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David Hume- Geographic Metaphors and ‘True Philosophy’

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Universitas PhilosoPhica 62, año 31: 41-69 enero-junio 2014, Bogotá, Colombia – ISSN 0120-5323 DAVID HUME: METÁFORAS GEOGRÁFICAS Y ‘VERDADERA FILOSOFÍA’ Ángela calvo de saavedra *1 RESUMEN (Q HO WUD\HFWRULD GHO µJLUR HVSDFLDO¶ GH OD ¿ORVRItD FRQWHPSRUiQHD \ GH OD JHR¿ORVRItD 'DYLG +XPH DSDUHFH QR VROR FRPR SLRQHUR HQ HO XVR GH PHWiIRUDV JHRJUi¿FDV SDUD caracterizar el pensamiento sino que su empirismo inmanente WLHQH XQD LQÀXHQFLD GHFLVLYD HQ OD REUD GH *LOOHV 'HOHX]H (O SURSyVLWR GHO DUWtFXOR HV DYDQ]DU VREUH HVWH GREOH UHJLVWUR \ SUHVHQWDU ODV PHWiIRUDV JHRJUi¿FDV XVDGDV SRU +XPH SDUD explicitar el carácter de su ciencia de la naturaleza humana, la µYHUGDGHUD ¿ORVRItD¶ D VDEHU HO YLDMH HVFpSWLFR OD FRQTXLVWD GH OD FDSLWDO \ OD JHRJUDItD PHQWDO Palabras clave: 'DYLG +XPH PHWiIRUDV JHRJUi¿FDV JHR¿ORVRItD YHUGDGHUD ¿ORVRItD 'HOHX]H * 3RQWL¿FLD 8QLYHUVLGDG -DYHULDQD %RJRWi recibido: 30.03.14 acePtado: 24.04.14 (O SUHVHQWH DUWtFXOR HV UHVXOWDGR GHO SUR\HFWR GH LQYHVWLJDFLyQ GHO 1~FOHR GH (VWpWLFD WLWXODGR ³(O JLUR HVSDFLDO HQ OD ¿ORVRItD
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  • Universitas PhilosoPhica 62, ao 31: 41-69 enero-junio 2014, Bogot, Colombia ISSN 0120-5323

    DAVID HUME: METFORAS GEOGRFICAS Y VERDADERA

    FILOSOFA

    ngela calvo de saavedra*1

    RESUMEN

    (Q HO WUD\HFWRULD GHO JLUR HVSDFLDO GH OD ORVRItDFRQWHPSRUiQHD\GHODJHRORVRItD'DYLG+XPHDSDUHFHQRVRORFRPRSLRQHURHQHOXVRGHPHWiIRUDVJHRJUiFDVSDUDcaracterizar el pensamiento sino que su empirismo inmanente WLHQHXQDLQXHQFLDGHFLVLYDHQODREUDGH*LOOHV'HOHX]H(OSURSyVLWRGHODUWtFXORHVDYDQ]DUVREUHHVWHGREOHUHJLVWUR\SUHVHQWDU ODVPHWiIRUDV JHRJUiFDV XVDGDV SRU+XPHSDUDexplicitar el carcter de su ciencia de la naturaleza humana, la YHUGDGHUDORVRItDDVDEHUHOYLDMHHVFpSWLFRODFRQTXLVWDGHODFDSLWDO\ODJHRJUDItDPHQWDO

    Palabras clave: 'DYLG +XPH PHWiIRUDV JHRJUiFDVJHRORVRItDYHUGDGHUDORVRItD'HOHX]H

    * 3RQWLFLD8QLYHUVLGDG-DYHULDQD%RJRWirecibido: 30.03.14 acePtado: 24.04.14(O SUHVHQWH DUWtFXOR HV UHVXOWDGR GHO SUR\HFWR GH LQYHVWLJDFLyQ GHO 1~FOHR GH (VWpWLFDWLWXODGR(OJLURHVSDFLDOHQODORVRItD

  • Universitas PhilosoPhica 62, ao 31: 41-69enero-junio 2014, Bogot, Colombia ISSN 0120-5323

