IFSA ScotlandDates for your Diary

Englightenment, Revolution & Romanticism in Edinburgh

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As part of your course, we have planned an excurison for you on Thursday of each week. Each excurision will depart from Canal Point, the programme residence at 9.45am. All excursions are mandatory. If for any reason, you cannot attend an event due to illness, please notify Deirdra at dmccourt@ifsa-butler.org. Each excursion will end at approximately 1pm excluding the trip to St Andrews which will return to Edinburgh at 5pm.

Thursday 3rd July 2014Visit to Holyrood Palace & Arthur’s Seat- see the following pages for more details.

Thursday 10th July 2014Visit to Old Collge at the University of Edinburgh, Greyfriar’s Kirkyard & St Giles Cathedral - see the following pages for more details.

Thursday 17th July 2014Visit to Surgeon’s Hall, Calton Hill Cemetery & Calton Hill - see the following pages for more details.

Thursday 24th July 2014Visit to St Andrews for a tour of the university, the Old Course and the ruins of the Castle & Cathedral. We will be travelling by private coach for this excursion. The coach will pick you up outside Canal Point at 9.45am. We will return to Edinburgh at approximately 5pm.

IFSA Scotland Dates for your Diary

The Palace of Holyrood HouseHolyrood literally means “Holy Cross” and was originally built as the Abbey for Canons by King David I. Legend has it that the king was hunting one day in 1128 when his horse was startled by a stag. King David was thrown to the ground and faced the charging stag. In desperation he grabbed hold of the stag’s antlers which then miraculously changed into a crucifix.

A royal residence was built in the early 1300’s and is still used by the royal family. The palace is closed to the public during these visits, typically in mid May, the last two weeks of June and the first week of July. It is the royal family’s official residence in Scotland, but is more famous as the 16thcentury home of the ill-fated Mary, Queen of Scots. The palace developed from a guest house, attached to Holyrood Abbey, which was extended by King James IV in 1501. The oldest surviving part of the building, the northwestern tower, was built in 1529 as a royal apartment for James V and his wife, Mary of Guise. Mary, Queen of Scots spent six turbulent years here, during which time she debated with John Knox, married both her first and second husbands, and witnessed the murder of her secretary David Rizzio.

Thursday 3rd July 20149.45am - meet your tour guide at reception at Canal Point.

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Arthur’s Seat is an ancient dormant volcano that provides a burst of fresh countryside 823 ft above the city centre. The name is thought to be influenced by the legends of King Arthur (some also believe it was the location of Camelot), but it has also been suggested that the original name was “Archer’s Seat”.

In 1836 seventeen small wooden coffins, each containing a carved figurine, were found just below the summit in a small cave. No one knows why there were put there, but witchcraft was suspected at the time. Some speculate that they may be a memorial to the seventeen victims of the notorious murderers Burke and Hare.

Arthur’s Seat is known as ‘Pratt’s Hill’ to the Mormon Church. The apostle Orson Pratt climbed Arthur’s Seat in 1840 and prayed for 200 new converts for the church in Scotland, which, according to Pratt, was granted.

Arthur’s Seat

Old College at the University of EdinburghOld College is one of the oldest buildings of the University of Edinburgh. It is located on South Bridge and presently houses parts of the University’s administration, the University of Edinburgh School of Law and the Talbot Rice Gallery. Originally called the “New College”, it was designed by Robert Adam to replace a number of older buildings.

In 1789 subscriptions were raised to fund a new university building in Edinburgh to replace an existing collection of dilapidated buildings. The foundation stone was laid in November of that year for what was proposed as a building with a “First Court”, giving access to professor’s lodgings. This was followed by a Great Court around which the main academic halls and lecture rooms would be arranged. In the following year the death of the architect, Robert Adam, the outbreak of the Napoleonic Wars along with the imposition of income tax slowed and then ultimately halted progress. In 1815 further funds were raised and work recommenced. Plans were submitted by nine architects showing their proposals to continue the design work, and William Henry Playfair was appointed architect in 1817. Playfair’s design clove close to Adam’s but combined the two courts into a single large quadrangle. By 1827 the building was virtually complete with the exception of fitting out the library, and construction of a dome which Adam had proposed at the east end of the building. This was left out as a cost saving reasons and eventually added in 1887, to a design by Sir Robert Rowand Anderson.

