat system areas

28

Enhancing Oilseeds & Pulses Productivity

A combination of land saving technologies involving :

- High yielding varieties/hybrids

- Balanced and integrated crop nutrition

- Efficient crop management

- Integrated pest management

- Mechanisation

29

Nutrient Management in Oilseeds & Pulses

• Oilseeds & Pulses are energy rich crops grown under energy starved conditions

• Good response to major, (N, P, K); secondary (S) and micronutrients (Zn, B, Mo)

• Need for fertilizer management on a cropping system basis for high use efficiency

30

Biofertilizers in Oilseed & Pulses Production• Seed innoculation with Rhizobium in pulses

and Some oilseeds (Groundnut and Soybean) to save 20-25 kg N /ha.

• Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Azotobacter saves 20 to 30 kg N/ha in sesame, mustard, sunflower and safflower

• Application of phosphorus solubilising bacteria (PSB) mobilizes fixed P in soil and reduces P requirement

31

Irrigation

More than 77% of oilseeds & Pulses area is rainfed

Water requirements of oilseeds & Pulses are low as compared to cereals

Productivity of most oilseed & Pulses crops can almost be doubled with just one or two irrigations during critical stages

Diversify with oilseed and Pulses crops when water supplies are limited

32

Efficient Crop Management

Low cost and no cost technologies Crop rotation to improve soil health and to reduce pest build

up Soil and moisture conservation measures Timely planting Adequate plant stand through adjustment in seed rate and

thinning Timely weed management to reduce crop weed competition Need based plant protection with bioagents and biopesticides Promotion of PGPR like Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum,

PSB, etc. Liming in acid soil to improve crop productivity.

33

Important Insect Pests and Diseases of Oilseed Crops

Groundnut Leaf Spot Bud Necrosis Root Grub Spodoptera

Rapeseed-Mustard

Sunflower Alternaria leaf blight NecrosisCapitulum borer

Contd…

White rust AphidAlternaria

Soybean Tobacco caterpillar

Girdle beetle grub Green semilooper

34

Important Insect Pests and Diseases of Pulses Crops

Pigeonpea Pod borer Wilt

Black gram

Pea Powdary mildew RustPod borer

Pod borer Yellow mosaicHairy catter pillar

Chickpea Pod borer Wilt

Sterlity mosaic

Sucking insect Leaf wrinkle

35

Managing Insect Pests and Diseases

• Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices

have been standardized involving resistant

varieties, biocontrol agents, biopesticides and

need-based use of chemicals

• Additional benefit with IPM ranges from Rs.

2500/ha to Rs. 7600/ha in different oilseed &

Pulses crops

36

Preparedness for monitoring and Surveillance of insects, pests and diseases

• Selection of farmers facilitator / Scout one at every 100 ha area.

• Weekly report about occurrence of insect, pest & diseases by

farmers facilitator / Scout under his area.

• Monitoring by Block level extension functionaries (1000 ha) area.

• Constitution of Disaster Management Group at district level.

To keep surveillance on insect pest and diseases infestation in pulses and oilseed crops following arrangement may be made on the pattern of NFSM – A3P Pulses programme.

37

Strategy for enhancing Cost Benefit Ratio in Pulses and Oilseeds for making crops more

profitable

• Selection of area specific suitable crop variety.

• Use of higher yield potential crop varieties.

• Use of INM and IPM to increase productivity.

• To ensure one or two irrigation at critical growth stages.

• Proper marketing facility to fetch higher profitability in

local market.

• Arrangement for 100% seed treatment / seed

innoculation.

38

Innovative technology to be taken at farmers field during Rabi - 2014-15

• Arrangement for 100% seed treatment / seed

inoculation.

• Use of Sulphur at 20kgs/ha.

• Use of raingun to provide irrigation at critical growth

stages.

• Incentive to farmers for INM/IPM.

• Incentive for farm mechanization.

39

Future Research Thrusts

• Yield enhancement with resistance to biotic and

abiotic stresses

• Developing varieties suitable for different seasons/

situations

• Hybrid development and seed production

technology

• Biotechnological approaches

40

Road Map for Oilseed & Pulses Sector Expand oilseed and Pulses area

• Rice fallows and non-traditional areas• Intercropping• Crop diversification

Effective technology dissemination for enhancing productivity • Quality seed of improved varieties• Balanced crop nutrition• Protective irrigation• Effective crop management• Integrated pest management

Provide favorable policy back up• Decontrol of traditional oilseeds and Pulses from small scale sector to enhance efficiency of

processing• Effective market interventions• Favourable trade policy

41

Improving Production and Productivity of Oilseeds & Pulses in India

Favourable Policy Framework(Processing, Marketing, Trade)

Area Expansion• Replacing non-remunerative crops

• Rice fallows

• Intercropping

• Problem areas

• Contingency plans

• Water scarce situations

• Value addition as an incentive

• Diversification in Rice-Wheat System

Productivity Improvement• Quality seed• Protective irrigation• Increased fertilizer use

(major, secondary and micro nutrients)

• Farm mechanisation• Efficient crop management• Effective technology transfer• Over coming biotic/abiotic stresses

through novel approaches (long-term)

42

43

Issues to be Considered

Sanction of NFSM – Pulses programme in all the 24 districts in Jharkhand.

