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Page 1: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),
Page 2: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),

Australian energy consumption and

production

historical trends and projections

to 2009-1 0

Shane Bush

Leanne Holrnes

Luan Ho Trieu

ABARE RESEARCH REPORT 95.1 1

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O Commonwealth of Australia 1995

This work is copyright. The Copyright Act 1968 permits fair dealing for study, research, news reporting, criticism or review. Selected passages, tables or diagrams may be reproduced for such purposes provided acknowledgment of the source is included. Major extracts or the entire document may not be reproduced by any process without the written permission of the Executive Director, ABARE.

ISSN 1037-8286 ISBN 0 642 22452 8

Bush, S. , Holmes, L. and H o Trieu, L. 1995, Australian Energy Consumption and Production - Historical Trends and Projections to 2009-10, ABARE Research Report 95.1, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics GPO Box 1563 Canberra 2601

Telephone (06) 272 2000 Facsimile (06) 272 2001

ABARE is a professionally independent government economic research organisation.

ABARE project 1 17 1

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Foreword

Energy supply and use is influenced by a complex mix of economic, technological and policy factors, each changing over time. In recent years, for example, an ongoing process of reform of Australian electricity and natural gas markets has been initiated - a process which should change the ways in which major energy forms are traded, giving buyers and sellers more flexibility and choice. At the same time, concerns about the effects of energy supply and use on the environment have increased, and there is considerable uncertainty about the policies which may be introduced to address these concerns.

In such an environment of change and uncertainty, consumers, producers and governments need reliable information on past trends in the energy sector, together with an independent assessment of the likely long term outlook for the energy sector. ABARE is committed to meeting this need, and this report is the latest in a biennial series of publications on long term trends and projections for the whole energy sector.

The report contains detailed data on energy consumption, production and trade since 1973-74, together with projections to 2009-10. All energy types, all states and internal territories and all sectors are covered. The information in the report is therefore a valuable guide to the linkages between various parts of the energy sector, while at the same time providing considerable detail on particular energy types, states and industries. The report also contains information on two key issues: trends in energy efficiency and trends in greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector. The data presented in the report are only a selection of those available. More detailed data on energy consumption and production by industry, by equipment type and by state are available from ABARE.

BRIAN FISHER Executive Director, ABARE

February 1995

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Acknowledgments

ABARE relies heavily on company responses to the biennial fuel and electricity survey in the compilation of historical data and the preparation of projections. Without the assistance of these companies, information on energy flows and end uses would not be available. The cooperation of state energy utilities in providing information is also gratefully acknowledged.

The authors would also like to acknowledge the valuable contributions of several of their ABARE colleagues including: Michelle Leonard, Teresa Celestino, Kim Donaldson, Bruce Bowen, Barry Naughten and Bruce Wilson.

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Contents

Summary 1

1 Introduction 7 1.1 Projecting long term trends in a changing policy setting 8

2 Australia's energy sector - current situation and historical trends 10 2.1 Overview of current energy consumption 10 2.2 Trends in energy consumption over the past twenty years 15 2.3 Trends in energy efficiency 17 2.4 Energy production and trade 20 2.5 Energy reserves 2 1 2.6 Greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector 22

3 Energy projections to 2009- 10 25 3.1 Method and assumptions 25 3.2 Projected trends in energy consumption, by fuel 27 3.3 Projected trends in energy consumption, by sector 32 3.4 Projected trends in energy consumption,

by equipment type 38 3.5 Projected trends in energy production and trade 39 3.6 Projected greenhouse gas emissions from the

energy sector 42

4 Concluding comments 46

Appendixes A Indicative energy content conversion factors 48 B Data sources 51 C Projection models 57 D Australian Standard Industrial Classification 64 E Indicative carbon dioxide content conversion factors 67

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References 68

Statistical tables 71

Figures A Energy consumption, by state and fuel, 1993-94 B Energy consumption, by sector and fuel, 1993-94 C Energy intensity, by sector, 1993-94 D Energy consumption to 1993-94, by sector, E Energy consumption, by fuel F Natural gas consumption, by sector G Total use of petroleum products H Total electricity consumption, by sector I Energy consumption, by sector J Fuel use in thermal electricity generation K Transport sector fuel use L Total energy consumption, by equipment type M Total energy production, by fuel N Greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector

Tables 1 Total energy consumption, by fuel, 1993-94 2 Final energy consumption, by fuel, 1993-94 3 Energy consumption, by state, 1993-94 4 Energy consumption, by sector, 1993-94 5 Energy consumption growth, by fuel 6 Energy consumption growth, by sector 7 Components of changes in energy consumption,

1973-74 to 1993-94 8 Sectoral contribution to energy intensity trends 9 Energy production, by fuel, 1993-94 10 Australian energy trade, 1993-94 1 1 Australian identified recoverable resources of

energy minerals and fuels

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12 Greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector, by industry and fuel type

13 Economic and demographic assumptions 14 Projected energy consumption, by fuel 15 Projected energy consumption, by sector 16 Projected inputs for thermal electricity generation, by state 17 Projected energy production 18 Projected Australian energy trade 19 BRS projections of crude oil and condensate production 20 Projected greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector 21 Fuel shares in 2010: MENSA simulations 22 Energy content of solid fuels 23 Energy content of liquid fuels 24 Energy content of gaseous fuels 25 Components of commercial vehicle fuel consumption 26 Industrial classifications used in the study 27 Carbon content and carbon dioxide emission factors

vii

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Statistical tables A Energy supply and disposal

A1 1973-74 .

B Energy consumption, by industry B1 Australia B2 New South Wales B3 Victoria B4 Queensland B5 Western Australia B6 South Australia B7 Tasmania B8 Northern Territory

C Energy consumption, by fuel C1 By industry C2 By equipment type

D Energy consumption, by fuel: energy units Dl Australia D2 New South Wales D3 Victoria D4 Queensland D5 Western Australia D6 South Australia D7 Tasmania D8 Northern Territory

E Energy consumption, by fuel: material units E l Australia 137 E2 New South Wales 139 E3 Victoria 141

. . . V l l l

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- -

E4 Queensland E5 Western Australia E6 South Australia E7 Tasmania E8 Northern Territory

F Energy consumption, by fuel

Petroleum products consumption F1 Australia F2 New South Wales F3 Victoria F4 Queensland F5 Western Australia F6 South Australia F7 Tasmania F8 Northern Territory

F9 Coal consumption, by state F10 Natural gas consumption, by state Fl1 Electricity consumption, by state

G Production of primary fuels: material units

H Energy imports and exports, by fuel: material units HI Imports H2 Exports

I Energy supply and trade, by fuel: energy units I1 1973-74 to 1985-86 I2 1986-87 to 1997-98 13 1998-99 to 2009-10

J Petroleum supply and disposal

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Glossary

Abbreviations

ABARE ABS ADO AGA ASIC BTCE DEST DPIE FOE GDP IDF LNG LPG NGL ORF CO2 CH4 N2O

Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics Australian Bureau of Statistics automotive diesel oil Australian Gas Association Australian Standard Industrial Classification Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics Department of the Environment, Sport and Territories Department of Prinlary Industries and Energy fuel oil equivalent gross domestic product industrial diesel fuel liquefied natural gas liquefied petroleum gas natural gas liquids other refinery feedstocks carbon dioxide methane nitrous oxide

Bagasse is the fibrous residue of the sugar cane milling process which is used as a fuel in sugar mills.

Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces), coal tar, and benzene/toluene/xylene (BTX) feedstock. The last two are both collected from the coke making process.

Conversion is the process of transforming one form of energy into another before use. Energy consumed in conversion is the energy content of fuel consumed by energy producing industries (such as natural gas and LPG used in gas manufacturing, petroleum products used in oil refineries and all fuels, including electricity, used in power stations), plus the energy lost in the production, conversion and transport of fuels (such as electricity and natural gas transmission losses and leakages, natural gas used in pipeline compressors, and energy lost in coke production), plus energy used in pumped storage, less the energy produced.

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Derived fuels are produced from primary or other derived fuels by conversion processes to provide the energy forms commonly consumed. Derived fuels include petroleum products, thermal electricity, town gas, coke, coke oven gas, blast furnace gas and briquettes.

Emission factors are used to indicate the quantity of greenhouse gases emitted from the combustion of a unit of fuel (measured in energy terms). For instance, if natural gas has a C 0 2 emission factor of 5 1.3 g C02/MJ then the combustion of 100 PJ of natural gas will produce 5130 Gg of C 0 2 or 5.13 million tonnes.

Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide (COz), water vapour, methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N20), carbon monoxide (CO), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and fluorocarbon (FC) species.

Natural gas includes commercial quality sales gas, liquefied natural gas, ethane, methane (including from coal mines and garbage tips) and plant and field use of non-commercial quality gas.

Oxidation, in the sense used here, is the process by which fuel is consumed by burning with oxygen. The proportion of fuel totally consumed by burning is referred to as the oxidised component, while a non-oxidised component will remain as products such as soot, ash or in the case of liquid and gas fuels, as non-oxidised liquid or gaseous components due to insufficient oxygen (IPCCJOECD 1994).

Petroleum products consist of crude oil and condensate used directly as fuel, liquefied petroleum gas, refined products used as fuels (aviation gasoline, automotive gasoline, power kerosene, aviation turbine fuel, lighting kerosene, heating oil, automotive diesel oil, industrial diesel fuel, fuel oil, refinery fuel and naphtha) and refined products used in non-fuel applications (solvents, lubricants, bitumen, waxes, petroleum coke for anode production, and specialised feedstocks).

Primary fuels are those forms of energy obtained directly from nature. They include non-renewable fuels such as black coal, brown coal, uranium, crude oil and condensate, naturally occurring LPG, ethane and natural gas, and renewable fuels such as wood, bagasse, hydroelectricity and solar energy.

Total energy consumption (also termed total domestic availability) is the total quantity, in energy units, of primary and derived fuels consumed less the quantity of derived fuels produced. If a derived fuel is exported from Australia, only the energy used in its production is included in total energy

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consumption. Total energy consumption includes the consumption of petroleum in non-fuel uses.

Total final energy consumption is the total amount of energy consumed outside the energy conversion sector. It is equal to total energy consumption less energy consumed or lost in conversion, transmission and distribution.

Town gas includes all manufactured gases that are typically reticulated to consumers. These include synthetic natural gas, reformed gas, tempered LPG and tempered natural gas.

Units The units used in this report are joules (J), litres (L), tonnes (t), grams (g) and watt-hours (Wh), together with their multiples. Billion (b) means 1000 million, and is used only in money quantities ($b). Standard metric prefixes used in this report are:

kilo (k) = lo3 (thousand) mega (M) = lo6 (million) giga (G) = 1 O9 (1 000 million) tera (T) = 1012 peta (P) = 1015 exa (E) = 1018

Standard conversions:

1 barrel = 158.987 L 1 kwh = 3600 kJ

Indicative conversion factors for fuel energy contents are given in appendix A and indicative C 0 2 emission factors in appendix E.

Conventions used in tables 0.0 is used to denote a negligible amount.

A solid line drawn across or down a column between consecutive figures indicates a break in continuity of a series.

Small discrepancies in totals are generally due to the rounding of components.

xii

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Summary

Detailed data on energy consumption and production Historical data in Australia from 1973-74 and projections to 2009- and projections 10 are provided in this report. Historical and are provided for projected trends are discussed and key issues all energy types, identified. All energy types, all states and internal states and sectors territories, and all sectors are covered. The report continues a series produced by Commonwealth agencies since the early 1970s.

The projections are a view of the likely long term Projections are an outlook for the energy sector in Australia, taking indicator of the account of current government policies, industry long term outlook intentions, observed trends and assumptions about for the energy economic and other influences on energy production sector and use.

Energy in Australia - current and past Total energy consumption in Australia in 1993-94 was estimated to be 4174 PJ, an increase of 2.3 per cent over the level of the previous year. This rate of increase is close to the average for energy consumption over the past twenty years (2.4 per cent a year). In contrast, over the past five years growth was below the twenty year average, at 1.7 per cent a year. The relatively slow growth in energy con- sumption in recent years largely reflects the slow growth in the economy.

Energy consump- tion in Australia

increased by 2.3 per cent in 1993-94

... compared with 1.7per cent a year

over the past five years

Crude oil currently accounts for 36 per cent of total Almost two-thirds is energy consumption in Australia, followed by black of crude oil and coal which accounts for 29 per cent. These two fuels black coal also accounted for the largest shares of total energy consumption twenty years ago. The most notable ... but naturalgas change in the pattern of energy use over the past consumption is twenty years has been the growth in consumption of growing rapidly

Energy projections to 2009-10 1

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End users account for about two-thirds of total energy consumption

The electricity generation sector accounts for over a quarter of total consumption

... and has been growing

Energy efficiency has been improving over time

Production of energy is dominated by black coal

natural gas - at an average of 7.5 per cent a year, more than twice the rate for any other fuel.

Approximately two-thirds of all energy consumed in Australia is consumed by end users, the rest by the conversion sector (mainly electricity generation). Petroleum products account for almost half of the energy consumed by end users, reflecting the sub- stantial use of petroleum in transport.

Among the sectors, the electricity generation sector is the largest consumer of energy in Australia, accounting for 27 per cent of the total. The manu- facturing and transport sectors are the next two biggest consumers of energy. The sectors exhibiting the fastest growth in energy consumption over the past twenty years have been mining and electricity generation. While the electricity generation sector accounted for only 19 per cent of total consumption in 1973-74, in 1993-94 it accounted for around 27 per cent.

Over the past twenty years, energy efficiency (measured as energy used per unit of output) has im- proved by an estimated 16.5 per cent. The improve- ment is driven by a combination of fuel mix changes and technical changes (changes in technology, con- servation practices). Over the past two years, the estimated improvement in energy efficiency was 1.9 per cent. The sector which has made the largest contribution to the improvement over this period has been manufacturing, especially the basic metal products industry.

In 1993-94, an estimated 9036 PJ of energy were produced in Australia, an increase of just 0.6 per cent over the previous year. Production of crude oil fell in 1993-94, while production of coal, uranium and natural gas increased. The most rapid increase in production was for natural gas. Production of renewable energy also increased, following a decline

2 ABARE research report 95.1

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in previous years. Black coal accounted for the largest share of energy produced in Australia - 53 per cent in 1993-94.

Australia is a substantial net exporter of energy, with approximately 71 per cent of Australian energy production in 1993-94 exported. The major energy export is black coal, with around three quarters of production exported. Crude oil and petroleum products are the only large energy imports into Australia; however, about a third of crude oil pro- duction is exported.

Compared with current rates of production, Australia has vast demonstrated reserves of energy. While a range of factors, such as the proximity of reserves to major markets, will influence the economic viability of developing reserves, overall, resource availability is unlikely to be a constraint on Australian energy consumption.

Greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector have increased by an estimated 16 per cent since 1987-88, to 318 million tonnes. The rate of increase in these emissions has slowed in recent years. Over the past four years, emissions have increased by only 5 per cent.

Carbon dioxide continues to account for the bulk of the emissions from the sector - an estimated 92 per cent in 1993-94. The production and use of black coal accounted for an estimated 42 per cent of total emissions from the energy sector in 1993-94, brown coal 14 per cent, petroleum products 3 1 per cent and natural gas 13 per cent.

The sectors which contribute most to energy sector greenhouse gas emissions are (using 1993-94 estimates): electricity generation (45 per cent); road transport (19 per cent); mining, manufacturing and construction industries (18 per cent); and other

Energy projections to 2009-10

Nearly three- quarters of energy

produced is exported

... again dominated by coal

Australia's reserves of energy are vast

Greenhouse gas emissions have

increased

... but at a slowing rate

... with emissions from coal account- ing for over halfof

C02 emissions

... and the electricity gen- eration sector

accounting for nearly half

3

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Long term projections are influenced by many factors

The projections are based mainly on responses to ABARE f fuel and electricity survey

Consumption is projected to grow by 1.7per cent a year, on average

energy transformation industries, such as coke ovens and petroleum refining (10 per cent).

Energy projections to 2009-1 0 The process of formulating long term projections is always complicated, given the wide range of factors that must be taken into account and the high degree of uncertainty about future policies, technologies and economic conditions. For the energy sector, there is particular uncertainty about likely future policies to address climate change and other environmental issues.

Several sources of information and analysis are used in developing the projections presented in this report: responses to ABARE's biennial fuel and electricity survey; announced intentions of major energy producers, consumers and investors; judgments supported by analysis within and outside ABARE; and forecasting models. The major input is the information collected in the survey, which reflects energy consumers' own expectations about the factors which will influence their energy use.

Total energy consumption in Australia is projected to grow at an average rate of 1.7 per cent a year, to 2009- 10. The projected rate of growth is less than the average for the past twenty years (2.4 per cent) for a number of reasons: future growth will be from a substantially larger base level of consumption; further improvements in energy efficiency are expected, in response to technological improvements and policy and price induced changes in consumers' behaviour; and the expectation that environmental policies could be introduced to reduce the growth of energy consumption in order to reduce emissions from the sector.

Fuel shares in total energy consumption are expected to remain fairly stable, with crude oil expected to

ABARE research report 95.1

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continue to account for around a third of the total. However, the major change is expected to be the strong growth in the use of natural gas, which is projected to account for 23 per cent of total energy consumed in 2009-10, an increase over its current share of 18 per cent. The manufacturing sector is expected to continue to be the largest consumer of natural gas, although the rate of growth in gas consumption is expected to be faster in the mining and electricity generation sectors.

The conversion, transport and manufacturing sectors are expected to continue to be the major energy consuming sectors out to 2009-10. Electricity generation is expected to maintain its share of almost 27 per cent of total energy consumption. The manufacturing and transport sectors are projected to each account for around 25 per cent of total energy consumption in 2009-10. The fastest rate of growth in energy consumption over the projection period is expected in the mining sector.

Total energy production in Australia is expected to increase at an average rate of 3.1 per cent a year, to

I 14 798 PJ in 2009-10. Black coal is expected to continue to dominate the pattern of both energy production and trade. In 2009-10, black coal is expected to account for 49 per cent of Australian energy production (in energy terms), and 53 per cent of Australian energy exports. A feature of the projections is the strong growth in the production of natural gas, to meet both demand in the Australian market and growing demand for LNG.

Total greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector are projected to be 410 million tonnes in 2009- 10, a 29 per cent increase over the estimated current level and a 36 per cent increase over 1989-90 levels. Black coal is expected to continue to account for the bulk of the emissions - 38 per cent in 2009-10. Among the sectors, electricity generation is expected

- -

... with growth the strongest for natural gas

. . . and in the mining sector

Production is projected to grow by

3.1 per cent a year, on average

Greenhouse gas einissio~zs are

projected to increase

Energy projections to 2009-10

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to account for 45 per cent of emissions in 2009-10, reflecting the substantial use of black coal.

... to be 21 per cent The projected emissions from the energy sector in above 1989-90 1999-2000 are 21 per cent above the 1989-90 level, levels in 1999-2000 so substantial reductions would be necessary if these

emissions were to be stabilised at 1990 levels. Compared with 1987-88 levels, greenhouse gas emissions from the sector are projected to be 33 per cent higher in 1999-2000.

Only announced policy changes are explicitly taken into account

.. . but expectations about future policies will be reflected in survey responses

The projections of energy consumption and associated emissions incorporate the estimated effects of policies already announced. The possible effects of the introduction of further policies to achieve substantial greenhouse gas emission reductions are only incorporated to the extent that they have affected energy users ' long term expectations and their responses to ABARE's fuel and electricity survey.

6 ABARE research report 95.1

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Introduction

In recent years the energy sector in Australia has increasingly come under the spotlight. Growing community concern about the environment has focused attention on the possible environmental effects of energy consumption and production. At the same time, the electricity and natural gas industries have become important subjects of government micro- economic reform policies. Related to both environmental and reform considerations, energy efficiency has become an issue of concern for policy makers and energy consumers and producers. Resource access has also emerged as an issue likely to affect the development of Australia's vast energy reserves. On the international front, opportunities for and constraints on energy trade have come under increasing attention. Each of these issues is likely to be of concern to policy makers, energy consumers and producers and the community in general, well into the future.

Against this background of ongoing and emerging issues for the energy sector, a good understanding of past and likely trends in the sector provides a valuable guide for decision making on policy, investment, production and consumption. For example, a detailed understanding of where and how various fuels are used is important when assessing possible responses to environmental policy. Similarly, a long term view of likely trends for the

I whole energy sector is valuable information for investors and producers because of the long lead times involved in major energy projects such as developing new reserves or building new supply infrastructure. The projections presented in this report cover the period to 2009-10.

While projections for certain parts of the energy sector are published by various organisations each year, the ABARE projections presented in this report are the only completely balanced set which covers all energy types, all states and all sectors of the Australian economy. In addition to detailed data on energy consumption, production and trade, this report contains information on two key issues: trends in energy efficiency; and trends in greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector.

The data reported here are only a selection of those available. More detailed data on energy consumption, by industry, equipment type and state are available from ABARE.

Energy projections to 2009-1 0 7

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1.1 Projecting long term trends in a changing policy setting While the ongoing and emerging issues make the energy sector an interesting one for analysis, they also complicate the process of projecting long term trends. For example, decisions must be made on whether and how to include the effects of possible climate change and other environmental policies which could affect patterns and levels of energy consumption, and market reforms which could affect the structure of various industries and energy costs and prices.

When ABARE's previous set of long term projections was released in 1993 (Bush et al. 1993), the federal government had just announced the National Greenhouse Response Strategy (NGRS). The possible effects of the NGRS initiatives were taken into account in that set of projections.

In the latest set of projections the likely effects of a number of ongoing policies, which are part of the NGRS, are again included. The main measures in place aim to improve energy efficiency and encourage the use of renewable and less environmentally damaging fuel sources (Commonwealth of Australia 1994). It is possible that more stringent climate change policies to meet greenhouse gas reduction targets could also be introduced.

The ways in which the possible effects of current and potential policies are incorporated into the projections are described in chapter 3. Essentially, the approach is to incorporate the estinlated effects of announced policy changes and to take into account the effects of possible policy changes only to the extent that these changes affect energy users' long term expectations and intentions, as revealed in announcements and in their responses to ABARE's survey of energy users (fuel and electricity survey).

The process of opening up electricity and gas markets and making them more competitive is proceeding at the federal and state levels. There are many ways in which these policies are likely to influence energy consumption and production over the long term: changes in electricity and gas prices could affect consumption and production of both gas and electricity and competition between these two and other fuels; fuel choices for electricity generation could be affected; and the timing and location of major projects such as investments in new pipelines or new generation or cogeneration capacity could be affected.

8 ABARE reseurch report 95.1

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As in the case of existing and potential environmental policies, where possible, assessments of the effects of market reforms are based on survey responses and announced intentions of major producers, consumers and investors. It is assumed that governments will maintain their commitment to remove any barriers to competition and trade, and that major committed projects such as new pipelines and power and cogeneration projects will go ahead as planned.

A range of additional policy, technological and economic factors could influence long term trends in the energy sector. For example, energy consumption in particular sectors or activities could be affected by technological developments. More generally, a range of variables influence the broad trends in energy consumption. The most important ones are economic growth, population growth, the levels of key macroeconomic variables, and world oil prices. Assumptions about these variables are set out in chapter 3, along with a description of the methods used to formulate the projections.

The projections presented in this report are medium to long term in nature. Inevitably there will be short term fluctuations in both consumption and production, causing the actual outcome in any year to differ from the projections. Furthermore, the report provides a view of the whole energy sector, rather than detailed analyses of particular energy markets or industries. More detailed analyses of particular parts of the energy sector, and also of the shorter term outlook, are provided in various other ABARE publications.

In the following chapter, the current energy situation in Australia and trends over the past twenty years are described.

Energy projections to 2009-1 0 9

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Australia's energy sector - current situation and historical trends

2.1 Overview of current energy consumption

Total energy consumption in Australia in 1993-94 was estimated to be 4174 PJ, an increase of 2.3 per cent over the level of the previous year. Crude oil accounts for 36 per cent of this total, followed by black coal which accounts for 29 per cent (table 1). Of the 4174 PJ, an estimated 1321 PJ or 32 per cent is consumed by the energy conversion sector, the rest (2854 PJ) by end use sectors. Final, or end use, energy consumption is dominated by petroleum products, which account for 49 per cent of final energy use. This reflects the heavy use of petroleum in the transport sector. The other major energy sources for end users are natural gas (19 per cent) and electricity (18 per cent) (table 2). Coal accounts for a very small proportion of final energy

1 Total energy consumption, by fuel, 1993-94

Crude oil 1502.1 36.0 Black coal 1197.4 28.7 Natural gas 733.4 17.6 Brown coal 486.8 11.7 Renewables 254.5 6.0 Total 4174.2 100.0

2 Final energy consumption, by fuel, 1993-94

Petroleum products 1394.4 Natural gas 553.8 Electricity 520.9 Renewables a 194.0 6.8 Coal 1 19.7 4.2 Other 70.7 2.5 Total 2853.5 100.0

a Excludes hydroelectricity.

10 ABARE research report 95.1

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consumption, as it is mainly used in the conversion sector to generate electricity and as an input into coke ovens to produce coke for the iron and steel industry.

New South Wales and Victoria together account for around 57 per cent of total energy consumption in Australia (table 3). The pattern of energy con- sumption, by state, reflects a variety of factors, including: the distribution of population; the location of major industries; and the historical pattern of resource development. Energy consumption per person varies across the states, with the relatively high levels in Western Australia and the Northern Territory reflecting the fact that large amounts of energy are consumed by large energy intensive industries in these states.

The pattern of consumption, by fuel, varies widely across states, largely reflecting the distribution of energy reserves and production. For example, brown coal accounts for 44 per cent of consumption in Victoria, but none in the other states. At the same time, no natural gas is used in Tasmania, but over 40 per cent of the energy consumed in Western Australia is natural gas (figure A).

While some renewable energy is consumed in each state, the types vary widely depending on the available resources. About three-quarters of the renewable energy consumed in Tasmania is hydroelectricity. Hydro- electricity is also used in Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland. In Queensland, most of the renewable energy is in the form of bagasse, which is used in the sugar refining industry. Some bagasse is also used in New South Wales. The other major renewable fuel is wood, which is mainly consumed in the residential sector and to a lesser extent in the wood and

3 Energy consumption, by state, 1993-94

PJ % GJ per person

New South Wales a 1270.2 30.4 209.7 Victoria 1105.1 26.5 246.9 Queensland 788.7 18.9 247.3 Western Australia 553.4 13.3 325.7 South Australia 306.7 7.3 208.9 Tasmania 91.3 2.2 192.2 Northern Territory 58.7 1.4 342.9

a Includes the Australian Capital Territory.

Energy projections to 2009-10 11

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A Energy consumption, by state and fuel, 1993-94 - e ABARE

I New South Wales Victoria I

I Queensland Western Australia I

South Australia

Black coal 2 1.9%

Tasmania Northern Territory

I Black coal 10.6%

- -

ABARE research report 95.1

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4 Energy consumption, by sector, 1993-94

Agriculture Mining Manufacturing Electricity generation Construction Transport Commercial and services Residential Other

paper products industries. Other forms of renewable energy measured by ABARE- solar for domestic uses and other biomass fuels (see appendix B) - account for very small levels of energy consumption in each state.

Among the sectors, the electricity generation sector is the largest consumer of energy in Australia, accounting for 27 per cent of the total (table 4). The manufacturing and transport sectors are the next two biggest consumers of energy.

The pattern of fuel consumption varies widely across sectors (figure B). For example, in the transport sector, virtually all the fuels consumed are petroleum products. In contrast, a range of fuels are used in the manu- facturing sector. Within the manufacturing sector there is a diverse group of industries with very different patterns of energy consumption. For example, in one of the biggest energy consuming manufacturing industries, basic metal products, black coal is the dominant fuel used, mainly in coke ovens but also in kilns and boilers. In contrast, in the basic chemical industry, also a large energy consumer, natural gas and petroleum products are the main fuels used, predominantly as petrochemical feedstocks.

Energy intensity, measured as energy consumption per dollar of output, also varies widely across sectors. The most energy intensive sectors in the Australian economy are electricity, gas and water; transport and storage; and manufacturing (figure C). Within the manufacturing sector, energy intensities vary widely, with particularly high intensities for basic metals products (65 PJ/$b), and chemical, petroleum and coal products (37 PJ/$b), and low intensities for transport equipment (1.8 PJ/$b) and textiles, clothing

Energy projections to 2009-10 13

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1 B Energy consumption, by sector and fuel, 1993-94

Conversion Commercial

Petroleum products 7%

Gas 10%

ctricity 4% Petroleum products 6'%

Transport

Manufacturing Residential

Mining Agriculture

Petrolcum ............. ............. products 85%

Eiectr~city 15%

I I

14 ABARE research report 95.1

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Commerce and servlcea

Transport and storage

Electricity. gas and water

PJ/$b 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

and footwear (3.8 PJ/$b). The lowest levels of energy intensity are in the commerce and services sector and the construction sector. Trends in energy intensity (and its inverse, energy efficiency) over the past twenty years are analysed later in this chapter.

2.2 Trends in energy consumption over the past twenty years Over the twenty years to 1993-94, energy consumption in Australia increased by 60 per cent, at an average annual growth rate of 2.4 per cent. The growth rate for 1993-94 was 2.3 per cent, very close to the twenty year average. However, over the five years to 1993-94, growth was considerably lower than the twenty year average, at 1.7 per cent a year, largely reflecting the slow growth in GDP. For example, in 1991-92 energy consumption grew at only 0.8 per cent, and GDP grew at only 0.5 per cent. As discussed in the following section, growth in the economy is an important determinant of growth in energy consumption.

Among the primary fuels, natural gas showed the fastest consumption growth over the twenty year period, at an average of 7.5 per cent a year. In contrast, growth in consumption of crude oil and renewables was below the rate for overall energy (table 5). Natural gas increased its share of the primary fuel market from just 6.6 per cent in 1973-74 to 17.6 per cent in 1993-94, mainly at the expense of petroleum products used in stationary applications. Consumption of both black and brown coal increased at a faster rate than overall energy consumption, and as a result their shares increased.

Energy projections to 2009-10 15

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5 Energy consumption growth, by fuel

Black coal Brown coal Natural gas Crude oil Renewables

Total

Annual growth 1973-74 to 1993-94

Share 1973-74

Share 1993-94

The increases were driven largely by the use of these coals to generate electricity.

The sectors exhibiting the fastest growth in energy consumption were electricity generation and mining (table 6, figure D). While the electricity generation sector accounted for only 19.5 per cent of total consumption in 1973-74, it now accounts for almost 27 per cent. The growth in energy consumption in the electricity generation sector was largely driven by the growth of large electricity consuming sectors such as manufacturing, especially the aluminium smelting industry, and the commercial and residential sectors. Growth in energy consumption in the mining sector reflects the strong overall growth in activity, especially in coal, gold and iron ore mining and LNG (natural gas) production. Relatively slow annual growth in manufacturing sector energy consumption over the period

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6 Energy consumption growth, by sector

Annual growth Share Share 1973-74 to 1993-94 1973-74 1993-94

Agriculture Mining Manufacturing Electricity generation Transport Construction Commercial and services Residential Other

reflected a number of factors, including: the relatively large energy consumption base in the sector; improvements in energy efficiency (discussed further in the following section); and the restructuring of some industries, particularly the iron and steel industry, after the recession in the early 1980s.

2.3 Trends in energy efficiency Changes in energy consumption over time can be split into three components:

- those attributable to changes in the overall level of activity in the economy (the production effect);

- those attributable to changes in the composition or structure of the economy (the structural shift effect); and

- those attributable to changes in energy efficiency (the real energy intensity effect). Changes in energy efficiency (or its inverse, energy intensity) can be further separated into changes in the fuel mix (fuel mix effect) and changes in technology, operational procedures and conservation practices (technical effect).

The technique for separating out the different factors affecting energy consumption is described in Wilson, Ho Trieu and Bowen (1993). Results for the period 1973-74 to 1990-91 are presented in that report.

Energy projections to 2009-10 17

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The components of changes in energy consumption over the past twenty years are shown in table 7. The production effect (or growth in the output of the economy) alone contributed 64 per cent of the total increase in energy consumption since 1973-74. The effect of structural shifts toward more energy intensive sectors in the economy accounted for 1 1.3 per cent of the increase, or 253 PJ over the base level of energy consumption in 1973-74. Of the 11.3 per cent, 5.7 per cent or 126 PJ was associated with structural change within the manufacturing sector, the rest in other sectors. The production and structural effects were somewhat offset by a 16.5 per cent improvement in energy efficiency (16.5 per cent decline in real intensity), or energy savings of 369 PJ, over the period (table 7).

The 16.5 per cent improvement in energy efficiency over the period was driven by a combination of technical and fuel mix changes. Changes in technology, operational procedures and energy conservation practices account for an estimated 11.3 of the 16.5 per cent efficiency improvement, or 253 PJ in energy savings, while fuel mix changes, particularly the increased use of natural gas and electricity at the expense of petroleum products, accounted for an estimated 6.1 of the 16.5 per cent improvement, or a saving of 134 PJ.

The improvement in energy efficiency in the economy was not evenly spread over time or across sectors. For example, there was a slight decline in energy efficiency in the late 1980s, reflecting the effects of low energy prices and a decline in investment in energy efficient plant and equipment. However, in recent years, energy efficiency improved, in line with the long term trend.

7 Components of changes in energy consumption, 1973-74 to 1993-94 a

Production effect Combined structural shift effect

Manufacturing Other sectors

Real energy intensity effect Fuel mix

Technical change

Total change

a Following the approach in Wilson et al. (1993), private transport is excluded, as output data are not available.

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The improvement of 1.9 per cent over the two years to 1993-94 mostly came from technical improvements.

The contributions of each sector to changes in national energy efficiency over the twenty year period and in recent years are shown in terms of energy intensity in table 8. (Note that a negative term represents an improvement in energy efficiency.)

Over the past twenty years, the manufacturing and transport sectors have made the largest contribution to the overall improvement in energy efficiency. Within the manufacturing sector, major contributions came from the basic metals products and chemical, petroleum and coal products industries. These efficiency gains are largely the result of technical

8 Sectoral contribution to energy intensity trends a

Contribution to change

Energy intensity 1973-74 1991-92 1993-94 to 1993-94 to 1993-94

Agriculture 3.81 -0.1 -0.0 Mining 11.66 2.0 0.7 Manufacturing 17.58 -8.7 -1.4

Food, beverages, tobacco 11.10 -1.4 0.8 Textiles, clothing, footwear 3.83 0.0 0.0 Wood, wood products 6.42 0.3 0.1 Paper, paper products 9.92 -0.6 -0.2 Chemical, petroleum and coal products 37.10 -6.9 -1.2 Non-metallic mineral products 30.94 -2.5 -1.0 Basic metal products 65.73 -14.4 -3.1 Fabricated metal products 2.62 0.2 0.0 Transport equipment 1.83 -0.1 -0.2 Other machinery and equipment 1.12 -0.1 -0.1 Misc. manufacturing 2.46 -0.3 0.0

Electricity, gas and water 88.91 -1.9 -0.4 Construction 1.62 0.3 0.0 Transport and storage 26.87 -5.2 -0.4 Commerce and services 0.8 0.4 -0.1 Residential 8.89 -3.4 -0.2

Australia total 8.98 -16.5 -1.9

a Following the approach in Wilson et al. (1993), private transport is excluded as output data are not available. A negative term represents an improvement in energy efficiency.

Energy projections to 2009-10 19

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improvements, coupled with some fuel switching from petroleum products and coal to natural gas.

The improvement in energy efficiency over the past two years, following a few years of declining efficiency in the late 1980s, was largely driven by improvements in the manufacturing sector. Within the manufacturing sector, the basic metal products industries made the largest contribution to total efficiency improvements in the sector, followed by the chemical, petroleum and coal products industries.

2.4 Energy production and trade In 1993-94, an estimated 9036 PJ of energy was produced in Australia, an increase of just 0.6 per cent over the previous year. The growth in production was considerably slower than the growth in consumption (2.3 per cent), mainly because of the larger production base.

Production of crude oil fell in 1993-94, while production of coal, uranium and natural gas increased. The most substantial increase in production was for natural gas (7.2 per cent), to meet growing demand in the Australian market and increases in LNG exports. Production of renewable energy also increased, following a decline in previous years, largely as a result of declining bagasse production.

In 1993-94, black coal accounted for 53 per cent of total production, in energy terms, followed by uranium (table 9). Coal has dominated the pattern of energy production in Australia over the past twenty years. In 1973-74 it accounted for 49 per cent of total production.

9 Energy production, by fuel, 1993-94

Black coal 4 786.6 Uranium 1 293.0 Crude oil 1 060.8 Natural gas 1 054.1 Brown coal 486.8 Renewables 254.5 LPG 99.9

Total 9 035.7 100.0

20 ABARE research report 95.1

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10 Australian energy trade, 1993-94

Exports

Black coal and coal byproducts 3683.9 Uranium 1876.2 Crude oil 364.6 Natural gas 320.7 Petroleum products 168.7

Total 6 414.1

Imports

PJ

Across the states, the pattern of fuel production varies widely. For example, New South Wales and Queensland together account for 98 per cent of black coal production, while Western Australia and Victoria together account for 83 per cent of crude oil production and 75 per cent of natural gas production.

Australia is a substantial net exporter of energy. Approximately 71 per cent of Australian energy production in 1993-94 was exported. The major energy export is black coal, while the major net import is crude oil (table 10). Around three-quarters of black coal production is exported, and about a third of crude oil production is exported. The major changes in the pattern of energy trade has been the growth of LNG (natural gas) exports since 1989, and substantial exports of crude oil following deregulation of the oil industry in the mid-1980s.

2.5 Energy reserves Compared with current rates of production, Australia has vast demonstrated reserves of energy (table 11). While a range of factors, such as the proximity of reserves to major markets, will influence the economic viability of developing reserves, overall, resource availability is unlikely to be a constraint on Australian energy consumption.

In energy terms, Australia's economic energy resources are dominated by coal, followed by uranium, natural gas, crude oil and condensate and LPG. There is no overall estimate of renewable energy resources in Australia comparable to the quantitative estimates for non-renewables. In general terms, compared with current production levels, further economic reserves of renewable energy are relatively limited. For example, with the exception

Energy projections to 2009-10 21

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Australian identified recoverable resources of energy minerals and 1 1 fuels

Black coal a Brown coal a Petroleum b

Crude oil c Natural gas LPG d Shale oil

Uranium a

Unit

Gt Gt

Demonstrated resources

Economic Subeconomic Inferred Production

resources 1993-94

very large 0.18 165 0.05

a As at December 1993. b As at 1 January 1992. c Includes condensate. d Naturally occurring. e A 75 per cent probability of undiscovered potential resources. na Not available. Sources: Bureau of Resource Sciences; ABARE.

of Tasmania and the Snowy Mountains, Australia is not well endowed with hydroelectric potential and most of the economically favourable sites have already been exploited. While technical opportunities for further use of other types of renewable energy such as tidal, wind and solar power exist, further extensive development is generally not economic at current prices and costs. A more detailed discussion of the likely long term viability of renewable energy in Australia is provided in Stevens (1994).

2.6 Greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector Total greenhouse gas emissions from the production and use of energy in Australia are estimated to have been 3 18 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 1993-94, an increase of 16 per cent over 1987-88 levels (table 12). Over the past few years, the rate of increase in emissions from the sector has slowed. For the two years from 1987-88 to 1989-90, emissions from the sector increased by 10 per cent, while over the four years to 1993-94 the total increase was just 5 per cent. This slowdown in emissions growth reflects the slowdown in the growth of energy consumption, improvements in energy efficiency and switching to fuels with lower carbon contents (and hence lower carbon dioxide emissions), most notably natural gas.

The emissions reported in table 12 include carbon dioxide (COz), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N20). Carbon dioxide accounts for the bulk of the

22 ABARE research report 95.1

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total emissions. In 1993-94, carbon dioxide accounted for an estimated 92 per cent of total energy sector greenhouse gas emissions.

Production and use of black coal accounted for an estimated 41 per cent of total emissions from the energy sector in 1993-94, brown coal 14 pes cent, petroleum products 30 per cent and natural gas 13 per cent. Use of wood and bagasse accounts for 18 million tonnes a year, but the net effect is

12 Greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector, by industry and fuel type a

Fuel Black coal b Brown coal Petroleum products Natural gas c Wood and bagasse

Industry Combustion activities

Agriculture 3 Mining and manufacturing d 49 Electricity generation 113 Other energy transforn~ation e 28 Road transport 50 Other domestic transport 9 Commercial f 3 Residential 5

Non-combustion activities g 8

Total domestic h (of which C 0 2 is)

International transport i 6 6 7

Total energy h 275 303 318 (of which C 0 2 is) (254) (280) (293)

a Includes C02, CH, and N20 on a CO, equivalent basis. To convert to C02 equivalent, global warming potentials of 21 for CH4 and 290 for N20 were used. b Includes coal seam gases, c Includes vented and flared gases from oil and gas production. d lncludes construction. e Petroleum refining, coke ovens, briquetting and gas industry own use and losses. f Includes ASIC divisions F, H, 1, J, K, L (see appendix D) and the water, sewerage and drainage industries. g Includes direct emissions from coal mining and petroleum production (venting, flaring and coal seam gases); and petrochemical feedstocks, lubricants, bitumen, solvents and waxes (excluding carbon sequestered in these products). h Excludes emissions from wood and bagasse combustion. i International aviation and marine bunker fuels loaded in Australia. Sources: ABARE; National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Committee (1994).

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assumed to be zero if the trees and sugar cane are grown on a sustainable basis.

The industries which contribute most to energy sector greenhouse gas emissions (using 1993-94 estimates) are: electricity generation (45 per cent); road transport (19 per cent); mining, manufacturing and construction industries (18 per cent); and other energy transformation industries, such as coke ovens and petroleum refining (10 per cent) (table 12).

In table 12, emissions from energy transformation (such as electricity generation and oil refining) are allocated to the transformation activity rather than the end use. This approach has been adopted because it shows where the emissions actually take place. The alternative approach of attributing all emissions to energy use would require manipulation of data to extract all the energy uses associated with energy supply as distinct from end use. For example, in the case of natural gas supply this would involve distinguishing use in gas production, transmission and distribution, which are recorded under three separate economic activities - mining, transport and gas distribution.

