.,/4ame: _____________ _ Date: ------

Transcription Classwork Fill in the blank.

1. Where does transcription occur? ___________ _ _ 2. When you transcribe the DNA what molecule do you create? _ _ ___ _ 3. What nitrogen base pair do we replace with Uracil? ______ _ 4. Short Answer: Why do we have to transcribe the DNA?

5. Think for yourself: If a cytosine nucleotide was destroyed would the DNA be able to be fixed? If no, explain why not and what you think would happen to that DNA. If yes, explain why and how it would be fixed . Remember to be as specific as possible. Write the name of your favorite animal by your name if you read this.

Transcribe the following DNA strands: 6. DNA strand: AG CT AG AT C GA TC CC GATA A G G GT TA G CT AG AT

mRNA:

7. DNA strand: G GA TC GA A ATC GATA G CT AG ATC GATA A A AG CT mRNA

8. DNA: G G C A A TA AT A C C G C T G AT mRNA:

(3 pts per box) Completely fill out this chart comparing the structure and function of DNA & RNA Question . __ .\ .. ,.,<"·D.NA, '·. . ., ..

What does it stand for?

What is the function?

What are the nitrogen base pairs?

How many strands?

Where is it found?

How many types are there and what are they called?

RNA

Name Date Block Grade: ------------ ----------- ------ -----Translation Practice

Remember: POLYPEPTIDE = AMINO ACID!!! !

Use the diagram below to answer parts 1-6:

0 y-DNA:-~- 1.....;."-__ RNA ----=-

3----~

DNA Cell parts

1. What is the process labeled by #1? _____ _ 2. What is the process labeled by #2? ______ _ 3. What is the process labeled by #3? _ _ _ ___ _ 4. What is the produce of process #3? _ _ ___ _ 5. Which processes occur in the nucleus?# _ _ and # __ 6. Which process occurs in the ribosome?# __

7. Place the following processes in the correct sequence from what happens first to what happens last in protein synthesis.

I. A polypeptide, soon to be a protein, is produced. 11. DNA code is transcribed to mRNA, which moves to a ribosome. Ill. Amino acids are joined by covalent bonds. IV. tRNA brings amino acids to the mRNA in the ribosome.

First ___ _ Second ___ _ Third __ _ Fourth ___ _

Use the Codon Chart below to practice translating a strand of mRNA into a protein/polypeptide chain. U C A G

First Position (5')

u

C

A

G

Phenylalanine Phenylalanine LGucine Leucine Leucine Leucine Leucine Leucine lsoleuGine lso leucine lso leucine Methionine Valine Valine Valing Valine

1. mRNA strand :

Serine Serine Serine Serine Proline Praline Prolins PIDline n-1 reoni rni Threonine Threonirni n-1 reoni rn~ Alanine Alanine Alanine Alanine

AUG CCC

Tyrosine Cysteine Wrosine C~'Sleine stc,p Stop Stop T1y·ptophan

Histidina Arginine Histidine Arginine Glutamine Arginine Glutamine Argin ine Asparagin e Serine Asparagine Serine Lysine Argin ine Lysine Arginine Aspartic acid Glycine Aspartic acid Gl ycine Glutamic add Glycine Glutamic add Gl vcine

uuu GAG polypeptide chain: methionine-histidine-_____ _

2. mRNA strand: AUG GGG UGG AGA AGU GUG UGA polypeptide chain: ___ _

3. mRNA strand: AUG AGU AAC CCA UAA polypeptide chain: -_____ _

LI C A G LI C A

G Third Position LI (3') C A G LI C A G

AAG CGU UAA

4. A change in the order of nucleotides that code for a respiratory protein will most likely cause what to happen?

I I

Name: - --- - - - - - - - - Class Period:

Punnett Square Practice: Minion Genetics Gru has asked Dr. Nefario to help him get the best Minions possible. He wants to find out which traits are more likely to be seen in his Minions. He is going to observe the phenotypes and then use his special science tool to help him predict genotypes of future Minion populations.