    DAVID HUME: GEOGRAPHIC METAPHORS AND TRUE

    PHILOSOPHY

    ngela calvo de saavedra

    ABSTRACT

    In what is called the geographic turn in contemporary SKLORVRSK\'DYLG+XPH DSSHDUV QRW RQO\ DV D SLRQHHU LQusing geographic metaphors to describe thinking but also his LPPDQHQWHPSLULFLVPKDGDGHFLVLYHLQXHQFHLQ'HOHX]HVZRUN 7KH DLP RI WKLV SDSHU LV WR DGYDQFH LQ WKLV GRXEOHregister and to present the geographic metaphors used by +XPH WR FKDUDFWHUL]H KLV VFLHQFH RI KXPDQ QDWXUH RU WUXHSKLORVRSK\ YL] WKH VFHSWLF YR\DJH WKH FRQTXHVW RI WKHFDSLWDODQGPHQWDOJHRJUDSK\

    Key words: 'DYLG +XPH JHRJUDSKLF PHWDSKRUVJHRSKLORVRSK\WUXHSKLORVRSK\'HOHX]H

  • Universitas PhilosoPhica 62, ao 31, enero-jUnio 2014: 41-69 ISSN 0120-5323

    la investigacin acerca de la natUraleza \ HO FDUiFWHU GH OD ORVRItDHV FRQVWLWXWLYD GHO DFWR ORVyFR 7DO LQGDJDFLyQ FDUDFWHUL]DGD SRU VHUun intento de marcar, de acotar el territorio desde el cual acontezca y se LGHQWLTXH SDXODWLQDPHQWH HO SHQVDU GLItFLOPHQWH SXHGH H[SUHVDUVH HQFRQFHSWRVOLPLWDFRQORLQGHQLEOHFRQORSUHFDWHJRULDO\HQFRQVHFXHQFLDHOGLVFXUVRORVyFRHVHOOXJDUSRUH[FHOHQFLDGHDSDULFLyQGHODVLPiJHQHVGH ODVPHWiIRUDV -RFHO\Q%HQRLVW DODGYHUWLU OD LQTXLHWXGFRQWHPSRUiQHDSRUYROYHUDODHVSDFLDOL]DFLyQGHORVFRQFHSWRVHOOODPDGRJLURHVSDFLDOopacada por el modelo temporal e historicista predominante desde el siglo ;,;HQHOGLVFXUVRORVyFR\GHODVFLHQFLDVVRFLDOHVVHSURSRQHDERUGDUHOSUREOHPDGHOOXJDUGHODJHRJUDItDFRPRPRGHORGHUDFLRQDOLGDGSDUDODDXWRFRPSUHQVLyQGHOFDUiFWHUHLGHQWLGDGGHODORVRItD$GYLHUWHFyPRDSHVDUGHTXHORVOyVRIRVHQJHQHUDOKDQPRVWUDGRSRFRLQWHUpVHQHOHVWXGLRGH OD JHRJUDItD FRPR GLVFLSOLQD HV QRWDEOH OD UHFXUUHQFLD HQ ORV HVFULWRVORVyFRVGHWpUPLQRV\PHWiIRUDVJHRJUiFDV(QXQDUiSLGDJHQHDORJtDSRVWXOD D 'DYLG +XPH FRPR SLRQHUR GHO JLUR HVSDFLDO DSHODQGR D VXXVR GH HVWH WLSR GH LPiJHQHV /D FXHVWLyQ VH WRUQDPiV LQWHUHVDQWH VL VHFRQHFWDFRQODJHRORVRItDFRQFHSWRLQWURGXFLGRSRU*LOOHV'HOHX]H\)pOL[*XDWDULSDUDUHVSRQGHUDODSUHJXQWD4XpHVORVRItD"(OLQWHUpVSURYLHQHGHODLPSRUWDQFLDRWRUJDGDD+XPHHQODWUD\HFWRULDGHDUWLFXODFLyQGHHVWHGHVSOD]DPLHQWR

