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Dates of the Middle Ages
Dates of the Middle Ages
Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000
High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250
Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500
BREAK UP OF WESTERN EUROPE
In the early middle ages, Germanic tribes established their own kingdoms:Angles and
Saxons in England
Visigoths in Spain
Lombards in Northern Italy
Franks took Gaul (present-day France)
THE RISE OF THE FRANKS
Charles Martel united the Franks.
732: Martel stopped the advance of Islam from Spain into France at the Battle of Tours.
The Franks established the largest of the new Germanic kingdoms in what is now France.
Clovis:King of the Franks,
conquered Gaul and then converted to Christianity in 486, the religion of the people in Gaul. By doing so, he gained the support of the people of Gaul and a powerful ally in the Christian Church of Rome.
THE REIGN OF CHARLEMAGNE: 742 -814
• Grandson of Charles Martel, Charlemagne became king of the Franks in 768.
• Built an Empire from the North Sea to the Mediterranean - included most of modern France, Germany, Holland, Switzerland and Northern Italy
• Supported by the pope, he spread Christianity throughout conquered lands
• Re-birth of Education at Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle)
Pope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec.
25, 800
Pope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec.
25, 800• This step announced to the world that Western Europe was now independent from the Byzantine emperor.
• Also signified the new political and religious unity of Western Europe under the concept of Christendom.
• After Charlemagne’s death, his empire was divided among his sons.
• This step announced to the world that Western Europe was now independent from the Byzantine emperor.
• Also signified the new political and religious unity of Western Europe under the concept of Christendom.
• After Charlemagne’s death, his empire was divided among his sons.
Legacy of Charlemagne
Effects of Crowning
Charlemagne spread Christianity throughout Northern Europe / The crowning widened the split between the East and the West.
GovernmentCharlemagne allowed local nobles allowed to keep most of their power (just don't fight against Charlemagne).
EducationCenter of learning set up in AACHEN (the second Rome) under the direction of Alcuin.
Death
Died in 814 / Charlemagne did not leave a strong successor. His sons fought for 30 years and finally split up the empire into 3 parts by the Treaty of Verdun.
Legacy
Extended Christianity into Northern Europe. Blended German/Roman & Christian Traditions Later European leaders used him as the example of a strong ruler.
EUROPE FACES NEW THREATSThe Vikings • Scandinavia• Vicious/ Warriors/ Barbarians
Maygars & Slavs • Hungary
Muslims • Spain• Moors defeated once by his
Grandfather (the Hammer)
CHARLEMAGNE
Fierce warriors and sailors from Scandinavia in N. Europe.
Sailed south in search of trade, loot, and land.
Between 800-1000, launched repeated and brutal assaults on the coasts of Western Europe, spreading fear and destruction.
BUT created new TRADE ROUTES.Their longboats were easy to
maneuver and could sail in heavy seas or close to land.
Europe’s Greatest Threat: The VIKINGS