One implication of using the method of attributing emissions to the transformation activity rather than the end use is that sectors which largely use electricity, such as the residential and commercial sectors, are shown as having very low levels of emissions because any electricity related emissions are attributed only to electricity generation. Therefore, the scope for reducing carbon dioxide emissions from the residential sector is greater than might be suggested by the estimates in table 12, given that electricity accounts for a large proportion of the energy consumed in the sector.

24 ABARE research report 95. I

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Energy projections to 2009-10

3.1 Method and assumptions

The major input into ABARE's biennial energy projections is the information collected in the fuel and electricity survey. The survey covers large energy users in the mining, manufacturing, communication, health, public administration and electricity generation sectors. Information is collected on current and expected energy consumption patterns and levels. The projections for these sectors are therefore implicitly based on consumers' own expectations about factors which will influence their energy use, such as economic growth, prices and availability of various fuels, and government policies. The survey based forecasts are, however, subject to an extensive system of checking and are modified in the light of energy suppliers' forecasts and estimates about the amount of energy available. Further details of the survey are provided in appendix B.

Responses to the survey are also supplemented by ABARE projections of energy requirements of known and likely new projects, such as new mineral processing plants or gas pipelines coming on stream. Information on these developments is obtained from a wide range of sources, including the project developers. In general, only those projects which are already committed or have reached the final feasibility stage are included. Assumptions about new projects are detailed in the relevant sections.

In some cases announced intentions and responses to the survey do not adequately cover the full projection period. In such cases, judgments about long term outcomes must be made, based on an assessment of the relevant market factors and the likely policy setting. For example, in the case of fuel use for electricity generation, utilities generally have not announced plans to cover the full period to 2009-10, so judgments must be made on the likely fuel source for any long term capacity expansions. The assumptions made take into account the competitiveness of available fuels, as well as any possible long term environmental or other policies which could affect fuel choices.

Energy consumption in the sectors not adequately covered by the survey - agriculture, construction, wholesale and retail trade, transport other than

Energy projections to 2009-10 25

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rail, finance, recreational and residential - is projected using economic models of varying degrees of complexity. Details of the models are provided in appendix C. In general, the models estimate consumption for Australia as a whole. State level projections are then based on projected trends in population.

Many possible policy and technological changes would have only relatively small effects on the overall energy sector. For example, unanticipated changes in policies affecting only small parts of the energy market are unlikely to have significant effects on the overall energy sector. However, assessing impacts of possible broader policies such as those to address climate change is a more critical issue, as these could have major effects on the whole energy system. For example, policies to meet substantial greenhouse gas reduction targets could have a major impact on fuel use in electricity generation, which would in turn affect the whole energy sector.

13 Economic and demographic assumptions

Australian real Nominal World oil Australian GDP growth exchange rate prices a population b

a World trade weighted price in 1994-95 dollars. b As at 30 June. Sources: ABS (1 994); ABARE.

26 ABARE researclz report 95.1

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Given the importance of such factors and the current uncertainty about future environmental policies, possible effects of alternative policies as simulated in ABARE's MENSA model of the Australian energy system and global MEGABARE model are reported in this chapter.

Assumptions concerning economic, demographic and other variables influencing energy production and use are also central to the projection exercise. The key assumptions made are set out in table 13. Further background on ABARE's macroeconomic assumptions and oil price projections is provided in Fisher (1995) and Donaldson (1995).

3.2 Projected trends in energy consumption, by fuel Total energy consumption in Australia is projected to grow at an average rate of 1.7 per cent a year, to 2009-10. This growth will result in total consumption of 5506 PJ (figure E). The projected rate of growth is less than the average for the past 20 years (2.4 per cent) for a number of reasons: future growth will be from a substantially larger base level of consumption; further improvements in energy efficiency are expected, in response to technological improvements and policy and price induced changes in consumers' behaviour; and the expectation that environmental policies could be introduced to reduce energy consumption in order to reduce emissions from the sector.

The projected annual growth in energy consun~ption (1.7 per cent) is less than the assumed rates of growth in GDP, largely because of expected

/ E Energy consumption, by fuel

Energy projections to 2009-10 2 7

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- - - - - - - - - - -

improvements in energy efficiency. Similar trends are expected in other OECD countries. For example, the International Energy Agency projects that total energy consumption across the OECD will grow at an average rate of 1.3 per cent a year to 2010. Over the same period, OECD economic growth is assumed to average 2.3 per cent a year (IEA 1994).

Among the primary fuels, crude oil is expected to continue to dominate, accounting for almost 34 per cent of projected total energy consumption in 2009-10. The most notable feature of the pattern of consumption, by fuel, is the continuing strong growth in the use of natural gas. The share of natural gas in primary energy consumption is expected to increase from almost 18 per cent in 1993-94 to over 23 per cent in 2009-10 (table 14).

Natural gas consumption is projected to grow at an average rate of 3.5 per cent a year to 2009-10 (table 14). This growth rate represents a slight increase over the past five years. The main gas consuming sectors are expected to continue to be manufacturing (accounting for 39 per cent of total natural gas consumption in 2009-10) and electricity generation (23 per cent). The most significant projected change in the pattern of natural gas consumption is the increase in the share of gas used to generate electricity (figure F). Electricity generation is projected to account for 23 per cent of total natural gas consumption in 2009-10, up from 20 per cent in 1993-94. This growth reflects the expectation that a substantial proportion (around 30 per cent) of new incremental electricity generating capacity will be gas fired.

As far as possible, the projected growth in the use of gas for electricity generation is based on utilities' announced plans. However, these generally ,

14 Projected energy consumption, by fuel

Consumption Growth rate Share Share 2009-10 1993-94 to 2009-10 1993-94 2009-10

Black coal 1 528.3 Brown coal 574.7 Crude oil 1 854.9 Natural gas 1 271.6 Renewables 276.8

Total 5 506.3 1.7

28 ABARE research report 95.1

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F Natural gas consumption, by sector 5 ABARE

do not cover the full projection period to 2009-10. As a result, some assumptions must be made. Where the likely fuel source for necessary capacity expansions is unclear, it is generally assumed that natural gas will be used. This assumption is based on a number of factors.

First, it is based on the environmental advantages of natural gas, which will become increasingly important if climate change policies are introduced, and gas is favoured over coal because of its lower carbon content.

Second, it recognises some of the other advantages that natural gas has over other fuels for generating electricity - for example, the lower set- up costs, shorter lead times and higher efficiencies for gas fired generating plant.

Third, the assumption takes account of the likely impacts of gas and electricity market reforms underway in Australia, and the increasing scope they will provide for gas fired power generation.

It is also assumed that advanced coal technologies (integrated gasification combined cycle and fluidised bed combustion) will not be viable in the projection period, due to relatively high construction, operation and maintenance costs (Dickson et al. 1994). Projected fuel consumption in electricity generation is discussed further in the following section.

One of the main reasons for the projected growth in consumption of natural gas in the mining and manufacturing sectors is the extension of the gas pipeline network. The network expansion is expected to proceed at a much

Energy projectioizs to 2009-1 0 29

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slower rate than over the past twenty years, when the opening up of major markets was one of the main reasons for the strong growth in consumption (at 7.5 per cent a year).

However, new pipelines are expected to open up some large markets, especially in the mining and manufacturing sectors where a number of large energy intensive projects, existing and greenfield, are expected to start using gas or to expand capacity. For example, the Goldfields Gas Transmission pipeline project is projected to lead to an increase in gas consumption in the Goldfields region in Western Australia of around 30 PJ a year, while production of iron via the direct reduction technology plant in the Pilbara will add an estimated 45 PJ a year to gas demand. Major capacity expansions and fuel switching at alumina plants in Western Australia and the Northern Territory, and switching to ethane at the ICI petrochemical plant at Botany in New South Wales are also incorporated.

Across the states, Western Australia is expected to continue to be the largest gas consuming state, accounting for 37 per cent of the total in 2009-10, an increase over its current share of 32 per cent. Victoria and New South Wales are expected to be the next biggest gas consuming states, accounting for 28 per cent and 16 per cent respectively of total Australian natural gas consumption. The increase in Western Australia's share is the result of a number of large gas using projects coming on stream, including expansion of LNG supply capacity. The processing of LNG involves consumption of large volumes of natural gas.

While natural gas is projected to be the fastest growing primary fuel, black coal and crude oil are still expected to account for the largest shares of the fuel mix. The demand for coal will continue to be driven by its use to generate electricity. Reflecting this, New South Wales and Queensland, where electricity generation is largely coal based, together account for over 80 per cent of projected black coal consumption in 2009-10. In areas where natural gas is not available, coal is the preferred fuel because of its relatively low cost and easy storage.

Most of the crude oil consumed in Australia is in the form of petroleum products. Consumption of petroleum products is projected to increase at an average rate of 1.4 per cent a year to 2009-10. Automotive gasoline is expected to continue to account for the biggest share of Australian petroleum products consumption, accounting for 34 per cent of the total in 2009-10, down from 38 per cent in 1993-94. The other major petroleum

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Total use of petroleum products E ABARE

Other

Autoniotive gasoline

product, automotive diesel oil, is expected to increase its share from 26 per cent in 1993-94 to 30 per cent in 2009-10 (figure G).

Consumption of renewables is expected to increase at 0.5 per cent a year over the next fifteen years, less than the growth rate over the past twenty years (1.3 per cent). No major expansions of hydroelectricity capacity are projected, but an increase in the use of bagasse to generate electricity which will be sold onto the grid in Queensland is projected. In the absence of major technological developments, big increases in the use of renewable energy are unlikely to be economically feasible over the projection period, but may be possible over the longer term (Stevens 1994). Some increases in small markets, such as solar water heating, are expected in response to Com- monwealth initiatives such as the Energy Card, which provides concessional finance for investments in solar water heaters.

Electricity consumption is projected to increase at an average rate of 2 per cent a year to 2009-10. The growth is expected to vary across Australia, with relatively strong growth expected in Queensland (2.9 per cent) and Western Australia (2.7 per cent). The stronger trends in these two states largely reflect the influence of their projected relatively strong economic growth and population growth.

The manufacturing sector is expected to continue to be the major consumer of electricity, accounting for 34 per cent of the total in 2009-10 (figure H). Within the manufacturing sector, the basic metal products industries, primarily the aluminium smelting industry, are expected to continue to be major consumers of electricity.

Energy projections to 2009-10 31

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3.3 Projected trends in energy consumption, by sector The conversion, transport and manufacturing sectors are projected to continue to be the major energy consuming sectors out to 2009-10 (figure H). Of the total 5506 PJ of projected energy consumption in 2009-10, 31 per cent is consumed by the conversion sector, which is in turn dominated by electricity generation.

Electricity generation is expected to maintain its share of almost 27 per cent of total energy consumption. The manufacturing and transport sectors are projected to each account for around 25 per cent of total energy consumption in 2009-1 0. Compared with the current shares, the mining sector's share of total consumption is expected to increase slightly, while manufacturing's is expected to fall slightly (table 15).

Overall, the sectoral pattern of consumption is expected to remain broadly similar to that of the past twenty years (figure I).

Within the electricity generation sector, significant changes in the pattern of fuel consumption are expected. While coal is expected to continue to be the major fuel used, the role of natural gas is expected to increase substantially. In 2009-10, natural gas is projected to account for 14 per cent of fuel inputs for thermal electricity generation, compared with 9 per cent in 1993-94 (figure J). Black coal is expected to account for 58 per cent and brown coal 27 per cent of the energy consumed in electricity generation in

- - - - - - pp

ABARE research report 95.1

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15 Projected energy consumption, by sector

Agriculture Mining Manufacturing Electricity generation Construction Transport Commercial and services Residential Other

Growth rate, 1993-94 to 2009-10

Share 1993-94

Share 2009-10

2009- 10. Thermal efficiency in electricity generation is expected to improve by 7 per cent, from 33.5 per cent in 1993-94 to 35.8 per cent in 2009-10.

As noted earlier, most of the economically favourable sites for hydro- electricity have been developed, and therefore electricity generated from hydro is projected to increase only slightly over the projection period. The contribution from other renewable sources such as solar, wind and tidal is expected to remain small (further discussion of solar is in appendix B).

Generating capacity increases will be met by the black coal fired Mt Piper station in New South Wales and the brown coal fired Loy Yang B station in

Energy projections to 2009- 10 33

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J Fuel use in thermal electricity generation l ABARE

Black coal

2000 @ Brown ~ o a l

Victoria. Future expansions of capacity in New South Wales and Victoria are assumed to be predominantly gas fired combined cycle plants (table 16).

In Queensland the majority of additional capacity requirements are assumed to be met by black coal fired stations, with some additional peaking requirements supplied by gas turbines and the linking of the New South Wales and Queensland grid (Eastlink).

Additional capacity for South Australia is expected to be gas fired, along with an additional 250 MW unit at the black coal fired Northern station. Further demand will also continue to be met by the New South Wales - Victoria - South Australia electricity grid link. Western Australia is expected to continue to be supplied with electricity from a mix of black coal and gas fired plant. Additional gas turbines and a black coal fired unit located at Collie have been assumed.

Neither Tasmania nor the Northern Territory are expected to require any new power stations in the projection period. An undersea link between Tasmania and Victoria is a possibility early next century, but it has not been included in these projections. Details of projected fuel requirements for electricity generation, by state, are provided in table 16.

The transport sector is expected to maintain its share of almost 26 per cent of total energy consumption. Transport is also expected to account for the largest proportion of final, or end use, energy consumption - 37 per cent in 2009-10. Energy consumption in the transport sector is expected to grow

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1 6 Projected fuel inputs for thermal electricity generation, by state

PJ PJ New South Wales Black coal 506.7 584.5 Natural gas 1.7 11.7 Petroleum 2.2 3.1

Victoria Brown coal 474.5 525.5 Natural gas 30.4 35.9 Petroleum 0.4 0.5

Queensland Black coal 285.8 348.8 Natural gas 0.1 9.7 Petroleum 4.6 9.5

Western Australia Black coal 85.4 102.1 Natural gas 49.0 69.9 Petroleum 17.7 7.5

South Australia Black coal 36.1 35.6 Natural gas 53.4 61.3 Petroleum 0.4 0.3

I Tasmania

I Petroleum 0.2 0.2

Northern Territory Natural gas 13.5 16.3 Petroleum 2.9 5.5

at an average of 1.7 per cent a year, slightly less than the rate over the past twenty years. Road transport is expected to dominate the sector, accounting for 76 per cent of the total in 2009-10, down slightly from its current share of 79 per cent of transport sector fuel consumption. For the road transport sector, petrol prices are assumed to increase at the same rate as oil prices over the projection period.

The major change expected in the pattern of consumption in the road transport sector is the substitution of unleaded for leaded automotive gasoline. While in 1993-94 leaded gasoline accounted for 51 per cent of

Energy projections to 2009-10 35

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total gasoline consumption, by 2005-06 virtually all gasoline consumption is expected to be unleaded (figure K). The decline in the use of leaded fuel reflects the assumption that leaded fuel vehicles will gradually be eliminated from the fleet over time. Natural gas and LPG are expected to continue to account for small shares of the total transport market, largely supplying niche markets such as urban fleet vehicles and, in the case of natural gas, urban buses.

Consumption of energy in the air transport sector is also expected to continue to grow strongly, in response to the growing tourism industry and increasing air travel in response to air fares which are competitive with the prices for other transport. The projections of energy demand for the air transport sector rely on forecasts and assumptions for passenger numbers, air fares and other variables provided by the Bureau of Tourism Research and the Bureau of Transport and Communication Economics.

Consumption of energy in the rail and water transport sectors is relatively small compared with road and air transport. Rail transport energy consumption is expected to grow at an average rate of 1.3 per cent a year, with electricity increasing its share from 20 per cent in 1993-94 to 26 per cent in 2009-10, due to increasing electrification of the rail system. Water transport energy consumption, which is dominated by petroleum products, is expected to decline, on average, by 0.4 per cent a year over the projection period.

Natural gas use in pipeline compressors (classified as a transport activity) is projected to grow strongly, averaging 4.1 per cent a year. This reflects

/ K Transport sector fuel use E ABARE

Fuel oil and IDF

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new pipelines such as the Goldfields Gas Transmission pipeline coming on stream, and the need to increase the capacity of some existing pipelines.

In the manufacturing sector, the major change in energy consumption is expected to be increasing use of natural gas. This reflects both fuel switching in some major plants, plus capacity expansions in some minerals processing plants, as discussed earlier. Overall, natural gas is projected to account for 36 per cent of fuel consumption in the manufacturing sector, an increase over the current share of 29 per cent. However, within the manufacturing sector there is a diverse range of fuel use patterns. For example, coal has been and will continue to be the major fuel used in the basic iron and steel industry.

The mining sector is expected to exhibit the fastest rate of growth in energy consumption over the projection period. Particularly large increases in energy consumption are associated with expansion of LNG supply. Natural gas currently accounts for 54 per cent of energy consumed in the mining sector, and this share is expected to increase to 61 per cent in 2009- 10. Diesel and electricity are the other main fuels used in the mining sector.

Relatively strong growth in energy consumption is also expected in the commercial sector. However, the rate of growth is expected to be slightly slower than over the past 20 years. Electricity and natural gas are expected to continue to dominate the fuel mix in the sector. Natural gas is expected to account for 29 per cent of the total in 2009-10, up from 23 per cent in 1993-94, reflecting the expectation that new or improved gas technology in areas such as air conditioning will encourage switching to natural gas. Electricity is expected to account for 63 per cent of the energy consumed in the commercial sector in 2009-10, slightly down from its current share of 66 per cent.

Only minor changes are expected in the pattern of fuel consumption in the residential sector. Electricity is expected to be the major form of energy used, accounting for 45 per cent of the total in 2009-10, up slightly from its share of 42 per cent in 1993-94. Natural gas is expected to increase its share of the market, from 28 per cent of the market in 1993-94 to 35 per cent in 2009-10. Consumption of wood in the sector is expected to decline, in line with increasing environmental concerns and competitiveness of gas and electricity appliances. The use of solar hot water heating is expected to increase over the period, from a very low base. By 2009-10, solar's estimated contribution to the residential sector will be 1 per cent, or 4.5 PJ. - - - - - -

Energy projections to 2009-10 37

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In both the construction and agricultural sectors, diesel is expected to continue to be the major fuel used.

3.4 Projected trends in energy consumption, by equipment type Data on energy consumption by the type of equipment or devices in which it is used are provided in appendix table C2. Trends in energy consumption, by equipment type, are shown in figure L. (Note that the total energy consumption, by equipment type, is considerably greater than the total elsewhere, because it is impossible to remove double counting without omitting the energy consumed in conversion equipment.)

The largest single category of end use device continues to be boilers, where energy is used to produce steam for process heat, electricity generation and increasingly for cogeneration; the coproduction of electricity and process heat. In 1993-94,30 per cent of total energy consumption was in boilers. Of this, 79 per cent was to produce steam for the sole purpose of electricity generation and a further 13.5 per cent for cogeneration.

Other major equipment types used in energy conversion are chemical and petroleum refining equipment (25 per cent of total energy consumption), coke ovens (2.8 per cent) and briquetting plants (0.2 per cent). Mobile engines, defined to include all transport equipment, accounts for 18.7 per cent of total energy consumption. Stationary engines account for a further 1.2 per cent. Stationary engines include turbine and piston engines for power generation, compressor engines for pipeline use and fluid pumps.

/ L Total energy consumption, by equipment type l ABARE

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The fuels used in different equipment types generally reflect the uses to which the equipment is put, along with relative fuel prices. Coal is mainly used as a boiler fuel, and in coke ovens. Natural gas is a more versatile fuel and can be used in most types of energy equipment. Petroleum products are used mainly in mobile and stationary engines where fewer fuel substitutes are available.

3.5 Projected trends in energy production and trade Total energy production in Australia is projected to be 14 798 PJ in 2009-10, more than 60 per cent above the 1993-94 level. Over the period to 2009-10, energy production in Australia is expected to increase at an average rate of 3.1 per cent a year. This projected growth rate is above that expected for energy consumption in Australia, as energy exports are expected to grow strongly.

Black coal is expected to continue to dominate the pattern of both energy production (figure M, table 17) and trade (table 18). In 2009-10, black coal is expected to account for 48.6 per cent of Australian energy production, in energy terms. At the same time, black coal is expected to account for 52.6 per cent of Australian energy exports, in energy terms.

A feature of the projected energy production is the strong growth in production of natural gas, driven largely by increases in the volume of LNG exports. Exports of LNG are expected to grow at an average rate of 7.0 per cent a year out to 2009-10 (table 18). Underpinning this projection is the

i assumption that over the next fifteen years two new liquefaction trains will

Energy projections to 2009- 10 39

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1 7 Projected energy production

Black coal Brown coal Uranium Crude oil Natural gas Petroleum products Renewables

Total

Production 2009-10

Average annual growth 1993-94 to 2009-10

be added to the North West Shelf project and a greenfield project will be developed on the Gorgon field to meet growing demand in the Asia Pacific region. Other potential greenfield projects - such as Tern and Petrel in the Bonaparte Basin - could come on stream over the projection period, although at this stage they are too preliminary to include in the projections. For both coal and LNG, growth in exports will depend very much on developments in Asian markets. Demand for both coal and LNG will be influenced by government policies and economic growth, and competition from alternative suppliers will be important. For example, Indonesia's growing presence in thermal coal trade could constrain the rate of growth in Australia's export volume to some extent (Millsteed et al. 1993). In the

18 Projected Australian energy trade

Average Average annual growth annual growth

Exports 1993-94 Imports 1993-94 2009-10 to 2009-10 2009-10 to 2009-10

Black coal and byproducts 5 668.4 2.7 Uranium 3 760.0 4.4 Crude oil 219.7 -3.1 1 360.5 3.5 Natural gas 946.6 7.0 Petroleum products 178.5 0.4 120.5 0.9

Total 10 773.2 3.3 1481.0 3.2

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19 BRS projections of crude oil and condensate production Identified and undiscovered

Probability

Source: BRS (1 994).

case of LNG, environmental policies could provide a boost to demand (Mander et al. 1994).

Projections for crude oil and condensate production are provided by the Bureau of Resource Sciences (BRS) (table 19). The BRS estimates of crude oil and condensate production out to 2004-05 were published in Oil and Gas Resources of Australia 1993 in 1994. On BRS advice, production between 2004-05 and 2009-10 was assumed to remain constant.

Using the BRS 50 per cent probability estimate of future crude oil and condensate production, net crude oil imports are projected to increase from 10 500 million litres in 1993-94 to 29 200 million litres in 2009-10, an average increase of 6.6 per cent a year. Naturally occurring LPG production is expected to increase by about a third over the projection period, mainly as a result of the B u m p Peninsula LPG export scheme based on the Wannea, Cossack, North Rankin and Goodwyn fields coming on stream in 1996. As a result, exports of LPG are expected to increase dramatically in the short term.

Uranium production is expected to reach nearly 6800 tonnes U in 2009- 10, assuming a continuation of the current 'three mines' policy and expected increases in capacity at the existing two mines.

Energy projections to 2009-10 41

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3.6 Projected greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector Total greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector are projected to be 410 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2009-10 (table 20), a 29 per cent increase over the estimated level in 1993-94 and a 36 per cent increase over the 1989-90 level. Black coal is expected to continue to account for the bulk of the emissions - 39 per cent in 2009-10. Among the sectors, electricity generation is expected to account for 45 per cent of emissions in 2009-10, reflecting the heavy use of black coal.

Several comparisons between past and projected emissions are particularly important given the Australian government's international commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The Convention came into force in March 1994. A target that is consistent with several of the Framework Convention commitments is to stabilise greenhouse gas emissions at their 1990 level by the year 2000 (referred to as the 1990 stabilisation target).

The 1990 stabilisation target applies to the whole economy, not just the energy sector. It is unlikely that the most economically efficient way to meet the target would involve equal reductions across all sectors, but it is likely that some reductions would be necessary across each sector.

The projected total emissions from the energy sector in 1999-2000 are 21 per cent above the 1989-90 level (figure N).

I N Greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector EABARE

Slablllsat~on a1 1990 level

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In October 1990, the Australian government agreed to adopt an 'interim planning target' of stabilising emissions of greenhouse gases not covered by the Montreal Protocol at their 1988 level by the year 2000 and to reduce these emissions by a further 20 per cent by the year 2005. The commitment is subject to the provision that the measures taken to meet it do not have net adverse economic impacts nationally or on Australia's trade competitive- ness in the absence of similar action by major greenhouse gas producing

20 Projected greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector a

Fuel Black coal b Brown coal Petroleum products Natural gas c Wood and bagasse

Industry Combustion activities

Agriculture Mining and manufacturing d Electricity generation Other energy transformation e Road transport Other domestic transport Commercial f Residential

Non-combustion activities g

Total domestic h (of which CO, is)

International transport i 8

Total energy h (of which C 0 2 is)

a Includes C02, CH4 and N,O on a C 0 2 equivalent basis. To convert to C 0 2 equivalent, global warming potentials of 21 for CH4 and 290 for N 2 0 were used. b Includes coal seam gases. c Includes vented and flared gases from oil and gas production. d Includes construction. e Petroleum refining, coke ovens, briquetting and gas industry own use and losses. f Includes ASIC divisions F, H, I, J, K, L (see appendix D) and the water, sewerage and drainage industries. g Includes direct emissions from coal mining and petroleum production (venting, flaring and coal seam gases); and petrochemical feedstocks, lubricants, bitumen, solvents and waxes (excluding carbon sequestered in these products). h Excludes emissions from wood and bagasse combustion. i International aviation and marine bunker fuels loaded in Australia. Sources: ABARE; National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Committee (1994). The BTCE provided projections for emissions in the road transport and other domestic transport industries.

Energy projections to 2009-10 43

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countries. This target represents a much tighter constraint than the 1990 stabilisation target.

Compared with 1987-88 levels, greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector are projected to be 33 per cent higher in 1999-2000, and 43 per cent higher in 2004-05.

As noted earlier, the projections of energy consumption and related greenhouse gas emissions are made in a very uncertain policy setting. At this stage, the Australian government is still in the process of further developing policies to implement Australia's commitments under the Convention. There are many issues to be resolved at both the national and international levels. The key next step will be the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations' Framework Convention on Climate Change in March 1995. This meeting of the parties, which includes Australia, is expected to resolve some (though by no means all) of the outstanding issues surrounding international commitments to reduce emissions. The policy setting should therefore become somewhat clearer later this decade. Until then it is not possible to confidently estimate the likely impacts of national and international climate change policies on future energy consumption and production.

One element of the government's existing policy on climate change that has been defined and implemented is the National Greenhouse Response Strategy (NGRS). As noted earlier, the estimated effects of this policy package have been incorporated in the projections presented in table 20. It is assumed that the policy package will slightly reduce the growth in emissions from the energy sector. The estimated saving is broadly consistent with the potential reductions identified in Australia's national report on climate change (Commonwealth of Australia 1994). In that report, carbon dioxide emissions from the energy sector (excluding transport) are estimated to increase by around 50 million tonnes between 1990 and 2000, if no policy measures are implemented. As a result of the NGRS measures, emissions are projected to be reduced by 8.3 million tonnes over the same period. In the projections presented in table 20, the estimated increase over the period for the energy sector (excluding transport), including the effects of the NGRS, is projected to be 42 million tonnes of carbon dioxide.

As discussed in chapter 3, the projections of energy consumption and associated emissions do not explicitly take account of the possible intro- duction of policies to meet substantial greenhouse gas reduction targets.

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21 Fuel shares in 2010: MENSA simulations

No greenhouse targets

Black coal 35 Brown coal 8 Crude oil 38 Natural gas 14 Renewables 5

1990 stabilisation

Interim planning target

While it is possible that such policies may already be influencing some producers' and consumers' expectations, it would be premature to explicitly incorporate estimated effects, given the level of uncertainty about future policies. However, ABARE's MENSA and MEGABARE models have been used to assess the possible implications of alternative climate change policies. For example, MENSA, ABARE's model of the Australian energy sector, has been used to simulate the effects of imposing various emissions reduction targets, including the 1990 stabilisation and the interim planning targets.

The MENSA simulation results illustrate that policies to meet stringent greenhouse gas reduction targets could have a significant impact on the pattern of fuel use in Australia. For example, under the interim planning target the share of natural gas in total energy consumption in 2010 would be much higher than if there were no greenhouse targets imposed in the model - 30 per cent compared with 14 per cent (table 21). At the same time, the shares of black and brown coal would be lower if the targets are imposed. These results largely reflect the changing patterns of fuel consumption in the electricity generation sector if stringent climate change policies were to be introduced.

ABARE's MEGABARE model has also been used to assess the global effects of climate change policies (Hanslow et al. 1994). The simulation results show that world output of oil, coal and natural gas would each decline under a policy to achieve a 20 per cent reduction in emissions in the Annex 1 countries (the OECD, plus the former Soviet Union and Eastern and Central Europe). The fall in gas production would be considerably smaller than that for coal (10 per cent compared with 26 per cent). This largely reflects the effects of substitution of gas for coal in electricity generation.

Energy projections to 2009-10 45

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Concluding comments

A complex set of market, policy and technological factors influence energy consumption and production. Over the past few years fundamental changes in some of these factors have started to occur. For example, as part of the ongoing process of microeconomic reform in the Australian economy, governments have committed to reforming electricity and gas markets to ensure that trade is more open and competitive and that prices more accurately reflect costs of supply. A number of policies have been introduced to address environmental concerns, focusing mainly on improving energy efficiency, and further policies have been proposed in the light of the Australian government's international commitment on climate change.

The effects of some of the changes in the energy sector have already started to appear. For example, energy efficiency in the economy has improved in recent years. The rate of increase in greenhouse gas emissions has also slowed over the past two years, reflecting both improvements in energy efficiency and switching to fuels such as natural gas which produce less greenhouse gas emissions. Major new gas pipelines have been built or proposed and a number of significant private power and cogeneration projects have been completed or commited, developments which would not have been possible just a few years ago.

The changing policy and economic setting, uncertainty about the nature and extent of future changes, and uncertainty about energy producers' and consumers' reponses to policies increase the complexity of projecting long term changes in the energy sector. The energy sector outlook presented in this report is based, where possible, on assessments of energy producers' and consumers' announced intentions, which to some extent incorporate expectations about future policy and economic changes. It is of course impossible to predict all possible changes over a fifteen year period. One of the key uncertainties concerns future climate change policies. These could have a significant effect on the long term pattern of energy production and consumption in Australia.

One of the major features of projected energy consumption in Australia over the next fifteen years is the increasing use of natural gas. This reflects the

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-

environmental advantages of natural gas over other fossil fuels, which will become more important if further polices are introduced to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It also reflects the expectation that natural gas will become more widely available at competitive prices, as further pipelines are built and more reserves are developed.

While switching to natural gas, especially from coal and petroleum products, is expected to continue over the next fifteen years in Australia, some of the key features of energy consumption and production are expected to remain fairly constant. For example: crude oil is expected to continue to account for the largest share of total energy consumption; electricity generation is expected to remain the largest consumer of energy among the sectors; and black coal is expected to continue to dominate the pattern of both energy production and trade.

Energy projections to 2009-1 0 47

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Appendix

Indicative energy content conversion factors

The factors listed in tables 22 to 24 should be used when converting individual types of fuel from volume or weight to energy equivalence or vice versa. The values are indicative only, because the quality of any fuel varies with such factors as location, air pressure and temperature. Values given here apply at a temperature of 15°C and pressure of 1 atmosphere (101.3 kilopascals). The values are the gross energy content of the fuel - that is, the total amount of heat that will be released by combustion.

2 2 Energy content of solid fuels

Black coal New South Wales

Exports - coking coal - steaming coal

Electricity generation Steelworks Washed steaming coal Unwashed steaming coal

Queensland Exports - coking coal

- steaming coal Electricity generation Other

South Australia

Western Australia

Tasmania

Brown coal (Victoria) Coal Briquettes

Coke

Wood (dry)

Bagasse

Energy content

GJ/t

Sources: BHP; State Electricity Commission of Victoria; ABARE.

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The usable energy content of uranium metal (U) is 0.56 PJIt and that of uranium oxide (U3O8) is 0.47 PJIt. The oxide contains 84.8 per cent of the metal by weight.

23 Energy content of liquid fuels

By volume

MJL LPG - propane 25.3 - butane 27.7 - mixture 25.7 - naturally occurring 26.5 Aviation gasoline 33.1 Automotive gasoline 34.2 Power kerosene 37.5 Aviation turbine fuel 36.8 Lighting kerosene 36.6 Heating oil 37.3 Automotive diesel oil 38.6 Industrial diesel fuel 39.6 Fuel oil - low sulphur 39.7 - high sulphur 40.8 Refinery fuel (FOE) 40.8 Naphtha 31.4 Lubricants and greases 38.8 Bitumen 44.0 Solvents 34.4 Waxes 38.8 Crude oil and other refinery feedstocks - indigenous 37.0 - imports (average) 38.7 Ethanol 23.4 Liquefied natural gas (NW Shelf) 25.0

Specific volume By weight

Sources: Department of Primary Industries and Energy; Woodside Petroleum Ltd.

Energy projections to 2009-10 49

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24 Energy content of gaseous fuels

Natural gas (sales quality) Victoria Queensland South Australia, New South Wales Western Australia Northern Territory

Energy content

Ethane 57.5

Town gas Synthetic natural gas Reformed gas Tempered LPG Tempered natural gas

Coke oven gas 18.1

Blast furnace gas 4.0

So~irces: Department of Primary Industries and Energy; BHP.

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Appendix

Data sources

Historical data on production and consumption of various fuels are available from a number of sources, but few of these are comprehensive or provide much detail on the end uses of energy. While these sources are used in the compilation of data in this report, the main source is the fuel and electricity survey conducted every two years by ABARE.

The survey covers more than 3000 organisations controlling more than 5000 establishments. It is aimed at all establishments with an annual energy consumption of 1 terajoule or more, and is largely confined to the mining, manufacturing, communication, rail transport, health, public administration and electricity generation sectors. [One terajoule (TJ) is 280 000 kwh, and is the heat energy content of about 43 tonnes of black coal or 29 000 litres of petrol.] In the other sectors of the economy, there tend to be many more establishments which are on average much smaller consumers of energy than those in the sectors covered by the survey. In the mining and manu- facturing sectors, organisations covered by the survey are estimated to account for more than 95 per cent of energy use.

The survey provides data on the amount of each type of fuel used by the establishment, together with details of the type of industrial activity engaged in, the application for which the fuel was used, the type of equipment in which it was used and the temperature of the process for which energy is required. It thus provides a highly disaggregated source of data for the sectors covered. Data at a comparable level of detail are not available for other sectors.

The survey results are supplemented by a range of other sources. These are detailed below for each type of energy. Generally, consumption data are not available from these other sources, so sales, or in some cases production, have to be used as a proxy for consumption. In most cases the error introduced by this practice is small, but for fuels where the market is characterised by a small number of very large consumers, such as fuel oil, large variation in stocks renders sales less useful as an estimate of consumption. For these fuels, sales have been adjusted by known stock movements of the major consumers.

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Black coal and coke Black coal consumption is estimated as follows:

Use for electricity generation is taken from the Electricity Supply Association of Australia's annual publication Electricity in Australia.

Use by steelworks is taken as consumption of washed coal in steelworks, as published by the Joint Coal Board (JCB). Coal washery rejects are included in JCB salable coal consumption, but are not included here.

Use by other consumers is taken from JCB data.

JCB data on end use are available at a disaggregated level, and these are reconciled with data from the fuel and electricity survey. The JCB data are not available on a strict financial year basis but on the basis of a statistical year, which usually consists of 52 weeks but sometimes includes 53 weeks. Data on black coal production and exports are also obtained from JCB publications.

Data on production of coke for the years 1960-61 to 1967-68 were obtained from BHP Limited, and for the years 1968-69 to 1972-73 from various issues of the JCB publication Black Coal in Australia. Data for subsequent years were obtained from the fuel and electricity survey.

Brown coal and briquettes Data on production of brown coal and briquettes prior to 1973-74 were obtained from the ABS publication Monthly Summary of Statistics, Victoria (cat. no. 1303.2). Data on production and consumption of brown coal since 1973-74 have been obtained from the fuel and electricity survey. Data on production of briquettes since 1973-74, and on exports of briquettes up to 1983-84, were obtained from annual reports of the State Electricity Commission of Victoria. Data on total briquette sales and exports from 1984-85 onwards have been obtained from annual reports of the Coal Corporation of Victoria and more recently Energy Brix Australia Corporation.

Wood Data on the use of wood as an industrial fuel are obtained from the fuel and electricity survey. Use of firewood in households was estimated for 1976 on the basis of the 1976 Population Census - which included a question on

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the prime source of energy used for lighting, heating, cooking and bath water - and assumed unit consumption rates. Changes in consumption prior to 1976 were estimated on the basis of discussions with a number of firewood merchants. Changes in consumption since 1976 have been estimated on the basis of changes in the stock of wood burning equipment, as estimated from the ABS 1980, 1983 and 1988 Household Appliance Surveys.

Crude oil and petroleum products Data on production, stocks and sales of crude oil, condensate and refined petroleum products are available from industry surveys carried out by the Department of Primary Industries and Energy and by ABARE. For most products, 'sales' is assumed to be a reasonable proxy for consumption, although for some products changes in stocks are taken into account in estimating consumption.

It is assumed that all sales of automotive gasoline are consumed in road vehicles. Further, all consumption of fuel in road vehicles is allocated to the road transport sector, rather than being allocated between personal transport and individual industries. On-road consumption of automotive diesel oil (ADO) and LPG is estimated on the basis of the ABS (1991) Survey of Motor Vehicle Usage, the figures for years between surveys being interpolated.

Consumption of ADO in mobile equipment in the agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting and construction sectors is calculated as the residual of total sales minus known consumption by all other sectors. This residual is allocated between construction and the other industries on the basis of estimates derived from the ABS Agriculture Census, Australian Customs Service excise rebates for ADO used in agriculture, and estimates of the construction vehicle fleet.

About 13 per cent of total refined petroleum production is consumed in non- fuel uses, such as solvents, lubricants, greases, bitumen, waxes, sulphur produced from crude oil, explosives, aerosol propellants and petrochemical feedstocks. To exclude these uses would understate petroleum product consumption and hence crude oil demand. While these products are included for the sake of completeness, for the most part available data do not allow their consumption to be allocated to individual industries. The exception is petrochemical feedstock, consumption of which is assigned to the chemical industry. Other non-fuel uses of petroleum products are not assigned to individual industries, but are accounted for separately.

Energy projections to 2009-10 53

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Data on petroleum product sales are available only for state marketing areas, rather than states. State marketing areas differ from the geographic states around border areas. Moreover, marketing areas differ between companies. However, it is generally the case that the state marketing area of New South Wales includes the whole of the state and the ACT, less the Murwillumbah, Broken Hill-Wilcannia and Riverina districts, which are in the state marketing areas of Queensland, South Australia and Victoria, respectively; and that the state marketing area of South Australia also includes the Murrayville district of Victoria.

Natural gas Data on total production of natural gas are obtained from the Department of Primary Industries and Energy. Up to 1988-89, consumption is assumed to equal production. From 1989-90, consumption is taken to be production less exports. Data on end uses are obtained from the fuel and electricity survey and from gas utilities. Sales of natural gas in Albury are included in Victorian rather than New South Wales figures.

Electricity The electricity generation sector is taken to include not only the generation of electricity by public authorities and the fuel thus consumed, but also generation by privately owned establishments and industry, where data on the electricity generated and the fuel consumed are available. In some cases "

it is not possible to identify the quantity of fuel consumed - for example, where steam and electricity are co-produced, or where electricity is produced using waste heat. In these cases, the electricity generated and the fuel consumed are allocated to the industry involved.

Electricity data were not collected in the fuel and electricity survey for the years 1973-74 to 1975-76. Data for this period have been estimated on the basis of information from a number of sources, the most important being the ABS Census of Manufacturing Industry, activity levels of major consumers and, in the case of private electricity, fuels input to electricity generation.

Data on production of hydroelectricity and on public generation of thermal electricity were obtained from various issues of the Electricity Supply Association of Australia's publication Electricity in Australia.

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Solar energy

Due to data constraints, the measure of solar energy used in this report is currently limited to the contribution of domestic solar hot water heaters. The total contribution of solar energy is thus understated in a number of ways.

First, active solar collection systems are obviously used more widely than simply for domestic hot water; commercial hot water and building heating systems, swimming pool heating and solar power for communications are examples of other applications. This solar power is not included due to its small contribution to energy provision. It is estimated that 5-7 MW of solar power is installed across Australia, of which approximately 2 MW is for telecommunication. Other uses include water pumps and stand-alone power supply systems. On average this solar power generates 2000 kWh/kW a year, giving an annual production of approximately 10 GWh (0.036 PJ). Growth in production of electricity from photovoltaics and solar thermal technology is expected to be in the order of 50 MW by the end of the period.

Second, there are passive uses of solar energy, such as salt drying, outside laundry drying, passive building heating and crop growing. Apart from the fact that there are no reliable estimates of energy use in these applications, there are conceptual and practical difficulties with measuring passive solar energy use. Excluding passive applications such as solar salt drying and crop growing, and of photovoltaic applications where the substitution is for non- rechargeable batteries, does not affect the supply and demand position for other fuels due to the negligible likelihood of fuel substitution. This is not so in the case of building temperature modification, and only partly true of applications such as laundry drying, where there are substitution pos- sibilities between solar and other forms of energy. In these cases, trends in the use of solar power will affect the recorded consumption of other forms of energy.

Use of solar energy for domestic hot water has been estimated on the basis of the estimated number of appliances installed. This information was taken from the 1976 Population Census and the ABS 1980, 1983 and 1988 Household Appliance Surveys. Energy consumption is measured as the imputed quantity of electricity replaced by solar collectors, taking into account the amount of energy consumed in a typical household hot water system, including heat losses, and the proportion replaced by a solar collector.

Energy projections to 2009-10 55

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Uranium

Data on production and exports of uranium up to 197 1 were obtained from the Australian Atomic Energy Commission's publication The Australian Uranium Industry. From 1972 to 1981-82, the source of production data is the ABS publication Mineral Production Australia (cat. no. 8405.0). From 1982-83 to 1984-85, production data were sourced from company reports to the Australian Stock Exchange, and since then the source has been the ABS and ABARE. Data on uranium exports from 1971-72 to 1984-85 were obtained from the Australian Safeguards Office, and for later years from the ABS and ABARE.