    (OSURSyVLWRGHOSUHVHQWHDUWtFXORHVDYDQ]DUVREUHHVHGREOHUHJLVWUR\ SUHVHQWDU HO SDQRUDPD GH PHWiIRUDV HVSDFLDOHV XVDGDV SRU +XPH SDUDH[SOLFLWDUFyPRHQHOODVVHSXHGHYLVOXPEUDUHOFDUiFWHUGHVXFLHQFLDGHODQDWXUDOH]DKXPDQDODYHUGDGHUDORVRItD(QODVGRVSULPHUDVVHFFLRQHVFRQWH[WXDOL]RHOJLURHVSDFLDO\KDJRXQDEUHYHUHH[LyQHQWRUQRDOOXJDUGHODVPHWiIRUDVHQODHVFULWXUDORVyFDSDUDPRVWUDUTXHVXHVFRJHQFLDQR REHGHFH GHPRGR SULRULWDULR DPRWLYRV UHWyULFRV R SHGDJyJLFRV VLQRFRUUHVSRQGH D OD H[LJHQFLD FUtWLFD \ DUWLFXODGRUD GHO DFWR ORVyFR /DWHUFHUDVHFFLyQHVWiGHGLFDGDDOWUDWDPLHQWRGHWUHVPHWiIRUDVFUXFLDOHVHOYLDMHGH+XPHODFRQTXLVWDGHODFDSLWDO\ODJHRJUDItDPHQWDO(QODVHFFLyQQDOUHFRQVWUX\RORVDVSHFWRVPiVVLJQLFDWLYRVTXHHQFXHQWUD'HOHX]HHQHOHPSLULVPRKXPHDQR

    1. El giro espacial

    en las cUatro ltimas dcadas, en el mbito de discusin de las ciencias sociales y humanas, se ha subrayado la importancia del espacio en la

  • 44 NGELA CALVO DE SAAVEDRA

    Universitas PhilosoPhica 62, ao 31, enero-jUnio 2014: 41-69 ISSN 0120-5323

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    (O JLUR HVSDFLDO VH KD QXWULGR GH WUDGLFLRQHV ORVyFDV GLYHUVDV ODIHQRPHQRORJtDODKHUPHQpXWLFDHOPDU[LVPRODWHRUtDFUtWLFDGHODVRFLHGDGHOSRVWHVWUXFWXUDOLVPRODVFXDOHVVLQHPEDUJRWLHQHQXQSXQWRHQFRP~QVX VRVSHFKD IUHQWH D ODV SRVLELOLGDGHV GH OD UD]yQ KLVWyULFD XQLFDGRUD \WRWDOL]DQWHDSDUWLUGHODFXDOVHSLHQVD\YLYHQFLDHOPXQGRFRPRSUR\HFWRPHWDUHODWR HQ HO TXH FRQYHUJHQ OD YROXQWDG GH YHUGDG GH MXVWLFLD \ GHEHOOH]D (VD LGHDLGHDO GH UD]yQ TXH VH GHVSOLHJD LQGHIHFWLEOHPHQWH VHpiensa autoconsciente, autnoma y autodeterminante, a tal grado que se WRUQDDXWLVWDFHUUDGDDWRGDFRQH[LyQFRQVXRWURQHJDWLYRORFRQFUHWRORHPStULFRORFRQWLQJHQWHORGLYHUVR6HWUDWDGHODLPDJHQPRGHUQDLOXVWUDGDde razn, que en el marco del idealismo alemn ocup el trono del discurso ORVyFRFRQSUHWHQVLyQKHJHPyQLFDH[SUHVDGDHQHOGREOHPRYLPLHQWRGHIXQGDPHQWDFLyQHSLVWHPROyJLFD\QRUPDWLYLGDGpWLFRSROtWLFD(OVLJOR;,;FDSLWDOL]DHVWDJXUDGHODUDFLRQDOLGDGHQORTXH0LFKHO)RXFDXOWGHQRPLQDODREVHVLyQKLVWyULFD

    The great obsession of the nineteenth century was, as we know, history: with its themes of development and of suspension, of crisis, and cycle, themes of the ever-accumulating past, with its preponderance of dead men

    1 Certainly the cultural unrest of the 1960s made a number of geographers increasingly XQHDV\ZLWKLWVTXDQWLWDWLYHDQGODZQGLQJIRFXVDQGGHPDQGVJUHZIRUDPRUHSROLWLFDOaccount of power, race, sexuality or globalization, in which culture was a form of politics [] if for many during the 1970s and 1980s the old geographies were still satisfactory, there were signs of an emerging critical geography&UDPSWRQDQG(OGHQ