Thursday 10th July 20149.45am - meet your tour guide at reception at Canal Point.

Greyfriars KirkyardGreyfriars Kirkyard is the graveyard surrounding Greyfriars Kirk in Edinburgh, located at the southern edge of the Old Town. Burials have been taking place since the late 16th century and a number of notable Edinburgh residents are interred here.

The Kirkyard was involved in the history of the Covenanters. The Covenanting movement began with signing of the National Covenant in Greyfriars Kirk on 28th February 1638. Following the defeat of the militant Covenanters at Bothwell Brig in 1679, some 1200 Covenanters were imprisoned in a field to the south of the churchyard. In the 18th century, part of this field was amalgamated into the churchyard as vaulted tombs the area became known as the “Covenanters’ Prison”.

The graveyard is also associated with Greyfriars Bobby, the loyal dog who guarded his master’s grave. Bobby’s headstone at the entrance to the Kirkyard, erected by the Dog Aid Society in 1981, marks his actual burial place in an unconsecrated patch of the Kirkyard - a peculiarity which has led to many misunderstandings and fictions about his burial. The grave of Edinburgh police officer John Gray, where the dog famously slept for 13 years, lies on the eastern path.

St Giles Cathedral

Harry PotterTake a closer look through the kirkyard and you may recognise some names. J.K. Rowling used to wander through this kirkyard and you will find some of her most characters buried here.

Greyfriars Kirkyard is the graveyard surrounding Greyfriars Kirk in Edinburgh, located at the southern edge of the Old Town. Burials have been taking place since the late 16th century and a number of notable Edinburgh residents are interred here.

The Kirkyard was involved in the history of the Covenanters. The Covenanting movement began with the signing of the National Covenant in Greyfriars Kirk on 28th February 1638. Following the defeat of the militant Covenanters at Bothwell Brig in 1679, some 1200 Covenanters were imprisoned in a field to the south of the churchyard. In the 18th century, part of this field was amalgamated into the churchyard as vaulted tombs the area became known as the “Covenanters’ Prison”.

The graveyard is also associated with Greyfriars Bobby, the loyal dog who guarded his master’s grave. Bobby’s headstone at the entrance to the Kirkyard, erected by the Dog Aid Society in 1981, marks his actual burial place in an unconsecrated patch of the Kirkyard - a peculiarity which has led to many misunderstandings and fictions about his burial. The grave of Edinburgh police officer John Gray, where the dog famously slept for 13 years, lies on the eastern path.

St Giles’ Cathedral, more properly termed the High Kirk of Edinburgh is the principal place of worship of the Church of Scotland in Edinburgh. Its distinctive crown steeple is a prominent feature of the city skyline. It is located a third of the way down the Royal Mile which runs from the Castle to Holyrood Palace. The church has been one of Edinburgh’s religious focal points for approximately 900 years. The present church dates from the late 14th century, though it was extensively restored in the 19th century and is protected as a category A listed building.Today it is sometimes regarded as the “Mother Church of Presbyterianism”. The cathedral is dedicated to Saint Giles, who is the patron saint of Edinburgh, as well as of cripples and lepers and was a very popular saint in the Middle Ages. It is the Church of Scotland parish church for part of Edinburgh’s Old Town.

St Giles’ was only a cathedral in its formal sense (i.e. the seat of a bishop) for two periods during the 17th century (1635–1638 and 1661–1689), when episcopalianism, backed by the Crown, briefly gained ascendancy within the Kirk. In the mediaeval period, prior to the Reformation, Edinburgh had no cathedral as the royal burgh was part of the Diocese of St Andrews, under the Bishop of St Andrews whose episcopal seat was St Andrew’s Cathedral.

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Surgeons Hall

Old Calton Cemetery was opened in 1718 and is the resting place of several notable Edinburgh residents, including philosopher David Hume, publisher William Blackwood and clergyman Dr Robert Candlish. It is also the site of the Political Martyrs’ Monument, an obelisk erected in memory of a number of political reformers. The burial ground was altered following the construction of Waterloo Place in 1819, which divided the graveyard into two sections.

