Date Topic: Occupational diseases related to

group

12 May 2011 1. Respiratory system 1. Group 12. Group 2

19 May 2011 1. Dermatology –Musculoskeletal system

1. Group 32. Group 4

26 May 2011 1. Neurology system 1. Group 52. Group 6

2 June 2011--Holiday--

1. Reproductive system2. Gastroenterology system

1. Group 72. Group 8

9 june 2011 1. Cancer 1. Group 92. Group 10

- each group should make a - each group should make a presentation about occupational presentation about occupational diseases for each topicdiseases for each topic

- 3 related diseases- 3 related diseases - the hazards, mechanism of the - the hazards, mechanism of the

disease transmission/infection and disease transmission/infection and preventionprevention

Applying Occupational Applying Occupational health and safety in several health and safety in several occupational environment occupational environment

and aspectand aspect

Public Health DepartmentPublic Health Department

Faculty of MedicineFaculty of Medicine

To introduce applicable To introduce applicable Occupational health and safety in Occupational health and safety in several occupational environment several occupational environment and aspectand aspect

Danggur Kondarus, Keselamatan Kesehatan Danggur Kondarus, Keselamatan Kesehatan Kerja, Litbang Danggur & Partners, 2006,page 71-Kerja, Litbang Danggur & Partners, 2006,page 71-9292

Levy & Wegman, Occupational Health, Levy & Wegman, Occupational Health, Recognizing and Preventing Work Related Recognizing and Preventing Work Related Disease. Third Edition. Little Broan and Company, Disease. Third Edition. Little Broan and Company, Boston / NewYork/Toronto/London,2006. Chapter : Boston / NewYork/Toronto/London,2006. Chapter : 32 32

Rosenstock, Textbook of Clinical Occupational Rosenstock, Textbook of Clinical Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Second Edition, and Environmental Medicine, Second Edition, Saunders, 2005. Chapter : 11,12 Saunders, 2005. Chapter : 11,12

Applying Occupational health and safety in:Applying Occupational health and safety in:

1.1. AgricultureAgriculture

2.2. Construction site sectorConstruction site sector

3.3. Transportation Sector (Land, Water and Transportation Sector (Land, Water and Air)Air)

4.4. Petroleum, gas and mining sectorPetroleum, gas and mining sector

5.5. Industrial sectorIndustrial sector

6.6. Office environmentOffice environment

1. Agriculture1. Agriculture

Worldwide, more people work in Worldwide, more people work in agriculture than in any other industryagriculture than in any other industry

Farm work remains one of the most Farm work remains one of the most labor intensive and lowest paid labor intensive and lowest paid occupationoccupation

Contact with infected animalsContact with infected animals Dermatitis among agricultural workers has Dermatitis among agricultural workers has

been associated with exposure :been associated with exposure :

- a variety of chemical agents - a variety of chemical agents including pesticidesincluding pesticides

- sensitivity to plant material- sensitivity to plant material

such as poison ivy and poison such as poison ivy and poison oakoak

- infectious agent- infectious agent

Agricultural work is one of the most Agricultural work is one of the most common forms and the most common forms and the most dangerous form of child labordangerous form of child labor

Agriculture is considered one of the Agriculture is considered one of the most hazardous industries for most hazardous industries for occupational injuries and deathoccupational injuries and death

Selected Hazards and Health Selected Hazards and Health effects in Agricultureeffects in Agriculture

Health EffectHealth Effect HazardHazard

Musculoskeletal Musculoskeletal disordersdisorders

Prolonged stooping, heavy lifting Prolonged stooping, heavy lifting repetitive movements repetitive movements planting, planting, pruning, harvestingpruning, harvesting

Pesticide related Pesticide related conditionsconditions

Mixing, loading and applying pesticidesMixing, loading and applying pesticides

Traumatic injuriesTraumatic injuries Work related incidents with tractors and Work related incidents with tractors and other farm equipment, motor vehicle other farm equipment, motor vehicle crashes, lacerations from sharp tools for crashes, lacerations from sharp tools for cutting and pruningcutting and pruning

RespiratoryRespiratory

conditionconditionAirborne exposure to allergic and irritant Airborne exposure to allergic and irritant substancessubstances

Health EffectHealth Effect HazardHazard

DermatitisDermatitis Skin contact with allergic and irritant Skin contact with allergic and irritant substances, occurring in the soil and substances, occurring in the soil and crops or in fertilizers and pesticidescrops or in fertilizers and pesticides

Infectious Infectious DiseasesDiseases

Inadequate sanitation facilities, exposure Inadequate sanitation facilities, exposure to TBC,STDto TBC,STD