  • Universitas PhilosoPhica 62, ao 31, enero-jUnio 2014: 41-69 ISSN 0120-5323

    45DAVID HUME: METFORAS GEOGRFICAS Y VERDADERA FILOSOFA

    [] the present epoch will perhaps be above all the epoch of space. We are in the epoch of simultaneity: we are in the epoch of juxtaposition, the epoch of the near and the far, of the side-by-side, of the dispersed. We are at a moment, I believe, when our experience of the world is less that of a long life developing through time than that of a network that connects points and intersects with its own skein)RXFDXOWFLWDGRHQ&UDPSWRQDQG(OGHQ2

    El planteamiento anterior, considerado en cierto sentido emblemtico por parte de los autores que se inscriben en el giro espacial, en tanto describe simultneamente una determinada territorializacin de la racionalidad y XQD SRVLEOH OtQHD FUtWLFD GH GHVWHUULWRULDOL]DFLyQ DSURSLDGD DO SUHVHQWH HVUHWRPDGRSRU)RXFDXOWGLH]DxRVPiV WDUGH HQ ODHQWUHYLVWDTXHFRQFHGHDORVJHyJUDIRVGHODUHYLVWDHrodote(QODFLWDYDOHODSHQDUHVDOWDUGRVDVSHFWRV HQ SULPHU OXJDU H[SOLFD FyPR OD GHYDOXDFLyQ GHO HVSDFLR TXHKDSUHYDOHFLGR HQ HO SHQVDU GHVGH%HUJVRQRTXL]iV DQWHV FRUUHVSRQGHDO WUDWDPLHQWR GHO HVSDFLR FRPR OR PXHUWR OR MR OR QR GLDOpFWLFR ORLQPyYLO HQ FRQWUDSRVLFLyQ FRQ HO WLHPSR FRQVLGHUDGR HQ WpUPLQRV GHULTXH]D IHFXQGLGDG YLGD GLDOpFWLFD 7DO GHSUHFLDFLyQ GHO OHQJXDMHHVSDFLDOHVSURSLDGHTXLHQHVLGHQWLFDQKLVWRULDFRQHYROXFLyQFRQWLQXLGDGYLYLHQWHGHVDUUROORRUJiQLFRHOSURJUHVRGHODFRQFLHQFLDRHOSUR\HFWRGHODH[LVWHQFLDSHUVSHFWLYDGHVGHODFXDOHOXVRGHWpUPLQRVHVSDFLDOHVSDUHFHVLJQLFDUFLHUWDKRVWLOLGDGIUHQWHDO WLHPSR)RXFDXOWFLWDGRHQ&UDPSWRQDQG(OGHQ(QVHJXQGDLQVWDQFLDORFXDOHVPiVUHOHYDQWHSRVWXODODH[LJHQFLDFUtWLFDGHXQDQXHYDUDFLRQDOLGDGTXHHPHUJHGHVGHHOlugar de lo excluido, de lo que bordea ese mundo slido que slo en el plano HVSHFXODWLYR DSDUHFH UHFRQFLOLDGR FX\D UHVRQDQFLD UHPLWH D OD JHRJUDItDHQHO FLHUUHGH OD HQWUHYLVWD H[SUHVDFyPRD OR ODUJRGH OD FRQYHUVDFLyQIXHHQWHQGLHQGRTXHODVSUHJXQWDVSODQWHDGDVQRUHVSRQGtDQDODGHPDQGDGH LQFOXVLyQ GH OD JHRJUDItD HQ VX DUTXHRORJtD GHO VDEHU VLQR TXH ORVSUREOHPDVTXH OHKDEtDQSURSXHVWRDFHUFDGH ODJHRJUDItDHUDQFUXFLDOHVSDUDpO)RXFDXOWFLWDGRHQ&UDPSWRQDQG(OGHQ

    (VWD ~OWLPD DUPDFLyQ GH )RXFDXOW WRPDGD SRU -RFHO\Q %HQRLVWFRPRHStJUDIHHQVXWH[WREn quoi la gographie peut-elle importer la philosophie?GDOXJDUDVXLQWHQWRGHSUHFLVDUHOVHQWLGR\ODPHGLGDHQTXH