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Appendix

Projection models

For those sectors of the economy not included in or not covered adequately by the fuel and electricity survey, economic models of varying degrees of complexity are used as the basis for projecting energy consumption. Details of these models and of the key assumptions made about the economic variables used in them are given in this appendix. It should be noted that in some instances the model results were modified for projection purposes. Details of these cases are given in the text.

Agriculture and construction Both these sectors are relatively minor contributors to total energy demand, and both are dominated by use of automotive diesel oil (ADO) and electricity. Specific models have not been developed for either sector. For the construction sector, energy consumption was projected on the basis of historical energy intensities. In agriculture, diesel use was projected to grow by around 2 per cent a year, largely as a result of substituting diesel for petrol powered plant. Although there will be continuing small growth in total crop areas, this will be offset by continuing adoption of minimum tillage techniques and improvements in the fuel efficiency of farm machinery.

Commercial and services The commercial sector comprises the following ASIC divisions: F (Wholesale and retail trade), H (Communication), I (Finance, property and business services), J (Public administration), K (Community services), L (Recreation and entertainment) and ASIC subdivision 37 (Water, sewerage and drainage). Responses to the fuel and electricity survey are used for projecting energy consumption in ASIC divisions H, J and K, and for ASIC 37.

Total energy consumption in divisions F, I and L was modelled as a function of real gross domestic product over the period 1974-75 to 1993-94. A lagged dependent variable was also included as an explanatory variable to reflect short run adjustment dynamics. The resulting equation was:

Energy projections to 2009-10 57

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logE, = -2.99 + 0.82RGDPt + 0.59 log E,, (-6.16) (6.36) (9.35)

R~ = 0.99; adjusted R2 = 0.99; Durbin H statistic = 1.25; t-ratios in parentheses (here and below)

where E, is energy consumption (PJ) in the three divisions in year t, and RGDP, is real gross domestic product, expressed in millions of 1989-90 dollars, in year t.

Residential Projections of residential energy demand to the year 2009-10 are based on a quarterly equation for total energy demand in the residential sector. The estimated equation for the period between June 1974 and June 1994 is:

R~ = 0.97; adjusted R2 = 0.96; Durbin-Watson statistic = 1.58

where P is the average unit cost of energy from electricity, gas and other fuels such as oil, wood; Tis time in quarters; and D l , D2, D3 are the seasonal dummies associated with the March, June and September quarters of each year, respectively. The subscript t indicates time, in quarters.

The average unit cost, P, of energy in the residential sector was measured as a Divisia price index, with energy cost shares in the residential sector being projected from an extended translog cost model that can incorporate the effects of technical change, structural change and the tariff pricing structure as well as the relative prices of fuels. The fuel share equations are estimated and documented in Ho Trieu (1992).

This equation was used to simulate quarterly projections of residential energy consumption over the period to 2009-10 based on the assumptions that the real prices of electricity, gas and other fuels remain constant. The results from this model were annualised and then adjusted to take account of the effect on residential energy demand of initiatives associated with the National Greenhouse Response Strategy.

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- -

Aviation turbine fuel

The demand for aviation turbine fuel (avtur) was split between international and domestic airline operators. This division is convenient because the factors affecting demand in each sector differ, together with the availability of data on these factors.

International demand Projections of fuel consumption by international operators (IAC) were simulated stochastically from a dynamic equation in which fuel consumption is specified as a function of the number of international passengers (IP). This estimated equation over the period 1970-7 1 to 1992- 93. is:

R~ = 0.97; adjusted R2 = 0,97; Durbin H statistic = 1.53.

For the projection, the current forecast growth rate of 8 per cent a year in international passenger numbers between 1991-92 and 2000-01 (Bureau of Tourism Research 1992) was assumed to hold for the remaining years of the projection period. The projection for the year 2000-01 was adjusted upward (by two-thirds of the estimated standard deviation of the stochastic forecasts) to account for the influence of the Olympic Games in September 2000.

Domestic demand A system of three equations was estimated simultaneously from the data for the period 1970-71 to 1992-93. In the first equation, the number of passenger-kilometres (PKM) is specified as a dynamic function of real gross domestic product (RGDP), real domestic air fares (RAF) and a dummy variable to pick up the effect of the pilots' dispute in 1989-90 (D). The second equation transformed the predicted passenger-kilometres from the first equation into seat-kilometres (SKM) using a systemwide load factor (U) which can vary over time. The final equation specified the avtur consumption of domestic airline operators (DAC) as a dynamic function of the number of seat-kilometres (SKM) generated from the second equation.

Energy projections to 2009-1 0 59

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The resulting equations were:

R2 = 0.99; adjusted R2 = 0.99; Durbin H statistic = -0.17

SKM, = PKM, I U,

R~ = 0.97; adjusted R2 = 0.97; Durbin H statistic = 1.60.

Projections of domestic airlines' avtur consumption were simulated stochastically from this system of equations with future growth rates of the explanatory variables being based on the following assumptions:

- real air fares will decrease by 1.3 per cent a year (Cosgrove, Gargett and Viney 1989);

- the systemwide load factor (U,) will remain constant at 0.706 throughout the projection period (Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics 1994); and

- the growth rate of real gross domestic product will be as shown in table 13.

The projection for the year 2000-01 was adjusted upward (by four fifths of the estimated standard deviation of the stochastic forecasts) to account for the influence of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games.

Road transport Forecasts of the demand for automotive gasoline, ADO, LPG and natural gas used by the road transport sector were based on a model documented by Donaldson, Gillan and Jones (1990). The model described in that paper focuses exclusively on the passenger car component of the total vehicle fleet, but similar techniques were used here for the other components, namely rigid and articulated trucks, light commercial vehicles and buses.

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Passenger fleet model The passenger vehicle fleet accounts for about 66 per cent of total fuel use in the road transport sector and around 98 per cent of automotive gasoline consumption. The model involves two components, the estimated vehicle stock and the average quantity of fuel consumed per vehicle a year.

Estimates of the size of the passenger vehicle fleet are based on a logistic function of the form:

where S is total registrations per adult, a is the saturation level (at which the rate of growth falls to zero), b and c are parameters respectively determining the position of the growth curve along the time axis and the rate at which the function approaches saturation, and t is time.

Thus, the fleet size component of the model is represented as a function of population growth and time. It is thus assumed that economic factors will not affect the growth in total stock, although they can be expected to determine whether people purchase new vehicles and scrap old vehicles, or retain the older vehicles longer.

An initial value of a was assumed on the basis of similar studies in comparable countries, and then maximised within the constraints of a good fit to the historical data. The vehicle stock component was estimated for the period 1950-5 1 to 1992-93. The estimated parameter values were:

Parameter a b c Value 0.69 -1.24 0.09

R2 = 0.996; adjusted R2 = 0.996; t-statistic = 101

In the second component, the average rate of fuel consumption per vehicle a year (AFC) was modelled directly as a function of income and fuel prices. For simplicity the price of automotive gasoline was used rather than a weighted average of all fuel types. The equation used was:

R2 = 0.96; adjusted R2 = 0.92; Durbin-Watson statistic = 1.24

Energy projections to 2009-10 61

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where P, is an index of real automotive gasoline prices in year t, GDP is an index of real gross domestic product in year t, Dl is a dummy variable to take account of the effect of the oil price shock in the final years of the 1970s and early 1980s, and D2 is a dummy variable for the period 1986-87 when demand contracted despite falling real prices. The equation was modelled over the period 1970-71 to 1992-93.

In the projection, AFC was multiplied by the car stock to form an estimate of aggregate fuel used by cars and station wagons. This aggregate fuel figure was then divided into petrol, ADO, LPG and natural gas on the basis of the actual and expected market penetration of these fuel groups. Automotive petrol demand was further split between leaded and unleaded fuels, based on the exclusive use of unleaded fuel in new petrol powered vehicles, which for passenger cars and station wagons commenced on 1 January 1986. The split was obtained by applying a cumulative distribution function to the petrol fleet based on the relative ages of vehicles and the 1986 deadline.

Commercial fleet model Fuel consumption for the commercial vehicle fleets (rigid and articulated trucks, light commercial vehicles, buses and motorbikes) was estimated on the basis of average fuel consumption per unit distance, and vehicle kilometres travelled a year. The key components of total fuel consumption for the major commercial vehicle types are shown in table 25.

The fuel consumption of each subfleet was divided among automotive gasoline, ADO, LPG and natural gas on the basis of their expected prices and availability and estimates of the future market penetration of natural gas. The increased use of natural gas will affect all fleets within the conlmercial sector, the greatest penetration expected in diesel buses and commercial vehicles (Holmes and Naughten 1993).

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-

25 Components of commercial vehicle fuel consumption

Year

Rigid trucks 1993-94 1999-2000

2004-05 2009-10

Articulated trucks 1993-94 1999-2000

2004-05 2009-10

Light commercials 1993-94 1999-2000

2004-05 2009- 10

Buses and other 1993-94 1999-2000

2004-05 2009- 10

Vehicle kilometres

million km

Average fuel consumption

Energy projections to 2009-10 63

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Appendix

Australian Standard Industrial Classification

In general, the industrial classification and sectoral definitions used in this publication correspond to the 1983 Australian Standard Industrial Classification (ASIC). Full details of the classification are given in ASIC: Australian Standard Industrial Classification (1983 edition), vol. 1 ; The Classification, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra.

ASIC has been slightly modified for the purposes of this publication to give the classification shown in table 26. The changes are:

the separation of electricity generation into two categories, public and private;

the addition of a 'residential' category (ASIC has no provision for the classification of private households consuming fuels, as it is designed to classify productive activities); and

the addition of a category for consumption of certain non-fuel products, namely solvents, lubricants and bitumen, rather than allocating them to ASIC categories.

ASIC does not separately list the classification of public lighting, but advice from the Australian Bureau of Statistics was that this activity should be included in the Public Administration and Defence sector.

In 1993 the Australian Bureau of Statistics and the New Zealand Department of Statistics released the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC), Australian catalogue no. 1292.0. Due to the difficulties involved in aligning results of the fuel and electricity survey which were based on the ASIC to the new ANZSIC system, all disaggrega- tions of energy consumption are based on the 1983 ASlC system.

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26 Industrial classifications used in the study

Sub- Division division Group Title

A Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting

01 Agriculture 02 Services to agriculture 03 Forestry and logging 04 Fishing and hunting

B Mining 11 Metallic minerals 12 Coal 13 Oil and gas 14 Construction materials 15 Other non-metallic minerals 16 Services to mining nec

Manufacturing Food, beverages and tobacco

Meat and meat products Milk and milk products Fruit and vegetable products Margarine and oils and fats nec Flour mill and cereal food products Bread, cakes and biscuits Other food products Beverages and malt Tobacco products

23 Textiles 24 Clothing and footwear 25 Wood, wood products and furniture 26 Paper, paper products,

printing and publishing 27 Chemical, petroleum and

coal products 27 5 Basic chemicals 276 Other chemical products 277 Petroleum refining 278 Petroleum and coal products nec

28 Non-metallic mineral products 285 Glass and glass products 286 Clay products and refractories 287 Cement and concrete products 288 Other non-metallic mineral

products

Energy projections to 2009-10

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Division

29

Sub- division Group Title

Basic metal products Basic iron and steel Basic non-ferrous metals Non-ferrous metal basic products

Fabricated metal products Transport equipment Other machinery and equipment Miscellaneous manufacturing

Electricity, gas and water Electricity and gas

Electricity public electricity private electricity

Gas Water, sewerage and drainage

Construction

Wholesale and retail trade

Transport and storage Road transport Railway transport Water transport Air transport Other transport Services to transport Storage

Communication

Finance, property and business services

Public administration and defence

Community services Health Education, museum and library services Welfare and religious institutions Other community services

Recreation, personal and other services

Non-classified economic units

Residential

Solvents, lubricants and bitumen

Source: Modified from Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Standard Indrrstrial Classification (1983 edition).

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Appendix

Indicative carbon dioxide content conversion factors

Carbon dioxide emissions from the combustion of fuels are calculated by converting activity data (gross energy consumption) by an 'emission' and 'oxidation' factor. Carbon dioxide emission factors from different fuel types have been calculated on the basis of specific characteristics of Australian energy sources (table 27).

The oxidation factor represents the proportion of carbon oxidised during combustion.

27 Carbon content and carbon dioxide emission factors

Carbon Energy content content Carbon coefficients a

Gg cont. carbon JGg

Washed steaming coal Brown coal Wood Bagasse Fuel oil Naphtha ADO IDF Power kerosene Lighting kerosene LPG Automotive gasoline Aviation gasoline Aviation turbine fuel Heating oil Other petroleum

Natural gas 0.76 Methane 0.75

Gg cont. carbon /PJ

a The percentage of fuel oxidised is 99 per cent except for natural gas which is 100 per cent. na Not available.

- - - - - - - -

Energy projections to 2009-10

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References

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 1994, Projections of the Populatiovzs ofAustralia States and Territories 1993 to 2041, cat. no. 3222.0, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Statistics 1991, Survey of Motor Vehicle Use, Australia, Preliminary, cat. no. 9202.0, Canberra, September.

Bureau of Resource Sciences 1994, Oil and Gas Resources of Australia 1993, Canberra.

Bureau of Tourism Research 1992, Australian Tourism Forecasts - International Visitor Arrivals 1992-2002, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.

Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics (BTCE) 1994, Transport Greenhouse Emissions 1992-93 to 2014-15, Report to the Department of the Environment, Sport and Territories, Canberra, September.

Bush, S., Leonard, M., Bowen, B., Jones, B., Donaldson, K. and Ho Trieu, L. 1995, Energy Demand and Supply Projections, Australia, 1992-93 to 2004-05, ABARE Research Report 93.2, Canberra.

Commonwealth of Australia 1994, Climate Change: Australia's National Report under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Canberra, September.

Cosgrove, D., Gargett, D. and Viney, P. 1989, Simple demand equations for the short-term forecasting of air passenger movements, BTCE paper presented at the Conference of Economists, Economic Society of Australia, Adelaide, 10-1 3 July.

Dickson, A., Noble, K., Peng, Z. Y., Dlugosz, J. and Stuart, R. 1994, Meeting greenhouse targets in Australia - implications for coal use, ABARE paper presented at Greenhouse 94 Conference, Wellington, New Zealand, October.

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Donaldson, P.K. 1995, World oil markets and the outlook for Australia, Proceedings of ABARE's National Agricultural and Resources Outlook Conference, Canberra, 7-9 February, Outlook 95, vol. 3, Minerals and Energy.

Donaldson, P.K., Gillan, P. and Jones, B.P. 1990, Road transport fuel demand in Australia: projecting vehicle fuel use, ABARE paper presented at the Conference of Economists, Economic Society of Australia, Sydney, 24-27 September.

Fisher, B.S. 1995, 'Commodity overview', Proceedings of ABARE's National Agricultural and Resources Outlook Conference, Canberra, 7-9 February, Outlook 95, vol. 1, Commodity Markets and Natural Resources.

Ho Trieu, L. 1992, Modelling the demand for energy in the residential sector in Australia, ABARE paper presented at the 21st Annual Conference of Economists, Economic Society of Australia, Melbourne, 8-10 July.

Holmes, L. and Naughten, B. 1993, Prospects for natural gas as a vehicle fuel, ABARE paper presented at the National Agricultural and Resources Outlook Conference, Canberra, 2-4 February.

International Energy Agency (IEA) 1994, World Energy Outlook, OECD, Paris.

IPCC/OECD (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeIOrganisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) 1994, ZPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Paris.

Kelly, R. and Kerin, J. 1990, Joint statement - Government sets targets for reductions in greenhouse gases, Press release, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 11 October.

Mander, S., Holmes, L. and Stuart, R. 1994, Outlook for the Asia Pacific LNG market, ABARE paper presented at the Papua New Guinea Energy Conference, Sydney, 4-5 December.

Millsteed, C., Jolly, L. and Stuart, R. 1993, Indonesian coal export potential, Agriculture and Resources Quarterly, vol. 5 , no. 4, pp. 552-67.

Energy projections to 2009-10 69

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The net amount of each fuel available for final use, shown in the 'Final domestic availability' row, is equal to 'Total domestic availability' less net losses resulting from conversion processes. For some fuels, such as coal, this supply available for final use is much less than total supply; most of the coal is either converted into other fuels, such as electricity, briquettes and coke, or is used as an energy source (with some loss) for the conversion process.

The final section shows the way in which the supply of energy available for final consumption is used by broad end use sectors.

The C1 table provides a detailed picture of energy flows in Australia. The data show fuels consumed, derived fuels produced and total consumption (the difference between the two), by industry and fuel type. Energy consumption in an individual industry is the energy content of its primary and derived fuel inputs (fuels consumed) minus the energy content of any fuels it produces, by conversion processes (derived fuels produced); that is, energy input minus energy output. Derived fuels produced may be either consumed by that industry or transferred to other industries. Table C2 shows the input of fuels, by equipment type. The measure of energy consumption in this table differs from the measures of it above in that it is equal to the total input of energy, and does not net off any derived energy outputs (such as electricity produced from black coal). The inputs in this table therefore cannot be totalled without double counting.

72 ABARE research report 95.1

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Donaldson, P.K. 1995, World oil markets and the outlook for Australia, Proceedings of ABARE's National Agricultural and Resources Outlook Conference, Canberra, 7-9 February, Outlook 95, vol. 3, Minerals and Energy.

Donaldson, P.K., Gillan, P. and Jones, B.P. 1990, Road transport fuel demand in Australia: projecting vehicle fuel use, ABARE paper presented at the Conference of Economists, Economic Society of Australia, Sydney, 24-27 September.

Fisher, B.S. 1995, 'Commodity overview', Proceedings of ABARE's National Agricultural and Resources Outlook Conference, Canberra, 7-9 February, Outlook 95, vol. 1, Commodity Markets and Natural Resources.

Ho Trieu, L. 1992, Modelling the demand for energy in the residential sector in Australia, ABARE paper presented at the 21st Annual Conference of Economists, Economic Society of Australia. Melbourne. 8-10 July.

Holmes, L. and Naughten, B. 1993, Prospects for natural gas as a vehicle fuel, ABARE paper presented at the National Agricultural and Resources Outlook Conference, Canberra, 2-4 February.

International Energy Agency (IEA) 1994, World Energy Outlook, OECD, Paris.

IPCCIOECD (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change/Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) 1994, IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Paris.

Kelly, R. and Kerin, J. 1990, Joint statement - Government sets targets for reductions in greenhouse gases, Press release, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 11 October.

Mander, S., Holmes, L. and Stuart, R. 1994, Outlook for the Asia Pacific LNG market, ABARE paper presented at the Papua New Guinea Energy Conference, Sydney, 4-5 December.

Millsteed, C., Jolly, L. and Stuart, R. 1993, Indonesian coal export potential, Agriculture and Resources Quarterly, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 552-67.

Energy projections to 2009-10 69

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National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Committee 1994, National Greenhouse Gas Inventory, 1988 and I990, Department of the Environment, Sport and Territories, Canberra.

Stevens, M. 1994, Renewable energy options in Australia and New Zealand for the next 25 years - the technologies and the feasibilities, paper presented at Greenhouse 94 Conference, Wellington, New Zealand, October.

Wilson, B., Ho Trieu, L. and Bowen, B. 1992, Energy efficiency in Australia, An ABARE report on measuring and monitor g energy end use efficiency in Australia for the ANZMEC Energy Management Conference, Canberra, November.

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Statistical tables

Data are presented in these tables in two ways: energy units (joules) and units of material quantity (most commonly litres or tonnes). The use of energy units enables comparisons to be made between the relative contributions of different fuels to meeting total energy consumption, or their share of total supply. Energy units must also be used to determine total energy production or consumption, as litres of oil and tonnes of coal cannot be added. Energy commodities are most commonly marketed and measured in terms of material quantities, rather than energy units, so data presented in material units are often more meaningful to those concerned with individual commodities.

Some forms of energy are used to produce other forms of energy which are then finally consumed. For this reason some entries are negative and in some tables it may not be obvious how totals are derived. This is particularly the case with the A, C and D tables.

The energy balances shown in tables A1 to A18 summarise the overall energy situation in Australia.

The first section of an energy balance presents the 'Total domestic availability' of energy for domestic use. This is equal to indigenous production of primary fuels, plus imports of primary and derived fuels, less exports, less net changes in stocks. This supply of energy, which is mainly in the form of primary fuels, is equal to total energy consumption.

The second section of the energy balance describes the energy flows involved in converting primary fuels to derived fuels. Inputs to the conversion process are shown as positive, and outputs (the derived fuel produced) as negative. For example, the row relating to petroleum refining shows input of crude oil feedstock, fuels such as natural gas and electricity used to provide energy for refinery processes, and an output of petroleum products. The total for this row shows the amount of non-oil fuels (natural gas and electricity) consumed in the conversion process. The quantity of petroleum products consumed as refinery fuel is shown separately in the 'Fuel use in conversion' row.

Energy projections to 2009-10 71

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The net amount of each fuel available for final use, shown in the 'Final domestic availability' row, is equal to 'Total domestic availability' less net losses resulting from conversion processes. For some fuels, such as coal, this supply available for final use is much less than total supply; most of the coal is either converted into other fuels, such as electricity, briquettes and coke, or is used as an energy source (with some loss) for the conversion process.

The final section shows the way in which the supply of energy available for final consumption is used by broad end use sectors.

The C1 table provides a detailed picture of energy flows in Australia. The data show fuels consumed, derived fuels produced and total consumption (the difference between the two), by industry and fuel type. Energy consumption in an individual industry is the energy content of its primary and derived fuel inputs (fuels consumed) minus the energy content of any fuels it produces, by conversion processes (derived fuels produced); that is, energy input minus energy output. Derived fuels produced may be either consumed by that industry or transferred to other industries. Table C2 shows the input of fuels, by equipment type. The measure of energy consumption in this table differs from the measures of it above in that it is equal to the total input of energy, and does not net off any derived energy outputs (such as electricity produced from black coal). The inputs in this table therefore cannot be totalled without double counting.

72 ABARE research report 95.1

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Statistical tables

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A I Energy supply and disposal, 1973-74 -. .-

Black Brown Coal by- Crude oil Petroleum Natural Town Hydro- Elec- coal coal Coke products Briquettes Wood Bagasse and ORF productsa gas gas electricity tricity Solar Uranium Total

PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ

Supply Indigenous 1 463.9 262.6 92.5 56.4 858.1 53.8 172.4 48.5 0.1 3 008.4 Imports 405.2 174.4 579.6 Exports 836.9 3.8 0.1 146.4 987.2 Stock changes

and discrepancies -35.9 1.1 0.1 39.1 -20.2 1.2 -1 4.6

Total domestic availability 662.9 262.6 -4.9 -0.2 92.5 56.4 1 224.2 102.0 172.4 47.3 0.1 2 61 5.2

Conversion Coke ovens 229.7 -144.0 -28.4 0.2 0.1 57.6 Briquetting 27.0 -26.0 0.7 1.7 Petroleum refining I 230.1 -1230.1 1.1 2.6 3.7 Gas manufacturing 1.8 4 . 6 18.2 -17.3 2.1 Elec. generation 347.1 229.5 4.3 1.5 50.0 35.9 47.3 -239.9 475.7 Other conversion b 130.0 -49.0 0.3 -7.0 7.0 -10.6 70.7 Fuel use in conversion 107.7 8.3 1 9 34.0 151.9

Final domestic availability c 84.3 6.1 9.7 77.4 21.2 91 .O 56.4 1.1 1 149.0 127.2 15.4 213.1 0.1 1 851.9

End use Agriculture 35.0 3.6 38.6 Mining 0.4 1 .I 28.2 13.3 14.6 57.6 Iron and steel 9.6 3.4 72.0 2.3 36.5 1.5 0.2 16.3 141.8 Chemical 4.9 0.8 5.3 4.2 62.7 13.5 7.1 98.5 Other industry 62.3 6.0 5.1 0.2 7.9 12.8 56.4 61.6 438.9 152.9 69.6 4.2 Construction 25.8 0.1 25.9 Road t ranspo~ 471 .I 471 .I Rail transport 0.3 25.0 2.5 27.8 Air transport 64.8 64.8 Water transport 121.4 0.1 121.5 Commercial 6.2 0.2 1.9 1.2 30.0 5.7 3.2 36.2 84.6 Residential 0.8 0.4 7.2 74.6 45.9 23.6 7.6 71.1 0.1 231.3 Lubricents, greases,

bitumen & solvents 49.6 49.6

Total final energy consumption 84.3 6.1 9.7 77.4 21.2 91.0 56.4 1 .I 1 149.0 127.2 15.4 213.1 0.1 1 851.9

a Includes naturally occurring LPG. b Includes return streams to refineries from the petrochemical industry, consumption of coke in blast furnaces, blast furnace gas manufacture, electricity produced through co-generation and brown coal tar produced in char manufacture. Because it is not possible to separate the fuels used to produce co-generated electricity they are included in the industry in which production Occurs. C After conversion sectof use and losses. Equals total final energy consumption. The end use sector totals may differ from the Band Ctables due to some conversion activities occurring in those sectors.

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A2 Energy supply and disposal, 1976-77 - - - - - - - - -

Black Brown Coal by- Crude oil Petroleum Natural Town Hydro- Elec- coal coal Coke products Briquettes Wood Bagasse and ORF products a gas gas electricity tricity Solar Uranium Total

PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ P J PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ

Supply Indigenous 1 841.8 304.0 81.9 68.2 910.1 67.0 256.1 49.2 0.3 230.7 3 809.5 Imports 391.5 162.2 553.7 Exports 1 038.4 5.1 1 .O 140.8 419.4 1 604.7 Stock changes

and discrepancies 53.7 0.4 -0.8 18.2 -30.2 -0.4 -188.7 -147.7

Total domestic availability 749.7 304.0 -5.5 -0.2 81.9 68.2 1 283.4 118.5 256.1 49.6 0.3 2 905.9

Conversion Coke ovens 217.3 -138.0 -25.3 1.1 0.1 55.2 Briquetting 24.0 -23.1 0.2 1.1 Petroleum refining 1 289.8 -1289.8 2.9 2.6 5.5 Gas manufacturing 1.6 -0.4 10.6 4.9 -15.2 1.5 Elec. generation 438.7 276.0 6.2 0.4 51.5 53.0 49.6 -286.3 589.1 Other conversion b 123.6 46 .7 0.3 -8.5 8.5 -12.9 64.3 Fuel use in conversion 115.4 13.0 2.1 43.8 174.3

Final domestic availability c 92.1 4.0 9.3 72.0 16.4 81.5 68.2 2.1 1 221.2 182.4 13.0 252.6 0.3 2 015.0

End use Agriculture 37.1 4.2 41.2 Mining 0.8 1.6 33.4 20.9 17.5 75.3 Iron and steel 8.7 3.7 66.5 1.7 27.3 15.2 125.3 2.0 0.2 Chemical 4.0 0.9 5.4 4.6 50.1 17.9 7.7 90.6 Other industry 71.5 3.9 4.4 0.2 6.4 13.1 68.2 0.5 152.3 94.9 3.1 69.3 487.5 Construction 35.7 0.1 35.8 Road transport 547.5 547.5 Rail transport 0.3 27.2 2.6 30.1 Air transport 74.4 0.2 74.6 Water transport 108.4 0.1 108.5 Commercial 5.8 1.9 1.0 26.9 10.2 3.0 44.7 93.5 Residential 1 .O 0.3 3.6 65.7 55.1 36.5 6.7 91.7 0.3 260.2 Lubricants, greases,

bitumen & solvents 46.1 46.1

Total final energy consumption 92.1 4.0 9.3 72.0 16.4 81.5 68.2 2.1 1 221.2 182.4 13.0 252.6 0.3 2 015.0

a Includes naturally occurring LPG. b Includes return streams to refineries from the petrochemical ~ndustry, consumption of coke in blast furnaces, blast furnace gas manufacture, electricity produced through co-generation and brown coal tar produced in char manufacture. Because it is not possible to separate the fuels used to produce co-generated electricity they are included in the industry in which production occurs. c After conversion sector use and losses. Equals total final energy consumption. The end use sector totals may differ from the B and C tables due to some conversion activities occurring in those sectors.

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-- - -.. .-

A3 Energy supply and disposal, 1979-80 ~ --

Black Brown Coal by- Crude oil Petroleum Natural Town Hydro- Elec- coal coal Coke products Briquettes Wood Bagasse and ORF products a gas gas electricity tricity Solar Uranium Total

PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ P J P J P J PJ PJ P J PJ PJ PJ PJ

supply Indigenous 1 964.9 321 .O 83.6 60.4 877.3 82.5 362.6 49.6 0.8 385.8 4 188.5 Imports 435.9 176.8 612.7 Exports 1 258.6 3.3 0.6 4.7 149.2 588.6 2 005.0 Stock changes

and discrepancies -140.1 -5.7 0.1 2 5 13.3 -2 3 -202.8 -335.0

Total domestic availability 846.5 321.0 2.4 -0.7 83.6 60.4 1 306.0 96.8 362.6 51.9 0.8 3 131.4

Conversion Coke ovens 211.8 -134.6 -28 3 2.0 0.1 51 .o Briquetting 29.1 -27.9 0.2 1.4 Petroleum refining 1 312.8 -1312.8 6.3 3.5 9.8 Gas manufacturing 0.6 -0.1 3.9 9.2 -13.1 0.5 Elec. generation 544.8 288.0 12.6 49.9 76.4 51.9 -334.3 689.3

Other conversion b 125.3 4 0 . 8 0.3 -8.4 8.4 -14.0 70.8 Fuel use in conversion 94.6 13.3 1.8 52.8 162.5

Final domestic availability c 89.3 3.9 11.8 69.1 14.3 83.6 60.4 1.6 1 250.8 257.5 11.2 291.7 0.8 2 145.9

End use Agriculture 42.1 5.0 47.1 Mining 1 .O 1.5 37.2 24.2 17.1 81 .O Iron and steel 8.9 5.3 60.9 1.7 18.5 9.3 0.1 16.8 121.6 Chemical 3.2 1 .O 7.9 4.7 50.9 35.6 8.7 112.1 Other industry 70.1 3.8 5.4 0.2 6.0 13.9 60.4 0.1 80.8 505.6 134.9 128.2 1.8 Construction 38.2 0.1 38.3 Road transport 61 1.6 61 1.6 Rail transport 0.2 28.2 2.7 31 .0 Air transport 81.1 0.2 0.3 81.6 Water transport 97.8 0.2 98.0 Commercial 5.0 1.9 0.9 22.7 14.8 2.9 55.7 104.0 Residential 0.8 0.1 1.7 67.1 35.8 45.1 6.3 104.3 0.8 261.9 Lubricants, greases,

bitumen & solvents 51.9 51.9

Total final energy consumption 89.3 3.8 11.8 69.1 14.3 83.6 60.4 1.6 1 250.8 257.5 11.2 291.7 0.8 2 145.9

- a Includes naturally Occurring LPG. b Includes return streams to ref~neries from the petrochemical industry, consumption of coke in blast furnaces, blast furnace gas manufacture, electricity produced through co-generation and brown coal tar produced in chai manufacture. Because it is not possible to separate the fuels used to produce co-generated electricity they are included in the industry in which production OCCUIS. C After conversion sector use and losses. Equals total final energy consumption. The end use sector totals may differ from the B and C tables due to some conversion activities occurring in those sectors.

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A4 Energy supply and disposal, 1982-83

Black Brown Coal by- coal coal Coke products Briquettes

PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ

- -

Petroleum Natural products a gas

PJ PJ

Town gas PJ

-11.5

1.7

9.8

1 .o

2.7 6.1

9.8

Hydro- electricity

PJ

46.5

-0.9

47.4

47.3

Elec- tricity Solar

PJ PJ

Crude oil Bagasse and ORF Wood

PJ

85.1

85.1

85.1

0.2

14.8

1 .o 69.1

85.1

Uranium Total

PJ PJ

Supply Indigenous 2 658.4 329.4 Imports Exports 1 608.4 0.1 Stock changes

and discrepancies 180.3 2.3

Total domestic availability 869.8 329.4 -2.4

Conversion Coke ovens 159.1 -99.3 -22.2 Briquetting 17.0 -16.6 Petroleum refining Gas manufacturing 0.2 Elec. generation 619.1 308.7 4.7 Other conversion b 88.3 -30.9 0.1 Fuel use in conversion

Final domestic availability c

End use Agriculture Mining Iron and steel Chemical Other industry Construction Road transport Rail transport Air transport Water transport Commercial Residential Lubricants, greases,

bitumen & solvents

Total final energy consumption

- - - - - - -

a Includes naturally occurring LPG. b lncludes return streams to refineries from the petrochemical industry, consumption of coke in blast furnaces, blast furnace gas manufacture, electricity produced through co-generation and brown coal tar produced in char manufacture. Because it is not possible to separate the fuels used to produce co-generated electricity they are included in the industry in which production occurs. c After conversion sector use and losses. Equals total final energy consumption. The end use sector totals may differ from the B and C tables due to some conversion activ~ties occurring in those sectors.

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A5 Energy supply and disposal, 1985-86

Coke

PJ

5.9

6.5

-12.4

-101.9

80.0

9.5

0.2 3.7 0.8 4.7

9.5

Coal by- products Briquettes

PJ PJ

Black coal

P J

Brown coal

P J

350.1

350.1

18.8

327.8

3.5

3.5

3.5

Crude oi l Petroleum Natural Town Hydro- Elec- and ORF products a gas gas electricity tricity Solar Uranium Total

PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ Wood Bagasse

PJ PJ

Supply Indigenous 3 596.7 Imports Exports 2 558.7 Stock changes

and discrepancies 57.1

Total domestic availability 980.9

Conversion Coke ovens 160.3 Briquetting Petroleum refining Gas manufacturing Elec. generation 709.0 Other conversion b Fuel use in conversion

Final domestic availability c

End use Agriculture Mining Iron and steel Chemical Other industry Construction Road transport Rail transport Air transport Water transport Commercial Residential Lubricants, greases,

bitumen & solvents

Total final energy consumption 111.7

~~-

a Includes naturally occurring LPG. b Includes return streams to refineries from the petrochemical industry, consumption of coke in blast furnaces, blast furnace gas manufacture, electricity produced through co-generation and brown coal tar produced in char manufacture. Because it is not possible to separate the fuels used to produce co-generated electricity they are included in the industry in which production occurs. C After conversion sector use and losses. Equals total final energy consump!ion. The end use sector totals may differ from the B and C tables due to some conversion activities occurring in those sectors.

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A 6 Energy supply and disposal, 1987-88 -

Black Brown Coal by- coal coal Coke products Briquettes

PJ PJ PJ P J PJ

Supply Indigenous 3 610.5 424.9 Imports Exports 2 910.4 22.1 Stock changes

and discrepancies -335.8 5.6

Total domestic availability 1 035.6 424.9 -27.7

Conversion Coke ovens 171.2 -110.2 -22.3 Briquetting 18.0 -1 8.0 Petroleum refining Gas manufacturing Elec. generation 753.3 403.3 0.5 3.8 Other conversion b 73.3 -28.6 0.1 Fuel use in conversion

Final domestic availability c 111.2 3.6 9.2 50.4 12.1

End use Agriculture Mining Iron and steel Chemical Other industry Construction Road transport Rail transport Air transport Water transport Commercial Residential Lubricants, greases,

bitumen & solvents

Total final energy consumption 111.2 3.6 9.2 50.4 12.1

Wood PJ

90.6

90.6

90.6

0.2

18.9

0.7 70.7

90.6

Bagasse P J

73.9

73.9

73.9

73.9

73.9

Crude oil Petroleum Natural Town Hydro- and ORF products a gas gas electricity

P J PJ PJ PJ PJ

Elec- tricity Solar Uranium Total

PJ PJ PJ PJ

a Includes naturally occurring LPG. b Includes return streams to refineries from the petrochemical industry, consumption of coke in blast furnaces, blast furnace gas manufacture, electricity produced through co-generation and brown coal tar produced in char manufacture. Because it is not possible to separate the fuels used to produce co-generated electricity they are included in the industry in which production occurs. c After conversion sector use and losses. Equals total final energy consumption. The end use sector totals may differ from the 8 and C tables due to some conversion activities occurring in those sectors.

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- p-p

A 7 Energy supply and disposal, 1989-90

Black Brown Coal by- Crude oil Petroleum Natural Town Hydro- Elec- Coal Coal Coke products Briquettes Wood Bagasse and ORF products a gas gas electricity tricity Solar Uranium Total

PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ P J PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ

Supply Indigenous 4 234.0 450.7 97.8 81.5 1 183.8 100.3 797.3 53.6 2.4 1 921.8 8 923.2 Imports 449.0 176.6 625.6 Exports 2 965.6 15.5 0.7 266.5 150.0 109.3 1 749.8 5 257.4 Stock changes

and discrepancies 136.3 -7.9 -0.9 -12.2 60.7 -1.4 172.0 346.6

Total domestic availability 1 132.1 450.7 -7.6 0.2 97.8 81.5 1 378.5 66.2 688.0 55.0 2.4 3 944.7

Conversion Coke ovens 177.9 -121.4 -27.6 0.8 0.1 29.8 Briquetting 15.8 -15.6 0.1 0.3 Petroleum refining I 386.3 -1386.3 10.4 3.5 13.9 Gas manufacturing 1.5 2.4 -3.6 0.3 Elec. generation 836.0 434.1 0.5 3.0 0.1 38.0 161.5 55.0 -538.3 990.0 Other conversion b 105.8 -25.0 0.1 -8.2 8.2 -19.3 61.6 Fuel use in conversion 84.5 21.2 0.3 75.2 181.2

Final domestic availability c 118.2 0.8 8.0 52.2 12.7 97.8 81.5 0.3 1 319.5 492.6 3.2 478.5 2.4 2 667.6

End use Agriculture 48.6 7.9 56.7 Mining 6.5 0.3 1.6 0.3 37.6 81.6 34.9 162.8 Iron and steel 8.2 2.6 42.7 0.1 1.0 26.5 18.0 99.1 Chemical 3.1 0.3 7.9 4.2 46.0 55.7 i2.3 129.5 Other industry 92.9 0.5 5.1 6.4 22.9 8 i .5 67.4 206.2 0.2 161.8 645.0 Construction 40.7 0.2 0.1 41 .o Road transport 811.3 81 1.4 Rail transport 25.0 5.7 30.7 Air transport 108.6 0.4 0.3 109.4 Water transport 3.5 52.3 0.5 56.3 Commercial 3.8 1.9 0.7 11.7 33.9 I .O 98.2 151.2 Residential 0.3 0.3 74.1 16.6 87.9 2.1 138.8 2.4 322.3 Lubricants, greases,

bitumen & solvents 52.7 52.7

Total final energy consumption 118.2 0.8 8.0 52.2 12.7 97.8 81.5 0.3 1 319.5 492.6 3.2 478.5 2.4 2 667.6

a Includes naturally occurring LPG. b Includes return streams to refineries from the petrochemical industry, consumption of coke in blast furnaces, blast furnace gas manufacture, electricity produced through CO-generation and brown coal tar produced in char manufacture. Because it is not poss~ble to separate the fuels used to produce co-generated electricity they are included in the industry in which production Occurs. c After Conversi~n sector use and losses. Equals total final energy consumption. The end use sector totals may differ from the B and C tables due to some conversion activities occurring in those sectors.

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A8 Energy supply and disposal, 1990-91

Black Brown Coal by- Crude oil Petroleum Natural Town Hydro- Elec- coal coal Coke products Briquettes Wood Bagasse and ORF products a gas gas electricity tricity Solar Uranium Total

PJ PJ PJ P J PJ PJ PJ P J PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ

Supply Indigenous 4396.0 484.1 imports 518.2 107.0 625.2 Exports 3 217.0 22.6 1 .O 326.4 154.1 185.0 2 879.7 6 785.8 Stock changes

and discrepancies 37.7 -21.3 0.5 -39.1 27.7 0.7 -816.9 -810.7

Total domestic availability 1 141.3 484.1 -1.3 -1.5 100.1 78.2 1 413.2 19.2 655.7 57.3 2.4 3 948.9

Conversion Coke ovens 174.5 -114.3 -25.2 0.9 0.1 36.0 Briquetting 16.0 -15.8 0.1 0.3 Petroleum refining 1 421.4 -1421.4 9.5 3.8 13.3 Gas manufacturing 1.3 1.6 -2.7 0.2 Elec. generation 848.7 467.6 0.5 1.9 0.1 38.9 121.5 57.3 -544.7 991.8 Other conversion b 105.5 -26.4 0.1 -8.6 8.6 -18.9 60.3 Fuel use in conversion 89.0 19.3 0.2 72.3 180.8

Final domestic availability c 118.1 0.5 7.6 51.1 12.3 100.1 78.2 0.3 1 301.9 503.8 2.4 487.8 2.4 2 666.5

End use Agriculture 49.0 8.3 57.4 Mining 6.0 0.2 1.8 0.3 38.6 85.6 35.4 167.9 Iron and steel 9.3 2.3 41.6 0.2 1.3 23.8 17.0 95.6 Chemical 3.1 0.1 7.8 4.1 47.7 57.7 12.7 133.2 Other industry 92.3 0.4 5.0 0.1 6.1 23.0 78.2 62.8 211.1 0.1 163.0 642.2 Construction 36.9 0.2 0.1 37.2 Road transport 796.3 0.3 796.6 Rail transport 24.8 5.7 30.5 Air transport 122.0 0.4 0.3 122.7 Water transport 3.7 44.8 0.5 49.1 Commercial 3.4 1.9 0.7 12.0 35.2 0.7 103.1 157.0 Residential 0.3 0.2 76.2 16.4 89.4 1.6 141.3 2.4 327.8 Lubricants, greases,

bitumen & solvents 49.3 49.3

Total final energy consumption 118.1 0.5 7.6 51.1 12.3 100.1 78.2 0.3 1 301.9 503.8 2.4 487.8 2.4 2 666.5

a Includes naturally occurring LPG. b Includes return streams to refineries from the petrochemical industry, consumption of coke in blast furnaces, blast furnace gas manufacture, electricity produced through Co-generation and brown coal tar produced in char manufacture. Because it is not possible to separate the fuels used to produce co-generated electricity they are included in the industry in which production occurs. c After conversion sector use and losses. Equals total final energy consumption. The end use sector totals may differ from the B and C tables due to some conversion activities occurring in those sectors.