CancerCancer Exposure to chemical substancesExposure to chemical substances

Eg. Pesticides or prolonged sun exposureEg. Pesticides or prolonged sun exposure

Eye conditionEye condition Exposure to dusty condition, foreign Exposure to dusty condition, foreign bodies from plant material penetrating bodies from plant material penetrating the eyethe eye

Mental disordersMental disorders Long working hours, inadequate pay, Long working hours, inadequate pay, social isolation from family and friendsocial isolation from family and friend

2. Construction workers2. Construction workers

Construction workers build, repair, Construction workers build, repair, renovate, modify and demolish renovate, modify and demolish structure : houses, office building, structure : houses, office building, temples, factories, hospitals, roads, temples, factories, hospitals, roads, bridges. Tunnels, stadium, airports bridges. Tunnels, stadium, airports etc.etc.

Construction work is composed of Construction work is composed of many different taskmany different task

Construction :Construction :

often must be done in extreme heat often must be done in extreme heat or cold, in windy, rainy, snowy, or or cold, in windy, rainy, snowy, or foggy weather, or at nightfoggy weather, or at night

Intermittent and seasonal workIntermittent and seasonal work Episodic employment, frequent Episodic employment, frequent

change employerchange employer The most dangerous occupationsThe most dangerous occupations

Constructions occupationsConstructions occupations BoilermakersBoilermakers Brick masonsBrick masons CarpentersCarpenters Carpet installerCarpet installer Cement masonsCement masons Construction laborerConstruction laborer ElectriciansElectricians Insulation workersInsulation workers Operating engineersOperating engineers PaintersPainters PaperhangerPaperhanger PlumberPlumber RoofersRoofers Sheet metal workerSheet metal worker StonemasonsStonemasons

Health hazards in constructionHealth hazards in construction

LeadLead NoiseNoise Musculoskeletal disordersMusculoskeletal disorders Respiratory diseasesRespiratory diseases DermatitisDermatitis CancerCancer

Lead exposure and lead toxicity are Lead exposure and lead toxicity are particularly important problem in the particularly important problem in the construction industryconstruction industry

Excessive lead exposures are Excessive lead exposures are associated with several construction associated with several construction tasktask

NoiseNoise

Construction workers generally have Construction workers generally have excessive noise exposure and high excessive noise exposure and high rates of noise induced hear lossrates of noise induced hear loss

> 500,000 construction workers are > 500,000 construction workers are exposed to potentially hazardous exposed to potentially hazardous levels of noiselevels of noise

Exp. Bulldozer, crane cabs, drillExp. Bulldozer, crane cabs, drill

Musculoskeletal DisordersMusculoskeletal Disorders

as work related injuries in as work related injuries in constructionconstruction

Construction workers have a high Construction workers have a high prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal complaintscomplaints

such as pain, aches, discomfortsuch as pain, aches, discomfort

back pain due to repeated injuryback pain due to repeated injury

hand discomfort, strain and sprainhand discomfort, strain and sprain

Respiratory DiseasesRespiratory Diseases

Construction workers are exposed to Construction workers are exposed to a variety of respiratory hazardsa variety of respiratory hazards asbestos, silica, synthetic vitreous asbestos, silica, synthetic vitreous fibers, cadmium, chromates, fibers, cadmium, chromates, formaldehyde, cobalt, metal fumes, formaldehyde, cobalt, metal fumes, dust, pitch, sealers, solvents, wood dust, pitch, sealers, solvents, wood dust, wood preservativesdust, wood preservatives

Asbestosis, Silicosis, COPD and Asbestosis, Silicosis, COPD and AsthmaAsthma

DermatitisDermatitis

Construction workers are exposed to Construction workers are exposed to many chemical that cause irritant or many chemical that cause irritant or allergic dermatitisallergic dermatitis

Eg. CementEg. Cement

Cancer :Cancer :

Construction workers are exposed to Construction workers are exposed to many carcinogensmany carcinogens

Lung Carcinogens in ConstructionLung Carcinogens in Construction AsbestosAsbestos Chromium, CadmiumChromium, Cadmium Welding fumeWelding fume Coal tarCoal tar Wood dustWood dust SilicaSilica

3. Transportation Sector (Land, Water and Air)3. Transportation Sector (Land, Water and Air)

Transportation sector has a big risk for injury Transportation sector has a big risk for injury and accidentand accident economic and deatheconomic and death

Government regulation for prevention of Government regulation for prevention of transportation accident and operational transportation accident and operational techniquetechnique