What is the name of the special science tool he can use to predict genetic outcomes? ______ _

Phenotypes are __ -:--:--:-----:--:---------------------- -­Circle the phenotypes in the list below:

two eyes EE combed hair sprout hair Hh hh one eye ee

Genotypes are the combination of alleles that detennine a trait. Circle the genotypes in the list below:

sprout hair Hh EE one eye ee two eyes hh combed hair

A dominant trait is ___________________________ _ ___ _

A recessive trait is------------------------------- -

Look at the genotypes below and tell whether it is a heterozygous or homozygous genotype. Then, label each genotype as showing a dominant or recessive phenotype. Genotype Heterozygous or Homozygous? Dominant or Recessive Phenotype? EE Ee ti

Tt hh HH

Predicting the Outcome:

f .)~/ 1~ .....

~~ <,:(~ . ... I • :· · 1 ~· Having two eyes (E) is dominant over one eye (e) in Minions. Make a Punnet! Square for the cross of a heterozygous female Minion with a one-eyed male Minion. Give the possible genotype and phenotype outcomes in a percent ratio.

Created by: J. Lovejoy

r~1r~;0'f•~~;?~:C;r-r;-;~j

1•·. ···: ... ··• .. :·'· .. <.~•-:"°'~.:; .· . ':ii Hair (H) in Minions is a trait to be admired. Having sprout hair is dominant to comhed down hair. Show a cross hetween a homozygous mom with sprout hair and a purebred dad with sprout hair. Give the genotype and phenotype ratios for the offspring.

Short phenotypes are a recessive trait in Minions. Show the cross between two hybrid Minions and answer the questions below.

T= t =

What is the genotype of the mom?

What is the genotype of the dad?

What is the percent chance of having a short baby? What is their possible genotype? _ _ _

What is the percent chance of having a homozygous tall baby?

What is the percent chance of having a heterozygous tall baby?

What is the chance that these parents can have a purebred baby? Explain your answer. _____ _

Created by: J. Lovejoy

~ Monohybrid Mice!

Name - ----------~Date

Directions: Solve each problem showing your work in the Punnell square. For each cross, give the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring and the probability of gelling each. List these in the table seen by each problem . Answer the questions that accompany each problem.

Wlu,t you 11eed to k11ow about the mice: In laboratory mice, gray coat color (G) is dominant over albino coat color. (g) .

~ I. Cross a female Gg with a male gg.

# _____ I . What is the probability of getting gray offspring?

_ _ ___ 2. What is the probability of gelling albino offspring?

_____ 3. How many possible genotypes are there among the offspring?

_____ 4. How many possible phenotypes are there among the offspring?

_____ 5. What is the probability of gelling heterozygous offspring?

_____ 6. What is the probability of gelling homozygous offspring?

_____ 7. What color is the female?

_____ 8. What color is the male?

II. Cross a homozygous gray female with a heterozygous male.

_ ____ I. What is the probability of getting gray offspring?

_____ 2. What is the probability of getting albino offspring?

_____ 3. How many possible genotypes are there among the offspring?

_____ 4. How many possible phenotypes are there among the offspring?

_____ 5. What is the probability of gelling heterozygous offspring?

_____ 6. What is the probability of gelling homozygous offspring?

___ _ _ 7. What is the genotype of the female?

_____ 8. What color is the male?

~~

Genotypes I Phenotypes

Genotypes I Phenotypes

III. Cross a gray female, whose father was albino, with a heterozygous male.

lt Genotypes I Phenotypes

____ I. What is the probability of getting gray offspring?

___ _ 2 What is the probability of getting albino offspring?

____ 3. I-low many possible genotypes are there among the offspring?

____ 4. How many poss ible phenotypes are there among the offspring?

____ 5. What is the probability of getting heterozygous offspring?

____ 6. What is the probability of getting homozygous offspring?

____ 7. What is the genotype of the femal~? How do you know?

____ 8. What is the genotype of the male? How do you know?

IV. Cross an albino female, whose father was gray, with a gray male, whose mother was albino.

Genotypes I Phenotypes

~

____ I. What is the probabili ty of getting gray offspring?

_ ___ 2. What is the probability of getting albino offspring?

____ 3. How many possible genotypes are there among the offspring?

____ 4. How many poss ible phenotypes are there among the offspring?

____ 5. What is the probability of getting heterozygous offspring?

____ 6. What is the probability of getting homozygous offspring?

____ 7. What was the genotype of the father of the a lbino female?

V:-:)

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