Page 97: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),

A 9 Energy supply and disposal, 1991-92

Black Brown Coal by- Crude oil Petroleum Natural Town Hydro- Elec- Coal coal Coke products Briquettes Wood Bagasse and ORF products a gas gas electricity tricity Solar Uranium Total

PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ

Supply Indigenous 4 680.1 497.3 101.6 63.5 1 158.4 95.1 914.1 56.8 2.4 2 044.0 9 613.3 Imports 593.3 83.6 676.9 Exports 3 502.2 19.6 1.8 332.0 187.0 235.4 2 222.6 6 500.6 Stock changes

and discrepancies 9.7 4 . 8 1.8 -12.2 -12.9 0.9 -178.6 -192.1

Total domestic availability 1 168.2 497.3 -18.8 -3.6 101.6 63.5 1 431.9 4.6 678.7 55.9 2.4 3 981.8

Conversion Coke ovens 175.1 -1 14.8 -28.1 1.1 0.1 33.3 Briquetting 17.9 -1 5.9 0.2 2.2 Petroleum refining 1 440.0 -1440.0 9.5 4.1 13.6 Gas manufacturing 1.3 2.0 -2.7 0.6 Elec. generation 872.4 478.9 0.5 2.0 27.3 131.9 55.9 -553.3 1 015.6

Other conversion b 87.1 -22.1 -8.5 8.5 -20.5 44.5 Fuel use in conversion 87.1 19.8 0.2 76.6 183.7

Final domestic availability c 120.7 0.5 89.0 49.7 10.3 101.6 63.5 0.4 1 319.3 515.4 2.5 493.2 2.4 2 688.3

End use Agriculture 49.7 0.1 8.7 58.4 Mining 6.5 0.2 1.8 0.4 39.7 91.5 36.9 177.0 Iron and steel 10.7 3.1 40,5 0.2 1.3 21.7 18.1 95.6 Chemical 3.4 7.4 3.3 43.8 54.5 12.5 124.9 Other industry 93.2 0.5 5.5 5.0 22.3 63.5 60.1 215.6 0.: 164.3 630.1 Construction 38.9 0.2 0.1 39.3 Road transport 809.5 0.6 810.1 Rail transport 24.0 0.1 5.8 29.9 Air transport 130.6 0.4 0.3 131.4 Water transport 4.0 44.1 0.1 0.6 48.6 Commercial 2.7 1.8 0.7 12.4 37.4 0.7 104.5 160.2 Residential 0.1 0.2 78.4 16.9 93.3 1.7 141.5 2.4 334.5 Lubricants, greases,

bitumen & solvents 48.3 48.3

Total final energy consumption 120.7 0.5 8.9 49.7 10.3 101.6 63.5 0.4 1 319.3 515.4 2.5 493.2 2.4 2 688.3

a Includes naturally occurring LPG. b Includes return streams to refineries from the petrochem~cal industry, consumption of coke In blast furnaces, blast furnace gas manufacture, electricity produced through co-generation and brown coal tar produced in char manufacture. Because kt is not possible to separate the fuels used to produce co-generated electricity they are included in the industry in which production occurs. c After conversion Sector use and losses. Equals total final energy consumption. The end use sector totals may differ from the B and C tables due to some conversion activities occurring in those sectors.

Page 98: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),

A 10 Energy supply and disposal, 1992-93

Black coal

PJ

Brown coal

PJ

466.8

466.8

11.4

455.0

0.5

0.5

0.5

Coal by- products

PJ

-28.8

0.5

-22.6

50.9

1.9 40.5 8.5

50.9

Crude oil Bagasse and ORF

PJ PJ

78.0 1 136.0 751.6 373.6

27.8

78.0 1 486.2

Petroleum Natural Town productsa gas gas

P J PJ PJ

Hydro- Elec- electricity tricity

PJ PJ Wood

PJ

104.7

104.7

104.7

0.1

23.3

0.7 80.7

104.7

Solar Uranium

PJ PJ

2.4 1 270.9

1 075.8

195.1

2.4

Total

PJ

8 981 .O 860.4

5 584.0

178.4

4 079.2

31.9 0.2

13.2 0.7

1 019.9

41.2 189.3

2 783.6

60.3 192.3 95.7

128.6 657.5 41.6

828.8 29.4

140.1 45.6

164.5 347.1

52.1

2 783.6

Coke

PJ

16.2

0.9

-17.1

-1 10.7

85.5

8.1

0.2 2.7

5.2

8.1

Briquettes

PJ

1.3

-1 .o

-0.3

-1 1.4

1.4

9.7

3.0 4.9

1.7 0.2

9.7

Supply Indigenous 4 778.0 Imports Exports 3 660.6 Stock changes

and discrepancies 78.2

Total domestic availability 1 195.6

Conversion Coke ovens 170.4 Briquetting Petroleum refining Gas manufacturing Elec. generation 905.6 Other conversion b Fuel use in conversion

Final domestic availability c

End use Agriculture Mining Iron and steel Chemical Other industry Construction Road transport Rail transport Air transport Water transport Commercial Residential Lubricants, greases,

bitumen & solvents

Total final energy consumption

- - - - - - - - - -- - - ~ - - -

a Includes naturally occurring LPG. b Includes return streams to refineries from the petrochemical ind~lst~y, consumption of coke in blast furnaces, blast furnace gas manufacture, electricity produced through co-generation and brown coal tar produced in char manufacture. Because it is not possible to separate the fuels used to produce co-generated electricity they are included in the industry in which production occurs. c After conversion sector use and losses. Equals total final energy consumption. The end use sector totals may differ from the B and C tables due to some conversion activities occurn'ng in those sectors.

Page 99: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),

A I I Energy supply and disposal, 1993-94

Black coal

PJ

Supply Indigenous 4 786.6 Imports Exports 3 668.1 Stock changes

and discrepancies -78.9

Total domestic availability 1 197.4

Conversion Coke ovens 164.3 Briquetting Petroleum refining Gas manufacturing Elec. generation 913.9 Other conversion b Fuel use in conversion

Final domestic availability c 119.2

Brown coal

PJ

486.8

486.8

13.1

473.2

0.5

0.5

0.5

Coal by- products

PJ

-28.3

0.5 -23.2

51.1

2.0 42.0 7.1

51.1

Crude oi l Wood Bagasse and ORF

PJ PJ PJ

Petroleum Natural products a gas

PJ PJ

Town

gas PJ

-2.5

0.2

2.3

0.7 1.5

2.3

Hydro- Elec- electricity tricity

PJ PJ

Solar Uranium

PJ PJ

2 4 1 293.0

1 876.2

-583.2

2.4

Total

PJ

9 035.7 890.9

6 414.1

-661.6

4 174.2

28.9 0.5

13.6 0.3

1 045.8

43.0 188.2

2 853.5

62.3 196.1 96.3

130.1 679.0 42.8

349.9 29.5

145.3 47.7

169.1 349.3

56.0

2 853.5

Coke

PJ

14.3

-2.9

-1 1.4

-107.8

88.3

8.1

0.2 2.4

5.5

8.1

Briquettes

PJ

End use Agriculture Mining 6.0 Iron and steel 8.2 Chemical 3.1 Other industry 95.6 Construction Road transport Rail transport Air transport Water transport 3.8 Commercial 2.3 Residential 0.1 Lubricants, greases,

bitumen & solvents

Total final energy consumption 119.2

a Includes naturally occurring LPG. b Includes return streams to refineries from the petrochemicai ~ndustry, consumption of coke in blast furnaces, blast furnace gas manufacture, electricity produced through co-generation and brown coal tar produced in char manufacture. Because it is not possible to separate the fuels used to produce co-generated electricity they are included in the industry in which production occurs. C After conversion sector use and losses. Equals total final energy consumption. The end use sector totals may differ from the B and C tables due to some conversion activities occurring in those sectors.

Page 100: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),

A 12 Energy supply and disposal, 1994-95

Black coal

PJ

Supply Indigenous 4 953.6 Imports Exports 3 736.4 Stock changes

and discrepancies

Total domestic availability 1 21 7.2

Conversion Coke ovens 162.1 Briquetting Petroleum refining Gas manufacturing Elec. generation 929.5 Other conversion b Fuel use in conversion

Final domestic availability c 125.6

Brown coal

PJ

475.2

475.2

12.7

461.9

0.6

0.6

0.6

Coal by- products

PJ

-27.2

0.5 -21 .I

48.2

2.0 38.8 7.3 0.1

48.2

Crude oil Bagasse and ORF

PJ PJ

Petroleum Natural products a gas

PJ PJ

Town gas

PJ

-2.5

0.2

2.3

0.7 1.6

2.3

Hydro- Elec- electricity tricity

PJ PJ

Wood

PJ

107.3

107.3

107.3

25.1

0.5 81.7

107.3

Solar Uranium

PJ PJ

Total

PJ

9 582.0 797.7

6611.5 -51 7.0

4 285.3

25.6 0.3 14.9 0.4

1 071.4

57.0 191.4

2 924.4

63.5 206.6 96.8 136.2 677.9 44.3 879.9 29.5 152.2 47.1 174.2 359.1

57.1

2 924.4

Coke

PJ

1.3

-1.3

-1 10.2

100.7

8.2

0.2 2.4

5.6

8.2

Briquettes

PJ

1.5

-1.5

-12.6

1.6

9.5

3.4 4.1

1.8 0.2

9.5

End use Agriculture Mining 7.6 Iron and steel 12.4 Chemical 3.3 Other industry 95.9 Construction Road transport Rail transport Air transport Water transport 4.0 Commercial 2.3 Residential 0.1 Lubricants, greases,

bitumen 8 solvents

Total final energy consumption 125.6

a Includes naturally occurring LPG. b Includes return streams to refineries from the petrochemical industry, consumption of coke in blast furnaces, blast furnace gas manufacture. electricity produced through co-generation and brown coal tar produced in char manufacture. Because it is not possible to separate the fuels used to produce co-generated electricity they are included in the industry in which production occurs. c After conversion sector use and losses. Equals total final energy consumption. The end use sector totals may differ from the B and C tables due to some conversion activities occurring in those sectors.

Page 101: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),

A 13 Energy supply and disposal, 1997-98

Black Brown Coal by- Crude oil Petroleum Natural Town Hydro- Elec- coal coal Coke products Briquettes Wood Bagasse and ORF products a gas gas electricity tricity Solar Uranium Total

PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ

Supply Indigenous 5 659.9 516.6 107.1 94.3 1 341.9 139.2 1 341.6 60.3 2.7 2 444.0 11 707.6 Imports 704.8 112.4 81 7.2 Exports 4 363.5 3.3 1.7 483.1 201.6 407.0 2 444.0 7 904.2 Stock changes

and discrepancies

Total domestic availability 1 296.4 516.6 -3.3 -1.7 107.1 94.3 1 563.6 50.0 934.6 2.7 4 620.9

Conversion Coke ovens 148.6 -101.5 -25.0 0.7 0.1 22.9 Briquetting 12.2 -12.2 0.2 0.2 Petroleum refining 1 572.6 -1572.6 15.9 4.7 20.6 Gas manufacturing 1.3 1.0 -1.9 0.4 Elec. generation 1 01 1 .I 503.7 0.5 1.6 21.4 216.2 60.3 -649.9 1 164.9 Other conversion b 89.6 -16.9 -9.7 9.7 -27.3 45.4 Fuel use in conversion 93.9 21.6 0.1 84.7 200.3

Final domestic availability c 136.7 0.6 8.5 41.4 8.9 107.1 94.3 0.7 1 495.6 679.9 1.8 587.5 2.7 3 165.8

End use Agriculture 57.4 0.1 9.9 67.4 Mining 10.7 0.2 2.0 0.7 47.4 117.3 44.9 223.2 Iron and steel 11.1 2.4 33.0 1.4 49.8 20.1 117.8 Chemical 3.5 6.3 3.7 34.9 81.8 14.8 145.0 Other industry 105.0 0.6 5.9 0.1 4.2 26.1 94.3 61.3 263.6 198.9 760.0 Construction 47.6 0.3 0.1 48.0 Road transport 91 5.0 6.8 921.8 Rail transport 23.6 7.0 30.7 Air transport 174.8 0.4 0.3 175.6 Water transport 41.7 0.1 0.7 46.6 Commercial 0.8 0.5 14.1 47.9 0.4 124.8 190.8 Residential 0.2 80.6 15.9 111.9 1.3 165.9 2.7 378.5 Lubricants, greases,

bitumen & solvents 60.4 60.4

Total final energy consumption 136.7 0.6 8.5 41.4 8.9 107.1 94.3 0.7 1 495.6 679.9 1.8 587.5 2.7 3 165.8

a Includes naturally occurring LPG. b Includes return streams to refineries from the petrochemical industry, consumption of coke in blast furnaces, blast furnace gas manufacture, electricity produced through CO-generation and brown coal tar produced in char manufacture. Because it is not possible to separate the fuels used to produce co-generated electricity they are included in the industry in which production Occurs. C After Conversion sector use and losses. Equals total final energy consumption. The end use sector totals may differ from the B and C tables due to some conversion activities occurring in those sectors.

Page 102: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),

A 14 Energy supply and disposal, 1999-2000

Black coal

PJ

Supply Indigenous 6 155.5 Imports Exports 4 794.1 Stock changes

and discrepancies

Total domestic availability 1 361.4

Brown coal

PJ

537.1

537.1

12.4

524.1

0.6

0.6

0.6

Coal by- products

PJ

-25.2

0.5 -17.2

41.9

2.0 33.5 6.3 0.1

41.9

Crude oi l Wood Bagasse and ORF

PJ PJ PJ

Petroleum Natural products a gas

PJ PJ

Town

gas PJ

-1.5

0.1

1.4

0.3 1.1

1.4

Hydro- Elec- electricity tricity Solar Uranium Total

PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ Coke

PJ

3.1

-3.1

-1 02.0

90.2

8.7

0.2 2.4

6.1

8.7

Briquettes

PJ

1.8

-1.8

-12.3

1.4

9.1

3.8 4.3

Conversion Coke ovens 148.6 Briquetting Petroleum refining Gas manufacturing Elec. generation 1 071.0 Other conversion b Fuel use in conversion

Final domestic availability c 141.8

End use Agriculture Mining 10.7 Iron and steel 11.2 Chemical 3.4 Other industry 110.0 Construction Road transport Rail transport Air transport Water transport 4.1 Commercial 2.4 Residential 0.1 Lubricants, greases,

bitumen & solvents

Total final energy consumption 141.8

a Includes naturally occurring LPG. b Includes return streams to refineries from the petrochemical industry, consumption of coke in blast furnaces, blast furnace gas manufacture, electricity produced through co-generation and brown coal tar produced in char manufacture. Because it is not possible to separate the fuels used to produce co-generated electricity they are included in the industry in which production occurs. c After conversion sector use and losses. Equals total final energy consumption. The end use sector totals may differ from the B and C tables due to some conversion activities occurring in those sectors.

Page 103: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),

A 15 Energy supply and disposal, 2002-03

Black Brown Coal by- Crude oi l Petroleum Natural Town Hydro- Elec- Coal coal Coke products Briquettes Wood Bagasse and ORF productsa gas gas electricity tricity Solar Uranium Total

PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ

supply Indigenous 6 468.8 567.8 105.5 100.1 774.0 146.3 1 760.4 61 .O 3.4 3 384.0 13 371.3 Imports 1 151.0 107.6 1 258.6 Exports 5 055.7 3.0 1.9 263.2 202.7 678.4 3 384.0 9 588.9 Stock changes

and discrepancies

Total domestic availability 1 413.1 567.8 -3.1 -1.9 105.5 100.1 1 661.8 51.2 1 082.0 61 .O 3.4 5 041.1

Conversion Coke ovens 148.6 -102.0 -25.2 0.7 0.1 22.2 Briquetting 12.5 -12.5 0.2 0.2 Petroleum refining 1 671.2 -1 671.2 16.3 4.8 21.1 Gas manufacturing 1.5 0.7 -1.6 0.6 Elec. generation 1 120.4 554.6 0.5 1 .o 27.2 220.5 61.0 -711.4 1 273.8 Other conversion b 90.2 -17.2 -1 0.1 10.1 -31.8 41.2 Fuel use in conversion 94.2 24.8 0.1 92.6 211.7

Final domestic availability c 144.1 0.7 8.8 41.9 9.6 105.5 100.1 0.7 1 588.7 819.7 1.5 645.5 3.4 3 470.3

End use P.griculture 63.2 0.1 10.9 74.2 Mining 10.7 0.2 2.0 0.7 50.3 158.7 48.6 271.2 Iron and steel 11.2 2.5 33.5 22.0 137.6 1.5 66.9 Chemical 3.5 6.3 4.1 35.2 84.3 16.5 149.9 Other industry 112.1 0.7 6.1 0.1 4.5 27.5 100.1 47.6 298.9 212.6 810.2 Construction 52.1 0.3 0.1 52.5 Road transport 977.9 21.8 999.7 Rail transport 24.8 7.9 32.8 Air transport 199.0 0.5 0.3 199.8 Water transport 4.1 40.9 0.1 0.8 45.8 Commercial 2.4 0.8 0.5 15.6 56.3 0.4 143.8 219.7 Residential 0.1 0.2 77.5 15.7 132.1 1.1 182.1 3.4 412.1 Lubricants, greases,

bitumen & solvents 65.0 65.0

Total final energy consumption 144.1 0.7 8.8 41.9 9.6 105.5 100.1 0.7 1 588.7 819.7 1.5 545.5 3.4 3 470.3

"-

a Includes naturally occurring LPG. b Includes return streams to refineries from the petrochemical industry, consumption of coke in blast furnaces, blast furnace gas manufacture, electricity produced through co-generation and brown coal tar produced in char manufacture. Because it is not possible to separate the fuels used to produce co-generated electricity they are included in the industry in which production occurs. c After conversion sector use and losses. Equals total final energy consumption. The end use sector totals may differ from the 6 and C tables due to some conversion activities occurring in those sectors.

Page 104: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),

A 1 6 Energy supply and disposal, 2004-05

Black Brown Coal by- Crude oil Petroleum Natural Town Hydro- Elec- coal coal Coke products Briquettes Wood Bagasse and ORF products a gas gas electricity tricity Solar Uranium Total

PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ

Supply Indigenous 6 691.3 583.4 104.5 102.6 646.3 144.8 1 794.6 61.9 3.6 3 384.0 13 517.0 lmp0rts 1 279.0 111.0 1 390.0 Exports 5 228.7 3.0 1.9 219.7 198.5 678.4 3 384.0 9 71 4.2 Stock changes

and discrepancies

Total domestic availability 1 462.6 583.4 -3.0 -1.9 104.5 102.6 1 705.6 57.3 1 116.2 3.6 5 192.7

Conversion Coke ovens 154.3 -102.0 -25.2 0.7 0.1 27.9 Briquetting 12.7 -12.6 0.2 0.3 Petroleum refining 1 714.7 -1714.7 16.5 4.9 21.4 Gas manufacturing 1.6 0.8 -1.7 0.7 Elec. generation 1 160.4 570.0 0.5 0.8 29.7 226.6 61.9 -735.5 1 314.4 Other conversion b 90.2 -17.2 -9.9 9.9 -32.0 41 .O Fuel use in conversion 94.3 27.6 0.1 95.1 217.1

Final domestic availability c 147.9 0.7 8.8 41.9 0.8 1 635.8 844.7 1.6 667.3 3.6 3 570.1

End use Agriculture 65.6 0.1 11.3 77.0 Mining 9.8 0.2 2.0 0.8 51.4 158.2 49.9 272.3 Iron and steel 11.2 2.5 33.5 1.6 67.5 22.6 138.9 Chemical 3.5 6.3 36.1 85.1 17.3 152.6 Other industry 116.7 0.7 6.1 0.1 48.4 305.9 218.4 831.7 Construction 53.9 0.3 0.1 54.3 Road transport 1 001.7 26.1 1 027.8 Rail transport 25.2 8.4 33.6 Air transport 213.3 0.5 0.3 21 4.1 Water transport 4.1 40.6 0.1 0.8 45.5 Commercial 2.5 0.8 0.5 16.2 60.6 0.4 149.6 230.4 Residential 0.1 0.2 75.9 15.6 140.5 1.2 188.5 3.6 425.6 Lubricants, greases,

bitumen & solvents 66.3 66.3

Total final energy consumption 147.9 0.7 8.8 41.9 9.9 104.5 102.6 0.8 1 635.8 844.7 1.6 667.3 3.6 3 570.1

a Includes naturally occurring LPG, b Includes return streams to refineries from the petrochemical industry, consumption of coke in blast furnaces, blast furnace gas manufacture, electricity produced through co-generation and brown coal tar produced in char manufacture. Because it is not possible to separate the fuels used to produce co-generated electricity they are included in the industry in which production occurs. c After conversion sector use and losses. Equals total final energy consumption. The end use sector totals may differ from the B and C tables due to some conversion activities occurring in those sectors.

Page 105: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),

A 1 7 Energy supply and disposal, 2007-08

Black Brown Coal by- Crude oi l Petroleum Natural Town Hydro- Elec- coal coal Coke products Briquettes Wood Bagasse and ORF products a gas gas electricity tricity Solar Uranium Total

PJ PJ PJ P J PJ PJ PJ P J PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ P J

Supply Indigenous 6 989.4 555.1 101.7 106.8 646.3 136.3 2 171.0 61.8 4.3 3 572.0 14 344.7 Imports 1 328.1 116.6 1 444.7 Expotis 5 490.4 3.0 2.0 219.7 186.5 946.6 3 572.0 10 420.2 Stock changes

and discrepancies

Total domestic availability 1 499.0 555.1 -3.0 2 101.7 106.8 1 754.7 66.4 1 224.4 61 .8 4.3 5 369.2

Conversion Coke ovens 154.3 -102.0 -25.2 0.7 0.1 27.9 Briquetting 13.3 -13.2 0.2 0.3 Petroleum refining 1 764.0 -1764.0 16.7 5.0 21.7 Gas manufacturing 1.7 0.8 -1.7 0.8 Elec. generation 1 194.8 541.0 0.5 0.7 30.4 263.9 61.8 -770.4 1 322.7 Other conversion b 90.2 -17.2 -10.1 10.1 -33.1 39.9 Fuel use in conversion 94.4 27.9 0.1 98.9 221.3

Final domestic availability c 149.9 0.8 8.8 41.9 10.5 101.7 106.8 0.8 1693.1 915.2 1.6 699.4 4.3 3 734.8

End use Agriculture 69.5 11.8 81.3 Mining 9.6 0.2 2.0 0.8 53.4 191.4 53.2 310.6 Iron and steel 11.2 2.5 33.5 1.6 68.7 23.7 141.0 Chemical 3.4 6.6 4.6 37.9 86.6 18.8 157.9 Other industry 119.0 0.8 6.1 0.1 4.8 28.3 106.8 48.9 315.6 226.5 856.9 Construction 56.3 0.3 0.1 56.7 Road transport 1 024.5 30.7 1 055.2 Rail transport 25.7 9.0 34.7 Air transport 234.6 0.5 0.4 235.5 Water transport 4.1 40.2 0.1 0.9 45.2 Commercial 2.5 0.8 0.4 16.8 68.2 0.4 156.7 245.8 Residential 0.1 0.3 73.0 15.5 153.3 1.2 198.3 4.3 446.0 Lubricants, greases,

bitumen & solvents 68.3 68.3

Total final energy consumption 149.9 0.8 8.8 41.9 10.5 101.7 106.8 0.8 1 693.1 915.2 1.6 699.4 4.3 3 734.8

a Includes naturally occurring LPG. b Includes return streams to refineries from the petrochemical industry, consumption of coke in blast furnaces, blast furnace gas manufacture, electricity produced through co-generation and brown coal tar produced in char manufacture. Because it is not possible to separate the fuels used to produce co-generated electricity they are included in the industry in which production occurs. C After converSi0n Sector use and losses. Equals total final energy consumption. The end use sector totals may differ from the B and C tables due to some conversion activities occurring in those sectors.

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A 18 Energy supply and disposal, 2009-10

Black Brown Coal by- Crude oil Petroleum Natural Town Hydro- Elec- coal coal Coke products Briquettes Wood Bagasse and ORF products a gas gas electricity tricity Solar Uranium Total

PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ

Supply Indigenous 7 191.5 574.7 100.3 109.3 646.3 130.9 2 218.2 62.7 4.5 3 760.0 14 798.4 Imports 1 360.5 120.5 1 481 .O Exports 5 663.2 3.0 2.2 219.7 178.5 946.6 3 760.0 10 773.2 Stock changes

and discrepancies

Total domestic availability 1 528.3 574.7 -3.0 -2.2 100.3 109.3 1 787.1 72.9 1 271.6 4.5 5 506.3

Conversion Coke ovens 154.3 -102.0 -25.2 0.7 0.1 27.9 Briquetting 13.8 -1 3.7 0.2 0.3 Petroleum refining 1 796.4 -1796.4 16.8 5.1 21.9 Gas manufacturing 1.7 0.8 -1.8 0.7 Elec. generation 1 222.2 560.1 0.5 0.7 31.3 285.9 62.7 -797.1 1 366.3 Other conversion b 90.2 -17.2 -10.1 10.1 -33.4 39.6 Fuel use in conversion 94.5 28.5 0.1 102.9 226.0

Final domestic availability c 151.8 0.8 8.9 41.9 0.8 1 731.0 939.5 1.7 722.4 4.5 3 823.7

End use Agriculture 72.2 12.3 84.5 Mining 9.6 0.2 2.0 0.8 54.9 187.7 55.8 31 1 .O Iron and steel 11.2 2.5 33.5 1.7 69.5 24.6 143.0 Chemical 3.5 6.3 37.9 88.4 19.7 160.6 Other industry 120.6 0.8 6.2 0.1 49.6 323.0 232.5 875.9 Construction 57.9 0.3 0.1 58.3 Road transport 1 041.0 34.2 1 075.2 Rail transport 26.1 9.5 35.7 Air transport 247.2 0.5 0.4 248.0 Water transport 4.1 39.9 0.1 0.9 45.0 Commercial 2.6 0.8 0.4 17.5 73.9 0.4 161.5 257.1 Residential 0.1 0.3 71.0 15.4 162.0 1.3 205.1 4.5 459.7 Lubricants, greases,

bitumen & solvents 69.7 69.7

Total final energy consumption 151.8 0.8 8.9 41.9 10.8 100.3 109.3 0.8 1 731.0 939.5 1.7 722.4 4.5 3 823.7

a Includes naturally occurring LPG. b Includes return streams to refineries from the petrochemical industry, consumption of coke in blast furnaces, blast furnace gas manufacture, electricity produced through co-generation and brown coal tar produced in char manufacture. Because it is not possible to separate the fuels used to produce co-generated electricity they are included in the industry in which production occurs. c After conversion sector use and losses. Equals total final energy consumption. The end use sector totals may differ from the B and C tables due to some conversion activities occurring in those sectors.

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-- - - - - --

B I Energy consumption in Australia, by industry

Electricity Agriculture Mining Manufacturing generation Construction Transport Commercial a Residential Other b Total

PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ

1973-74 38.6 59.4 918.0 509.6 25.9 685.4 84.5 231.3 62.5 2 615.2 1974-75 39.3 65.9 927.6 539.2 29.0 701 .O 87.4 246.3 59.2 2 694.8 1975-76 40.0 68.7 925.9 558.5 28.9 715.0 89.5 246.4 58.0 2 730.8 1976-77 41.2 75.2 943.7 632.7 35.8 761.9 93.5 260.2 61.7 2 905.9 1977-78 43.3 74.2 953.5 661.2 35.3 798.7 95.7 261 .O 62.2 2 985.1 1978-79 44.9 77.8 955.7 690.1 37.7 812.9 99.9 270.5 63.5 3 053.0 1979-80 47.1 82.2 965.5 742.0 38.3 824.6 104.0 261.9 65.8 3 131.4

1980-81 48.8 72.4 946.4 776.3 37.6 835.2 106.8 262.8 60.0 3 146.3 1981-82 53.5 72.2 939.8 843.7 39.0 844.1 109.7 272.8 62.9 3 237.7 1982-83 49.7 75.8 852.9 828.5 34.9 837.4 110.2 273.2 60.4 3 122.9 1983-84 55.6 83.8 887.6 845.5 33.3 864.1 100.9 276.0 73.8 3 220.5 1984-85 54.5 97.9 934.0 899.5 31.2 892.0 115.2 282.1 63.5 3 369.9 1985-86 53.8 98.8 940.1 894.9 34.7 906.3 121.6 288.4 64.0 3 402.6 1986-87 56.2 106.0 966.4 938.2 34.9 922.1 127.9 298.3 64.4 3 514.4 1987-88 55.1 117.9 988.8 961.2 39.4 966.0 134.7 296.2 63.8 3 623.1 1988-89 58.1 130.5 1 041.6 1 046.1 41.5 1 004.9 142.3 301.9 65.9 3 832.9 1989-90 56.5 161.8 1 066.1 1 064.3 41 .O 1 012.4 151.2 322.3 69.1 3 944.7

1990-91 57.2 166.7 1 072.4 1 063.5 37.2 1 002.9 157.0 327.8 64.2 3 948.9 1991 -92 58.4 177.4 1 033.1 1 091.6 39.3 1 024.6 160.2 334.6 62.6 3 981.8 1992-93 60.3 190.5 1 065.2 1 095.1 41.7 1 049.2 164.5 347.1 65.6 4 079.2 1993-94 62.2 195.0 1 086.3 1 121.3 42.9 1 078.9 171.2 349.3 67.1 4 174.2 1994-95 63.5 205.0 ! 105.7 1 147.6 44.2 1 116.3 176.1 359.1 67.8 4 285.3 1995-96 64.7 215.1 1 142.9 1 177.2 45.5 1 135.4 181.4 365.4 68.7 4 396.4 1996-97 66.0 220.0 1 169.4 1 206.7 46.8 1 150.8 186.7 371.9 69.9 4 488.2 1997-98 67.3 221.6 1 210.7 1 248.4 48.0 1 182.9 192.4 378.5 71.1 4 620.9 1998-99 68.6 223.5 1 236.4 1 270.5 48.9 1 205.3 198.0 385.2 72.3 4 708.7 1999-00 69.9 244.9 1 255.4 1 300.2 49.9 1 225.3 203.9 391.9 73.4 4 814.7

2000-01 71.3 245.4 1 262.4 1 323.8 50.7 1 254.5 209.8 398.6 74.5 4 890.8 2001 -02 72.7 246.6 1 271.9 1 343.9 51.6 1 264.7 215.8 405.4 75.7 4 948.2 2002-03 74.1 268.6 1 282.2 1 365.2 52.5 1 288.5 221.4 412.1 76.5 5 041 .O 2003-04 75.5 268.6 1 297.2 1 389.2 53.4 1 309.4 226.2 418.9 77.5 5 115.7 2004-05 77.0 269.8 1 313.5 1 408.2 54.3 1 334.0 232.2 425.6 78.2 5 192.7 2005-06 78.2 289.7 1 322.0 1 418.8 55.0 1 350.2 237.1 432.3 79.3 5 262.5 2006-07 79.7 309.6 1 333.0 1 400.5 55.9 1 365.3 242.3 439.1 79.9 5 305.2 2007-08 81.3 307.8 I 345.5 I 420.2 56.7 1 383.4 247.7 446.0 80.7 5 369.2 2008-09 82.8 307.2 1 356.2 1 441.9 57.5 1 400.6 253.4 452.9 81.5 5 433.9 2009-1 0 84.5 308.4 1 369.4 1 467.9 58.3 1 416.9 259.1 459.7 82.2 5 506.3

a Includes ASIC Divisions F, H, I, J, K. L and the water, sewerage and drainage industries. b Includes consumption of lubricants and greases, bitumen and solvents, as well as energy consumption in the gas production and distribution industries.

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B2 Energy consumption in New South Wales, by industry a

Agriculture

PJ

9.8 9.3 9.3 9.5

10.2 10.2 11.1

10.4 12.5 8.3

10.8 10.2 10.4 10.0 9.2

10.3 10.2 10.7 11.3 11.7 11.8 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.0

13.2 13.4 13.7 13.9 14.1 14.4 14.6 14.9 15.1 15.4

Mining

PJ

5.5 6.1 6.1 6.6 6.6 6.9 7.5

8.1 8.6 8.9 8.5 8.6 9.7

10.3 9.8

11.3 13.0

13.1 13.4 13.5 13.7 14.1 14.6 15.1 15.4 15.9 15.8

15.8 16.2 16.5 16.9 17.3 17.7 18.1 18.5 19.0 19.5

Manufacturing PJ

401.2 403.9 379.4 364.8 365.8 359.3 363.2

351.2 361.4 299.0 31 1.4 324.2 326.6 338.2 325.0 344.2 363.0

362.3 340.6 345.9 347.5 362.9 370.4 373.1 355.4 355.2 361.7

362.0 364.5 366.7 370.3 377.8 379.2 381.8 385.5 387.4 390.4

Electricity generation

PJ 159.5 166.0 158.3 198.5 213.4 222.5 250.5

259.3 259.9 266.6 275.6 288.8 300.2 31 1.5 314.2 327.5 333.5

325.3 328.2 338.2 345.2 358.7 369.3 375.7 381.7 393.8 401.8

409.4 417.3 421 .O 427.7 433.9 440.3 421.2 428.3 433.0 440.8

Construction PJ

6.2 7.3 6.7 8.1 8.0 7.8 7.4

6.6 4.9 3.5 3.4 5.0 7.8 6.7 7.3 7.2 7.3

7.1 7.3 7.8 8.0 8.2 8.5 8.7 8.9 9.0 9.1

9.3 9.4 9.5 9.7 9.8 9.9

10.0 10.1 10.3 10.4

Transport PJ

239.7 246.8 248.8 259.8 275.8 276.0 283.9

289.9 292.8 281.6 297.3 302.0 305.0 306.1 321.6 333.9 332.3

334.9 343.4 351.7 358.6 369.6 374.8 379.1 388.1 396.0 402.5

414.5 415.3 421.9 428.6 436.7 442.3 447.1 453.4 459.0 464.7

Commercial b

PJ 31.6 31.9 32.3 33.7 34.5 36.5 37.4

38.0 38.1 36.8 37.4 38.4 41 .O 42.8 44.9 47.3 50.2

52.4 52.7 53.6 55.7 57.0 58.6 60.1 61.9 63.6 65.5

67.4 69.3 71 .O 72.7 74.3 75.7 77.4 79.0 80.7 82.4

Residential PJ

70.1 74.9 76.1 79.5 78.8 82.0 78.5

78.6 81 .O 80.6 81.9 84.1 88.2 90.4 91.6 91.9 97.9

100.9 102.7 106.8 107.9 112.0 114.0 115.9 117.9 119.7 121.6

123.4 125.2 127.1 128.9 130.6 132.4 134.2 135.9 137.7 139.5

Other c

PJ

19.4 18.5 17.0 19.8 18.1 18.3 19.6

18.3 18.6 17.2 19.3 18.9 19.8 21.1 19.7 20.8 23.1 22.5 21.7 21.8 21.7 21.6 21.5 21.6 22.0 22.3 22.6

22.8 23.2 23.3 23.5 23.7 23.9 24.1 24.3 24.5 24.7

Total PJ

943.0 964.7 934.0 980.1

1 01 1.2 1 019.3 1 059.0

1 060.5 1 077.8 1 002.5 1 045.6 1 080.3 1 108.7 1 137.1 1 143.4 1 194.4 1 230.5

1 229.2 1 221.3 1 251 .O 1 270.2 1 316.0 1 343.7 1 361.7 1 363.7 1 388.2 1 413.6

1 437.9 1 453.8 1 470.6 1 492.1 1 518.1 1 535.8 1 528.5 1 550.0 1 566.8 1 587.8

- --

a Includes ACT. b Includes ASIC Divisions F, H, I, J, K, L and the water, sewerage and drainage industries. c Includes consumption of lubricants and greases, bitumen and solvents, as well as energy consumption in the gas production and distribution industries.

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-- - - - - - - -- -- --

B3 Energy consumption in Victoria, by industry

Electricity

1 Agriculture Mining Manufacturing generation Construction Transport Commercial a Residential Other b Total

I PJ PJ PJ PJ P J PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ

1973-74 8.5 14.9 170.6 193.4 6.0 181 .O 26.5 89.6 20.4 710.9 1974-75 8.8 19.1 167.2 200.1 7.1 184.0 28.0 97.1 19.6 731 .O 1975-76 8.7 21.2 166.2 215.8 9.2 189.1 28.6 95.0 19.0 752.8 1976-77 8.9 22.5 173.5 235.6 12.8 198.1 29.1 102.1 19.9 802.3 1977-78 9.0 21.2 183.3 234.6 12.2 210.4 28.7 102.5 21.4 823.3 1978-79 9.7 22.2 186.9 253.9 12.7 214.5 30.4 105.6 21.6 857.5 1979-80 9.7 22.7 190.9 267.8 9.0 213.1 31.1 101.9 23.3 869.4

1980-81 10.3 20.4 194.2 281.4 6.5 213.5 31.3 102.6 20.7 880.8 1981-82 10.1 19.9 189.8 332.5 6.7 217.7 32.9 108.4 21.4 939.4 1982-83 10.0 23.8 180.5 295.1 8.0 214.2 33.7 109.2 22.0 896.5 1983-84 11.0 27.4 186.0 288.8 7.9 218.3 34.8 109.9 20.7 904.9 1984-85 10.8 25.1 190.5 309.9 7.6 225.4 36.0 110.2 20.7 936.2 1985-86 10.5 21.9 195.9 294.6 7.1 228.0 37.5 110.8 20.1 926.4 1986-87 10.2 22.3 203.2 325.4 8.5 235.9 39.6 115.7 18.7 979.5 1987-88 9.9 25.4 218.2 333.4 9.4 246.4 41.1 111.5 19.2 1 014.5 1988-89 10.8 24.5 228.5 385.7 9.9 255.3 42.7 113.8 19.1 1 090.3 1989-90 10.4 26.4 226.0 377.5 9.8 260.2 45.8 124.2 19.5 1 099.8

1990-91 10.5 24.8 223.6 387.6 7.9 248.2 47.0 124.3 16.7 1 090.6 1991-92 10.3 28.5 213.3 402.8 8.0 252.5 48.1 127.5 16.6 1 107.6 1992-93 10.5 26.5 221.1 382.9 8.7 254.1 49.8 131.3 17.6 1 102.5 1993-94 10.7 22.3 218.7 389.9 8.9 254.0 50.8 130.4 19.4 1 105.1 1994-95 10.9 23.2 226.1 387.9 9.1 261.3 52.1 132.8 19.8 1 123.0 1995-96 11.0 23.4 231.8 400.5 9.3 264.5 53.7 135.3 20.1 1 149.5 1996-97 11.2 23.9 236.3 409.9 9.5 266.9 55.5 138.0 20.4 1 171.5 1997-98 11.4 24.0 240.4 417.5 9.7 272.3 57.1 140.8 20.8 1 194.0 1998-99 11.5 23.7 242.1 422.2 9.9 277.2 58.7 143.7 21.0 1 210.1 1999-00 11.7 23.5 243.9 432.6 10.0 280.7 60.3 146.7 21.4 1 230.8

2000-01 11.9 23.3 246.0 440.4 10.1 284.8 61.8 149.6 21.7 1 249.4 2001 -02 12.0 23.0 248.2 445.5 10.2 287.9 63.5 152.6 22.0 1 264.9 2002-03 12.2 22.8 250.5 455.6 10.3 293.7 65.1 155.5 22.2 1 287.9 2003-04 12.4 22.4 252.8 462.6 10.5 295.6 65.8 158.5 22.5 1 303.1 2004-05 12.6 22.1 255.2 466.4 10.6 299.7 68.3 161.5 22.8 1 319.1 2005-06 12.5 21.9 256.5 461 .O 10.7 302.0 69.7 164.5 23.3 1 322.1 2006-07 12.7 21.8 258.8 454.4 10.8 304.2 71.4 167.6 23.3 1 324.9 2007-08 12.9 21.6 261.3 458.0 10.9 306.6 73.2 170.6 23.5 1 338.6 2008-09 13.1 21.8 263.9 464.8 11.0 309.1 75.1 173.6 23.8 1 356.2 2009-1 0 13.3 22.1 267.5 472.4 11.1 31 1.2 76.8 176.7 24.0 1 375.1

-

a Includes ASIC Divisions F, H, I, J, K , L and the water, sewerage and drainage industries. b Includes consumption of lubricants and greases, bitumen and solvents, ss well as energy consumption in the gas production and distribution industries.

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B4 Energy consumption in Queensland, by industry

Agriculture PJ

10.3 11.3 11.5 12.0 12.2 12.5 12.7

13.6 15.9 16.2 17.2 17.4 17.4 17.9 17.8 18.1 17.6

18.1 18.5 19.3 20.2 20.7 21.3 21.8 22.4 22.9 23.5

24.1 24.7 25.3 25.9 26.5 27.2 27.8 28.5 29.1 29.8

Mining PJ

8.9 9.6

10.0 10.8 10.4 10.7 10.7

11.3 11.9 12.1 12.6 14.0 15.1 16.9 18.5 19.8 20.9

21.7 23.4 25.7 26.9 27.7 28.2 28.6 29.2 30.2 30.4

30.9 31.4 31.6 32.0 32.6 33.0 33.6 34.2 34.9 35.6

Manufacturing PJ

147.7 156.0 165.3 179.5 179.9 171.8 175.5 182.1 186.2 179.0 185.3 192.1 191.0 196.7 202.3 213.4 213.6

Electricity generation

PJ

64.0 70.5 72.0 77.4 90.8 91 .O 96.1

104.1 115.7 131.3 145.2 158.4 155.6 156.2 157.7 164.3 170.3 174.6 185.2 197.9 199.0 204.5 208.1 218.5 241.3 244.5 251.8

256.1 259.7 264.0 268.9 273.5 279.1 285.0 290.6 296.4 302.3

Construction PJ

6.7 6.9 6.1 7.4 8.5 9.3

10.9

12.2 15.5 11.2 10.9 9.0

10.0 10.2 13.0 13.3 13.6

12.7 13.6 14.1 14.7 15.2 15.8 16.3 16.8 17.3 17.7

18.1 18.5 18.9 19.3 19.7 20.1 20.5 20.9 21.2 21.6

Transport PJ

94.1 97.8

103.5 111.8 114.6 122.0 126.6

130.9 141 .O 141.9 148.6 155.7 160.5 164.8 172.8 185.5 188.7

191.7 197.3 206.2 217.7 228.0 233.7 238.5 249.9 253.0 258.8

266.8 269.7 275.6 281.5 288.5 293.6 298.6 304.5 309.9 315.2

Commercial a

PJ

8.8 9.3 9.4 9.9

10.5 10.7 12.0

13.7 14.7 14.3 14.2 14.9 16.4 17.9 19.2 21.1 22.2

23.3 24.3 25.2 27.1 28.3 29.2 29.9 30.9 31.9 32.9

34.0 35.1 36.1 37.1 37.9 38.8 39.5 40.2 41.0 41.9

Residential Other b

PJ PJ

Total PJ

371.3 392.6 410.0 441.8 461.2 463.1 480.1

502.9 537.2 541.6 570.9 599.4 604.8 620.0 642.4 678.2 691.7

701.9 714.8 758.3 788.7 814.5 828.4 851.5 901 .O 913.3 938.4

955.7 967.4 983.2 999.8

1 017.4 1 033.3 1 050.0 1 067.6 1 084.7 1 102.3

a Includes ASIC Divisions F, H, I, J, K, L and the water, sewerage and drainage industries. b Includes consumption of lubricants and greases, bitumen and solvents, as well as energy consumption in the gas production and distribution industries.