    2/DUHIHUHQFLDHVWRPDGDGH2WKHU6SDFHVWH[WRHVFULWRHQ\SXEOLFDGRHQWUDVODPXHUWHGH)RXFDXOW

  • NGELA CALVO DE SAAVEDRA

    Universitas PhilosoPhica 62, ao 31, enero-jUnio 2014: 41-69 ISSN 0120-5323

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    En el marco de la inquietud suscitada por ese retorno del registro HVSDFLDOSDUDHOGLVFXUVRORVyFRODH[SORUDFLyQGHPHWiIRUDVJHRJUiFDVHQHOUHSHUWRULRGHODVSURGXFFLRQHVWHyULFDVVHKDFRQYHUWLGRHQVXJHUHQWHobjeto de indagacin, en tanto ellas parecen ser huellas, inscripciones que DEUHQ WHUULWRULRV\GHVHVWDELOL]DQKiELWRVPHQWDOHV H LPiJHQHVGHPXQGR%HQRLVWSLHQVDTXHHODERUDUHVHUHSHUWRULRDPRGRGHFDUWRJUDItDHVXQDYtDSDUDKDFHUYLVLEOHODPDQHUDFRPRODJHRJUDItDSXHGHVHUYLUGHPHWiIRUD\UHIHUHQFLDDODDFWLYLGDGORVyFD%HQRLVW$KRUDELHQHVWDVXJHUHQFLD LQYHVWLJDWLYD KD WHQLGR HFR HQ TXLHQHV EXVFDQ FRPSUHQGHU ODIRUPDFRPRRSHUDODQXHYDIRUPDGHSHQVDUJHRJUiFDPHQWHHQODORVRItDFRQWHPSRUiQHD3DUDFLWDU VyORGRVHMHPSORVQRWDEOHV ORVHQWUHYLVWDGRUHVde Hrodote EXVFDQGR SUHFLVDU OD DPELJHGDG GH )RXFDXOW IUHQWH D ODHVSDFLDOL]DFLyQORLQWHUURJDQVREUHVXXVRSURIXVRGHPHWiIRUDVHVSDFLDOHVSRVLFLyQ GHVSOD]DPLHQWR OXJDU FDPSR \ DOJXQDV YHFHV LQFOXVRJHRJUiFDVWHUULWRULRGRPLQLRWLHUUDKRUL]RQWHDUFKLSLpODJRJHRSROtWLFDUHJLyQSDLVDMH)RXFDXOWFLWDGRHQ&UDPSWRQDQG(OGHQSRUVXSDUWHHOSUHIDFLRGHODREUDDeleuze and GeophilosophyVHLQLFLDDGYLUWLHQGRal lector que si al abrir Mil mesetas se encuentra en cualquier pgina con WpUPLQRVFRPRPHVHWDGHVWHUULWRULDOL]DFLyQUL]RPDFDUWRJUDItD\VLVHGLFHDVtPLVPRTXHHVDHVXQDJHRORVRItDHVWDUiHQORFRUUHFWR%RQWDDQG3URWHYLYLL

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    3&XUVLYDVHQHORULJLQDO

  • Universitas PhilosoPhica 62, ao 31, enero-jUnio 2014: 41-69 ISSN 0120-5323

    DAVID HUME: METFORAS GEOGRFICAS Y VERDADERA FILOSOFA

    UHFRQRFLGRFRPRXQDKLVWRULDGHODORVRItDGHODPLVPDPDQHUDTXHODKLVWRULDGH ORV FRQFHSWRV ORV SURFHGLPLHQWRV \ ORV VLVWHPDV /H 'RHXII /D FDUWRJUDItD GHPHWiIRUDV FRPR WUDEDMR HVSHFtFDPHQWH ORVyFRUHVXOWDDODYH]QRYHGRVD\SUREOHPiWLFDHQYLUWXGGHOJHQHUDOL]DGRJHVWRGHLGHQWLFDFLyQGHOGLVFXUVRORVyFRDSDUWLUGHVXGLIHUHQFLDFLyQFRQUHVSHFWRD OD OLWHUDWXUD MXVWDPHQWHSRU VXUHIHUHQFLDDO FRQFHSWRDO DUJXPHQWRDOD OyJLFDD ORDEVWUDFWR\VXGLVWDQFLDGHOPLWR ORIDEXORVR ORSRpWLFRORLPDJLQDULR/H'RHXII(QFRQVHFXHQFLDDQWHVGHDERUGDUHOXVRGHPHWiIRUDVJHRJUiFDVSRU'DYLG+XPHHQVXFDUDFWHUL]DFLyQGHODYHUGDGHUDORVRItDUHVXOWDSHUWLQHQWHPRVWUDUODIRUPDHQTXHODOHFWXUDGHWH[WRVORVyFRVGHVGHODSHUVSHFWLYDGHVXVPHWiIRUDVSHUPLWHYLVLELOL]DUDVSHFWRVVLJQLFDWLYRVGHOGHFXUVRGHOH[DPHQTXHODORVRItDKDFHGHVXSURSLDQDWXUDOH]D

