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Measuring Social Protection

Using Administrative Data

Presentation byDalisay S. Maligalig

14 May 2013

BPS-Statistics Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

Capacity Development Workshop

on Measuring Social Protection

Disclaimer: The views expressed in this paper/presentation are the views of the author and do not

necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of

Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data

included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. Terminology used

may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.

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Order of Presentation

Why measure?

How to measure?

What ADB has done?

The Social Protection Index

Some Results

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Why Measure Social Protection (SP)?

To evaluate the effectiveness of current SPprograms

- Determine the efficiency of targeting

mechanisms

- Monitor changes in the extent of social

protection activities

To aid in formulating policies on poverty

reduction and human capital development For allocating resources

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How do we measure SP? Basic information needed:

- What are the social protection programs?

- How are they classified?

Social assistance, social insurance, labor

market

Basic data needed:

- Number of beneficiaries for each program- Total expenditure for each program

- How many are poor beneficiaries? Men?

Women?

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Current Data Sources

Expenditure and beneficiary data from administrative

reporting systems

Government Agencies:

Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs

Ministry of Public HealthDepartment of Tribal Affairs

Ministry of Education and Youth Affairs

International Organizations:Red Cross

World Food Program

UNICEF

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Issues

Number of poor beneficiaries are not recorded,only total beneficiaries.

No single data source. Data are very

fragmented, in various reports. Concepts and definitions vary across years.

No designated agency for compiling social

protection data.

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What ADB has done?

Redeveloped the social protection index

so that it can be used by countries for

assessment purposes

Technical assistance for 36 countries to

consolidate basic data and information

Update the social protection index

Find alternative ways of evaluating SPI

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The Social Protection Index

The SPI is a useful analytical andassessment tool to analyze SP

programs

Benefits of the Social Protection Index- One index that assimilates all the many data and

information available.

- Index can be decomposed to show the depth

and breath of social protection; impact on poor

and non-poor; male & female.

- Simple and easy to use

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2005 - pilot study for 6 countries(Bangladesh, Indonesia, Mongolia, Nepal,

Pakistan, and Viet Nam), and SP analysis of

31 countries

2010 - ADB has collected public expenditure

and number of beneficiaries data on SP

2008-2010 from 35 countries of Asia and the

Pacific, including SP analysis

The Social Protection Index

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SP programs categorized into three components- Social insurance (SI)

- Social assistance (SA)

- Labor market programs (LMP)

SPI is not a composite index It can be disaggregated in various ways for analytical

purposes

An assessment of SP programs in the country based on:- Expenditures- Coverage

- Impact to poor

- Impact on Gender

The Social Protection Index

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Data Requirements

Expenditure on SP

Number of SP beneficiaries

The proportion of poor and non-poor

receiving SP benefits

The proportion of men and women

receiving SP benefits GDP per capita

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Data Requirements

Reference population for the SP programs

- SI (population aged 60+, employed)

- SA (poor, children aged 0-14 years,disabled, disaster-affected)

- LM (unemployed and underemployed)

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SPI Flowchart

Compilation and validation of data

Complete

Data?

Classify each data according to type of SP program: LM, SA, or SI.

For each type of SP program, compute total beneficiaries, total

expenditure. Also compute total expenditure for poor, women;

number of women and poor beneficiaries.

Estimate the reference population by LMP, SA, and SI.

Derive SPI by LMP, SA, SI; Depth, Breadth; Poor, Non-poor;

Women, Men; and Overall SPI.

Social Protection Index

Impute missing

data using SPI

estimation

guidelines.

NO

YES

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Classification of SP program into LMP, SA, and SI

Labor Market Program (LMP)

- employment generation

- employment services

- skills development program

SPI Flowchart

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Classification of SP program into LMP, SA, and SI

Social Assistance (SA)

- disaster relief and assistance

- educational assistance for children- health assistance for the elderly, disabled, and

children

- other child protection assistance- other programs for the elderly and disabled.

SPI Flowchart

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Classification of SP program into LMP, SA, and SI

Social Insurance (SI)

- disability insurance

- health insurance- maternity insurance

- unemployment insurance

- work injury insurance- other social insurance

- pension.

SPI Flowchart

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Imputation of missing data

Estimate Population aged 60 years and over assuming

the ratio of Population aged 60 years and over to Total

population is constant.

Estimate Population aged 0 to 14 years assuming the

ratio of Population aged 0 to 14 years to Total

population is constant.

Estimate Employed population assuming the ratio of

Employed to Total population is constant.

SPI Flowchart

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Imputation of missing data

Estimate Underemployed and unemployed assuming

the ratio of Underemployed and unemployed to Total

employed population is constant or assuming the

ratio of Underemployed and unemployed to Total

employed population is 25%.

Estimate Population living below national poverty lineassuming Headcount ratio is constant or assuming the

ratio of Population living below national poverty line

to Total population is 23% or 20%.

SPI Flowchart

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Imputation of missing data

Estimate Disabled population assuming the ratio of

Disabled population to Total population is constant or

assuming the ratio of Disabled population to Total

population is 3.4% or 1.67%.

Estimate Population affected by disaster assuming the

ratio of Population affected by disaster to Total

population is constant or assuming the Number of

actual beneficiaries of disaster assistance is same as

target beneficiaries.

SPI Flowchart

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Imputation of missing data

Estimate SP expenditure for poor beneficiaries of

each social protection program by multiplying Poverty

targeting ratio and the Total SP expenditure.

Estimate SP expenditure for women beneficiaries of

each social protection program by multiplying Gender

targeting ratio and the Total SP expenditure.

SPI Flowchart

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SPI Indicators

Public expenditure on SP

Coverage (size of benefits and number

of beneficiaries

The proportion of poor and non-poor

receiving SP benefits

The proportion of men and women

receiving SP benefits

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SPI Formula

=

= = %

=

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/ =

/ =

SPI Formula

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Some Results

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.07

0.000.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

2005 2008 2009 2010

Social Protection Index, Philippines

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0.16 0.18

0.37

0.47

0.40 0.39

0.23

0.16

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

2005 2008 2009 2010

SPI by Depth and Breadth, Philippines

Depth Breadth

Some Results

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0.0030.013 0.019 0.016

0.0620.058

0.066 0.057

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

0.100

2005 2008 2009 2010

SPI by Poor and Nonpoor, Philippines

Poor Nonpoor

Some Results

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Social protection must be measured and

analyzed to support better policy formulation

and monitoring.

SPI is a simple and easy-to-use tool for

monitoring social protection.

Data for measuring the SPI should be regularly

compiled so that SPI can be derived

periodically.

Conclusion and Recommendation

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For More InformationSri Wening Handayani

swhandayani@adb.org

Dalisay S. Maligalig

dmaligalig@adb org

Thank you

mailto:swhandayani@adb.orgmailto:dmaligalig@adb.orgmailto:dmaligalig@adb.orgmailto:swhandayani@adb.org