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55 Energy consumption in Western Australia, by industry

Electricity Agriculture Mining Manufacturing generation

PJ PJ PJ PJ

1973-74 4.7 21.5 83.6 39.2 1974-75 4.6 21.3 86.0 45.0 1975-76 4.8 21.3 99.7 49.0 1976-77 4.9 23.5 107.0 52.1 1977-78 5.8 23.1 108.9 52.9 1978-79 5.9 24.7 112.1 54.7 1979-80 6.5 25.8 105.9 57.2

1980-81 7.3 16.3 98.0 59.4 1981-82 7.4 14.4 84.6 58.7 1982-83 7.9 13.5 83.7 60.1 1983-84 8.8 13.7 92.8 63.0 1984-85 8.7 19.6 108.0 65.3 1985-86 8.0 21.1 106.2 67.6 1986-87 9.4 24.1 108.3 71.6 1987-88 9.6 30.2 116.3 80.3 1988-89 10.1 41.4 126.3 90.0 1989-90 9.5 66.8 135.2 99.6 1990-91 8.8 74.4 141.0 102.6 1991-92 9.3 80.4 139.0 102.4 1992-93 9.9 93.1 145.9 102.9 1993-94 10.5 99.7 153.0 109.8 1994-95 10.7 107.7 144.5 117.1 1995-96 10.9 115.7 162.1 117.7 1996-97 11.1 118.9 176.1 119.4 1997-98 11.4 119.5 216.0 123.3 1998-99 11.6 120.0 236.8 124.1 1999-00 11.9 141.4 239.1 127.0

2000-01 12.2 141.8 241.7 129.6 2001 -02 12.4 142.4 244.3 133.5 2002-03 12.7 164.2 247.0 135.0 2003-04 13.0 163.5 249.8 138.7 2004-05 13.3 164.0 252.6 141.5 2005-06 13.6 183.2 256.0 143.3 2006-07 13.8 206.5 258.9 143.6 2007-08 14.2 207.1 261.9 145.5 2008-09 14.5 207.7 265.0 148.2 2009-1 0 14.8 208.3 268.2 151.1

Construction PJ

4.1 4.0 3.4 3.7 3.9 4.2 5.7

6.5 5.8 6.4 5.7 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.7 5.8 5.4

5.0 5.6 6.1 6.4 6.6 6.8 7.0 7.2

Transport PJ

89.0 88.6 87.0 98.5 100.7 99.8 97.9

99.1 93.2 97.8 94.3 99.0 99.7 100.6 109.1 110.1 110.6

109.9 111.9 113.5 122.1 128.1 130.8 133.3 136.7 140.7 143.0

146.0 148.5 152.3 157.0 160.3 162.6 164.6 166.8 169.3 171.6

Commercial a

PJ

6.5 6.5 7.0 7.4 7.8 8.2 8.9

8.8 9.0 9.3 9.3

Residential PJ

18.5 18.7 19.0 19.6 19.7 20.8 20.9

21.4 21.2 20.8 20.9

Other b Total PJ PJ

5.5 272.6 4.9 279.6 5.3 296.5 5.0 321.9 5.4 328.2 5.4 335.8 5.3 334.1

5.1 322.0 5.8 300.1 5.2 304.6 5.3 313.9 5.7 343.1 5.5 344.8 5.7 358.4 6.2 391 .I 7.0 427.7 6.4 473.0

5.5 488.5 5.7 496.3 6.0 521.2 6.7 553.4 6.8 568.1 7.0 598.8 7.1 622.0 7.2 671.8 7.4 699.8 7.6 730.8

7.7 741.3 7.9 753.0 7.9 784.6 8.1 797.3 8.2 808.6 8.3 837.2 8.4 867.8 8.5 877.5 8.7 888.5 8.7 899.6

a Includes ASIC Divisions F, H, I, J, K, L and the water, sewerage and drainage industries. b Includes consumption of lubricants and greases, bitumen and solvents, as well as energy consumption in the gas production and distr~but~on Industries.

Page 112: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),

.sa!Jisnpu! uo!inq!Jts!p pue uo!pnpo~d se6 aqt u! uo!idwnsuo3 d6~aua se llaM se 's iua~~os pue uawni!q 'sasea~6 pue siuezqlqnl lo uo!idcunsuo3 sapnpul 3 .sa!Jtsnpu! a6eu!e~p pue a6e~aaas 'JateM aqt pue 1 'n ' r 'I 'H '3 suo!s!n!a ~ I S V sapnpul q '13v sapnpul e

8'PSE 9'ZSE L'19E 8' C9E P'Z9E 8'6PE L '9PE Z'ZPE P'8EE O'LEE

9'EEE 9'OEE 6.92'2 8'OZE 8'LLE 9'ELE L'90E L.861 9'962 1'982 9'00E P'66Z 2' 162 8'P8Z 9'P8Z Z'OPZ 0'8SZ 9'PSZ 1.092 L'SSZ E'P9Z 9'692 L'LPZ E'6PZ 9'WZ 8.222 P'SLZ

rd

let01

8'9 0'9 6'9 8'9 8'9 6's 8'9 0'9 6'9 6's 8'9 L'9 9 .s 9'9 9.9 6'9 6.9 1'9 0'9 t'9 P'9 2'9 2'9 L'9 P'9 1.9 L'9 E'S 2'9 P'S 9 '9 E.L L'9 P'9 6'9 E '9 E'L rd

3 law0

6'EE 9'EE E'EE O'EE L'ZE P'ZE 1 'ZE L' LE P' LE 1' LC

8.0'2 P'OE L 'OE L'6Z P'6Z C'6Z 9'82 8'82 9'LZ O'LZ L'9Z 9.92 L.6Z L 'SZ P'PZ 6'EZ 9.22 9'22 Z'ZZ E'LZ P'LZ 8'22 9'LZ L'LZ P'OZ 8'6 L 9'81

rd ie!zuap!sau

P'6 1 0'6 C 9'8 C 2'8 C 6'L C 9'L L Z'L L 8'9 L P'9 L 0'9 C

6'6 C L.91 8'P 1 P'P I 6'E C 6'E C Z'E L Z'Z C Z'Z C 8' L C

E'CC 8'0 L 9'0 L 8'6 0'0 1 L'6 1'6 0'0 C 8'8 1'6 6'8 8.8 L '6 9'8 O'L L 'L L'9 rd

q 1e!3latuuo3

- -

€'LO1 8'00 L 2'00 L 9'66 0'66 9'86 E'L6 E'96 L '96 '2.06

Z'E6 2'26 L'06 0'68 2'88 L'L8 L't8 9'E8 0' L8 2'08 6'28 O'E8 E.6L L'LL P'LL Z'9L O'EL P'LL L '69 O'LL P'LL 0' LL 0'69 839 L'L9 8'LS 0'9s

rd ~ l o d s u e ~ l

- -

Z'E L 'E 1 'E L 'E 1 'E OF O'E O'E O'E 6'2

6.Z 6'2 8'2 8'2 L'Z L.2 9.2 9'2 9'2 P'Z

6'2 L'Z 9 'Z S'Z Z'Z S'Z Z'E O'P 9'9 C'E 9.E Z'Z 6. L 8.2 9.2 1'2 6 L

rd uo!pnllsuo3

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9.6L Z'8L 8'9L 9'9L C'PL O'EL L' CL E'OL 0'69 L'69

8'89 0'89 P'L9 9'99 E'99 P'P9 E'E9 0'69 P'89 O'E9 9'P9 8'P9 2'29 6'69 C't9 Z'P9 P'69 P'Z9 Z'P9 6.09 9'09 0'09 t.09 9'C9 0.99 1'09 9'99

rd uo!te~aua6 ht!3!1t3a13

0'68 E'88 L'L8 L'L8 9'98 0'98 9'98 6'P8 E'P8 8'E8

E'E8 O'E8 P'Z8 9'6L 8'6L 9'8L 9'9L 8'9L O'LL 9'EL

E'ZL E'EL 9' LL P'OL 8'69 S'L9 L 'Z9 9'19 t.L9 2'69 8'9L 9.PL O.L9 P'LL P'ZL L'OL E'OL

rd

L'SL 2'9 L 8'81 Z'ZZ 2'92 P'9Z 9'92 E'9Z 9'92 9'92 9'92 9'92 9'92 L'9Z 9.91 9'92 9'92 L'SZ 8'92 9'92 9'LZ 8'92 8'LZ 9'92 6'tZ 8'tZ 9'9 1 Z'Z L E'Z L L'O L 1.01 '2.8 L 'L L'9 0'9 9'P L'E

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9'L P'L E'L Z'L C'L 1 'L O'L 6 '9 8'9 L'9 L'9 9'9 9'9 P'9 P.9 E'9 2'9 0'9 C'9 C '9 6'9 2'9 6'9 E'9 P'9 '2.9 P'9 1'9 P'9 0'9 0'9 L'P P'P P'P Z'P L'P E'P

I'd a~IlllIl3!16~

- -

OL-6002 60-8002 80-LOOZ LO-9002 90-9002 SO-POOZ PO-EOOZ EO-ZOOZ 20-LOOZ LO-oooz 00-666 L 66-866 L 86-L66 1 L6-966 1 96-966 L S6-P66 L P6-€66 L '26-266 C 26-C66L 16-0661 06-686 L 68-886 1 88-L86 L L8-986 L 98-986 C 98-P86 C 98-€86 C €8-286 L 28-L86L 18-086 L 08-6L6 L 6L-8L6 L 8L-LL6I LL-9L6 L 9L-SL6 C SL-PL6 C PL-EL6 L

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-- -- - -

B7 Energy consumption in Tasmania, by industry

Agriculture

PJ

0.7 0.7 1 .o 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3

1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.9 1.8 2.0

2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2

2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5

Mining

PJ 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.4

4.4 4.1 4.4 4.0 4.2 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.5

3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.7 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1

3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8

Manufacturing PJ

Electricity generation

PJ

2.7 3.1 3.5 2.4 3.2 2.3 2.8

4.0 5.1 5.1 5.0 3.9 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.4 7.4

8.7 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1

3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3

Construction PJ

0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.1 1.4

1.4 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.1

1.1 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6

1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

Transport PJ

18.0 17.9 18.8 20.1 20.0 20.7 21.3

20.9 20.2 19.7 20.8 21.2 22.5 22.1 22.2 22.8 23.0

22.8 22.2 23.5 23.9 24.0 24.3 24.4 24.8 25.1 25.2

25.3 25.4 25.6 25.7 25.9 25.9 25.9 25.9 26.0 25.9

Commercial a

P J

3.1 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8

3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.3

4.4 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.9

5.0 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.5

Residential PJ

10.9 11.5 11.6 12.2 12.1 12.1 11.4

11.1 11.4 11.5 11.9 12.4 12.9 13.4 13.4 13.6 13.6

13.7 13.7 14.1 14.1 14.3 14.3 14.4 14.4 14.4 14.4

14.3 14.3 14.3 14.2 14.2 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.0 14.0

Other b

PJ

1.1 0.9 1 .I 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2

1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.1 1 .o 0.9 1.1

1.1 0.9 1.2 1 .o 1 .o 1 .o 1 .I 1 .I 1.1 1.1

1 .I 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1

Total PJ

71.9 71.3 71.9 77.0 78.4 82.0 84.6

83.3 84.5 82.3 83.3 85.0 86.4 85.4 89.5 92.0 96.6

97.6 89.3 90.1 91.3 91.7 95.4 96.6 97.7 99.2 98.7

98.8 99.2 99.6

103.3 104.2 104.4 104.6 104.8 105.1 105.3

a Includes ASIC Divisions F, H, I, J, K, L and the water, sewerage and drainage industries. b lncludes consumption of lubricants and greases, bitumen and solvents, as well as energy consumption in the gas production and distribution industries.

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58 Energy consumption in Northern Territory, by industry

Agriculture

PJ

0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.2

1 .o 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1 .o 1 .o 10 1 .o 1.1 1.1 1.1 1 .I 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

Mining PJ

0.4 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 1 .o 1.2 1 .o 1 .o 1 .o 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.6

2.6 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.2

3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1

Manufacturing PJ

14.3 15.1 15.3 16.2 16.6 16.0 16.3

16.8 14.3 15.2 16.4 16.4 15.5 15.1 17.3 16.7 16.3

Electricity generation

PJ

4.2 4.3 4.8 5.2 5.9 5.7 7.3

7.1 7.7 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.8 10.5 10.3 10.4 11.4

11.8 11.8 11.5 11.4 12.2 13.4 13.7 14.2 14.8 15.1

15.5 15.9 16.2 16.5 16.9 17.7 17.5 17.8 18.1 18.4

Construction PJ

0.2 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

1.4 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.9

1 .o 1 .o 1.0 1 .o 1 .o 1 .o 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4

Transport PJ

7.6 8.2 6.7 7.9 8.1 8.9 10.5

9.8 10.1 10.7 11.7 12.4 13.2 14.9 14.4 14.3 14.6

15.2 16.2 16.7 17.8 18.3 19.1 19.7 20.5 21.2 21.9

22.8 22.7 23.2 23.7 24.4 24.8 25.3 26.0 26.5 27.0

Commercial a

PJ

1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.9

2.0

Residential

PJ

1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0

2.1 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5

2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0

Other b

PJ

0.6 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6

0.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.6

0.5 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1 .o I .o

Total PJ

30.1 32.8 31.2 33.6 35.1 35.7 40.0

41.3 38.6 40.8 43.8 45.8 47.0 49.4 51 .I 51.0 52.5

55.0 57.0 57.2 58.7 58.3 62.7 64.0 65.8 67.7 69.1

70.8 71.7 72.8 74.0 75.5 77.3 77.7 79.0 80.2 81.4

a Includes ASIC Divisions F, H, I, J, K, L and the water, sewerage and drainage industries. b Includes consumption of lubricants and greases, bitumen and solvents, as well as energy consumption in the gas production and distribution industries.

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C I Energy consumption in Australia, by industry and fuel type

1973 -74 PJ

Div. A Agriculture, forestry, fishing Fuels consumed

LPG 0.2 Power kerosene 2.2 Heating oil ADO Natural gas Electricity

Energy consumption Div. B Mining Fuels consumed

Black coal Brown coal Coke Coal byproducts LPG Aviation turbine fuel Heating oil ADO IDF Fuel oil Petroleum products nec Natural gas Electricity

Derived fuels produced Brown coal br~quettes Thermal electricity

Enerqv ConsumDtion

continued on next page

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C I Energy consumption in Australia, by industry and fuel type (Continued)

21 Food, beverages, tobacco Fuels consumed

Black coal 7.6 Brown coal Coal byproducts Brown coal briquettes 3.3 Wood, woodwaste 1.2 Bagasse 56.4 LPG 1 .O ADO 2.0 IDF 4.6 Fuel oil 24.1 Petroleum products nec 0.2 Natural gas 4.9 Town gas 0.8 Electricity 8.2

Derived fuels produced Thermal electricity 1 .O

Energy consumption 113.3 23-24 Textiles, clothing, footwear Fuels consumed

Black coal 1.9 Brown coal briquettes 1.6 LPG 0.1 ADO 0.3 IDF 0.4 Fuel oil 3.5 Natural gas 1.6 Town gas 0.4 Electricity 2.3

Energy consumption 12.1 25 Wood &wood products Fuels consumed

Black coal Brown coal Wood, woodwaste 8.0 LPG 0.1 ADO 0.8 IDF 0.5 Fuel oil 1.1 Natural gas Electricity 1.9

Derived fuels produced Thermal electricity 0.1

Enerav consum~tion 13.5

included in total included in total

8.1 8.3 8.5 8.3 8.7 8.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.9 4.1

continued on next page

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C I Energy consumption in Australia, by industry and fuel type (Continued)

1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1987 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1997 1999 2002 2004 2007 2009 -74 -77 -80 -83 -86 -88 -90 -91 -92 -93 -94 -95 -98 -00 -03 -05 -08 -10 PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ

26 Paper & paper products Fuels consumed

Black coal 9.0 8.2 5.3 8.3 8.3 8.7 8.3 8.3 7.5 7.2 7.3 7.4 8.4 8.5 8.7 8.8 9.0 9.2 Brown coal included in total Brown coal briquettes included in total Wood, woodwaste 3.4 3.9 3.7 4.1 6.9 7.1 8.2 8.3 8.2 9.0 10.4 10.7 10.9 11.1 11.5 11.7 11.3 11.4 LPG 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 ADO 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 IDF 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fuel oil 8.6 7.0 7.6 2.3 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Natural gas 7.1 11.1 16.1 15.9 17.9 19.2 18.4 16.8 17.2 18.0 18.3 18.5 19.5 19.7 20.0 20.2 20.5 20.7 Electricity 7.0 7.8 9.2 11.2 12.3 13.6 14.5 14.7 14.8 15.6 15.5 16.0 16.9 17.6 18.8 19.6 20.9 21.8

Derived fuels produced Thermal electricity 1.7 2.2 2.3 1.9 2.2 2.3 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

Energy consumption 41.1 40.7 44.0 44.8 49.0 51.8 50.5 49.1 48.1 49.8 51.0 52.1 54.3 55.5 57.5 59.0 60.3 61.8

275 Basic chemicals Fuels consumed

Black coal included in total Coke 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.8 Coal byproducts included in total Browncoalbriquettes 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 LPG 2.4 3.9 5.5 8.0 21.5 23.3 28.4 25.8 26.3 29.0 30.9 31.8 25.2 24.8 25.6 25.9 26.5 27.0 ADO 0.1 4.7 3.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 IDF 2.0 1.1 1.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fuel oil 17.7 7.1 3.4 2.7 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Petroleum products nec 60.3 58.6 64.1 46.9 49.7 54.5 48.8 54.8 53.6 59.6 59.0 64.3 62.8 61.9 62.5 62.5 62.2 62.9 Natural gas 13.4 17.5 33.8 45.5 46.0 50.5 52.1 54.7 52.0 50.3 53.2 57.1 79.1 80.4 81.3 82.1 83.7 85.4 Town gas 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 5.2 4.6 5.0 5.6 5.7 7.0 8.3 8.5 8.6 8.0 8.6 8.6 8.0 8.6 Electricity 5.7 6.2 7.1 7.9 8.7 8.9 9.8 10.2 10.0 10.3 10.9 10.9 11.9 12.4 13.3 13.9 15.1 15.9

Derived fuels produced Refinery feedstock included ~n total LPG ~ncluded in total Petroleumproductsnec 12.7 16.5 16.7 14.5 18.2 20.4 18.3 19.0 20.3 22.2 24.3 28.2 34.0 32.8 33.6 33.5 32.4 33.5 Town gas 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 5.2 4.6 5.0 5.6 5.7 7.0 8.3 8.5 8.6 8.0 8.6 8.6 8.0 8.6 Thermal electricity 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Energy consumption 84.0 75.2 95.5 93.4 100.5 107.9 110.9 115.2 108.7 111.4 113.7 119.7 128.4 131.0 132.1 134.2 138.6 141.0

continued on next page

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--

8 I C 1 Energy consumption in Australia, by industry and fuel type (Continued) ox

277 Petroleum refining Fuels consumed

Refinery feedstock 1230.1 1289.8 1312.8 1235.6 1247.2 1321.6 1386.3 1421.4 1440.0 1494.8 1513.1 1521.7 1572.6 1615.4 1671.2 1714.7 1764.1 1796.4 LPG 0.2 ADO Petroleum products nec 107.1 115.2 94.3 79.4 Natural gas 1.1 2.9 6.3 13.2 Electricity 2.6 2.6 3.5 3.7

Derived fuels produced LPG Auto gasoline-leaded 41 9.7 449.1 503.0 512.4 Auto gasoline-unleaded Aviation gasoline 2.1 1.9 3.2 5.2 Aviation turbine fuel 70.9 78.1 81.4 88.3 Lighting kerosene 8.7 11.4 6.5 5.9 Power kerosene 2.1 1.1 0.7 0.7 Heating oil 24.6 30.7 1 8 10.2 ADO 196.2 241.2 291.5 296.1 IDF 59.0 57.3 42.8 20.4 Fuel oil 232.4 201.6 167.5 124.1 Petroleum products nec Solvents 10.2 8.4 7.6 3.7 Lubricants & greases 16.1 21.0 24.1 21.0 Bitumen 20.9 21.4 22.3 21.7 Thermal electricity 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.5

Energy consumption 110.4 120.5 103.9 95.7

included in total 365.5 351.3 312.0 276.4 162.3 109.6 60.9 33.1 221.3 248.9 290.7 356.5 478.3 544.6 611.8 648.2 676.2 671.4

4.7 5.8 5.1 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 140.6 154.2 159.4 157.0 180.3 191.0 204.4 218.8 240.0 252.6

2.2 3.3 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 8.3 7.8 7.5 4.6 4.1

396.7 409.2 426.9 422.8 440.8 4.4 3.5 3.8 4.4 4.4

104.6 101.6 92.1 66.2 67.0 included in total

1.9 2.2 1.9 2.1 2.1 26.6 26.4 27.5 33.5 34.3 24.0 27.3 29.1 31.9 34.6 0.8 0.9 1 .O 1.0 1.2

101.7 107.5 106.1 109.3 116.0

2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 34.9 35.7 36.3 37.2 37.9 36.0 37.8 38.5 39.7 40.5

1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 116.3 116.8 117.1 117.5 117.9

continued on next page

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--

I Energy consumption in Australia, by industry and fuel type (Continued)

PJ PJ PJ 27 Total chemicals, petroleum, coal products a Fuels consumed

Black coal Brown coal Coke Coal byproducts Brown coal briquettes Refinery feedstock LPG ADO IDF Fuel oil Petroleum products nec Natural gas Town gas Electricity

Derived fuels produced Coal byproducts Refinery feedstock LPG Auto gasoline-leaded Auto gasoline-unleaded Aviation gasoline Aviation turbine fuel Lighting kerosene Power kerosene Heating oil ADO IDF Fuel oil Petroleum products nec Solvents Lubricants & greases Bitumen Town gas Thermal electricity

Energy consumption 208.6 210.7 215.6

a Also includes ASIC groups 276 and 278.

0.5 0.4 included in total

31.6 38.3 365.5 351.3 221.3 248.9

4.7 5.8 140.6 154.2

2.2 3.3 0.1 0.1 8.3 7.8

396.7 409.2 4.4 3.5

104.6 101.6 included in total

1.9 2.2 26.6 26.4 24.0 27.3 5.7 7.0 1.4 1.5

226.1 235.5

2.1 2.1 2.1 36.3 37.2 37.9 38.5 39.7 40.5 8.6 8.0 8.6 1.8 1.9 1.9

268.9 274.2 277.5

continued on next page

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*"a? M N O w m w .-

Z?$ w m w 7

"?"a? % % Z 7

g?; 2 2 zP28?&!z 2 -?a? w m m ? ~ ~ " ? ~ - o o - w o w ?"?"'? E N .- 7- 3 . 8 1 - - 0 ) m o w

9 2 2 z z 8 X i r Z ; 2%:: 22: $ ~ ~ ~ 2 ~ :$gal z N N r " N -3 m N O W

Energy projections to 2009-10 105

Page 121: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),

C I Energy consumption in Australia, by industry and fuel type (Conrinued) --

1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1987 1989 1990 1991 1992 -74 -77 -80 -83 -86 -88 -90 -91 -92 -93 PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ

295-6 Basic non-ferrous metals Fuels consumed

Black coal 19.6 30.1 34.0 33.5 45.9 49.1 49.8 50.1 53.2 54.6 Coke 4.7 3.9 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.8 5.0 4.9 5.4 5.1 Wood, woodwaste included in total LPG included in total Power kerosene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 ADO 2.5 1.9 3.3 2.6 1.9 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.9 IDF 1.6 2.0 1.5 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 Fuel oil 47.2 72.0 75.7 48.9 33.9 37.7 36.7 31.2 29.7 28.4 Petroleumproductsnec 1.7 3.2 3.1 3.4 6.6 7.4 9.1 9.3 9.0 9.3 Natural gas 22.6 25.5 28.3 36.3 65.1 71.1 81.0 95.9 99.9 104.1 Town gas 0.0 0.0 0.0 Electricity 24.9 28.9 34.2 40.2 71.1 84.4 94.7 95.7 96.8 99.9

Derived fuels produced Thermal electricity 3.2 5.4 6.4 6.2 9.1 9.0 9.0 9.5 10.2 10.9

Energy consumption 122.7 163.2 179.5 164.3 220.7 250.2 274.6 285.5 290.6 297.8 29 Total basic metal products Fuels consumed

Black coal 258.8 256.2 254.7 198.1 214.5 229.1 235.9 233.9 239.0 234.5 Coke 138.2 131.2 135.5 95.1 88.4 81.4 113.4 112.7 95.6 93.3 Coal byproducts 97.8 90.2 82.8 60.9 60.6 63.6 65.8 63.2 67.1 66.1 Wood, woodwaste 2.4 1.8 1.8 0.2 0.2 1.6 3.1 3.4 2.0 2.0 LPG 1.7 1.8 1.5 0.9 1.3 1.9 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.1 Power kerosene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 ADO 3.1 2.4 4.1 3.0 2.2 2.6 2.7 3.0 2.8 3.0 IDF 3.5 10.0 3.3 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 Fuel oil 80.7 91.2 93.0 50.5 35.5 38.5 37.7 32.5 31.2 29.7 Petroleum products nec 1.7 3.2 3.1 3.4 6.6 7.4 9.1 9.3 9.0 9.3 Natural gas 24.1 27.6 37.6 52.4 91.2 96.2 107.5 119.7 121.6 126.8 Town gas 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 Electricity 41.3 44.2 51.2 52.7 85.6 100.6 112.8 112.8 114.9 118.8

Derived fuels produced Coke 144.0 138.0 134.7 99.3 101.9 110.2 121.4 114.3 114.8 110.7 Coal byproducts 103.1 95.8 90.8 69.9 68.4 73.0 75.5 73.0 76.9 77.0 Thermal electricity 7.1 8.8 9.4 8.0 11.8 12.2 13.1 12.6 13.8 14.3

Energy consumption 399.2 417.4 433.9 341.1 404.1 427.6 480.5 493.3 480.9 484.8

conbnued on next page

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C I Energy consumption in Australia, by industry and fuel type - --

1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1987 1989 -74 -77 -80 -83 -86 -88 -90 PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ

31 Fabricated metal products Fuels consumed

Black coal 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 LPG 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 ADO 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 IDF 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fuel oil 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.0 Natural gas 1.4 2.8 3.9 4.3 4.6 5.4 5.6 Town gas 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 Electricity 2.5 2.7 3.2 3.3 3.6 4.0 4.3

Energy consumption 7.6 8.3 9.2 8.6 9.0 10.1 10.7 32 Transport equipment Fuels consumed

Black coal Brown coal 0.0 0.1 Coke 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.0 Brown coal briquettes LPG 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 ADO 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 IDF 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 Fuel oil 1.9 1.2 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 Natural gas 4.0 3.8 4.6 5.0 5.4 6.4 6.5 Town gas 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Electricity 2.9 3.2 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.8 5.0

Energy consumption 10.5 9.8 10.1 9.8 10.2 11.7 11.9 33 Other machinery & equipment Fuels consumed

Black coal 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 LPG 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 ADO 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 IDF 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fuel oil 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 Natural gas 1.0 1.4 2.2 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.1 Town gas 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 Electricity 3.0 3.4 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.7 5.0

Enarav consum~tion 7.0 7.2 7.9 6.7 7.0 7.4 7.7

(Continued)

included in total

included in total 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.4 6.3 5.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.9 5.1 5.2

11.6 11.7 11.4

continued on next page

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I

C I Energy consumption in Australia, by industry and fuel type (Continued)

1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1987 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1997 1999 2002 2004 2007 2009 -74 -77 -80 -83 -86 -88 -90 -91 -92 -93 -94 -95 -98 -00 -03 -05 -08 -10 PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ

34 Miscellaneous manufacturing Fuels consumed

Black coal 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Brown coal briquettes 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 LPG 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 Heating oil 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 IDF 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fuel oil 3.4 1.6 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Petroleum products nec 0.1 0.0 0.0 Natural gas 1.2 2.9 3.3 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.2 2.9 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.9 Town gas 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 Electricity 2.6 2.8 3.3 3.3 3.8 4.3 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.7 5.1 5.4 5.9 6.2 6.6 6.9

Derived fuels produced Thermal electricity 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Energy consumption 8.9 8.5 7.9 6.8 7.3 8.0 8.6 7.9 7.3 7.7 7.7 7.7 8.2 8.6 9.1 9.5 10.0 10.5

continued on next page

Page 124: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),

ADO IDF Fuel oil Petroleum products nec Solvents Natural gas Town gas Electricity

Derived fuels produced Coke Coal byproducts Refinery feedstock LPG Auto gasoline-leaded Auto gasoline-unleaded Aviation gasoline Aviation turbine fuel Lighting kerosene Power kerosene Heating oil ADO IDF Fuel oil Petroleum products nec Solvents Lubricants & greases Bitumen Town gas Thermal electricity

b $ d k

2 $. o 5.

2 -+

h, 0

% ~ z l 0

included in total 31.6 38.3

365.5 351.3 221.3 248.9

4.7 5.8 140.6 154.2

2.2 3.3 0.1 0.1 8.3 7.8

396.7 409.2 4.4 3.5

104.6 101.6 included in total

1.9 2.2 26.6 26.4 24.0 27.3

5.7 7.0 18.5 19.7

- -

C I Energy consumption in Australia, by industry and fuel type (Continued) -

1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1987 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 -74 -77 -80 -83 -86 -88 -90 -91 -92 -93 -94 PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ

Div. C Manufaduring Fuels consumed

Black coal 306.3 301.6 294.1 243.7 262.1 270.5 282.1 279.2 282.5 277.1 271.3 Brown coal 6.0 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.6 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 Coke 139.4 132.6 137.1 96.4 89.3 82.3 113.5 112.8 95.7 93.4 96.2 Coal byproducts 103.4 96.1 91.1 69.9 67.2 71.4 73.9 71.2 75.1 75.0 76.4 Brown coal briquettes 12.1 10.9 10.7 7.8 10.4 9.9 10.6 10.2 8.3 7.9 7.5 Wood, woodwaste 15.1 14.8 15.6 15.0 16.9 19.1 23.0 23.2 22.4 23.4 24.9 Bagasse 56.4 68.2 60.4 71.9 71.4 73.9 81.5 78.2 63.5 78.0 84.5 Refinery feedstock 1230.1 1289.8 1312.8 1235.6 1247.2 1321.6 1386.3 1421.4 1440.0 1494.8 1513.1 LPG 8.2 10.5 11.8 13.1 29.2 32.5 38.9 37.0 37.3 41.2 43.0 Power kerosene 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Heating oil 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 34.3 34.9 357 36.3 37.2 37.9 34.6 36.0 37.8 38.5 397 40.5

8.6 8.0 8.6 8.6 8.0 8.6 24.8 26.2 28.5 28.9 29.5 29.9

1210.7 1255.4 1282.2 1313.5 1945.5 1369.4 .-

continued on next page

Energy consumption 918.0

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C I Energy consumption in Australia, by industry and fuel type (Continued)

1973 -74 PJ

3611 Public electricity generation Fuels consumed

Black coal 335.5 Brown coal 21 4.2 Brown coal briquettes 4.3 Wood, woodwaste 1.5 ADO 2.9 IDF 4.8 Fuel oil 21.2 Natural gas 33.2 Electricity 33.1

Derived fuels produced Thermal electricity 178.4

Energy consumption 472.4 3612 Private electricity generation Fuels consumed

Black coal 11.6 Brown coal 15.2 Coal byproducts ADO 9.1 IDF 0.6 Fuel oil 11.5 Petroleum products nec Natural gas 2.6 Electricity 0.7

Derived fuels produced Thermal electricity 14.2

Energy consumption 37.3 361 Total electricity generation Fuels corlsurned

Black coal 347.1 Brown coal 229.5 Coal byproducts Brown coal briquettes 4.3 Wood, woodwaste 1.5 ADO 11.9 IDF 5.4 Fuel oil 32.7 Petroleum products nec Natural gas 35.9 Electricity 33.9 1 Derived fuels produced Thermal electricity 192.5 236.7 282.4 323.8 382.3 428.5 483.2 487.4 497.4 506.4 519.1 533.7 589.6 615.5 650.4 673.6 708.6 734.4 - I Energy consumption 509.6 632.7 742.0 828.5 894.9 961.2 1064.3 1063.5 1091.6 1095.1 1121.3 1147.6 1248.4 1300.2 1365.2 1408.2 1420.2 1467.9 -

continued on next page

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C I Energy consumption in Australia, by industry and fuel type (Continued)

1973 -74 PJ

37 Water, sewerage & drainage Fuels consumed

Black coal 1.2 ADO 0.7 Natural gas 0.2 Electricity 2.4

Energy consumption 4.5 Div. D Electricity, gas, water b Fuels consumed

Black coal 350.1 Brown coal 229.5 Coal byproducts Brown coal briquettes 4.3 Wood, woodwaste 1.5 LPG 3.0 ADO 12.6 IDF 6.4 Fuel oil 32.7 Petroleum products nec 14.9 Natural gas 43.9 Town gas 2.0 Electricity 36.4

Derived fuels produced Coke 0.6 Town gas 17.3 Thermal electricity 192.5

Energy consumption 526.9 Div. E Construction Fuels consumed

Lighting kerosene 0.2 ADO IDF Fuel oil 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

48.0 49.9 52.5 54.3 56.7 58.3 .-

continued on next page

Natural gas Electricity

Enerav consum~tion 25.9

b Also includes ASIC group 362

Page 127: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),

C 1 Energy consumption in Australia, by industry and fuel type (Contirzued)

1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1987 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1997 1999 2002 2004 2007 2009 -74 -77 -80 -83 -86 -88 -90 -91 -92 -93 -94 -95 -98 -00 -03 -05 -08 -10 PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ

51 Road transport Fuels consumed

LPG 1.0 1.4 Auto gasoline-leaded 422.5 478.2 Auto gasoline-unleaded ADO 47.6 67.9 Natural gas

Energy consumption 471.1 547.5 52 Railway transport Fuels consumed

Black coal 0.3 0.3 ADO 25.0 27.2 IDF Electricity 2.4 2.5

Energy consumption 27.7 30.0 53 Water transport Fuels consumed

Black coal ADO 4.7 6.7 IDF 17.0 19.0 Fuel oil 99.5 82.7 Natural gas

Energy consumption 121.3 108.3 54 Air transport Fuels consumed

Aviation gasoline 3.5 3.7 Aviation turbine fuel 60.9 70.0

Energy consumption 64.4 73.8 55-58 Other transport, services & storage Fuels consumed

ADO 0.2 0.3 IDF 0.0 0.1 Fuel oil 0.3 0.5 Petroleum products nec Natural gas 0.4 1.2 Electricity 0.2 0.4

Energy consumption 1.0 2.5

13.4 13.2 13.5 1.5 1.6 1.6

- 15.2 15.1 15.4

continued on next page

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/ Energy consumption in Australia, by industry and fuel type (Continued)

1973 1976 -74 -77 PJ PJ

Div. G Transport & storage Fuels consumed

Black coal 0.3 0.3 LPG 1.0 1.4 Auto gasoline-leaded 422.5 478.2 Auto gasoline-unleaded Aviation gasoline 3.5 3.7 Aviation turbine fuel 60.9 70.0 ADO 77.4 102.0 IDF 17.1 19.1 Fuel oil 99.8 83.1 Petroleum products nec Natural gas 0.4 1.2 Electricity 2.5 2.9

Energy consumption 685.4 761.9 Divs. F,H,I,J,K,L Commercial and services Fuels consumed

Black coal 5.0 4.7 Brown coal 0.2 0.0 Brown coal briquettes 1.9 1.9 Wood, woodwaste 1.2 1.0 LPG 3.1 3.6 Heating oil 0.6 0.5 ADO 5.4 6.3 IDF 15.5 12.5 Fuel oil 4.9 3.4 Natural gas 5.5 10.0 Town gas 3.2 3.0 Electricity 33.8 41.1

Derived fuels produced Thermal electricity

Energy consumption 80.0 88.1 Residential Fuels consumed

Black coal 0.8 1.0 Coke 0.4 0.3 Brown coal briquettes 7.2 3.6 Wood, woodwaste 74.6 65.7 LPG 4.8 5.1 Lighting kerosene 9.0 10.2 Heating oil 27.1 35.1 ADO 3.6 3.4 IDF 1.4 1.3 Natural gas 23.6 36.5 Town gas 7.7 6.7 Solar energy 0.1 0.3 Electricity 71.1 91.2

5 I Energy consumption 231.3 260.2 261.9 273.2 288.4 296.2 322.3 327.8 334.6

continued on next page

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-

C I Energy consumption in Australia, by industry and fuel type (Continued) -- .-

1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1987 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1997 1999 2002 2004 2007 2009 -74 -77 -80 -83 -86 -88 -90 -91 -92 -93 -94 -95 -98 -00 -03 -05 -08 -10 PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ

Solvents, lubricants, greases & bitumen Fuels consumed

Petroleumproductsnec 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Solvents 10.2 5.5 7.9 5.6 3.2 4.1 4.0 3.2 3.2 3.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.7 5.8 Lubricants & greases 18.4 17.1 18.5 17.0 17.8 18.8 20.1 18.6 18.5 19.1 19.5 19.7 20.3 20.7 21.3 21.8 22.4 22.9 Bitumen 20.4 22.9 24.9 21.5 25.6 24.6 28.3 27.4 26.3 29.1 31.5 32.3 34.9 36.3 38.2 38.9 40.1 40.9

Energy consumption 49.6 46.0 51.9 44.7 47.0 48.0 52.7 49.3 48.2 52.1 56.0 57.1 60.4 62.4 65.0 66.3 68.3 69.7 Total Fuels consumed

Black coal 662.9 749.7 846.5 869.8 980.9 1035.6 1132.1 1141.3 1168.2 1195.6 1197.4 1217.2 1296.4 1361.4 1413.1 1462.6 1499.0 1528.3 Brown coal 262.6 304.0 321.0 329.4 350.1 424.9 450.7 484.1 497.3 466.8 486.8 475.2 516.6 537.1 567.8 583.4 555.1 574.7 Coke 139.8 132.9 137.2 96.9 89.5 82.6 113.8 113.1 96.0 93.6 96.4 108.9 98.2 98.9 98.9 99.0 99.1 99.1 Coal byproducts 103.4 96.1 91.1 70.1 68.6 73.2 75.9 73.5 77.3 77.4 78.9 77.6 69.6 70.2 70.2 70.2 70.1 70.1 Browncoalbriquettes 25.5 22.6 26.9 14.9 16.6 15.9 15.8 14.2 12.3 11.2 10.7 11.1 10.5 10.5 10.6 10.7 11.2 11.6 Wood, woodwaste 92.5 81.9 83.6 85.1 87.6 90.6 97.9 100.1 101.6 104.8 107.1 107.3 107.1 106.7 105.5 104.5 101.7 100.3 Bagasse 56.4 68.2 60.4 71.9 71.4 73.9 81.5 78.2 63.5 78.0 84.5 89.4 94.3 96.4 100.1 102.6 106.8 109.3 Refinery feedstock 1230.1 1289.8 1312.8 1235.6 1247.2 1321.6 1386.3 1421.4 1440.0 1494.8 1513.1 1521.7 1572.6 1615.4 1671.2 1714.7 1764.1 1796.4 LPG 20.4 23.9 28.0 32.5 56.5 65.8 78.6 82.5 88.8 98.2 104.4 107.8 108.7 113.0 120.9 126.2 134.0 139.8 Autogasoline-leaded 422.5 478.2 506.9 515.4 527.6 482.6 427.6 383.4 359.3 337.0 304.2 276.4 162.3 109.6 60.9 33.1 Auto gasoline-unleaded 18.4 82.3 161.3 192.2 219.5 247.6 290.9 337.8 461.9 527.5 593.5 629.1 655.8 650.1 Aviation gasoline 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.9 4.3 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 Aviation turbine fuel 60.9 70.0 76.8 79.7 89.3 102.9 104.6 118.8 127.3 136.0 141.1 148.0 171.3 181.9 195.3 209.7 231.0 243.5 Lighting kerosene 9.2 10.4 7.9 5.1 3.7 2.8 2.5 2.2 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 Power kerosene 2.2 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Heating oil 29.1 37.1 20.0 9.0 5.9 4.8 4.8 4.8 5.6 6.1 4.7 4.6 4.1 3.8 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.7 ADO 176.8 228.4 276.1 287.0 320.2 351.0 389.6 378.3 385.6 398.6 413.0 427.4 445.9 463.7 488.4 507.7 541.6 567.0 IDF 62.7 73.9 44.1 17.3 10.4 8.2 6.1 4.9 5.2 5.1 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 Fuel oil 326.1 271.5 251.6 155.1 109.1 95.9 101.9 92.3 78.5 74.7 75.5 74.3 75.2 61.9 61.6 63.1 61.9 62.2 Petroleum products nec 186.4 187.1 165.3 131.9 136.9 147.7 143.7 154.4 151.2 163.0 161.5 168.4 170.4 169.6 170.4 170.5 470.3 171.2 Solvents 10.2 5.5 7.9 5.6 3.2 4.1 4.0 3.2 3.2 3.8 5.1 5.2 5.6 5.8 6.1 6.2 6.4 6.5 Lubricantc8greases 18.4 17.1 18.5 17.0 17.8 18.8 20.1 18.6 18.5 19.1 19.5 19.7 20.3 20.7 21.3 21.8 22.4 22.9 Bitumen 20.4 22.9 24.9 21.5 25.6 24.6 28.3 27.4 26.3 29.1 31.5 32.3 34.9 36.3 38.2 38.9 40.1 40.9 Natural gas 172.5 256.2 362.6 466.2 570.7 610.5 688.0 655.7 678.7 706.5 733.4 776.4 934.6 984.9 1082.0 1116.2 1224.4 1271.6 Town gas 20.6 18.4 16.4 14.8 13.0 10.2 8.6 8.2 8.4 9.7 10.8 11.0 10.5 9.5 10.2 10.3 9.7 10.4 Solar energy 0.1 0.3 0.8 1.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.4 3.6 4.3 4.5 Electricity 250.5 299.2 348.2 383.6 457.0 500.7 557.4 563.9 574.1 588.9 601.7 615.1 677.2 705.3 743.2 767.6 803.5 830.5

--

continued on next page

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C I Energy consumption in Australia, by industry and fuel type (Contirz~wd)

Total Derived fuels produced

Coke Coal byproducts Brown coal briquettes Refinery feedstock LPG Auto gasoline-leaded Auto gasoline-unleaded Aviation gasoline Aviation turbine fuel Lighting kerosene Power kerosene Heating oil ADO IDF Fuel oil Petroleum products nec Solvents Lubricants & greases Bitumen Town gas Thermal electricity

Enerav consumDtion

114.8 110.7 77.3 77.4 15.9 11.4

included in total 31.6 38.3

365.5 351.3 221.3 248.9

4.7 5.8 140.6 154.2

2.2 3.3 0.1 0.1 8.3 7.8

396.7 409.2 4.4 3.5

104.6 101.6 included in total

1.9 2.2 26.6 26.4 24.0 27.3 8.4 9.7

517.9 528.1 3981.8 4079.2

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C2 Energy consumption in Australia, by equipment type and fuel type

1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1987 1989 1990 1991 -74 -77 -80 -83 -86 -88 -90 -91 -92 PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ

Boilers Black coal 403.6 501.5 605.6 677.6 783.0 829.6 911.0 925.8 953.0 Brown coal 235.6 280.0 291.9 312.4 331.3 406.7 434.5 468.0 479.4 Coke 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.5 Coal byproducts 28.9 27.6 23.0 17.8 18.7 22.2 25.1 22.2 24.2 Brown coal briquettes 13.5 13.9 20.3 11.1 11.2 10.8 10.2 8.8 8.7 Wood, woodwaste 14.8 13.6 13.7 14.4 15.6 16.6 18.2 18.2 19.1 Bagasse 56.4 68.2 60.4 71.9 71.4 73.9 81.5 78.2 63.5 LPG 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 ADO 2.8 4.5 4.6 5.7 5.4 4.9 3.8 3.8 3.6 IDF 11.6 17.2 8.0 2.5 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 Fuel oil 104.6 99.2 100.4 62.8 31.1 19.5 25.7 28.5 19.0 Petroleumproductsnec 37.0 45.5 34.6 27.4 22.8 29.8 30.4 30.9 31.9 Natural gas 78.0 104.0 135.2 187.9 242.1 253.8 264.8 233.4 240.1 Town gas 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Electricity 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7

Energy consumption 987.2 1176.2 1298.6 1392.9 1536.2 1670.2 1808.0 1820.2 1845.5

Industrial dryers Black coal 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 Brown coal briquettes 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 Wood, woodwaste 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.7 LPG 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 0.8 Aviation turbine fuel 0.4 0.3 0.4 Power kerosene 0.1 Heating oil 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ADO 1.0 1.8 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.4 IDF 1.8 2.3 2.2 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fuel oil 2.9 3.3 3.7 1.9 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 Petroleum products nec 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Natural gas 2.1 3.1 4.9 6.1 7.9 9.2 10.3 10.5 10.5 Town gas 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Energy consumption 9.2 11.6 13.5 11.3 13.1 14.4 16.1 16.1 15.4

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

12.7 13.1 13.6 14.0 14.2 14.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

17.5 17.9 18.5 18.9 19.1 19.6

continued on next page

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C2 Energy consumption in Australia, by equipment type and fuel type (Continued)

1973 -74

PJ

Industrial cooking equipment LPG 0.0 ADO 0.4 IDF 0.8 Fuel oil 1.5 Natural gas 0.5 Town gas 0.5

Energy consumption 3.7 Kilns

Black coal 21.4 Coal byproducts 0.2 Brown coal briquettes 1.5 Wood, woodwaste 0.1 LPG 0.8 Heating oil ADO IDF Fuel oil Petroleum products r Solvents Natural gas Town gas Electricity

Energy consumption Electrolytic equipment

Electricity Energy consumption Coke ovens

Black coal Coal byproducts IDF Fuel oil Natural gas

Enerav consumotion

continued on next page

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-

C2 Energy consumption in Australia, by equipment type and fuel type (Continued)

Metallurgical process equipment Black coal 4.7 Coke 138.6 Coal byproducts 46.1 Wood, woodwaste 2.4

- .