    2. /DVPHWiIRUDVHQHOGLVFXUVRORVyFR

    en el mUndo contemPorneo, el Pensamiento en imgenes es una nocin TXHKDDGTXLULGRFDUWDGHFLXGDGDQtD/H'RHXII1RREVWDQWHHQHOiPELWRORVyFRODVPHWiIRUDVWRGDYtDVHHQWLHQGHQGHPDQHUDUHGXFWLYDELHQFRPRXQDIRUPDGHHPEHOOHFHUHOGLVFXUVRELHQFRPRXQDPDQHUDGHDPSOLDUVXVHIHFWRVSHUVXDVLYRV>@IXQFLRQHVRUQDPHQWDO\HYRFDWLYD*RQ]iOH]*DUFtD(QWRGRFDVRVHVLW~DQHQODH[WHULRULGDGGHOSHQVDPLHQWRFRPRUHFXUVRVUHWyULFRVHQWUHWHQLGRV\RSHGDJyJLFRV

    Esta interpretacin resulta cuando menos paradjica, si se contrasta FRQODHYLGHQFLDGHODVLVWHPiWLFDFRH[LVWHQFLDGHLPiJHQHV\FRQFHSWRVHQORV HVFULWRVGH ORVOyVRIRV$Vt SDUHFHQHFHVDULD OD LQWURGXFFLyQGHXQDWHUFHUD IXQFLyQGH ODPHWiIRUD IXQFLyQFRQVWLWXWLYDHQ WDQWROHQJXDMHSHQVDPLHQWR \ DFFLyQ VH EDVDQ HQ OD FDSDFLGDG KXPDQD GHPHWDIRUL]DU*RQ]iOH]*DUFtD7DQWRHQODYLGDFRWLGLDQDFRPRHQODHVIHUDWHyULFDVRPRVSULVLRQHURVGHODVPHWiIRUDVTXHXWLOL]DPRVSXHVWRTXHHOODVDODYH]H[SOLFDQ\RFXOWDQFRRUGHQDGDVGHORUHDO*RQ]iOH]*DUFtD(VWHHQIRTXHSUDJPiWLFRGHODPHWiIRUDVHLQVFULEHHQODFRPSUHQVLyQFRQWLQJHQWHGHOOHQJXDMHTXHSHUPLWHYHUODKLVWRULDLQWHOHFWXDOFRPRKLVWRULDGHODPHWiIRUD5RUW\,QVFULELUODVPHWiIRUDVHQODSUDJPiWLFD\QRHQODVHPiQWLFDLPSOLFDDUPDUTXHHOODVVLJQLFDQORTXHODVSDODEUDVHQVXLQWHUSUHWDFLyQPiVOLWHUDOVLJQLFDQ\QDGDPiVGHPDQHUDTXHQRVRQ LQWHUSUHWDEOHV FDUHFHQ GH FRQWHQLGR LQIRUPDWLYR \ SRU HQGH QR VRQtraducibles a conceptos, no expresan hechos ni ocultan mensajes, no tienen XQOXJDUHQHOMXHJRGHOHQJXDMHTXHVHKDMXJDGRDQWHVGHVXSURGXFFLyQ6LQ

  • NGELA CALVO DE SAAVEDRA

    Universitas PhilosoPhica 62, ao 31, enero-jUnio 2014: 41-69 ISSN 0120-5323

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