Cause of transportation accidentCause of transportation accident Consistency in regulation controllingConsistency in regulation controlling Un disciplinary of operator in transportation sectorUn disciplinary of operator in transportation sector Ignore occupational health and safety programIgnore occupational health and safety program No Punishment for un disciplinary people No Punishment for un disciplinary people Quality of Human resourcesQuality of Human resources Development of transportation technologyDevelopment of transportation technology Complexity in transportation problemComplexity in transportation problem

Consistency in application of transportation regulation

Land transportation : most frequently Land transportation : most frequently accidentaccident

Government regulation :Government regulation : UU No 13 tahun 1992 : train regulationUU No 13 tahun 1992 : train regulation UU No 14 tahun 1992 : Traffic regulationUU No 14 tahun 1992 : Traffic regulation

Cars,Cars, DriverDriver Traffic signTraffic sign

Effect of traffic accidentEffect of traffic accident Fatality killedFatality killed Serious injurySerious injury Light injuryLight injury

Cause of traffic accidentCause of traffic accident• Pedestrian, condition of roadPedestrian, condition of road• Driver (unskilled driver)Driver (unskilled driver)

Cause of water accidentCause of water accident Ships conditionShips condition Number of passengersNumber of passengers OverloadOverload Un disciplinary people who work at shipsUn disciplinary people who work at ships

Cause of air accidentCause of air accident Human errorHuman error Aircraft condition and maintenanceAircraft condition and maintenance

4. 4. Petroleum, gas and mining sectorPetroleum, gas and mining sector

Government regulationGovernment regulation Regulation for :Regulation for :

Worker Worker Hours of work Hours of work

under ground : not more than 8,5 hour/dayunder ground : not more than 8,5 hour/day Temperature >30Temperature >30ooC : not more than 6 hours/dayC : not more than 6 hours/day Lot of water : not more than 6 hours/dayLot of water : not more than 6 hours/day

UU No 1 tahun 1970UU No 1 tahun 1970 PP No 19 tahun 1973PP No 19 tahun 1973

5. Industrial sector5. Industrial sector

Industrial sector has a big risk for Industrial sector has a big risk for occupational accident and occupational accident and occupational diseaseoccupational disease

Type of accident in industrial sectorType of accident in industrial sector Major explosionMajor explosion Major fireMajor fire Hazardous explosiveHazardous explosive

6. Office environment6. Office environment

Sick building syndromeSick building syndrome Applying Occupational health and safety in Applying Occupational health and safety in

office environment office environment indoor and outdoor indoor and outdoor safety conditionsafety condition

Building constructionBuilding construction Quality of airQuality of air Quality of illuminationQuality of illumination Electric and communication : over voltageElectric and communication : over voltage Noise controlNoise control Display unitDisplay unit Hygiene and sanitationHygiene and sanitation Using computer Using computer ergonomic ergonomic low back painlow back pain

7. Travel 7. Travel Travel associated infectious diseaseTravel associated infectious disease Travel related diseaseTravel related disease

Traveler’s diarrhea (Salmonelle, Shigella, Traveler’s diarrhea (Salmonelle, Shigella, E.hystolitica, E coli, viral agents)E.hystolitica, E coli, viral agents)

Hepatitis A, yellow fever, typhoid fever, cholera, Hepatitis A, yellow fever, typhoid fever, cholera, malariamalaria

Travel related infectionTravel related infection Water purificationWater purification Water sanitationWater sanitation Food preparationFood preparation Vector controlVector control Recreational activitiesRecreational activities Personal hygienePersonal hygiene

PreventionPrevention Public health authorities Public health authorities recommended recommended

vaccinationvaccination Malaria prophylaxisMalaria prophylaxis Antibiotic prophylaxisAntibiotic prophylaxis General protective General protective insect repellent insect repellent Personal medical kitPersonal medical kit Health educationHealth education

Use light and protective clothing, mosquito nettingUse light and protective clothing, mosquito netting Avoid outdoors between duskAvoid outdoors between dusk Not to eat or drink contaminated food or waterNot to eat or drink contaminated food or water Avoid uncooked foodsAvoid uncooked foods Walking with protected feet Walking with protected feet

Posters that can promote better Posters that can promote better posture at workplaceposture at workplace

TechniqueTechnique

ANTRAX

CHEMICAL HAZARDS

cotton dust

WORKPLACE

ventilation

Age of workers (18-40)Working duration (>20)

SmokingImmune response

Self Protection Equipment

Distribution and determinants of diseasesDistribution and determinants of diseasesresulting from biological or chemicalsresulting from biological or chemicals