Fuel oil 51.5 Petroleum products nec 0.5 Natural gas 6.5 Town gas 1.2 Electricity 1 .1

Energy consumption 259.9 Chemical & refining equipment

Black coal Coke 0.8 Coal byproducts Refinery feedstock 1230.1 LPG - .

ADO 0.0 IDF 1.3 Fuel oil Petroleum products nec 71.1 Natural gas 7.7 Town gas 3.4

Energy consumption 1323.1 Stationary engines

ADO 15.1 IDF 3.6 Fuel oi! 1.8 Petroleum products nec Natural gas 8.6 Electricity 0.1

Energy consumption 29.2

0.2 0.2 1440.0 1494.8

included in total

0.0 included in total

48.5 51.5

18.8 19.7 20.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 1.4 1.4 1.4

139.7 132.4 137.9 0.2 0.2 0.2

163.3 157.2 163.7

continued on next page

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C2 Energy consumption in Australia, by equipment type and fuel type (Continued)

1973 -74

PJ Mobile engines

Black coal 0.2 LPG 3.3 Auto gasoline-leaded 422.5 Auto gasoline-unleaded Aviation oasoline 3.5 Aviation Lrbine fuel 60.9 Power kerosene 2.2 ADO 147.9 IDF 20.6 Fuel oil 99.8 Petroleum products nec Natural gas Electricity 2.4

Energy consumption 763.3 General industry equipment a

Black coal 0.1 LPG 0.4 Heating oil 1 .O ADO 0.4 IDF 0.5 Fuel oil 0.2 Natural gas 0.2 Town gas 0.7 Electricity 104.2

Energy consumption 107.6 Commercial appliances

Black coal 0.6 Brown coal briquettes 0.7 Wood, woodwaste 0.5 LPG 3.0 Lighting kerosene 0.1 Heating oil 0.5 ADO 4.3 IDF 14.1 Fuel oil 1.1 Natural gas 4.9 Town gas 3.3 Electricity 31 .O

Energy consumption 64.1 71.1 82.4 87.2 98.1 112.1 127.9 133.6 137.2 141.2 144.8 150.3 168.9 179.3 195.7 205.4 219.7 229.7

a Principally industrial electric motors and space heating. continued on next page

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C2 Energy consumption in Australia, by equipment type and fuel type (Continued)

1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1987 1989 1990 1991 1992 -74 -77 -80 -83 -86 -88 -90 -91 -92 -93 PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ

Domestic appliances Black coal 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1

I Coke 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.0 Browncoalbriquettes 7.2 3.6 1.7 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 Wood, woodwaste 74.6 65.7 67.1 69.1 69.9 70.6 74.1 76.2 78.4 80.7 LPG 4.8 5.1 5.3 5.5 6.9 7.5 8.0 8.3 8.5 9.0 Lighting kerosene 9.0 10.2 7.7 4.9 3.4 2.5 2.2 1.8 1.3 1.3 Heating oil 27.1 35.1 18.8 8.0 5.2 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.8 5.3 ADO 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 IDF 1.4 1.3 0.7 0.0 Natural gas 23.6 36.5 45.1 57.2 68.7 72.7 87.9 89.4 93.3 97.8 Town gas 7.7 6.7 6.3 6.1 4.3 3.0 2.1 1.6 1.7 1.7 Solar energy 0.1 0.3 0.8 1.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 Electricity 71.1 91.2 104.3 116.4 124.1 130.2 138.8 141.3 141.6 146.3

Energy consumption 229.0 258.1 260.0 271.4 286.7 294.4 320.6 326.2 332.9 345.4 Conversion industry equipment b

Black coal 1.9 1.6 0.6 0.2 Brown coal 27.0 24.0 29.2 17.0 18.8 18.2 16.1 16.1 17.9 11.3 Coal byproducts 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 Browncoalbriquettes 2.7 3.3 3.3 1.9 3.5 3.1 3.4 3.4 2.7 2.2 LPG 3.0 2.9 2.5 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 ADO 0.0 0.3 IDF 0.7 0.0 Petroleum products nec 14.9 7.4 1.5 1.4 Natural gas 4.8 9.2 8.7 6.2 5.6 3.3 2.0 1.4 1.4 Town gas 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 Electricity 34.6 43.7 52.9 56.0 67.2 68.1 74.8 71.8 76.0 75.3

Energy consumption 87.0 90.5 101.2 88.8 98.8 97.3 99.5 94.9 99.6 91.7 Field & plant usage (including natural gas distribution)

LPG 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Petroleum products nec 0.0 0.0 0.1 Natural gas 7.9 11.7 11.3 14.5 26.9 34.0 55.8 59.0 63.7 75.0

Energy consumption 8.0 11.7 11.3 14.5 27.0 34.0 55.8 59.0 63.8 75.0

b Briquetting equipment and own use and losses in electricity and town gas production. continued on next page

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C2 Energy consumption in Australia, by equipment type and fuel type (Continued)

Non fuel use Coal byproducts Wood, woodwaste LPG Lighting kerosene Power kerosene ADO IDF Fuel oil Petroleum products nec Solvents Lubricants & greases Bitumen Natural gas Town gas

Energy consumption Other nec c

ADO Natural gas Electricity

Energy consumption

7.5 8.5 7.1 7.0 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9

included in total 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

included in total 68.6 75.5 74.0 78.3

3.2 3.8 4.9 5.0 18.5 19.1 19.5 19.7 26.3 29.1 31.5 32.3 22.1 22.8 24.3 27.1

0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 176.0 191.4 195.7 204.8

c Principally illumination and communication equipment

Page 137: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),

D I Energy consumption in Australia, by fuel Energy units

Black coal

PJ

662.9 71 7.6 702.2 749.7 776.8 792.7 846.5

887.6 876.7 869.8 913.7 968.4 980.9

1 008.2 1 035.6 1 107.3 1 132.1

1 141.3 1 168.2 1 195.6 1 197.4 1 217.2 1 242.0 1 264.0 1 296.4 1 331.5 1 361.4

1 380.3 1 408.9 1 413.1 1 436.4 1 462.6 1 489.6 1 475.6 1 499.0 1 503.8 1 528.3

Brown coal

PJ

262.6 270.8 286.8 304.0 297.4 312.9 321 .O

312.0 357.7 329.4 316.5 369.2 350.1 405.0 424.9 474.8 450.7

484.1 497.3 466.8 486.8 475.2 494.5 506.9 51 6.6 523.9 537.1

547.6 555.3 567.8 577.4 583.4 566.9 549.1 555.1 564.4 574.7

Coke PJ

139.8 149.0 135.6 132.9 130.3 142.1 137.2

11 6.4 125.1 96.9 95.4 95.0 89.5 86.4 82.6 86.3

113.8

11 3.0 96.0 93.6 96.4

108.9 109.5 109.3 98.2 96.1 98.9

98.6 98.9 98.9 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.1 99.1 99.1

Coal by- products

PJ

103.4 107.0 102.4 96.1 93.8

102.5 91 .I

90.7 87.8 70.1 67.4 67.1 68.6 68.3 73.2 78.2 75.9

73.5 77.3 77.4 78.9 77.6 73.4 77.4 69.6 70.5 70.2

70.2 70.2 70.2 70.2 70.2 70.1 70.1 70.1 70.1 70.1

Brown coal briquettes

P J

25.5 24.3 21 .o 22.6 22.6 23.9 26.9

24.0 20.0 14.9 16.8 16.0 16.6 17.5 15.9 15.2 15.8

14.2 12.3 11.2 10.7 11.1 10.7 10.6 10.5 10.5 10.5

10.5 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.7 10.9 11.0 11.2 11.4 11.6

Wood, woodwaste

PJ

92.5 89.9 87.4 81.9 80.9 82.0 83.6

84.1 84.1 85.1 85.4 86.1 87.6 88.7 90.6 93.9 97.9

1oc.1 101.6 104.8 107.1 107.3 107.2 107.3 107.1 106.9 106.7

106.3 105.9 105.5 105.0 104.5 103.0 102.4 101.7 101.1 100.3

Consumption of fuels - --

Refinery Bagasse input

PJ PJ

56.4 1 230.1 59.7 1 231.9 63.0 1 233.7 68.2 1 289.8 68.3 1 331.1 59.9 1 320.4 60.4 1 312.8

68.5 1 261.7 74.1 1 276.1 71.9 1 235.6 69.1 1 260.9 72.9 1 267.5 71.4 1 247.2 73.4 1 233.4 73.9 1 321.5 80.7 1 345.7 81.5 1 386.3

78.2 1 421.4 63.5 ! 440.0 78.0 1 494.8 84.5 1 513.1 89.4 1 521.7 90.4 1 537.4 93.3 1 535.1 94.3 1 572.6 95.2 1 596.2 96.4 1 615.4

97.6 1 642.3 98.9 1 650.9

100.1 1 671.2 101.4 1 690.8 102.6 1 714.7 103.9 1 731.5 105.3 1 745.9 106.8 1 764.1 107.9 1 780.6 109.3 1 796.4

Petroleum products

PJ

1 348.9 1 344.4 1 355.9 I 430.7 1 459.2 1 461.0 1 432.6

1 378.6 1 360.6 1281.1 1 328.8 1 331.3 1 328.1 1 339.2 1 395.5 1 459.2 1 477.6

1 466.9 1 474.3 1 523.8 1 560.2 1 610.4 1 633.2 1 628.4 1 669.1 1 695.1 1 722.4

1 753.4 1 745.0 1 768.3 1 789.6 1 817.8 1 836.2 1 853.6 I 874.2 1 895.1 1 914.6

~. - . -- Natural Town

gas gas PJ PJ

172.4 20.6 189.1 20.0 211.2 19.3 256.1 18.4 283.0 17.2 314.8 16.5 362.5 16.4

415.9 16.4 461.9 14.6 466.2 14.8 490.0 15.5 523.3 15.0 570.7 13.0 588.4 11.5 6?0.5 10.2 627.8 9.5 688.0 8.6

655.7 8.2 678.7 8.4 706.5 9.7 733.4 10.8 776.4 11.0 819.5 10.2 883.9 10.8 934.6 10.5 955.8 10.3 984.9 9.5

1 002.3 10.2 1 030.4 10.2 1 082.0 10.2 1 089.7 9.6 1 116.2 10.3 1 156.7 10.3 1 212.5 10.3 1 224.4 9.7 1 254.3 10.4 1 271.6 10.4

Electricity Total Hydro

PJ PJ

250.5 48.5 266.4 54.4 276.6 55.8 299.2 49.2 31 1.5 52.0 331.2 57.7 348.2 49.6

368.5 53.4 381.9 52.5 383.6 46.5 405.9 46.3 435.5 53.9 457.0 55.8 477.5 52.4 500.7 53.9 532.1 54.1 557.5 53.6

563.6 58.0 573.7 56.8 588.4 61 .O 601.7 60.5 615.1 58.8 637.8 60.7 654.8 59.8 677.2 60.3 691.4 60.6 705.3 60.7

717.6 60.6 730.6 60.8 743.2 61.0 755.5 61.2 767.6 61.9 779.7 62.0 791.9 62.3 803.5 61.8 816.6 62.5 830.5 62.7

Solar energy

PJ

0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8

1 .o 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4

2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 3.0

3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.5

continued on next page

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D I Energy consumption in Australia, by fuel Energy units (Continued)

Production of derived fuels

Coke PJ

144.6 156.2 143.3 138.4 133.0 143.4 134.8 146.5 128.2 99.3 97.8 97.3 101.9 97.2 110.2 119.3 121.4 114.3 114.8 110.7 107.9 110.2 110.3 110.3 101.5 102.0 102.0 102.0 102.0 102.0 102.0 102.0 102.0 102.0 102.0 102.0 102.0

Coal by- products

PJ

103.4 107.0 102.4 96.1 93.8 102.5 91.1 90.7 87.8 70.1 67.4 67.1 68.6 68.3 73.1 78.2 76.0

73.5 77.3 77.4 78.9 77.6 73.4 77.4 69.6 70.5 70.2 70.2 70.2 70.2 70.2 70.2 70.1 70.1 70.1 70.1 70.1

Brown coal briquettes

PJ

26.0 24.4 21.1 23.1 23.7 25.2 27.9 24.1 22.1 16.6 17.0 17.9 18.8 18.3 18.0 :5.7 15.6 15.8 15.9 11.4 12.8 12.6 12.3 12.2 12.2 12.2 12.3

12.3 12.4 12.5 12.5 12.6 12.8 13.1 13.2 13.5 13.7

Petroleum products a

PJ

1 245.7 1 248.6 1 249.9 1 309.9 1 352.0 1 340.6 1 333.7 1 281.6 1 297.7 1 253.9 1 283.0 1 292.5 1 270.6 1 256.8 1 347.8 1 371.7 1 410.8 1 447.1 1 469.2 1 527.2 1 548.3 I 560.9 1 578.9 1 580.3 1 617.7 1 641.7 1658.7 1 687.2 1 695.7 1 716.0 1 733.9 1 759.4 1 776.1 1 790.5 1 807.3 1 825.2 1 841.1

Town gas

PJ

20.6 20.0 19.3 18.4 17.2 16.5 16.4 16.4 14.6 14.8 15.5 15.0 13.0 11.5

Thermal electricity

PJ

203.1 212.0 220.8 249.6 258.9 271 .O 296.3 31 1.7 326.9 336.2 357.9 381.7 399.3 424.4 446.4 477.5 502.5 506.3 517.9 528.1 541.2 556.3 577.1 595.1 616.8 630.8 644.6

657.0 669.7 682.2 694.4 705.7 717.8 729.7 741.7 754.1 767.8

Total energy

consumption b

PJ

2 615.2 2 694.8 2 730.8 2 905.9 2 985.1 3 053.0 3 131.4 3 146.3 3 237.7 3 122.9 3 220.5 3 369.9 3 402.6 3 514.4 3 623.1 3 832.9 3 944.7

3 948.9 3 981.8 4 079.2 4 174.2 4 285.3 4 396.4 4 488.2 4 620.9 4 708.7 4 814.7

4 890.8 4 948.2 5 041 .I 5 115.7 5 192.7 5 262.5 5 305.2 5 369.2 5 433.9 5 506.3

a Production exceeds refinery input since some petroleum products are produced from other petroleum products. b Total energy consumption is the total quantity (in energy units) of primary and derived fuels consumed less the quantity of derived fuels produced. na Not available.

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02 Energy consumption in New South Wales, by fuel Energy units a

Black coal

PJ

467.8 491.3 468.2 501.4 524.0 526.9 560.2

578.5 557.6 528.5 542.0 560.1 578.0 598.1 613.2 651.9 652.3

647.2 654.0 663.9 667.9 683.3 701 .O 709.7 704.5 722.4 734.2

746.2 758.4 752.3 763.0 778.6 788.7 759.7 770.6 765.8 778.1

Wood, Coke woodwaste Bagasse

PJ

-- --

Consumption of fuels

Petroleum Natural products gas

PJ PJ

457.0 454.1 447.0 456.9 10.3 455.2 22.9 447.2 32.8 438.0 50.4

420.4 62.7 415.3 73.0 374.4 77.5 395.7 83.8 403.4 85.5 413.0 93.1 410.1 101.4 430.4 94.5 446.8 95.5 449.7 101.2

453.3 96.4 464.4 96.0 483.4 97.4 490.3 98.6 505.5 108.8 512.2 110.8 504.4 132.2 514.0 132.2 522.3 135.1 528.0 138.4

540.6 141.1 541.4 144.3 547.8 160.9 553 9 164.2 563.3 167.0 569.2 169.2 574.4 185.8 580.7 189.0 587.2 205.7 593.1 208.6

Town gas PJ

18.0 17.6 16.9 16.1 15.0 14.2 14.1

14.0 12.2 12.4 13.2 12.6 10.6 9.2 7.8 7.1 6.1

5.9 6.0 7.4 8.7 8.8 8.3 9.0 9.0 9.0 8.4

9.1 9.1 9.1 8.4 9.1 9.1 9.1 8.4 9.1 9.1

Electricity Total Hydro

PJ PJ

91.9 21.8 98.1 27.0

100.4 28.7 109.1 19.9 11 4.4 22.4 123.1 25.8 132.2 17.2

139.9 20.1 142.8 19.6 138.5 14.5 148.5 15.0 161 .O 19.0 168.8 19.1 176.0 16.2 180.0 16.1 186.3 16.4 195.2 17.1

194.9 22.5 196.8 19.1 202.6 23.9 208.2 20.7 212.2 na 219.1 na 222.9 na 226.0 na 230.6 na 234.7 na

238.8 na 243.1 na 247.2 na 251.3 na 255.1 na 258.8 na 262.9 na 267.1 ' na 271.3 na 276.0 na

Solar energy

PJ

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1

0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7

0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1 .o 1 .o 1.1 1.1

continued on next page

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02 Energy consumption in New South Wales, by fuel Energy units (Continued)

Production of derived fuels

Coke PJ

124.8 136.5 125.0 119.3 118.5 123.0 115.3

122.7 109.0 83.9 76.7 76.4 80.2 74.9 87.0 96.4 98.2

93.0 95.5 92.2 89.1 91.5 91.5 91.6 82.8 83.3 83.3

83.3 83.3 83.3 83.3 83.3 83.3 83.3 83.3 83.3 83.3

Town Thermal electricity

PJ 76.1 76.2 74.4 94.2 98.7

102.3 119.3

122.6 118.7 125.8 137.0 140.5 151.3 156.9 163.1 171.1 179.5

179.1 182.4 189.1 191.8 199.8 207.5 213.9 217.1 223.7 228.0 232.3 236.7 240.8 245.0 248.7 252.4 256.5 260.7 264.9 269.6

Total energy

consumption b

PJ

943.0 964.7 934.0 980.1

1011.2 1 019.3 1 059.0

a Includes ACT. Data concerning refinery input and output, production of petroleum products, and production and consumption of coal byproducts have not been shown in the table due to confidentiality, but are included in totals where appropriate. b Total energy consumption is the total quantity (in energy units) of primary and derived fuels consumed less the quantity of derived fuels produced. na Not available.

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03 Energy consumption in Victoria, by fuel Energy units a

Black coal

PJ

0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Brown coal Coke

PJ PJ

Brown coal wood, briquettes woodwaste

PJ PJ

-- - --

Consumption of fuels

Petroleum products

PJ

341 .8 337.3 331.4 350.1 366.4 366.2 348.9

332.5 326.1 31 4.2 322.6 329.3 332.4 342.5 357.9 368.8 369.7 360.3 357.4 366.8 368.6 382.3 389.4 392.6 399.9 404.8 407.3

41 1 .O 413.8 419.1 420.9 424.9 427.1 429.4 432.0 434.7 437.0

Natural gas PJ

80.6 97.3

112.6 130.9 139.6 157.5 178.5

213.3 238.9 228.5 243.7 224.3 230.4 221.1 218.8 230.0 259.2 231.1 239.1 245.7 232.5 248.7 252.9 261.6 267.5 272.0 276.8

281.5 286.7 292.0 296.0 302.0 320.1 338.7 344.0 349.9 356.6

Town gas PJ

0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6

0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

0.9 1.0 1 .o 1 .o 1 .o 1 .o 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

- - Electricity

Total Hydro PJ PJ

63.9 2.8 68.1 3.6 71.9 2.9 75.9 1.9 77.2 1.9 82.3 2.0 85.0 2.1

91.4 2.4 95.7 2.7 95.2 3.3 97.7 1.9

101.1 1.9 105.0 2.5 112.0 2.5 122.1 3.4 134.8 2.5 137.6 2.9

138.5 2.8 140.0 2.6 142.7 2.6 142.9 4.0 144.6 na 150.0 na 153.4 na 155.9 na 158.4 na 161.0 na

163.6 na 166.2 na 168.7 na 171.2 na 173.5 na 175.8 na 178.3 na 180.7 na 183.2 na 186.1 na

Solar energy

PJ

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

continued on next page

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03 Energy consumption in Victoria, by fuel Energy units (Continued)

Production of derived fuels

Brown coal briquettes

PJ

26.0 24.4 21.1 23.1 23.7 25.2 27.9

24.1 22.1 16.6 17.0 17.9 18.8 18.3 18.0 15.7 15.6

15.8 15.9 11.4 12.8 12.6 12.3 12.2 12.2 12.2 12.3

12.3 12.4 12.5 12.5 12.6 12.8 13.1 13.2 13.5 13.7

Town gas

PJ

0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6

0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8

0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9

0.9 1 .o 1 .o 1 .o 1 .o 1 .o 1.1 1.1 1.1 1 .I

Thermal electricity

PJ

56.0 59.2 65.8 68.3 67.7 72.7 76.0

82.5 94.6 88.7 90.1 98.3 99.8

111.1 118.3 129.7 132.9

136.7 137.0 133.8 138.1 137.6 143.2 146.8 149.5 152.2 154.9

157.7 160.5 163.1 165.6 167.9 170.2 172.6 175.0 177.6 180.5

Total energy

consumption b PJ

710.9 731 .O 752.8 802.3 823.3 857.5 869.4

880.8 939.4 896.5 904.9 936.2 926.4 979.5

1 014.5 1 090.3 1 099.8

1 090.6 1 107.6 1 102.5 1 105.1 1 123.0 1 149.5 1 171.5 1 194.0 1 210.1 1 230.8

1 249.4 1 264.9 1 287.9 1 303.1 1319.1 1 322.1 1 324.9 1 338.6 1 356.2 1 375.1

a Data concerning refinery input and output, production of petroleum products, and production and conSumption of coal byproducts have not been shown in the table due to confidentiality, but are included in totals where appropriate. b Total energy consumption is the total quantity (in energy units) of primary and derived fuels consumed less the quantity of derived fuels produced. na Not available.

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0 4 Energy consumption in Queensland, by fuel Energy units a

- -- Consumption of fuels

Black Wood, Bagasse Petroleum Natural Town Electricity Solar coal Coke woodwaste products gas gas Total Hydro energy

continued on next page

Page 144: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),

0 4 Energy consumption in Queensland, by fuel Energy units (Continued)

Production of derived fuels Total Town Thermal energy

Coke gas electricity consumption b

PJ PJ PJ PJ

1973-74 0.9 1.3 28.8 371.3 1974-75 1 .O 1.3 31.8 392.6 1975-76 0.8 1.3 32.7 410.0 1976-77 0.6 1.3 35.6 441.8 1977-78 0.8 1.3 38.9 461.2 1978-79 0.9 1.3 40.6 463.1 1979-80 0.9 1.3 43.5 480.1

1980-81 1.1 1.3 46.4 502.9 1981 -82 0.9 1.3 50.6 537.2 1982-83 1 .O 1.3 57.1 541.6 1983-84 1.1 1.2 65.7 570.9 1984-85 0.9 1.2 72.7 599.4 1985-86 1.2 1.2 75.4 604.8 1986-87 1 .O 1.2 81.2 620.0 1987-88 1.1 1.4 85.4 642.4 1988-89 1.1 1.4 90.0 678.2 1989-90 1.0 1.4 96.2 691.7

1990-91 1.2 1.4 99.5 701.9 1991 -92 1.4 1.4 105.5 714.8 1992-93 1.2 1.4 110.0 758.3 1993-94 1.2 1.2 112.7 788.7 1994-95 1.2 1.2 116.4 814.5 1995-96 1.2 0.9 119.2 828.4 1996-97 1.2 0.7 124.7 851.5 1997-98 1.2 0.5 137.5 901 .O 1998-99 1.2 0.2 139.4 913.3 1999-00 1.2 143.8 938.4

2000-01 1.2 147.0 955.7 2001 -02 1.2 150.5 967.4 2002-03 1.2 153.6 983.2 2003-04 1.2 157.0 999.8 2004-05 1.2 160.3 1 017.4 2005-06 1.2 163.4 1 033.3 2006-07 1.2 166.6 1 050.0 2007-08 1.2 169.9 1 067.6 2008-09 1.2 173.3 1 084.7 2009-1 0 1.2 177.1 1 102.3

a Data concerning refinery input and output and production of petroleum products have not been shown in the table due to confidentiality, but are included in totals where appropriate. b Total energy consumption is the total quantity (in energy units) of primary and derived fuels consumed less the quantity of derived fuels produced. na Not available.

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05 Energy consumption in Western Australia, by fuel Energy units a

Consum~tion of fuels Black Wood, Petroleum Natural Town Electricity Solar

coal Coke woodwaste Bagasse products gas gas Total Hydro energy

continued on next page

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05 Energy consumption in Western Australia, by fuel Energy units (Continued)

Production of derived fuels

Town Thermal gas electricity PJ PJ

Total energy

consumption b

PJ 272.6 279.6 296.5 321.9 328.2 335.8 334.1

322.0 300.1 304.6 313.9 343.1 344.8 358.4 391.1 427.7 473.0

488.5 496.3 521.2 553.4 568.1 598.8 622.0 671.8 699.8 730.8

741.3 753.0 784.6 797.3 808.6 837.2 867.8 877.5 888.5 899.6

a Data concerning refinery input and output, production of petroleum products, and production and consumption of coal byproducts have not been shown in the table due to confidentiality, but are included in totals wbre appropriate. b Total energy consumption is the total quantity (in energy units) of primary and derived fuels consumed less the quantity of derived fuels produced. na Not available.

Page 147: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),

- -

D6 Energy ~nrunlption in South Australia, by furl Energy units a

Consumption of fuels Black Wood, Petroleum ~ a t u r r Town Total Solar

coal PJ

55.2 59.1 57.9 57.5 47.8 54.0 53.1 59.4 49.1 42.1 48.4 54.8 66.4

Coke woodwaste PJ PJ

17.0 10.0 16.5 9.9 14.6 9.8 16.2 7.7 12.6 7.6 19.8 7.6 19.7 7.9 14.5 8.2 16.8 8.1 15.5 8.6 18.3 8.1 18.3 8.4 17.6 9.0 18.6 9.1 18.7 9.2 17.4 9.4 17.0 9.7

16.8 10.2 19.1 10.5 17.9 11.2 17.8 12.8 17.8 12.6 17.8 12.7 17.8 12.7 17.8 12.7 17.8 12.7 17.9 12.7

17.9 12.7 17.9 12.7 17.9 12.7 17.9 12.6 17.9 12.6 17.9 12.6 17.9 12.6 17.9 12.6 17.9 12.6 17.9 12.5

products P J

104.2 106.5 113.1 114.3 115.9 117.3 115.1 104.4 101.2 98.5 98.1

100.2 102.2 103.9 103.5 110.3 109.0 107.2 108.3 111.2 111.4 114.6 115.7 113.8 114.8 116.2 117.1

118.0 118.6 119.5 120.4 121.5 121.5 122.0 122.6 123.3 123.7

electricity PJ

19.7 20.4 21.5 23.5 24.5 25.0 25.5 26.9 27.5 28.4 27.7 29.4 30.2 30.4 31.8 33.4 34.8

35.0 35.4 36. I 36.9 38.0 38.8 39.6 40.3 41.1 41.7

42.5 43.1 43.8 44.5 45.1 45.6 46.3 46.9 47.6 48.3

energy PJ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

continued on next page

Page 148: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),
Page 149: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),

07 Energy consumption in Tasmania, by fuel Energy units a

Black coal

PJ

2.4 2.5 3.0 4.3 4.0 4.3 4.3

4.8 6.2 7.9 7.1 8.1 9.1 8.9 9.5

10.4 10.0

10.0 9.1 8.3 9.7

10.3 10.5 11.4 11.5 11.5 11.6

11.6 11.7 11.7 15.0 15.0 15.1 15.1 15.2 15.2 15.3

- . - - --- Wood,

woodwaste PJ

6.5 6.3 6.1 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.1

6.4 6.9 7.0 8.0

Consumption of fuels

Petroleum Town products gas

PJ PJ

41.1 0.2 40.2 0.2 40.7 0.2 41.3 0.2 41.2 0.1 42.3 0.1 43.5 0.1

41.7 0.1 42.1 0.1 38.4 0.1 38.7 0.1 37.2 0.1 36.0 0.1 35.0 0.1 35.5 0.1 36.2 0.1 43.0 0.1

44.9 0.1 34.5 0.1 36.3 0.1 36.4 0.1 36.3 0.1 37.1 0.1 36.6 0.1 37.1 0.1 38.3 0.1 37.6 0.1

37.7 G.1 37.9 0.1 38.1 0.1 38.4 0.1 38.6 0.1 38.7 0.1 38.7 0.1 38.7 0.1 38.8 0.1 38.9 0.1

-- Electricity

Total Hydro

continued on next page

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D7 Energy consumption in Tasmania, by fuel Energy units (Continued)

Production of derived fuels

Coke b

PJ

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Town gas

PJ

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Thermal electricity

PJ 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.3

0.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1 .o 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.9 3.1

4.1 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Total energy

consumption c

PJ

71.9 71.3 71.9 77.0 78.4 82.0 84.6 83.3 84.5 82.3 83.3 85.0 86.4 85.4 89.5 92.0 96.6

97.6 89.3 90.1 91.3 91.7 95.4 96.6 97.7 99.2 98.7

98.8 99.2 99.6

103.3 104.2 104.4 104.6 104.8 105.1 105.3

a Data concerning refinery input and output and production of petroleum products have not been shown in the table due to confidentiality, but are included in totals where appropriate. b Coke consumption has not been published due to confidentiality restrictions. c Total energy consumption is the total quantity (in energy units) of primary and derived fuels consumed less the quantity of derived fuels produced. na Not available.

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08 Energy consumption in Northern Territory, by fuel Energy units a -- -

Consumption of fuels

Wood, Petroleum Natural Solar Total woodwaste products gas energy electricity

PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ

Production of derived fuels Thermal

electricity PJ 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.8 3.0 4.0

Total energy

consumption b

PJ 30.1 32.8 31.2 33.6 35.1 35.7 40.0

a Data concerning refinery input and output and production of petroleum products have not been shown in the table due to confidentiality, but are included in totals where appropriate. b Total energy consumption is the total quantity (in energy units) of primary and derived fuels consumed less the quantity of derived fuels produced. na Not available.

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--

) $ ' I E2 Energy consumption in New South Wales, by fuel Material units a I E I Energy consumption in Australia, by fuel Material units

2 2 I Consumption of fuels

Black coal

kt 26 230 28 758 28 420 30 534 31 571 32 093 34 461 36 212 35 186 35 467 37 666 40 108 41 665 43 229 44 563 47 613 49 298

49 494 50 859 51 925 52 678 53 682 54 730 55 624 57 128 58 996 60 345

60 993 62 484 62 634 63 548 64 527 65 642 65 053 66 031 66 220 67 251

Brown coal

kt 26 441 27 542 29 212 30 994 30 473 32 101 32 895

32 103 37 567 34 708 33 257 38 380 36 075 41 804 43 399 48 289 45 989

49 386 50 723 47 648 49 980 48 315 50 436 51 659 52 754 53 455

.54 825

55 972 56 955 58 247 59 256 59 734 58 005 55 920 56 603 57 540 58 585

Coke kt

5 176 5 518 5 021 4 922 4 824 5 263 5 080 4 311 4 633 3 588 3 535 3 520 3 315 3 199 3 058 3 197 4 215

4 187 3 555 3 466 3 570 4 033 4 055 4 050 3 635 3 558 3 662

3 651 3 663 3 664 3 665 3 666 3 667 3 668 3 669 3 670 3 671

Coal by- products a

Brown coal briquettes

Wood, woodwaste

kt 5 801 5 646 5 493 5 178 5 115 5 179 5 286 5 322 5 328 5 396 5 406 5 445 5 563 5 639 5 754 5 964 6 215

6 357 6 441 6 652 6811 6 829 6 829 6 837 6 829 6 819 6 808

6 789 6 769 6 746 6 718 6 694 6 579 6 540 6 503 6 465 6 422

Bagasse M

Refinery input a

PJ 1 230 1 232 1 234 1 290 1 331 1 320 1313

1 262 1 276 1 236 1 261 1 268 1 247 1 233 1 322 1 346 1 386

1 421 1 440 1 495 1513 1 522 1 537 1 535 1 573 1 596 1615

1 642 1 651 1 671 1 691 1715 1 732 1 746 1 764 1 781 1 796

Petroleum products

ML

36 580 36 629 36 984 39 021 39 796 39 906 39 308 37 931 37 669 35 506 36 919 37 193 37 249 37 672 39 385 41 163 41 685

41 474 41 818 43 330 44 428 45 932 46 682 46 540 47 672 48 417 49 134

50 021 49 873 50 537 51 120 51 923 52 417 52 905 53 459 54 054 54 588

Natural gas GL

4 449 4 881 5 449 6 501 7 182 8 008 9 241

10 658 11 798 11 922 12 486 13 367 14 690 15 075 15 679 16 153 17 684

16 734 17 284 18 038 18 820 19 900 21 010 22 491 24 189 24 739 25 476

25 935 26 632 27 974 28 435 28 864 29 933 31 378 31 698 32 480 32 930

Town gas GL

930 884 856 823 762 738 727

- Electricity

Total Hydro GWh GWh

69 569 13 465 74 002 15 105 76 828 15 509 83 110 13 670 86 539 14 458 92 002 16 035 96 723 13 782

Solar energy

GWh

30 39 53 75

109 158 226

286 353 431 503 587 692 668 668 668 668

669 670 670 669 669 683 71 1 747 78 1 81 9

853 894 933 967

1 006 1 069 1133 1 181 1219 1 244

continued on next page

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..-. . - .

E2 Energy consumption in New South Wales, by fuel Material units (cotztltzrred)

- Production of derived fuels Town Thermal

Coke gas electricity kt GL GWh

1973-74 4 624 810 21 143 1974-75 5 057 776 21 164 1975-76 4 629 745 20 671 1976-77 4 418 714 26 161 1977-78 4 389 661 27 41 2 1978-79 4 557 632 28 427 1979-80 4 271 61 5 33 146 1980-81 4 542 601 34 066 1981-82 4 037 545 32 965 1982-83 3 109 533 34 949 1983-84 2 839 522 38 066 1984-85 2 828 484 39 024 1985-86 2 971 402 42 023 1986-87 2 772 34 1 43 594 1987-88 3 222 273 45 305 1988-89 3 570 225 47 532 1989-90 3 638 177 49 859 1990-91 3 443 156 49 756 1991 -92 3 536 159 50 656 1992-93 3 414 193 52 526 1993-94 3 300 227 53 273 1994-95 3 387 23 1 55 486 1995-96 3 390 21 7 57 651 1996-97 3 391 237 59 405 1997-98 3 065 237 60 295 1998-99 3 084 237 62 131 1999-00 3 083 221 63 319 2000-01 3 083 238 64 524 2001 -02 3 083 238 65 758 2002-03 3 083 238 66 885 2003-04 3 083 222 68 044 2004-05 3 083 239 69 076 2005-06 3 083 239 70 104 2006-07 3 083 239 71 259 2007-08 3 083 222 72 413 2008-09 3 083 240 73 595 2009-1 0 3 083 240 74 891 -- a Includes ACT. Data concerning refinery input and output, production of petroleum products, and production and consumption of coal byproducts have not been shown in the table due to confidentiality. b Consumption of Petroleum products is equal to gross consumption of all petroleum products and does not net off the petroleum products produced from other petroleum products.