Old Calton Hill Graveyard

St Andrews Castle

The antiquity of St. Andrews is visible today in its monuments, wonderful old buildings, city walls, houses of stone and medieval street plan. The castle and the ruins of the once magnificent cathedral stand testament to a violent history. Over the centuries, the castle has witnessed many conflicts and deeds of infamy. It was besieged many times, the most famous being the siege of 1546-1547. In the 16th century, religion was very important in Scotland. The church was involved in every aspect of day-to-day life, from education and health to law and order.

The Reformation split the church into Catholic and Protestant factions. Scotland was a Catholic nation, but some were beginning to feel that the teachings of Rome were out of touch with the changing world. Reform seemed to be on the way, but at this stage only a very small number of Scots favoured Protestantism and a complete break with the Catholic Church. The country faced a crisis when James V died in 1542. His only heir was the infant Mary, Queen of Scots. Both France and England tried to claim the Scottish throne by marrying Mary. England was Protestant, France was Catholic. The issue of Scotland’s faith became more than a question of religion – it was a question of power and politics in Europe as well.

In the end, it was the French who triumphed. Tensions began to grow between Scottish Catholics and English Protestants. Scottish Protestants were increasingly viewed as dangerous turncoats who sided with the English. Despite this, persecution of Protestants in Scotland was rare, but one prominent figure was George Wishaer, a popular preacher who was captured and executed on the authority of the Catholic Church in 1546. His death sparked a rebellion by local Protestants. They executed the cardinal responsible for ordering Wishart’s death, and took refuge in St Andrews castle, forming the first Protestant congregation in

Surgeons’ Hall is the headquarters of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (RCSED). It houses the Surgeons’ Hall Museum, the library and archive of the RCSED. The present Surgeons’ Hall was designed by William Henry Playfair and completed in 1832 and is a category A listed building. The Museum at Surgeons Hall dates from 1699 when the Incorporation of Edinburgh Surgeons announced that they were making a collection of ‘natural and artificial curiosities’ and advertised for these in the first edition of a local paper, the Edinburgh Gazette. Daniel Defoe, an early visitor in 1726, wrote in his Tour thro’ the whole Island of Great Britain that the ‘chamber of rarities’ contained many curious things too numerous for him to describe.

Thursday 17th July 20149.45am - meet your tour guide at reception at Canal Point.

Thursday 24th July 20149.45am - meet Deirdra at reception at Canal Point.

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St Andrews Cathedral

Patrick Hamilton was an early Protestant reformer who was burned at the stake outside St Salvator’’s Chapel in 1528 at the age of 24. His initials are set in stone at the base of St. Salvator’s clock tower on North Street. Students of St Andrews never step on the monogram - it is said to bring bad luck and failures on exams! If, however, you are unfortunate enough to step on the initials, there is one antidote - a dip in the chilly North Sea on May 1st at 5am.

There are also strange markings on the wall of the clock tower which many people say are the impression of Patrick Hamilton’s face!

The St Andrews Cathedral was founded in 1158 and contruction was completed over a century later. Once Scotland’s largest and most impressive church, it had been destroyed by storms and fires throughout the ages and rebuilt several times. It was built on a site used for worship since the 8th century, where the relics of St Andrew are said to have been placed.

Legend says that Saint Regulus was the guardian of the relics of St Andrew at Patras in Greece in the 4th century. After being warned by an angel that Constantinople was going to remove them, Regulas resolved to take them elsewhere. His boat was wrecked off the Fife coast and the bones of Saint Andrew were brought to Kilrimont and interred in a shrine.

The Protestant Reformation brought about the demise of the cathedral. In1559 John Knox gave a fiery sermon in St Andrews parish church that inspired the congregation to immediately strip the cathedral of its splendid art and furnishings. As the church gradually deteriorated, the stones were used to build new establishments in St Andrews.

Notes

Scotland. The castle was besieged; it was bombarded by cannons, and guns were even mounted on the towers of the Cathedral and St. Salvator’s Church. Attempts were made to tunnel into the Castle, but this was foiled by a counter-mine dug out by the rebels. The tunnels dug during the siege can still be explored by visitors to the Castle today.

Notes