Approval of one more unit of PMT for State Monitoring cell.

Approval of cropping sequence based demonstration is needed.

Approval of intervention local initiative, other initiatives ( Demonstrations in remote areas), Assistance for custom hiring under NFSM – Rice and Pulses is needed.

Approval for PMT in Ranchi and Deoghar districts is needed.

Crop Diversification in upland ecosystems.

Integrated watershed development.

Amelioration of acidic soils to increase the crop productivity.

Development of integrated farming system models to achieve food and nutritional security at household level.Ensuring the supply of quality seed and planning material.

Integrated pest and disease management with the use of bio-pesticides, bio-agent, PGR and micro nutrients.Weather based forecasting for disease and pest surveillance.

Selection and propagation of elite planting material suitable for different soil types.

Integrated nutrient and water management.

Use of micro-irrigation and fertigation technology.

Developing real time disease and pest maps for management and internal quarantine.

Researchable Issue to Make State Self Sufficient

Predominantly Rain fed Agriculture.

Climatic change: Shift in rainfall pattern and frequent drought.

Instability in food production.

Erratic rainfall, long dry spells, occasional heavy rains, cloudy weather and high humidity at the time of flowering and pod setting result in poor yield.

Non-availability of quality seed at appropriate rate and time.

Proper intercultural operations are essential for root and nodulation development of pulses crops.

Pulses are generally grown under deficit moisture and poor management practices. The farmers either do not apply fertilizers or if they apply, application method is not proper. The pulse crops are very vulnerable to a large number of pest and diseases, as compared to cereals and other crops. Lack of improved crop management practices and timely plant protection measures.

Climatic and Socio-economic Constraints for Pulses & Oilseed in Jharkhand

About 66% area of soils are low in available P content, 18% soils low in K content, 38% soils low in sulphur, 7% soils are deficient in available zinc, 4% in available copper while 75% soils are deficient in available boron.

70 % of Soils are deficient in organic carbon and micronutrient. Majority of soils have medium status of available N (280-560 kg/ha), about 19.6% area have low available N Content.

About 49% area of soils are extremely acidic to strongly acidic (pH<5.5) and 36% area suffering from moderate to slight soil acidity (pH 6.6-7.3) accounts for only 8% in State.

Problems related to soil

Watershed based approach for rain water harvesting and in-situ rain water conservation should be heavily emphasized.

Soil moisture management should be focused for improving pulses production.

Insect-pests and disease take a heavy toll of chickpea and other Rabi pulses and become threat in the State.

The use of high yielding, short duration, disease and insect pest resistant and fertilizer responsive varieties of pulses is the need of the hour.

Rice-fallow area can bring substantial additional area under Rabi pulses.

Specific strains of Rhizobium and PSB should be used for seed treatment.

Breeding varieties resistant Ascochyta blight, botrytis gray mould, wilt or root rot, pod borer and nematodes in chickpea, rust and wilt or root rot in lentil and powdery mildew and rust in field pea for stabilizing the yield should be vigorously pursued.

Breeding varieties tolerant to high and low temperature, drought and salt stress to bring more area under pulses.

Major Strategies for Pulses Production in Jharkhand

A massive upgrading of the present yield levels of the existing varieties is required by developing new plant types responsive to inputs. Development of early maturing cultivars for multiple cropping sequences to increase the overall productivity.

Developing plant types suitable for intercropping with cereals and commercial crops. Technology developed for rainfed area, farming systems, water management and biological nitrogen fixation should be made more effective by in-depth research activities so as to develop the location specific production technology for different pulse crop.

Development of crop management system for efficient use of natural and applied inputs in production of different pulse crops.

Basic researches on physiological and nutritional aspects for increasing photosynthesis efficiencies.

Molecular characterization of pathogens and developing diagnostic tools for detection their strains, races and biotypes. Development of efficient integrated pest and disease management for different crop situation. On farm testing and transfer of improved technology. Seed treatment & seed inoculation.

Major Strategies for Oilseeds Production in Jharkhand

The genetic up gradation of the available cultivars of oilseeds to increase productivity coupled with insulation against biotic stresses through biotechnology and genetic- engineering approaches.

Development of integrated nutrient and fertilizer management schedules.

Integrated pest and disease management modules have to be developed to control the diverse biotic stresses and make the oilseed crop more sustainable.

Product diversification and value additional into the different oilseeds would greatly enhance the demand and sustain growth and hence require attention.

Development of low input technologies.

Research on post harvest technologies, development of agricultural implements particularly with reference to seeding, harvesting and threshing operations of oilseeds crops suited to small farmer’s fields should be given top priority.

Development of technologies for the efficient extraction of available oil from the seed.

Expanding the crop into newer cropping areas.

Development of strong and vibrant programmes for quality seed production and supply. Exploitation of perennial sources of oilseeds through non-traditional oil-bearing species. Fine tunning of existing transfer of technology system.

THANK YOU

50