Page 154: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),

E I Energy consumption in Australia, by fuel Material units

Consumption of fuels

Black coal

M 26 230 28 758 28 420 30 534 31 571 32 093 34 461

36 212 35 186 35 467 37 666 40 108 41 665 43 229 44 563 47 613 49 298

49 494 50 859 51 925 52 678 53 682 54 730 55 624 57 128 58 996 60 345

60 993 62 484 62 634 63 548 64 527 65 642 65 053 66 031 66 220 67 251

Brown coal

M 26 441 27 542 29 212 30 994 30 473 32 101 32 895 32 103 37 567 34 708 33 257 38 380 36 075 41 804 43 399 48 289 45 989

49 386 50 723 47 648 49 980 48 315 50 436 51 659 52 754 53 455

.54 825

55 972 56 955 58 247 59 256 59 734 58 005 55 920 56 603 57 540 58 585

Coke M

5 176 5 518 5 021 4 922 4 824 5 263 5 080

4 311 4 633 3 588 3 535 3 520 3 315 3 199 3 058 3 197 4 215

4 187 3 555 3 466 3 570 4 033 4 055 4 050 3 635 3 558 3 662

3 651 3 663 3 664 3 665 3 666 3 667 3 668 3 669 3 670 3 671

Coal by- products a

PJ

103 107 102 96 94

102 91

91 88 70 67 67 69 68 73 78 76

73 77 77 79 78 73 77 70 70 70

70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70

Brown coal briquettes

M 1 145 1 091

942 1014 1013 1 073 1 206

1 076 895 670 752 716 748 790 71 9 686 783

712 625 576 554 50 1 485 480 474 475 476

477 478 480 482 484 492 500 507 515 524

Wood, woodwaste

M 5 801 5 646 5 493 5 178 5 115 5 179 5 286

5 322 5 328 5 396 5 406 5 445 5 563 5 639 5 754 5 964 6 215

6 357 6 441 6 652 6 811 6 829 6 829 6 837 6 829 6 819 6 808

6 789 6 769 6 746 6 718 6 694 6 579 6 540 6 503 6 465 6 422

Bagasse kt

5 896 6 241 6 592 7 136 7 140 6 269 6 318

7 170 7 755 7 525 7 223 7 625 7 473 7 677 7 726 8 445 8 529

8 182 6 647 8 159 8 837 9 354 9 454 9 763 9 859 9 961

10 086

10 212 10 341 10 470 10 602 10 737 10 871 11 009 11 170 11 290 11 434

Refinery input a

PJ 1 230 1 232 1 234 1 290 1 331 1 320 1313

1 262 1 276 1 236 1 261 1 268 1 247 1 233 1 322 1 346 1 386

1 421 1 440 1 495 1 513 1 522 1 537 1 535 1 573 1 596 1615

1 642 1 651 1 671 1 691 1715 1 732 1 746 1 764 1 781 1 796

Petroleum products

ML 36 580 36 629 36 984 39 021 39 796 39 906 39 308 37 931 37 669 35 506 36 919 37 193 37 249 37 672 39 385 41 163 41 685

41 474 41 818 43 330 44 428 45 932 46 682 46 540 47 672 48 417 49 134

50 021 49 873 50 537 51 120 51 923 52 417 52 905 53 459 54 054 54 588

Natural gas GL

4 449 4 881 5 449 6 501 7 182 8 008 9 241

10 658 11 798 11 922 12 486 13 367 14 690 15 075 15 679 16 153 17 684

16 734 17 284 18 038 18 820 19 900 21 010 22 491 24 189 24 739 25 476

25 935 26 632 27 974 28 435 28 864 29 933 31 378 31 698 32 480 32 930

Town gas GL

930 884 856 823 762 738 727

716 660 651 625 592 507 441 385 336 292

264 269 303 325 330 305 31 5 303 293 266

284 285 286 270 289 290 291 275 293 294

- - -

Electricity Solar Total Hydro energy GWh GWh GWh

69 569 13 465 30 74 002 15 105 39 76 828 15 509 53 83 110 13 670 75 86 539 14 458 109 92 002 16 035 158 96 723 13 782 226

102 360 14 827 286 106 065 14 572 353 106 542 12 914 431 112 751 12 888 503 120 960 14 966 587 126 936 15 514 692 132 625 14 550 668 139 079 14 964 668 147 788 15 030 668 154 847 14 880 668

156 639 16 103 669 159 447 15 768 670 163 544 16 953 670 167 143 16 818 669 170 857 16 793 669 177 166 17 050 683 181 892 16 796 71 1 188 100 16 950 747 192 038 17 017 78 1 195 910 17 064 81 9

199 339 17 035 853 202 932 17 087 894 206 436 17 133 933 209 866 17 187 967 21 3 209 17 378 1 006 216 589 17214 1069 21 9 980 16994 1133 223 201 17 174 1181 226 843 17362 1219 230 682 17 405 1 244

continued on next page

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I Energy consumption in Australia, by fuel Material units

Black coal

kt 26 230 28 758 28 420 30 534 31 571 32 093 34 461

36 212 35 186 35 467 37 666 40 108 41 665 43 229 44 563 47 613 49 298 49 494 50 859 51 925 52 678 53 682 54 730 55 624 57 128 58 996 60 345

60 993 62 484 62 634 63 548 64 527 65 642 65 053 66 031 66 220 67 251

Brown coal

M

26 441 27 542 29 212 30 994 30 473 32 101 32 895

32 103 37 567 34 708 33 257 38 380 36 075 41 804 43 399 48 289 45 989 49 386 50 723 47 648 49 980 48 315 50 436 51 659 52 754 53 455 54 825 55 972 56 955 58 247 59 256 59 734 58 005 55 920 56 603 57 540 58 585

Coke

kt 5 176 5 518 5 021 4 922 4 824 5 263 5 080

4 311 4 633 3 588 3 535 3 520 3 315 3 199 3 058 3 197 4 215 4 187 3 555 3 466 3 570 4 033 4 055 4 050 3 635 3 558 3 662 3 651 3 663 3 664 3 665 3 666 3 667 3 668 3 669 3 670 3 671

Coal by- products a

P J

103 107 102 96 94

102 91 91 88 70 67 67 69 68 73 78 76 73 77 77 79 78 73 77 70 70 70

70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70

-. - Brown coal briquettes

kt

1 145 1 091

942 1014 1013 1 073 1 206

~- -- .-. -- -- .

Wood, woodwaste

Consumption of fuels -- -- - - - - --

Refinery Bagasse input a

kt PJ 5 896 1 230 6 241 1 232 6 592 1 234 7 136 1 290 7 140 1 331 6 269 1 320 6 318 1313

7 170 1 262 7 755 1 276 7 525 1 236 7 223 1 261 7 625 1 268 7 473 1 247 7 677 1 233 7 726 1 322 8 445 1 346 8 529 1 386 8 182 1 421 6 647 1 440 8 159 1 495 8 837 1513 9 354 1 522 9 454 1 537 9 763 1 535 9 859 1 573 9 961 1 596

10 086 1615

10 212 1 642 10 341 1 651 10 470 1 671 10 602 1 691 10 737 1715 10 871 1 732 11 009 1 746 11 170 1 764 11 290 1 781 11 434 1 796

Petroleum products

ML 36 580 36 629 36 984 39 021 39 796 39 906 39 308

Natural Town gas gas GL GL

4 449 930 4 881 884 5 449 856 6 501 823 7 182 762 8 008 738 9 241 727

- Electricity

Total Hydro GWh GWh

69 569 13 465 74 002 15 105 76 828 15 509 83 110 13 670 86 539 14 458 92 002 16 035 96 723 13 782

102 360 14 827 106 065 14 572 106 542 12 914 112 751 12 888 120 960 14 966 126 936 15 514 132 625 14 550 139 079 14 964 147 788 15 030 154 847 14 880

156 639 16 103 159 447 15 768 163 544 16 953 167 143 16 818 170 857 16 793 177 166 17 050 181 892 16 796 188 100 16 950 192 038 17 017 195 910 17 064

199 339 17 035 202 932 17 087 206 436 17 133 209 866 17 187 21 3 209 17 378 21 6 589 17 214 219 980 16 994 223 201 17 174 226 843 17 362 230 682 17 405

Solar energy

GWh

30 39 53 75

109 158 226

286 353 431 503 587 692 668 668 668 668

669 670 670 669 669 683 71 1 747 781 81 9

853 894 933 967

l 006 1069 1 133 1 181 1219 1 244

continued on next ,page

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E ' Energy consumption in New South Wales, by fuel Material units a

Consumption of fuels

Black Wood, Petroleum Natural Town Electricity coal Coke woodwaste Bagasse products b gas gas Total Hydro

M kt kt M ML GL GL GWh GWh

1973-74 17 657 4 023 1 474 383 12 579 810 25 518 6 052 1974-75 18 670 4 358 1418 288 12 575 776 27 250 7 489 1975-76 17 904 3 801 1 371 255 12 405 745 27 879 7 986 1976-77 19 443 3 750 1 337 301 12 643 261 714 30 309 5 529 1977-78 20 422 3 696 1 285 321 12 591 583 661 31 787 6 231 1978-79 20 61 7 3 738 1 309 357 12 388 835 632 34 201 7 169 1979-80 21 997 3 689 1 341 367 12 243 1 285 61 5 36 709 4 786

1980-81 22 857 3 312 1 359 412 11 777 1610 601 38 847 5 586 1981-82 21 619 3 887 1 376 384 11 769 1 866 545 39 668 5 455 1982-83 21 01 1 2 893 1 405 463 10 577 1 981 533 38 477 4 029 1983-84 21 586 2 741 1 507 431 11 237 2 167 522 41 255 4 161 1984-85 22 480 2 703 1 552 431 11 537 2 254 484 44 715 5 288 1985-86 23 562 2 538 1 590 457 11 828 2 489 402 46 901 5 310 1986-87 24 266 2 392 1 624 427 11 802 2 721 341 48 900 4 487 1987-88 24 870 2 220 1 657 406 12 435 2 538 273 50 012 4 463 1988-89 26 335 2 418 1 688 41 5 12 882 2 548 225 51 741 4 568 1989-90 26 328 3 464 1 754 414 13 041 2 659 178 54 216 4 741

1990-91 25 928 3 446 1 805 440 13 127 2 508 157 54 140 6 237 1991-92 26 296 2 711 1 888 380 13 490 2 490 159 54 658 5 298 1992-93 26 732 2 680 1 950 465 14 097 2 526 193 56 277 6 642 1993-94 27 122 2 784 1 960 455 14 360 2 620 227 57 841 5 742 1994-95 27 752 3 246 1 965 455 14 796 2 890 231 58 937 na 1995-96 28 490 3 268 1 959 464 14 985 2 942 217 60 851 na 1996-97 28 895 3 262 1 954 544 14 681 3 337 237 61 925 na 1997-98 28 785 2 848 1 948 550 14 954 3 338 237 62 766 na 1998-99 29 543 2 769 1 941 561 15 192 3 417 237 64 051 na 1999-00 30 041 2 873 1 934 561 15 334 3 502 221 65 190 na

2000-01 30 557 2 861 1 925 561 15 709 3 579 238 66 345 na 2001-02 31 076 2 872 1914 561 15 741 3 663 238 67 529 na 2002-03 30 788 2 873 1 903 561 15 926 4 104 238 68 655 na 2003-04 31 222 2 873 1 890 561 16 083 4 192 222 69 805 na 2004-05 31 756 2 874 1 877 561 16 362 4 264 239 70 849 na 2005-06 32 1 13 2 874 1 856 561 16 520 4 323 239 71 875 na 2006-07 30 861 2 875 1 839 561 16 665 4 765 239 73 029 na 2007-08 31 310 2 875 1 824 561 16 824 4 849 222 74 183 na 2008-09 31 101 2 875 1 809 561 17 017 5 291 240 75 364 na 2009-10 31 618 2 876 1 792 561 17 180 5 370 240 76 662 na

Solar energy

GWh

3 4 5 8

13 21 35

51 69 92

114 142 179 170 170 170 170

170 170 170 170 169 172 178 186 194 203

21 1 21 9 228 236 244 261 275 286 294 297

continued on next page

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E;! Energy consumption in New South Wales, by fuel Material units (contirt~led)

Coke kt

4 624 5 057 4 629 4 418 4 389 4 557 4 271

4 542 4 037 3 109 2 839 2 828 2 971 2 772 3 222 3 570 3 638

3 443 3 536 3 414 3 300 3 387 3 390 3 391 3 065 3 084 3 083

3 083 3 083 3 083 3 083 3 083 3 083 3 083 3 083 3 083 3 083

Production of derived fuels

Town Thermal electricity

GWh 21 143 21 164 20 671 26 161 27 412 28 427 33 146

34 066 32 965 34 949 38 066 39 024 42 023 43 594 45 305 47 532 49 859

49 756 50 656 52 526 53 273 55 486 57 651 59 405 60 295 62 131 63 319

64 524 65 758 66 885 68 044 69 076 70 104 71 259 72 413 73 595 74 891

- -----

a Includes ACT. Data concerning refinery input and output, production of petroleum products, and production and consumption of coal byproducts have not been shown in the table due to confidentiality. b Consumption of petroleum products is equal to gross consumption of all petroleum products and does not net off the petroleum products produced from other petroleum products.

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E3 Energy consumption in Victoria, by fuel Material units a

Black Brown coal coal

kt kt

1 1 26 441 3 27 542 3 29 212 4 30 994 2 30 473 2 32101 4 32895

4 32 103 5 37 567 3 34 708 4 33 257 4 38 380 4 36 075 3 41804 9 43 399 2 48 289 2 45 989

0 49 386 0 50 723 0 47 648 0 49 980 0 48315 0 50 436 0 51 659 0 52 754 0 53 455 0 54 825

0 55 972 0 56 955 0 58 247 0 59 256 0 59 734 0 58 005 0 55 920 0 56 603 0 57 540 0 58 585

Consumption of 1 uels

Brown coal Wood, Petroleum Coke briquettes woodwaste products b

kt kt kt ML 19 1 145 1 908 9 462 20 I 091 I 874 9 386 20 942 1 827 9 258 20 1014 1 739 9 859 2 1 1013 1 764 10 302 25 1 073 1 786 10 334 27 1 206 1 793 9 881

18 1 076 1 853 9 445 18 895 1 921 9 295 11 670 1 979 8 984 10 752 1 885 9 261 10 71 6 1 822 9 483 9 748 1 856 9 586 8 790 1 871 9 883 8 719 1 834 10 349 9 686 1 870 10 681 4 712 1 953 10 639

4 641 1 960 10 441 3 555 1 981 10 543 3 505 2 031 10 706 3 483 2 064 10 756 4 501 2 070 11 228 4 485 2 064 1 1 538 4 480 2 058 1 1 681 4 474 2 051 11 884 4 475 2 044 12 026 4 47 6 2 037 12 100

4 477 2 028 12 208 4 478 2 018 12 293 4 480 2 008 12 446 4 482 1 997 12 504 4 484 1 987 12 622 5 492 I 902 12 688 5 500 1 886 12 757 5 507 1 869 12 836 5 515 1 851 12 919 5 524 1 832 12 989

Natural Town Electricity Solar gas gas Total Hydro energy GL GL GWh GWh GWh

2 056 24 17 761 773 1 2 478 25 18 922 991 1 2 866 29 19 962 810 1 3 274 26 21 078 538 1 3 495 25 21 449 515 2 3 954 26 22 873 557 3 4 494 32 23 597 584 3

5 403 32 25 398 670 4 6 069 32 26 587 737 6 5 799 35 26 457 929 8 6 132 29 27 151 532 13 5 616 32 28 079 525 21 5 802 33 29 176 697 36 5 576 27 31 123 706 35 5 529 26 33 909 945 35 5 798 28 37 435 688 35 6 563 31 38 226 803 35

5 844 32 38 476 763 35 6 037 34 39 007 734 35 6 219 35 39 643 713 35 5 876 31 39 689 1117 35 6 268 32 40 168 na 36 6 378 33 41 667 na 36 6 571 34 42 605 na 36 6 726 34 43 312 na 39 6 843 35 43 998 na 39 6 967 36 44 715 na 42

7 090 37 45 430 na 42 7 225 38 46 153 na 44 7 362 39 46 870 na 47 7 466 40 47 565 na 47 7 621 4 1 48 203 na 50 8 100 42 48 839 na 53 8 580 42 49 522 na 56 8 719 43 50 188 na 56 8 872 44 50 901 na 58 9 043 45 51 697 na 58

continued on next page

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E3 Energy consumption in Victoria, by fuel Material units (continued) - - - - - - -

Production of derived fuels

Brown coal Town Thermal briquettes gas electricity

kt GL GWh

1973-74 1 164 24 15 544 1974-75 1 092 25 16 448 1975-76 946 29 18 288 1976-77 1 035 26 18 971 1977-78 7 064 25 18 816 1978-79 1 131 26 20 184 1979-80 1 253 32 21 103 1980-81 1 082 32 22 904 1981 -82 993 32 26 266 1982-83 745 35 24 627 1983-84 760 29 25 030 1984-85 802 32 27 293 1985-86 850 33 27 723 1986-87 828 27 30 855 1987-88 813 26 32 873 1988-89 71 1 28 36 028 1989-90 706 31 36 926 1990-91 71 5 32 37 961 19911-92 72 1 34 38 057 1992-93 516 35 37 174 1993-94 580 31 38 350 1994-95 572 32 38 228 1995-96 558 33 39 781 1996-97 554 34 40 768 1997-98 550 34 41 531 1998-99 552 35 42 267 1999-00 555 36 43 037 2000-01 557 37 43 802 2001-02 560 38 44 579 2002-03 564 39 45 297 2003-04 567 40 45 993 2004-05 571 41 46 631 2005-06 581 42 47 270 2006-07 591 42 47 952 2007-08 599 43 48 620 2008-09 609 44 49 341 2009-1 0 620 45 50 137

a Data concerning refinery input and output, production of petroleum products, and production and consumption of coal byproducts have not been shown in the table due to confidentiality. b Consumption of petroleum products is equal to gross consumption of all petroleum products and does not net off the petroleum products produced from other petroleum products.

Page 160: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),

E4 Energy consumption in Queensland, by fuel Material units a

Black coal

kt

4 679 5 256 5 344 5 790 6 066 6 183 6 655

7 080 7 083 8 504 9 865

10 433 11 002 11 963 12 233 12 892 13 575 13 874 14 627 15 222 15 832 16 459 16 524 16 799 18 219 18 663 19 066

19 189 19 401 19 659 19 924 20 228 20 559 20 909 21 262 21 588 21 950

Coke kt

30 29 32 28 28 34 33

31 37 39 42 45 39 45 44 43 42

42 43 43 44 44 45 45 45 46 46

47 47 48 48 49 49 49 50 50 51

Wood, woodwaste Bagasse

kt 5 513 5 953 6 336 6 835 6 819 5 912 5 952

6 758 7 370 7 062 6 792 7 195 7 016 7 250 7 320 8 030 8 115

7 742 6 266 7 694 8 382 8 899 8 990 9 079 9 169 9 260 9 385 9511 9 640 9 769 9 901

10 036 10 170 10 308 10 469 10 589 10 733

Consumption of fuels

Petroleum Natural products gas

ML GL

4 879 303 5 041 258 5 354 238 5 789 237 5 935 277 6 056 280 6 161 31 3

6 265 338 6 591 356 6 166 434 6 412 434 6 536 479 6 632 517 6 801 524 7 177 60 1 7 636 54 1 7 752 590

7 564 977 7 791 1016 8 159 1 022 8 595 1 155 8 898 1 162 9 093 1 253 9 276 1 437 9 688 1 446 9 844 1 461

10 197 1 472

10 447 1 490 10 563 1 507 10 754 1 525 10 943 1 541 11 167 1 557 11 329 1 566 11 495 1 581 11 684 1 597 11 862 1614 12 035 1 631

Town gas GL 61 6 1 60 61 6 1 61 61 61 63 63 57 60 59 60 71 69 69

69 69 67 59 59 47 35 24 12

Electricity Total Hydro GWh GWh

8 688 777 9 430 694 9 779 804

10 612 814 11 297 598 11 880 710 12 459 569

13 493 727 14 632 720 16 116 428 18 541 480 20 614 1118 22 249 1 123 23 325 979 24 294 770 25 658 874 27 458 978

28 404 1 027 29 801 758 30 969 685 32 023 1 037 33 108 1 050 33 869 1 050 35 380 1 050 38 921 1 050 39 948 1 050 41 138 1 050

42 038 1 050 42 993 1 050 43 839 1 050 44 773 1 050 45 648 1 050 46 495 1 050 47 388 1 050 48 143 1 050 49 219 1 050 50 239 1 050

Solar energy

GWh

3 4 5 8

12 20 32 44 56 69 81 94

109 105 105 105 105

105 105 105 105 106 108 114 119 125 133

139 147 153 161 167 178 189 197 206 21 1

continued on next page

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E4 Energy consumption in Queensland, by fuel Material units (continued)

Production of derived fuels

Town Thermal Coke gas electricity

GWh 7 993 8 833 9 077 9 897

10 803 11 273 12 095

12 895 14 068 15 849 18 255 20 188 20 941 22 545 23 732 25 006 26 727 27 641 29 294 30 541 31 267 32 339 33 112 34 634 38 188 38 730 39 932

40 845 41 815 42 674 43 623 44 513 45 377 46 284 47 206 48 150 49 185

a Data concerning refinery input and output and production of petroleum products have not been shown in the table due to confidentiality.

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€5 Energy consumption in Western Australia, by fuel Material units a

Black coal

kt

1 164 1 830 2 153 2 287 2 339 2411 2 919

3 167 3 262 3 440 3 601 4 176 3 230 3 071 3 096 3 993 4 750

5 538 5 639 5 798 5 599 5 257 5 466 5 690 5 957 6 702 7 065

7 125 7 191 7 308 7 379 7 548 7 985 8 308 8 480

Wood, Coke woodwaste Bagasse

M M kt 439 733 464 701 590 685 486 628 547 603 652 610 510 621

334 586 530 526 522 537 503 503 54 1 597 633 656 622 638 651 657 661 663 140 666 140 668 140 670 140

733 140 673 140 674 140 674 140 675 140 675 140 674 140 674 140 674 140 673 140

Consumption of fuels

Petroleum Natural Town Electricity Solar products gas gas Total Hydro energy

GWh

5 439 5 989 6 508 6 986 7 228 7 492 7 734

7 885 8 199 8 365 8 647 9 710

10 321 10 881 11 455 12 848 14 261

14 809 15 185 15 612 16 287 17 054 18 043 18 807 19 467 20 051 20 571

20 976 21 387 21 907 22 254 22 620 23 164 23 599 23 969

GWh

13 13 10 1 1

60 61

60 1 2 0 2 3 0

GWh 20 26 35 50 69 94

125

146 178 213 238 265 295 290 290 290 290

290 290 290 290 289 297 308 325 342 358

375 394 41 1 428 444 472 503 525

continued on next page

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E5 Energy consumption in Western Australia, by fuel Material units (continued)

Production of derived fuels

Town Thermal aas electricity

GWh

a Includes ACT. Data concerning refinery input and output, production of petroleum products, and production and consumption of coal byproducts have not been shown in the table due to confidentiality.

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E6 Energy consumption in South Australia, by fuel Material units a

Black coal

kt

2 615 2 889 2 887 2 823 2 570 2 693 2 698

2 894 2 437 2 185 2 305 2 666 3 476 3 540 3 947 3 943 4 214

3 722 3 908 3 816 3 708 3 768 3 795 3 746 3 671 3 590 3 673

3 620 4 311 4 372 4 375 4 345 4 332 4 320 4 322 4 340 4 366

Coke M

628 610 542 599 466 735 731

537 623 576 677 679 652 687 693 645 628

622 708 662 652 652 652 652 652 652 652

652 652 652 652 652 652 652 652 652 652

Wood, woodwaste

kt

670 666 655 550 533 532 562

581 568 606 555 563 606 61 2 620 632 656

686 71 1 753 875 865 868 869 87 1 872 873

874 875 876 877 878 878 878 879 880 880

Consumption of fuels

Petroleum products

ML

2 822 2 884 3 057 3 097 3 141 3 179 3 121

2 849 2 771 2 699 2 701 2 765 2 831 2 894 2 900 3 082 3 038 2 992 3 024 3 112 3 142 3 233 3 264 3 220 3 251 3 294 3 318

3 345 3 362 3 391 3 417 3 448 3 444 3 459 3 475 3 494 3 507

Natural gas GL

1 274 1314 1 502 1 871 2 008 2 097 2 282

2 427 2 671 2 705 2 740 3 081 2 921 2 749 2 846 2 936 2 857 2 489 2 611 2 653 2 920 2 994 3 058 3 196 3 347 3 426 3 443

3 520 3 288 3 343 3 421 3 502 3 566 3 545 3 535 3 536 3 574

Town gas GL

25 11 12 12 9

10 10

10 11 11 8 8 8 8 9 9 9

0 0 0

- Total

electricity GWh

5 484 5 665 5 961 6 523 6 801 6 938 7 084

7 467 7 627 7 888 7 681 8 147 8 388 8 445 8 842 9 273 9 654

9 708 9 821

10 038 10 259 10 556 10 773 10 999 11 206 11 401 11 583

11 793 11 983 12 161 12 346 12 520 12 674 12 857 13 033 13 219 13 415

Solar energy

GWh

1 1 1 1 3 5

10

18 21 24 29 35 43 40 40 40 40

40 40 40 40 39 39 42 44 44 47

47 50 53 53 56 58 6 1 64 64 67

- - - - - - -

continued on next page

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E6 Energy consumption in South Australia, by fuel Material units (corztinued)

Production of derived fuels

Town Thermal Coke gas electricity

kt GL GWh 1973-74 693 25 5 484 1974-75 683 11 5 665 1975-76 643 12 5 961 1976-77 680 12 6 523 1977-78 504 9 6 801 1978-79 723 10 6 938 1979-80 688 10 7 084 1980-81 843 10 7 467 1981-82 680 11 7 627 1982-83 532 11 7 888 1983-84 744 8 7 681 1984-85 740 8 8 147 1985-86 762 8 8 388 1986-87 79 1 8 8 445 1987-88 822 9 8 842 1988-89 809 9 9 272 1989-90 821 9 9 119 1990-91 748 0 7 431 1991 -92 663 0 8 536 1992-93 643 0 8 722 1993-94 650 9 034 1994-95 650 9 256 1995-96 650 9 375 1996-97 650 9 500 1997-98 650 9 606 1998-99 650 9 702 1999-00 650 9 784 2000-01 650 9 894 2001 -02 650 9 984 2002-03 650 10 172 2003-04 650 10 347 2004-05 650 10 521 2005-06 650 10 680 2006-07 650 10 833 2007-08 650 11 010 2008-09 650 11 195 2009-1 0 650 11 392

a Data concerning refinery input and output, production of petroleum products and production and consumption of coal byproducts have not been shown in the table due to confidentiality.

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€7 Energy consumption in Tasmania, by fuel Material units a

Black coal

kt

104 110 129 187 172 187 188 207 267 324 305 349 391 385 408 448 429

432 389 357 417 446 455 494 496 498 500 502 505 507 648 650 653 655 657 660 662

Wood, woodwaste

Petroleum products

ML 1 090 1 071 1 089 1 109 1 108 1 136 1 166

1 120 1 130 1 039 1 051 1016

991 972 984

1 006 1 184

1 233 977

1 028 1 031 1 031 1 054 1 042 1 055 1 088 1 070 1 074 1 078 1 085 1 092 1 099 1 099 1 098 1 100 1 103 1 103

Consumption of fuels

Town gas GL

9 9 8 9 4 5 6

6 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 3

4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

Electricity Total

GWh

5 989 6 100 6 034 6 873 7 201 7 787 7 950 8 096 8 173 8 006 8 173 8 320 8 451 8 463 9 011 9 135 9 223

9 219 9 131 9 054 9 067 9 019 9 766 9 930

10 103 10 184 10 243

10 229 10 301 10 367 10 434 10 629 10 683 10 745 10 799 10 860 10 920

Hydro GWh

5 866 5 936 5 902 6 800 7 122 7 598 7 858 7 848 7 663 7 532 7 714 8 033 8 381 8 377 8 786 8 900 8 357

8 076 8 977 8 907 8 922 8 867 9 613 9 776 9 948

10 028 10 086

10 071 10 142 10 207 10 273 10 467 10 520 10 580 10 633 10 693 10 752

--- Solar

energy GWh

continued on next page

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E7 Energy consumption in Tasmania, by fuel Material units (continued)

Production of derived fuels

Town Thermal Coke gas electricity

M GL GWh 1973-74 5 9 123 1974-75 5 9 164 1975-76 5 8 132 1976-77 5 9 73 1977-78 4 4 79 1978-79 5 189 1979-80 6 92 1980-81 6 245 1981 -82 5 51 0 1982-83 5 474 1983-84 4 459 1984-85 4 287 1985-86 3 70 1986-87 3 86 1987-88 3 225 1988-89 3 236 1989-90 3 866

1990-91 4 1 144 1991-92 4 154 1992-93 5 147 1993-94 5 146 1994-95 5 152 1995-96 5 153 1996-97 5 154 1997-98 5 155 1998-99 5 156 1999-00 5 157

2000-01 5 158 2001 -02 6 159 2002-03 6 160 2003-04 6 161 2004-05 6 162 2005-06 6 163 2006-07 6 165 2007-08 6 166 2008-09 6 167 2009-1 0 6 168

a Data concerning refinery input and output produc!ion of petroleum products and consumption of coke have not been shown in the table due to confidentiality.

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€8 Energy consumption in Northern Territory, by fuel Material units a

Wood, woodwaste

kt

19 19 19 19 19 19 19

19 19 19 19 20 2 1 21 21 21 22

23 24 25

Petroleum products

Consumption of fuels

Natural gas GL

Total electricity

GWh 690 646 701 729 775 831

1 100

1 175 1 183 1 236 1 296 1 368 1 456 1 494 1 565 1 705 1 829

1 900 1 965 1 962 1 977 2 015 2 198 2 248 2 325 2 405 2 470

2 528 2 587 2 637 2 689 2 740 2 859 2 840 2 886 2 936 2 989

Solar energy

GWh 3 4 5 8

11 15 21

23 23 26 26 27 27 25 25 25 25

25 25 25 25 25 25 28 28 31 31

33 33 36 36 39 42 44 47 47 47

Production of derived fuels

Thermal electricity

GWh 690 646 701 729 775 831

1 100

1 175 1 183 1 236 1 296 1 368 1 456 1 494 1 564 1 705 1 828

1 899 1 966 1 961 1 977 2 015 2 198 2 248 2 325 2 405 2 470

2 528 2 587 2 637 2 689 2 740 2 859 2 840 2 886 2 936 2 989

a Data concerning refinery input and output and production of petroleum products have not been shown in the table due to confidentiality.

Page 169: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),

FI Petroleum products consumption in Australia

Automotive gasoline Aviation Kerosene ti^^

Lubricants Fuel and

Total marketable Refinery

other petroleum fuel LPG a Leaded Unleaded Gasoline Turbine fuel Lighting Power oil ADO IDF oil greases Bitumen products b products c (FOE) d

ML ML ML ML ML ML ML ML ML ML ML ML ML ML ML ML

1973-74 791 12 282 106 1 651 251 60 777 4 603 1 600 8 030 474 464 2 874 33656 2617 1974-75 826 12 766 103 1 823 267 56 923 5 116 1 628 6 869 442 450 2 805 33 748 2 555 1975-76 916 13 261 105 1 844 258 47 900 5 352 1 872 6 329 436 493 2 535 34 015 2 636 1976-77 921 13 901 113 1 898 283 30 991 5 945 1 885 6 668 440 521 2610 35830 2815 1977-78 907 14411 115 2 027 267 24 874 6 150 2 004 6 568 442 551 2 558 36 500 2 898 1978-79 950 14 844 127 1 995 267 23 835 6 555 1 325 6 846 466 576 2 496 36 929 2 601 1979-80 1 083 14 736 115 2 081 21 5 21 534 7182 1123 6175 476 566 2 694 36 607 2 307 1980-81 1 172 14 802 115 2 074 179 18 333 7419 833 5445 469 510 2412 35 388 2 150 1981-82 1 239 15 208 114 2 225 167 17 290 7 834 621 4 459 484 512 2 424 35 250 2 075 1982-83 1 263 14 984 105 2 161 139 12 242 7 465 440 3 798 437 489 2 031 33218 1940 1983-84 1 507 15 328 109 2 153 124 11 214 7936 338 3900 449 554 2 268 34 476 2 028 1984-85 1 934 15 518 6 1 11 1 2 308 123 10 197 8154 329 3295 450 576 2 165 34 791 1 962 1985-86 2210 15336 534 108 2 420 100 7 159 8 301 263 2 682 459 582 2 148 34 867 1 940 1986-87 2 216 14 612 1 396 11 1 2 541 95 4 153 8703 229 2422 462 567 2 129 35 189 2 032 1987-88 2 565 14 165 2 405 118 2 795 78 1 129 9 097 208 2 357 485 559 2 357 36 843 2 066 1988-89 2 718 13 551 3 526 119 2 981 70 3 119 9760 188 2443 51 1 591 2 462 38 601 2 121 1989-90 3 072 12 551 4 712 129 2 843 68 2 127 10094 154 2502 51 7 644 2 208 39 153 2062 1990-91 3 227 11 253 5 617 106 3 228 59 2 129 9802 124 2271 478 622 2 387 38 802 2 169 1991-92 3 454 10 550 6 413 99 3 459 44 2 149 9 991 131 1 931 477 599 2 398 39120 2221 1992-93 3 811 9 913 7 243 101 3 685 45 2 163 10328 129 1837 493 662 2 617 40 378 2 261 1993-94 4 056 8 948 8 556 103 3 823 4 1 2 125 10 701 90 1 858 502 716 2677 41 535 2 330 1994-95 4 179 8 183 9 935 104 4 010 27 2 123 11074 91 1828 507 735 2 907 43 018 2 288 1995-96 4 351 6 888 11 239 106 4 168 26 2 119 11197 91 1875 512 755 3 065 43 730 2 287 1996-97 4 144 5 783 12 289 107 4 316 26 2 113 11285 91 1832 517 775 3 025 43 601 2 235 1997-98 4 248 4 774 13 586 108 4 642 25 2 109 11553 91 1849 523 794 3 072 44 671 2 295 1998-99 4 341 3 956 14 705 109 4 709 24 2 105 11797 90 1836 528 810 3104 45 411 2 301 1999-00 4417 3222 15514 109 4 931 24 2 101 12015 90 2013 534 826 3 037 46 169 2 298 2000-01 4 527 2 426 16 377 110 5 414 23 2 97 12 201 90 2 006 539 842 3 067 47 012 2299 2001-02 4 624 2 074 16 955 110 5 206 22 2 94 12 398 90 1 529 544 860 3 065 46 860 2300 2002-03 4 725 1 790 17 456 110 5 293 22 2 90 12 661 89 1 514 550 868 3 064 47 521 2 303 2003-04 4818 1550 17819 I10 5 438 21 2 87 12872 89 1545 556 876 3 032 48 145 2 304 2004-05 4 935 974 18 504 110 5 683 20 2 84 13161 89 1550 561 885 3 059 48 910 2 305 2005-06 5 007 389 19 065 110 5 843 20 2 81 13 431 87 1 551 567 894 3 063 49 405 2 306 2006-07 5 1 12 19 403 110 5 987 19 2 79 13 724 87 1 532 572 903 3 067 49 892 2 307 2007-08 5 221 19 287 110 6 260 19 2 76 14033 87 1522 578 912 3043 50 455 2 308 2008-09 5 333 19 260 110 6 399 18 2 74 14 356 87 1 526 584 921 3 075 51 040 2 309 2009-10 5 448 19 121 110 6 600 18 2 71 14 692 86 1528 590 930 3 080 51 571 2 311

-

a Includes LPG used as petrochemical feedstock after 1973-74 . b Comprises crude oil used as fuel, naphtha, refinery fuel sold, solvents, petroleurn coke and speciality feedstocks. c Excludes refinery fuel used in refineries and losses. Some petroleum product is produced from the conversion of other petroleum products. This element of double counting has been netted off total marketable petroleum products. d Fuel oil equivalent.

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2 1 F3 Petroleum products consumption in Victoria

Automotive Total gasoline Aviation Lubricants marketable

Kerosene Heating Fuel and other petroleum LPG a Leaded Unleaded Gasoline Turbine fuel Lighting Power oil ADO IDF oil greases Bitumen products b products c

a Includes LPG used as petrochemical feedstock after 1973-74. b Comprises crude oil used as fuel, naphtha, refinery fuel sold, solvents, petroleum coke and speciality feedstocks. c Excludes refinery fuel used in refineries and losses. Some Petroleum product is produced from the conversion of other petroleum products. This element of double counting has been netted off total marketable petroleum products.

- -

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F4 Petroleum products consumption in Queensland

Automotive gasoline

LPG ML

92 87 91 99 98 98

118

132 158 167 172 184 217 235 262 290 302

331 346 371 394 410 425 440 458 472 485

499 513 528 543 558 570 586 602 618 635

Leaded Unleaded ML ML

1 804 1 903 1 992 2 110 2 210 2 331 2 361

2 407 2 586 2 602 2 612 2 685 11 2 651 93 2 554 236 2 500 405 2 468 610 2 342 824

2 100 994 2 005 1 173 1 909 1 369 1 772 1 656 1 624 1 949 1 388 2 227 1 175 2 457

978 2 740 817 2 989 671 3 177

507 3 381 438 3 523 379 3 653 33 1 3 753 210 3 923

85 4 069 4 167 4 167 4 185 4 179

Aviation

Gasoline Turbine fuel ML ML

24 251 24 256 23 280 25 300 23 297 28 300 25 328

28 329 29 369 26 368 28 358 30 380 27 402 30 425 30 485 30 559 31 489

26 636 23 69 1 24 81 3 25 90 1 25 954 26 1 002 26 1 045 27 1 207 27 1 155 27 1217

28 1 342 28 1 296 28 1 325 28 1 367 28 1 435 28 1 480 28 1 524 29 1 600 29 1 642 29 1 699

- Kerosene Lighting Power

ML ML 22 18 24 19 24 16 28 11 30 9 28 8 24 7 22 7 23 6 21 3 20 3 23 3 20 2 19 1 18 1 18 1 22 1

21 1 11 1 12 1 13 1 4 1 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0

4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0

Heating oil ML 23 22 21 20 17 19 13

9 8 5 4 3 2 2 2 1 1

1 4

15 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

ADO ML

938 1 043 1113 1 241 1 267 1 385 1 490

1 592 1 829 1 697 1 854 1 945 2 012 2 069 2 199 2 280 2 334

2 336 2 405 2 505 2 643 2 760 2 854 2 939 3 019 3 113 3 174

3 235 3 300 3 367 3 440 3 526 3 607 3 694 3 784 3 879 3 978

IDF

ML 134 106 108 11 1 114 100 104

57 49 30 20 17 9 3 2 5 3

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1

Fuel oil ML

964 957

1 095 1 120 1 103 1119 1 101 1 124

922 661 677 61 9 594 631 655 696 728

444 407 378 385 382 378 380 386 386 559

560 560 561 561 561 558 557 557 557 557

Lubricants and

greases ML

73 70 70 72 72 77 81

82 87 80 84 84 86 87 92

101 100

95 95 98

102 105 106 108 110 112 114

116 118 120 122 124 126 127 130 132 134

Bitumen ML 87 93

116 120 121 118 112

109 116 108 127 130 133 127 137 145 152

157 148 167 179 185 192 198 205 210 216

221 227 231 234 238 242 246 250 253 257

Other products a

ML

108 127 114 127 122 96 90

85 91 9 1

107 79 84 86 84

101 104

103 94

105 11 1 112 112 121 152 152 153

154 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162

Total marketable petroleum products b

ML 4 538 4 731 5 063 5 384 5 483 5 707 5 854

5 983 6 273 5 859 6 066 6 193 6 332 6 505 6 872 7 305 7 433

7 246 7 405 7 769 8 187 8 516 8 719 8 898 9 291 9 442 9 802

10 052 10 165 10 355 10 543 10 768 10 931 11 096 11 287 11 463 11 637

a Comprises crude oil used as fuel, naphtha, refinery fuel sold, solvents, petroleum coke and speciality feedstocks. b Excludes ref~nery fuel used in refineries and losses

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F5 Petroleum products consumption in Western Australia

Automotive gasoline Lubricants

Aviation Kerosene Heating Fuel and LPG Leaded unleaded Gasoline Turbinefuel Lighting Power oil ADO IDF oil greases Bitumen

ML ML ML ML ML ML ML ML ML ML ML ML 1973-74 43 1 123 14 164 72 5 23 949 172 1 889 52 1974-75 46 1 166 14 196 75 4 20 I 051 160 1 603 50 1975-76 51 1 232 15 201 79 4 18 1 058 244 1 569 51 1976-77 57 1 335 17 227 81 2 15 1183 327 1903 53 1977-78 60 1 385 17 239 82 0 13 1184 407 1922 54 1978-79 64 1 444 18 244 89 0 13 1210 174 2 139 55 1979-80 75 1 416 15 245 78 0 9 1 354 155 1 851 57 1980-81 75 1417 16 248 67 0 6 1417 127 1538 58 1981-82 77 1 451 15 267 58 0 3 1424 77 1 225 58 1982-83 80 1 455 15 288 43 0 1 1 446 74 1 052 56 1983-84 82 1 471 16 254 37 0 1 1456 60 1 227 54 1984-85 83 1 506 3 16 255 36 0 1 I 420 70 795 56 1985-86 87 1 489 43 15 279 28 I 1358 59 380 55 1986-87 94 1 437 122 16 300 28 1 ' 1442 59 301 57 1987-88 106 1 399 222 16 285 20 0 1 610 65 320 60 1988-89 118 1 323 337 16 283 19 0 1840 44 330 66 1989-90 138 1 227 447 19 280 19 0 2 030 40 286 69 1990-91 158 1 120 525 16 313 16 0 2002 31 373 65 1991-92 171 1040 595 14 337 13 1 2 085 30 268 67 1992-93 186 955 673 14 343 14 0 2 168 21 251 69 1993-94 202 91 3 874 15 375 12 0 2267 30 198 73 1994-95 208 833 1017 15 395 11 0 2 396 28 243 74 1995-96 216 709 1 156 15 415 11 0 2 259 28 257 75 1996-97 223 598 1 269 15 431 10 0 2091 27 234 76 1997-98 231 495 1 409 16 456 10 0 2 143 27 250 77 1998-99 238 41 2 1 532 16 474 9 0 2 181 26 239 78 1999-00 245 337 1 623 16 498 9 0 2219 26 246 79 2000-01 252 255 1 721 16 535 8 0 2 255 25 239 80 2001-02 259 219 1 789 16 526 8 0 2 289 25 251 81 2002-03 267 190 1 849 16 535 8 0 2 331 24 238 82 2003-04 275 165 1 896 16 550 7 0 2 380 24 273 84 2004-05 282 104 1 977 16 576 7 0 2 434 23 280 85 2005-06 289 42 2 045 16 591 7 0 2 488 23 292 86 2006-07 296 2 090 16 607 6 0 2541 23 282 87 2007-08 304 2 085 16 635 6 0 2 598 22 275 88 2008-09 313 2 091 16 649 6 0 2 660 22 281 89 2009-10 321 2 084 16 669 5 0 2 725 21 285 91

a Comprises crude o ~ l used as fuel, naphtha, refinery fuel sold, solvents, petroleum coke and speciality feedstocks. b Excludes refinery fuel used in refineries and losses.

Other products a

ML 105 104 100 68 61 59 61 59 58 59 58 74 67 62 3 1 80 38 48 43 26 22 23 23 27 30 34 35

36 37 37 36 37 37 38 39 40 4 1

Total marketable petroleum products b

ML 4 663 4 533 4 676 5 318 5 477 5 566 5 369 5 075 4 777 4 618 4 770 4 379 3 920 3 978 4 188 4 523 4 658 4 724 4 726 4 793 5 046 5 310 5 233 5 072 5 217 5 314 5 409

5 500 5 580 5 658 5 788 5 904 6 000 6 072 6 155 6 255 6 347

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F6 Petroleum products consumption in South Australia

Automotive gasoline Lubricants Aviation Kerosene Heating Fuel and

LPG Leaded Unleaded Gasoline Turbine fuel Lighting Power oil ADO IDF oil greases Bitumen ML ML ML ML ML ML ML ML ML ML ML ML

1973-74 36 1 158 8 97 25 7 66 407 99 612 45 1974-75 40 1 204 9 103 25 6 79 495 208 439 39 1975-76 40 1 266 10 101 23 5 83 460 347 377 39 1976-77 34 1 343 11 105 24 4 93 487 331 293 40 1977-78 32 1 366 11 115 21 2 81 490 346 288 38 1978-79 38 1 389 12 117 21 3 84 534 200 364 43 1979-80 44 1 336 11 115 16 2 54 586 130 438 41

1980-81 49 1 302 12 120 13 2 37 589 89 296 40 1981-82 49 1314 12 110 12 2 40 631 69 244 40 1982-83 52 1 319 11 118 10 1 31 621 61 227 37 1983-84 64 1 350 11 121 9 1 27 669 33 164 40 1984-85 86 1 371 5 11 126 9 1 28 693 22 184 41 1985-86 124 1 361 44 10 143 7 1 24 708 8 171 40 1986-87 138 1 302 108 9 148 7 1 23 753 5 92 43 1987-88 167 1 259 184 10 144 6 0 19 775 2 68 45 1988-89 182 1 210 260 10 169 4 2 17 829 0 77 52 1989-90 182 1 133 344 12 132 4 2 18 859 0 61 48

1990-91 208 1 007 404 11 167 3 2 15 814 0 52 40 1991-92 217 959 464 10 156 3 2 14 808 0 52 35 1992-93 244 895 529 11 159 3 2 16 835 0 68 36 1993-94 293 794 620 10 160 2 2 13 847 0 75 34 1994-95 302 718 733 10 168 2 2 13 868 0 59 35 1995-96 308 605 844 10 177 2 2 13 888 0 58 35 1996-97 318 505 931 10 182 1 2 12 907 0 57 35 1997-98 326 41 5 1 037 10 191 1 2 12 921 0 56 35 1998-99 334 342 1 125 10 197 1 2 11 933 0 56 35 1999-00 342 277 1 187 10 204 1 2 11 944 0 55 35

2000-01 350 207 1 253 10 21 7 1 2 10 955 0 54 36 2001-02 358 176 1 293 10 209 1 2 10 965 0 53 36 2002-03 366 151 1 326 10 21 0 1 2 10 977 0 53 36 2003-04 374 130 1 348 10 213 1 2 9 992 0 52 36 2004-05 383 81 1 396 10 21 9 1 2 9 1 009 0 52 36 2005-06 373 32 1 435 10 220 1 2 9 1025 0 51 36 2006-07 381 1 454 10 224 1 2 8 1 042 0 49 36 2007-08 390 1 437 10 231 1 2 8 1061 0 49 36 2008-09 398 1 427 10 232 1 2 8 1079 0 48 37 2009-10 407 1 409 10 235 1 2 8 1100 0 47 - 37 -- a Comprises crude oil used as fuel, naphtha, refinery fuel sold, solvents, petroleum coke and speciality feedstocks. b Excludes refinery fuel used in refineries and losses.

Other products a

ML

83 69 69 64 77 78 76

65 34 22 31 24 28 29 34 29 29

6 14 18 24 25 25 26 26 26 26

26 26 26 26 26 26 27 27 27 27

Total marketable petroleum products b

ML

2 685 2 762 2 867 2 879 2 916 2 944 2 895

2 656 2 605 2 557 2 574 2 647 2 718 2 709 2 759 2 887 2 872

2 776 2 782 2 859 2 923 2 985 3 019 3 039 3 086 3 126 3 149

3 177 3 196 3 225 3 250 3 281 3 277 3 291 3 310 3 327 3 341

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F7 Petroleum products consumption in Tasmania - - - --

Automotive gasoline Aviation Kerosene -- Heating

LPG Leaded Unleaded Gasoline Turbinefuel Lighting Power oil ADO ML

133 138 155 168 169 193 21 3

220 209 21 1 220 227 238 246 252 258 269 264 257 278 282 274 282 287 291 294 296

297 300 303 308 31 3 317 321 326 331 337

IDF ML

103 85

139 114 116 69 70 56 42 22 27 15 22 13 7 5 2 1 4 4 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1

Lubricants Fuel and

oil greases

ML ML

343 12 322 11 246 11 242 11 231 11 26 1 11 296 11 284 11 31 8 11 257 10 240 10 192 10 131 10 124 10 130 9 133 8 273 9 31 6 10

78 9 82 10 82 9 79 9 81 9 63 9 63 9 63 9 64 9 64 9 64 9 64 9 64 9 64 9 63 9 61 9 6 1 9 61 9 6 1 9

Bitumen ML

14 10 15 16 17 18 17 16 15 19 20 22 17 16 16 15 17 16

Other products a

ML

21 23 23 25 24 25 25 26 26 23 25 27 27 26 27 27 28 29 28 23 28 21 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27

Total marketable petroleum products b

ML

1 090 1 071 1 089 1 109 1 108 1 136 1 166 1 120 1 130 1 039 1 051 1016

991 972 984

1 006 1 184 1 233

977 1 028 1 031 1 032 1 055 1 034 1 057 1 067 1 072

a Comprises crude oil used as fuel, naphtha, refinery fuel sold, solvents, petroleum coke and speciality feedstocks. b Excludes refinery fuel used in refineries and losses

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F8 Petroleum products consumption in Northern Territory

LPG ML

0 0 1 1 2 2 2

2 3 3 5 6 7 8 9 9

10

10 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 13

14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 16

Automotive gasoline

Leaded Unleaded ML ML 78 83 89 96 99

101 109

113 114 117 119 128 0 132 4 129 13 119 22 110 30 103 39

Aviation

Gasoline Turbine fuel ML ML

9 95 9 88 9 56 8 59 9 69

10 75 11 80 10 67 9 71 9 78

10 83 10 85 11 93 11 106 12 11 1 12 85 12 92

9 103 11 128 12 142 13 160 14 171 14 183 14 192 14 203 14 212 15 223

Kerosene

Lighting Power Heating

oil

ML

0 0 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ADO ML 128 150 135 158 156 184 244

281 259 277 297 272 298 329 302 349 349

342 331 31 8 31 6 323 338 358 374 393 425

435 445 457 470 483 497 51 1 526 541 557

IDF ML

10 50

117 118 136

18 2

0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

Lubricants Fuel and

oil greases ML ML

Other Bitumen products a

ML ML

Total marketable petroleum products b

ML

a Comprises crude oil used as fuel and solvents. b Excludes refinery fuel used in refineries and losses

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F9 Coal consumption, by state

-- New South Wales a Victoria Queensland

- Black coal Western Australia South Australia Tasmania

kt 104 110 129 187 172 187 188

207 267 324 305 349 39 1 385 408 448 429 432 389 357 417 446 455 494 496 498 500

502 505 507 648 650 653 655 657 660 662

Australia kt

26 230 28 758 28 420 30 534 31 571 32 093 34 461

36 212 35 186 35 467 37 666 40 108 41 665 43 229 44 563 47 613 49 298 49 494 50 859 51 925 52 678 53 682 54 730 55 624 57 128 58 996 60 345

60 993 62 484 62 634 63 548 64 527 65 642 65 053 66 031 66 220 67 251

Brown coal Australia

kt 26 441 27 542 29 212 30 994 30 473 32 101 32 895

32 103 37 567 34 708 33 257 38 380 36 075 41 804 43 399 48 289 45 989

a Includes ACT.

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--- -. - -

F10 Natural gas consumption, by state a

New South Wales b Victoria Queensland Western Australia

GL GL GL GL 1973-74 2 056 303 81 6 1974-75 2 478 258 831 1975-76 2 866 238 843 1976-77 261 3 274 237 858 1977-78 583 3 495 277 81 9 1978-79 835 3 954 280 842 1979-80 1 285 4 494 313 867

1980-81 1610 5 403 338 880 1981 -82 1 866 6 069 356 836 1982-83 1 981 5 799 434 1 003 1983-84 2 167 6 132 434 1012 1984-85 2 254 5 616 479 1911 1985-86 2 489 5 802 517 2 928 1986-87 2 721 5 576 524 3 377 1987-88 2 538 5 529 601 3 887 1988-89 2 548 5 798 54 1 4 071 1989-90 2 659 6 563 590 4 708

1990-91 2 508 5 844 977 4 591 1991-92 2 490 6 037 1016 4 796 1992-93 2 526 6 219 1 022 5 284 1993-94 2 620 5 876 1155 5 894 1994-95 2 890 6 268 1 162 6 211 1995-96 2 942 6 378 1 253 6 966 1996-97 3 337 6 571 1 437 7 535 1997-98 3 338 6 726 1 446 8 520 1998-99 3 417 6 843 1 461 8 768 1999-00 3 502 6 967 1 472 9 289

2000-01 3 579 7 090 1 490 9 440 2001 -02 3 663 7 225 1 507 9 627 2002-03 4 104 7 362 1 525 10 306 2003-04 4 192 7 466 1 541 10 469 2004-05 4 264 7 622 1 557 10 563 2005-06 4 323 8 100 1 566 10 980 2006-07 4 765 8 580 1 581 11 531 2007-08 4 849 8 719 1 597 1 1 613 2008-09 5 291 8 872 1614 1 1 771 2009-1 0 5 370 9 043 1 631 11 905 - a Includes ethane, non-commercial natural gas and methane produced from other than natural gas fields. b lncludes ACT.

South Australia

GL 1 274 1314 1 502 1 871 2 008 2 097 2 282

2 427 2 671 2 705 2 740 3 081 2 921 2 749 2 846 2 936 2 857

2 489 2 611 2 653 2 920 2 994 3 058 3 196 3 347 3 426 3 443

3 520 3 288 3 343 3 421 3 502 3 566 3 545 3 535 3 536 3 574

Northern Territory GL

Australia GL

4 449 4 881 5 449 6 501 7 182 8 008 9 241

10 658 1 I 798 11 922 12 488 13 367 14 688 15 074 15 677 16 153 17 684

16 734 17 284 18 038 18 820 19 900 21 010 22 491 23 804 24 354 25 091

25 550 26 247 27 589 28 050 28 479 29 548 30 993 31 313 32 085 32 545

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FI I Electricity consumption, by state -~ A - - .% ---. - -

- Supplied by public authorities New South Wales a Victoria - Queensland Western Australia South Australia Tasmania Northern Territory Australia Total private c Total

GWh GWh GWh GWh GWh GWh GWh GWh GWh GWh

1973-74 24 439 16 081 7 632 3 506 5 053 5 877 307 62 895 6 674 69 569 1974-75 26133 17068 8 279 3 761 5 255 5 967 289 66 752 7 250 74 002 1975-76 26 809 18 006 8 503 4 144 5 577 5 918 358 69 315 7 513 76 828 1976-77 29319 19083 9 282 4 403 6 170 6 757 400 75 414 7696 83110 1977-78 30 799 19 551 9 999 4 723 6 473 7 078 441 79 064 7 475 86 539 1978-79 33 225 20 833 10 589 4 985 6 651 7 650 487 84 420 7 582 92 002 1979-80 35 720 21 401 11 378 5 395 6 794 7 808 547 89 043 7 680 96 723

1 980-81 37 859 23 280 12 195 5 707 7 168 7 961 578 94 748 7612 102360 1981-82 38 733 24 593 13 197 5 983 7 355 8 042 624 98 527 7 538 106 065 1982-83 37 625 24 502 14 746 6 091 7 679 7 900 651 99 194 7 348 106 542 1983-84 40 228 25 265 17 121 6 251 7 444 8 065 695 105 069 7682 112751 1984-85 43 614 26 083 19 133 6 987 7 914 8 201 762 112 694 8 266 120 960 1985-86 45826 27112 20 703 7 354 8 146 8 336 829 118306 8 630 126 936 1986-87 47 814 28 887 21 673 7 906 8 226 8 328 865 123 699 8 926 132 625 1987-88 48 873 31 725 22 575 8 519 8 595 8 794 896 129 977 9102 139079 1988-89 50 506 35 082 23 861 9 485 9 028 8 920 953 137 835 9 953 147 788 1989-90 52 796 36 256 25 567 10 365 9 400 9 034 1053 144 471 10376 154847

1990-91 53 005 36 334 26 453 10 819 9 446 9 038 1103 146198 10441 156639 1991 -92 53 320 36 763 27 860 10 972 9 488 8 937 1199 148539 10908 159447 1992-93 54 985 37 418 28 973 11 264 9 699 8 863 1198 152400 11144 163544 1993-94 56615 37529 29 905 11 938 9 923 8 877 1 213 156 000 11 143 167 143 1994-95 57 625 37 950 30 944 12 403 10 159 8 858 1276 159215 11 642 170 857 1995-96 59 528 39 408 31 647 12 712 10 371 9 583 1 302 164 551 12615 177 166 1996-97 60 556 40 303 33 105 13 042 10 595 9 746 1 303 168 650 13242 181 892 1997-98 61 424 40 987 36 620 13 282 10 797 9 919 1 348 174 377 13724 188101 1998-99 62 679 41 682 37 539 13 736 10 987 9 998 1395 178016 14 023 192 039 1999-00 63 837 42 404 38 423 14 063 11 182 10 057 1 437 181 403 14508 195911

2000-01 64 988 43 129 39 294 14 405 11 403 10 041 1 484 184 744 14595 199339 2001-02 66 163 43 862 40 221 14 753 11 601 10 112 1 529 188 241 14 692 202 933 2002-03 67 286 44 577 41 039 15 078 11 792 10 177 1564 191 513 14 923 206 435 2003-04 68 432 45 279 41 943 15 358 11 987 10 242 1 601 194 842 15 023 209 865 2004-05 69 471 45 931 42 789 15 657 12 166 10 437 1 637 198 088 15120 213208 2005-06 70 493 46 561 43 631 16 067 12 326 10 480 1 673 201 240 15347 216587 2006-07 71 643 47 246 44 517 16 368 12 512 10 551 1 705 204 542 15 438 219 980 2007-08 72 792 47 929 45 266 16 668 12 691 10 603 1 734 207 683 15517 223200 2008-09 73 969 48 642 46 336 16 973 12 879 10 662 1 766 211 227 15616 226843 2009-1 0 75 262 49 437 47 349 17 315 13 078 10 721 1 801 214 963 15718 230681

a Includes ACT. C For 1973-74 to 2009-10 obtained from the ABARE Fuel and Electricity Survey, as this provides breakdown by state. Excludes electricity produced at Loy Yang B and Gladstone power stations.

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G 1 Production of primary fuels Material units a

Black coal b

kt 53 253 62 501 61 328 68 417 69 906 72 007 72 389

85 830 89 453 98 223

104 583 117 504 133 383 147 765 134 807 147 778 158 834

164 937 175 130 176 527 176 883 185 032 193 279 202 074 21 1 479 221 246 230 495

234 493 239 283 242 684 246 848 251 127 255 543 258 253 262 531 265 970 270 302

Brown coal

kt 26 441 27 542 29 212 30 994 30 473 32 101 32 895

32 103 37 567 34 708 33 257 38 380 36 075 41 804 43 399 48 289 45 989

49 386 50 723 47 648 49 980 48 315 50 436 51 659 52 754 53 455 54 825

55 972 56 955 58 247 59 256 59 734 58 005 55 920 56 603 57 540 58 585

Wood Bagasse Crude oil and NGL

ML

23 193 23 134 23 827 24 598 25 369 24 896 23 711

23 093 22 386 22 069 26 828 30 956 31 734 31 504 31 264 28 255 31 994

31 955 31 309 30 705 28 671 34 238 36 907 37 865 36 269 32 961 28 928

25 243 22 748 20 920 19 150 17 467 17 467 17 467 17 467 17 467 17 467

Naturally occurring LPG

ML

2 030 2 172 2 232 2 530 2 918 3 171 3 112 2 984 3 033 2 909 3 132 3 864 4 016 3 927 3 923 3 763 3 785

3 547 3 589 3 778 3 701 3 810 3 850 5 200 5 252 5 305 5 358

5 411 5 465 5 520 5 575 5 464 5 354 5 247 5 142 5 039 4 939

Natural gas GL

4 403 4 817 5 376 6 398 7 053 7 864 9 094

10 519 11 648 11 754 12 312 13 167 14 495 14 895 15 483 15 964 20 283

21 311 22 776 24 460 26 160 29 027 30 593 31 787 33 106 33 656 37 663

38 122 38 820 43 431 43 892 44 323 48 644 53 280 53 600 54 382 54 832

Ethane GL

46 64 73

103 129 144 147

139 150 168 175 200 195 180 196 189 192

182 189 194 190 21 9 218 505 499 499 497

497 496 494 494 492 507 507 507 507 507

Hydro- electricity c

GWh

13 465 15 105 15 509 13 670 14 458 16 035 13 782 14 827 14 572 12 914 12 888 14 966 15 514 14 550 14 964 15 030 14 880

16 103 15 768 16 953 16 818 16 793 17 050 16 796 16 950 17 017 17 064

17 035 17 087 17 133 17 187 17 378 17 214 16 994 17 174 17 362 17 405

Solar energy

PJ

0 0 0 0 0 1 1

1 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3

3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5

Uranium d

t

a With the exception of uranium, figures for projected years do not include stock changes. b See appendix B for definition of production. c This series differs from the Australian Bureau of Statistics Production Bulletin No. 1: Electricity, Gas and Electrical Appliances (cat. no. 8357.0) series, due to minor differences in methodologies. A state breakdown is available of the above series but not of the Australian Bureau of Statistics series. d Tonnes of uranium metal equivalent. Production from the commencement of uranium mining in September 1954 until 1971 was 7732 tonnes of uranium (excluding pitchblende concentrate).

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H I Energy imports, by fuel Material units a

.- - - Crude oil and ORF Petroleum products b

ML ML 1973-74 10 469 1974-75

4 423 10 171

1975-76 4 082

9 702 1976-77

4 009 10 116

1977-78 4 193

11 214 1978-79

4 103 10 407

1979-80 4 215

11 263 4 540 1980-81 11 450 1981 -82

3 747 12 460

1982-83 2 937

11 780 1983-84

2 664

1984-85 8 553 2 520 7 294

1985-86 2 820

1986-87 6 186 2 761 7 724

1987-88 4 080

9 577 1988-89

3 318

1989-90 12 058 4 109 11 603 4 749

1990-91 1991 -92

13 389 2 823 15 332

1992-93 2 238

19 421 1993-94

2 916

1994-95 20 338 2 792 17 819

1995-96 2 919

1996-97 16 922 2 957

1997-98 16 266 2 997 18 212

1998-99 3 038

20 527 1999-00

3 080 23 266 3 294

2000-01 26 271 2001 -02

3 338 28 062

2002-03 2 904

29 742 2003-04

2 951

2004-05 31 364 2 999

2005-06 33 049 3 048

2006-07 33 478 3 099

2007-08 33 848 3 152 34 318

2008-09 3 205

34 747 2009- 10

3 260 35 155 3 317

a Excludes minor imported amounts of fuels, including coal, coke, coal briquettes, lignite, peat and wood charcoal, which in energy terms amount to a maximum of 0.2 per cent of total energy imports. b Includes LPG.

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Energy exports, by fuel Material units

Black coal Crude oil Petroleum Coking Steaming Coke Briquettes a and ORF products LPG LNG Uranium b

kt kt kt kt ML ML ML kt t

1973-74 27 370 1017 141 6 2 487 I 984 1974-75 28 666 3 756 421 1 1 953 2 000 1975-76 27 431 2 994 182 2 2 193 1 950 1976-77 32 219 3 153 189 44 2 115 2 253 749 1977-78 33 634 4 277 149 42 22 I 1 966 2 864 1 033 1978-79 33 257 5 021 147 25 37 1 2 344 3 031 893 1979-80 36 144 7 017 122 25 127 1 991 2 764 1 051 1980-81 36 854 10 585 21 39 86 1 991 2 569 1 053 1981 -82 37 839 9 763 9 46 44 1 954 2 622 2 432 1982-83 38 771 16 773 5 47 61 2 427 2 334 3 783 1983-84 44 082 22 440 14 54 1 056 2 926 2 851 2 904 1984-85 50 480 33 319 11 47 5 819 2 206 2 620 2 919 1985-86 48 807 41 077 217 62 5 051 2 384 2 977 2 734 1986-87 49 792 45 922 108 53 5 702 2 270 2 675 3 700 1987-88 55 794 46 406 81 6 75 6 453 2 739 2 402 3 860 1988-89 56 558 42 744 986 24 4 789 2 889 2 177 4 291 1989-90 58 390 45 625 574 31 7 202 2 573 1 983 2 010 3 157 1990-91 60 130 53 052 897 44 8 821 2 979 1 508 3 400 5 197 1991 -92 65 461 57 739 724 82 8 972 3 860 1 568 4 330 4 010 1992-93 72 419 55 986 599 61 10 099 3 729 1 480 5 085 1 941 1993-94 71 609 57 153 529 71 9 855 3 604 1 290 6 032 3 385 1994-95 71 400 59 950 48 73 1 1 983 3 456 1 176 7 134 3 392 1995-96 72 200 66 350 29 74 13 267 3 476 1 056 7 482 2 968 1996-97 72 900 73 550 35 76 13 631 3 496 2 661 7 482 4 410 1997-98 73 700 80 650 123 77 13 057 3 517 2 630 7 482 4 410 1998-99 74 400 87 850 220 79 1 I 536 3 537 2611 7 482 4 918 1999-00 75 200 94 950 115 80 9 836 3 558 2 581 9 976 5 342 2000-01 74 500 99 000 126 81 8 583 3 580 2 570 9 976 5 766 2001 -02 73 800 103 000 114 82 7 734 3 601 2 549 9 976 6 106 2002-03 73 050 107 000 113 84 7 113 3 623 2 525 12 470 6 106 2003-04 72 300 11 1 000 112 85 6511 3 645 2 487 12 470 6 106 2004-05 71 600 115 000 1 1 1 87 5 939 3 667 2 306 12 470 6 106 2005-06 70 900 119 000 110 89 5 939 3 690 2 148 14 964 6 445 2006-07 70 200 123 000 109 91 5 939 3 713 1961 17 400 6 445 2007-08 69 500 127 000 108 92 5 939 3 736 1 762 17 400 6 445 2008-09 68 700 131 050 107 94 5 939 3 759 I 582 17 400 6 445 2009-1 0 68 000 135 050 106 96 5 939 3 783 1 394 17 400 6 784

a Brown coal brlquettes only. The amount of the other coal products exported (black coal brlquettes, Ilgnlte, peat and char) IS small and a consistent long tlme serles IS not available b Tonnes uranlum metal equivalent. Exports from the commencement of uranlum mlnlng In September 1954 until 1971 were 6047 tonnes Exports resumed In 1976-77

Page 183: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),

/ I Energy supply and trade, by fuel Energy units - - -

1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 -74 -75 -76 -77 -78 -79 -80 -81 -82 -83 -84 -85 -86 PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ

Indigenous production of primary fuels Black coal 1463.9 1699.5 1660.9 1841.8 1902.6 1916.3 1964.9 2325.3 2440.5 2658.4 2826.6 3203.5 3596.7 Brown coal 262.6 270.8 286.7 304.0 297.4 312.9 321 .O 312.0 357.7 329.4 316.5 369.2 350.1 Renewables a 197.5 204.1 206.4 199.8 201.5 200.2 194.4 206.9 212.0 205.1 202.5 21 5.0 216.9 Crude 011 and NGL 858.1 856.0 883.3 910.1 938.7 921.2 877.3 854.4 828.3 81 6.6 992.6 1 145.4 1 174.1 LPG 53.8 57.6 59.1 67.0 77.3 84.0 82.5 79.1 80.4 77.1 83.0 102.4 106.4 Natural gas 172.4 189.2 211.2 256.1 283.1 314.9 362.6 416.0 461.9 466.2 490.0 523.3 570.7 Uranium 57.1 230.7 234.1 323.1 385.8 1 065.7 2 362.6 2 177.3 2 081.5 2 054.6 2 091.5 Total 3 008.4 3 277.2 3 364.7 3 809.5 3 934.7 4 072.6 4 188.5 5 259.4 6 743.4 6 730.2 6 992.7 7 613.4 8 106.8 Imports Crude oil and ORF 405.2 393.6 375.5 391.5 434.0 402.8 435.9 443.1 482.2 455.9 331 .O 282.3 239.4 LPG 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 Automotive gasoline 16.3 14.0 30.1 31.7 26.1 24.4 16.8 14.4 13.7 19.0 11.6 20.2 17.3 Aviation gasoline 2.7 3.0 2.6 3.2 2.4 2.8 1.3 1.3 0.4 0.2 0.0 Aviation turbine fuel 3.8 3.5 3.7 4.8 3.7 7.1 6.6 5.5 3.9 3.9 2.3 3.5 6.1 Lighting kerosene 3.4 3.5 2.5 1 .O 0.3 0.3 Power kerosene 0.3 0.2 0.0 ADO 20.1 18.4 14.5 18.9 20.3 15.8 23.8 24.5 20.1 18.0 12.4 26.2 27.6 IDF 1 .I 1.5 7.4 8.3 16.5 3.1 2.4 0.5 0.4 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.9 Fuel oil 116.1 105.3 86.8 91.4 81.8 101.5 108.3 84.7 62.5 48.3 58.0 45.1 44.6 Lubricants and greases 2.2 2.7 2.3 1 .I 2.0 2.2 2.8 2.6 2.0 1.8 1 .O 1.7 1.4 Bitumen 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.7 Other petroleum products 7.4 7.7 4.6 1.8 5.2 6.4 14.6 11.9 10.1 9.2 11.6 10.0 7.0 Total 579.6 553.4 530.0 553.7 592.5 566.6 612.7 588.6 595.7 557.6 428.5 389.7 345.0 Exports Black coal 836.9 950.3 892.7 1 038.4 1 111.0 1 118.7 1 258.6 1 377.2 1 371.4 1 608.4 1 913.9 2 398.0 2 558.7 Coke 3.8 11.4 4.9 5.1 4.0 4.0 3.3 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.3 5.9 Briquettes 0.1 0.0 0.0 1 .O 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.9 1 .O 1 .O 1.2 1 .O 1.4 Crude oil and ORF 7.8 13.7 4.7 3.2 1.6 2.3 39.1 21 5.3 186.9 LPG 53.0 53.4 52.1 60.2 76.5 80.9 73.8 68.6 70.0 62.3 75.6 69.4 78.9 Automo!ive gasoline 15.5 8.6 5.3 7.3 9.8 11.7 10.7 9.2 11.7 17.6 20.2 11.7 13.6 Aviation gasoline 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.6 1.4 1.9 2.4 2.7 2.3 Aviation turbine fuel 13.9 13.1 10.3 10.0 12.0 11.6 7.7 10.2 9.9 9.9 14.1 13.8 12.1 Lighting kerosene 0.8 1 .O ! .O 1.5 2.2 2.5 1.1 2.2 1.4 0.8 1 .O 0.5 0.4 ADO 24.2 12.9 14.9 10.1 20.0 28.2 24.5 27.1 25.7 30.5 40.0 22.2 22.3 IDF 1.8 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.7 0.6 0.8 2.2 1.7 2.8 2.1 1.5 2.4 Fuel oil 18.6 21.9 33.3 28.9 16.0 10.2 14.3 13.1 12.4 18.9 20.5 20.9 28.7 Lubricants and qreases 10.7 10.0 9.7 6.7 8.8 8.6 9.5 9.5 7.0 Bitumen b 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Other petroleum products 17.9 15.2 18.4 21.6 1.6 12.6 6.3 4.1 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 1.3 Natural gas Uranium 41 9.4 578.5 500.1 588.6 589.7 I 361.9 2 118.5 1 556.8 1 621.2 I 515.3 Total 987.2 1089.0 1033.8 1604.7 1853.5 1806.1 2005.0 2115.6 2879.8 3884.2 3697.7 4388.3 4437.2 Stock changes c -14.6 46.7 130.0 -147.7 -311.4 -220.0 -335.0 586.7 1 221.4 281.1 503.6 245.4 61 1.6 Total energy

consumption 2 615.2 2 694.8 2 730.8 2 905.9 2 985.1 3 053.0 3 131.4 3 146.3 3 237.7 3 122.9 3 220.5 3 369.9 3 402.6

a l u d e s wood. woodwaste. baaasse. hvdroelectricitv and solar. b Exnnrts of nthnr n ~ t r n l ~ ~ ~ r n nrnrl~jrtc inrlllrlu nthnr rnfinnnt fnnrlctnrkc 2nd hitl~rnnn frnm 1472.74 tn 147G.77 r Inrll~rlns ctatictiral rlicrrnnsnrio~

Page 184: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 -87 -88 -89 -90 -91 -92 -93 -94 -95 -96 -97 -98

PJ PJ PJ P J PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ

Indigenous production of primary fuels

Black coal 3 955.1 3 610.5 3 951.4 4 234.0 4 396.0 4 680.1 4 778.0 4 786.6 4 953.6 5 174.9 5 412.1 5 659.9 Brown coal 405.0 424.9 474.8 450.7 484.1 497.3 466.8 486.8 475.2 494.5 506.9 51 6.6 Renewables a 216.9 220.8 231.1 234.6 238.7 224.3 246.1 254.5 257.9 260.8 263.0 264.4 Crude oil and NGL 1 165.6 1 156.9 1 045.4 1 183.8 1 182.3 1 158.4 1 136.0 1 060.8 1 266.8 1 365.6 1 401 .O 1 341.9 - -

LPG 104.1 104.0 99.7 100.3 94.0 95.1 100.1 99.9 101 .O 102.0 137.8 139.2 Natural gas 588.4 610.6 627.8 797.3 840.7 914.1 983.1 1 054.1 1 164.5 1 226.5 1 290.9 1 341.6 Uranium 2 117.4 1 970.7 2 140.3 1 921.8 2 062.8 2 044.0 1 270.9 1 293.0 1 363.0 1 645.0 2 444.0 2 444.0

Total 8 552.5 8 098.4 8 570.2 8 923.2 9 298.6 9 613.3 8 981.0 9 035.7 9 582.0 10 269.3 11 455.7 11 707.6

Imports Crude oil and ORF 298.9 370.6 466.6 449.0 51 8.2 593.3 751.6 787.1 689.6 654.9 629.5 704.8 LPG 1 .O 1.1 1 .O 2.2 0.9 1.2 2.9 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.8 Automotive gasoline 43.6 31.1 47.8 54.5 20.0 7.0 13.2 4.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 Aviation gasoline 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Aviation turbine fuel 8.1 6.3 7.2 8.6 3.8 3.8 1.3 7.0 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 Lighting kerosene Power kerosene 0.7 1 .4 1.3 0.5 0.0 ADO 39.2 27.3 31.2 36.6 17.1 14.7 25.9 28.5 29.3 30.2 31.1 32.1 IDF 0.5 1.9 1.5 3.2 0.7 0.3 1.2 1 .O 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Fuel oil 48.1 39.8 43.8 45.5 40.8 36.9 45.9 38.6 38.8 38.8 38.8 38.8 Lubricants ar?d greases 1.7 1.7 1.9 2.1 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 Bitumen 0.6 0.4 0.2 2.9 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Other petroleum products 9.4 15.2 17.6 19.3 21.1 17.6 17.1 17.6 18.0 18.4 18.8 19.1

Total 451.2 495.4 619.7 625.6 625.2 676.9 860.4 890.9 797.7 764.4 740.4 817.2

Exports Black coal 2 718.2 2 910.4 2 834.4 2 965.6 3 217.0 3 502.2 3 660.6 3 668.1 3 736.4 3 932.9 4 148.1 4 363.5 Coke 4.6 22.1 26.6 15.5 22.6 19.6 16.2 14.3 1.3 0.8 1 .O 3.3 Briquettes 1.2 1.7 0.5 0.7 1 .O 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 Crude oil and ORF 21 1 .O 238.8 177.2 266.5 326.4 332.0 373.6 364.6 443.4 491.6 504.4 483.1 LPG 70.9 63.7 57.7 52.6 40.0 41.6 39.2 34.2 31.2 28.0 70.5 69.7 Automotive gasoline 8.6 12.3 9.9 7.2 10.8 23.7 23.2 30.5 23.9 24.3 24.7 25.0 Aviation gasoline 2.2 2.7 2.1 2.8 2.1 5.2 2.3 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Aviation turbine fuel 11.2 14.6 18.9 19.9 11.8 9.1 14.4 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 LigMing kerosene 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.8 2.5 5.0 2.7 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 ADO 17.1 26.3 34.3 27.1 31.6 29.9 22.6 28.9 29.0 29.2 29.5 29.8 IDF 4.9 3.8 2.1 2.2 2.6 2.2 2.9 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Fuel oil 30.4 30.4 25.9 18.0 35.6 41.8 42.1 28.2 29.8 29.8 29.8 29.8 Lubricants and greases 8.9 8.6 9.1 9.8 11.6 16.0 15.6 15.5 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.8 Bitumen b 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Other petroleum products 2.4 5.0 7.4 9.7 5.7 12.4 14.9 10.6 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 Natural gas 109.3 185.0 235.4 276.6 320.7 388.1 407.0 407.0 407.0 Uranium 2 050.6 2 139.4 2 378.3 1 749.8 2 879.7 2 222.6 1 075.8 1 876.2 1 880.0 1 645.0 2 444.0 2 444.0

Total 5 142.7 5 480.1 5 584.5 5 257.4 6 785.8 6 500.6 5 584.0 6 414.1 6 61 1.5 6 637.1 7 707.7 7 904.2 Stock changes c 346.3 -509.8 -227.8 346.6 -810.7 -192.1 178.4 461.6 -517.0 Total energy

consumption 3 514.4 3 623.1 3 832.9 3 944.7 3 948.9 3 981.8 4 079.2 4 174.2 4 285.3 4 396.4 4 488.2 4 620.9

a Includes wood, woodwaste, bagasse, hydroelectr~city and solar. b Exports of other petroleum products include other refinery feedstocks and bitumen from 1973-74 to 1976.77. c lncllides statistical discrepancies.

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13 Energy supply and trade, by fuel Energy units

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 -99 -00 -01 -02 -03 -04 -05 -06 -07 -08 -09 -10

PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ Indigenous production of

primary fuels Black coal 5 910.2 6 155.5 6 263.0 6 378.8 6 468.8 6 577.8 6 691.3 6 805.5 6 878.7 6 989.4 7 079.8 7 191.5 Brown coal 523.9 537.1 547.6 555.3 567.8 577.4 583.4 566.8 549.1 555.1 564.4 574.7 Renewables a 265.5 266.8 267.6 268.8 270.0 271.1 272.6 272.8 274.0 274.6 275.8 276.8 Crude oil and NGL 1 219.6 1 070.3 934.0 841.7 774.0 708.5 646.3 646.3 646.3 646.3 646.3 646.3 LPG 140.6 142 .O 143.4 144.8 146.3 147.7 144.8 141.9 139.0 136.3 133.5 130.9 Natural gas 1 362.8 1 527.6 1 545.0 1 573.4 1 760.4 1 778.1 1 794.6 1 970.7 2 159.1 2 171.0 2 200.5 2 218.2 Uranium 2 726.0 2 961 .O 3 196.0 3 384.0 3 384.0 3 384.0 3 384.0 3 572.0 3 572.0 3 572.0 3 572.0 3 760.0

Total 12 148.6 12 660.3 12 896.6 13 146.8 13 371.3 13 444.6 13 517.0 13 976.0 14 218.2 14 344.7 14 472.3 14 798.4

Imports Crude oil and ORF 794.4 900.4 1 016.7 1 086.0 1 151.0 1 213.8 1 279.0 1 295.6 1 309.9 1 328.1 1 344.7 1 360.5 LPG 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.8 Automotive gasoline 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 Aviation gasoline 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Aviation turbine fuel 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 ADO 33.0 34.0 35.0 36.1 37.2 38.3 39.4 40.6 41.8 43.1 44.4 45.7 IDF 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 I .2 1.2 Fuel oil 38.8 45.7 45.7 26.1 26.1 26.1 26.1 26.1 26.1 26.1 26.1 26.1 Lubricants and greases 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 Bitumen 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Other petroleum products 19.5 19.9 20.3 20.7 21.1 21.6 22.0 22.4 22.9 23.3 23.8 24.3

Total 908.3 1 022.7 1 140.6 1 191.9 1 258.6 1 323.1 1 390.0 1 408.4 1 424.6 1 444.7 1 463.2 1 481.0

Exports Black coal 4 578.7 4 794.1 4 882.7 4 969.9 5 055.7 5 141.4 5 228.7 5 315.9 5 403.1 5 490.4 5 576.0 5 663.2 Coke 6.0 3.1 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Briquettes 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.2 Crude oil and ORF 426.8 363.9 317.6 286.2 263.2 240.9 219.7 219.7 219.7 21 9.7 219.7 219.7 LPG 69.2 68.4 68.1 67.5 66.9 65.9 61.1 56.9 52.0 46.7 41.9 36.9 Automotive gasoline 25.4 25.8 26.2 26.6 27.0 27.4 27.8 28.2 28.6 29.1 29.5 29.9 Aviation gasoline 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Aviation turbine fuel 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 Lighting kerosene 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 ADO 30.1 30.4 30.7 31 .O 31.3 31.7 32.0 32.3 32.6 32.9 33.3 33.6 1DF 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Fuel oil 29.8 29.8 29.8 29.8 29.8 29.8 29.8 29.8 29.9 29.8 29.8 29.8 Lubricants and qreases 15.8 15.9 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.6 16.7 Bitumen b 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Other petroleum products 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 Natural gas 407.0 542.7 542.7 542.7 678.4 678.4 678.4 814.0 946.6 946.6 946.6 946.6 Uranium 2 726.0 2 961 .O 3 196.0 3 384.0 3 384.0 3 384.0 3 384.0 3 572.0 3 572.0 3 572.0 3 572.0 3 760.0

Total 8 347.8 8 868.4 9 146.4 9 390.2 9 588.9 9 652.0 9 714.2 10 121.5 10 337.4 10 420.2 10 501.9 10 773.2 Stock changes c Total energy

consumption 4 703.7 4 814.7 4 890.8 4 948.2 5041.1 5 115.7 5 192.7 5 262.5 5 305.2 5 369.2 5 433.9 5 506.3

a Includes wood, woodwaste, bagasse, hydroelectricity and solar. b Exports of other petroleum products include other refinery feedstocks and bitumen from 1973-74 to 1976-77. c Includes statistical discrepancies.

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J Petroleum supply and disposal

1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1987 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1997 1999 2002 2004 2007 2009 -74 -77 -80 -83 -86 -88 -90 -91 -92 -93 -94 -95 -98 -00 -03 -05 -08 -10

PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ Indigenous crude oil and

NGL production 858.1 910.1 877.3 816.6 1 174.1 1 156.9 1 183.8 1 182.3 1 158.4 1 136.0 1 060.8 1266.8 1 341.9 1 070.3 774.0 646.3 646.3 646.3

+ Imports of crude oil and ORF 405.2 391.5 435.9 455.9 239.4 370.6 449.0 518.2 593.3 751.6 787.1 689.6 704.8 900.4 1 151.0 1 279.0 1 328.1 1 360.5

- Exports of crude oil and ORF 4.7 2.3 186.9 238.8 266.5 326.4 332.0 373.6 364.6 443.4 483.1 363.9 263.2 219.7 219.7 219.7

- Stock changes and discrepancies 39.1 18.2 2.5 41.5 -12.5 -24.0 -12.2 -39.1 -12.2 27.8 -21.5

Domestic availability of refinery feedstock 1 224.2 1 283.4 1 306.0 I 228.7 1 239.1 1 312.7 1 378.5 1 413.2 1 431.9 1 486.2 1 504.9 1 513.0 1 563.6 1606.8 I 661.8 1 705.6 I 754.7 1 787.1

+ Imports of finished petroleum products 174.4 162.2 176.8 101.7 105.6 124.8 176.6 107.0 83.6 108.8 103.8 108.1 112.4 122.3 107.6 111.0 116.6 120.5

- Exports of finished petroleum products 93.4 80.6 75.4 91.6 90.1 104.1 97.4 114.1 145.4 140.7 134.5 129.6 131.9 133.4 135.8 137.4 139.8 141.6

+ Production of naturally occurring LPG 53.8 67.0 82.5 77.1 106.4 104.0 100.3 94.0 95.1 100.1 99.9 101.0 139.2 142.0 146.3 144.8 136.3 130.9

- Exports of LPG 53.0 60.2 73.8 62.3 78.9 63.6 52.6 40.0 41.6 39.2 34.2 31.2 69.7 68.4 66.9 61.1 46.7 36.9

- Stock changes and discrepancies -20.2 -30.2 13.3 -1.5 -14.1 12.9 60.7 27.7 -12.9 33.2 24.0

-Total domestic availability of refinery feedstock and petroleum products 1 326.2 1 402.0 1 402.8 1 255.1 1 296.2 1 360.9 1 444.7 1 432.4 I 436.5 1 482.0 1 515.9 1 561.3 1 613.6 1 669.3 1 713.0 1 762.9 I 821.1 1 860.0

- Petroleum refinery fuel ust and losses 107.7 115.4 94.6 78.4 79.4 84.5 84.5 89.0 87.1 92.8 91.2 93.2 93.9 94.0 94.2 94.3 94.4 94.5

Domestic availability of

- petroleum products a 1 218.5 1 286.6 1 308.2 1 175.7 1 216.8 1 276.4 1 360.2 1 343.4 1 349.4 1 389.2 1 424.7 1 468.1 1 519.7 1 575.3 1 618.8 1 668.6 1 726.7 1 765.5

a Available for consumption by end-use sectors and other conversion sectors. Includes crude oil and condensate used as fuel.

Page 187: DaVince Tools Generated data.daff.gov.au/brs/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000299/...Coal byproducts includes coke oven gas, blast furnace gas (collected from steelworks blast furnaces),

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