Day 2 Session VI - 03 K. Jayakumar.emerson

8/18/2019 Day 2 Session VI - 03 K. Jayakumar.emerson

1/16

Refr igerants – Gett ingReady For The Futu reK. Jayakumar

Vice President - Marketing & Business Development11th Sept, 2013


2/16

2

Semi-Hermetic

Scroll

Screw

Reciprocating

Fram ing Up The Current Refr igerant LandscapeAppl icat ion & Geographic Div ersi ty Leads To Refr igerant Prol i ferat ion

NH3R134a

R404A/507R22, R290

R134a

R404A

R404A/507

R407A, R22

R134aCO2

R410A

R407C

R22(R32 – Asia)

R410A

R22(R32 – Asia)

Common

Refrigerants

CommonCompressor

Technologies

Markets

R404A/507

R407A, R22

R134aR290

Scroll

Units

Hermetic

Scroll

Units

Scroll

Hermetic

Semi-Hermetic

Scroll

Hermetic

Rotary

Industrial Transport

Refrigeration

Food Retai l

Refrigeration

Foodservice

A/C

Commerc ia l

A/C

Residential

http://www.emersonclimate.com/en-us/Products/Compressors/Industrial_Compressors/Pages/reciprocating_compressors.aspxhttp://www.emersonclimate.com/en-US/products/condensing_units/scroll/Pages/copeland_outdoor_unit.aspxhttp://www.emersonclimate.com/en-US/market_solutions/commercial/transport/Pages/transport.aspx


3/16

3

Ozone Depletion And Mon treal ProtocolElim inated CFC & HCFC And Gave Rise To HFC

* All Reference Material Sourced From:

Montreal Protocol Ag reement For ReducingODP Refrigerants: R-22 Phase-Out Timeline

1999

100

50

0

%

1996

CAP

100%

65%

25%

10%

USEU

A5 Nations

Today

32.5% - 2025

2.5% - 2030

0% - 2040

2004

No New

Equipment EU

2010

No New

Equipment US 2013

“Freeze”

A5 Nations

20202015

90%

65%

As Of January 2013, Article 5 Countries Start Process Of Phasing Out HCFC R22


4/16

4

Global Refr igerant Regu latory Ac t iv i t ies

1999

100

50

0

%

1996

CAP

100%

65%

25%

10%

US

EU

A5 Nations

Today

32.5% - 2025

2.5% - 2030

0% -2040

2004No New

Equipment EU

2010No New

Equipment US 2013“Freeze”

A5 Nations

20202015

90%

65%

A5 Coun tr ies Phasing Out R22Aus tralia Tax On HFCs (7/2012)

Nor th Am er icaEurope

• F-Gas Regulation Under Revision

− Propose Specific Application

Bans On High GWP Fluids (i.e.

R404A In Commercial

Refrigeration)

− GWP-Based Phase-Down Is Also

Being Considered

• No GWP Based Regulation

• Voluntary Initiatives To Reduce High

GWP HFC Impact

− Climate & Clean Air Coalition

• GWP-Based Phase-Down Effort

(North America Proposal) Not

Successful So Far

RefrigerantCarbon Price

Eqv. Aus $/kg

R134a 29.90

R125 64.40R143a 87.40

R32 14.95

R404A 74.98

R507 75.90

R407C 35.09

R410A 39.68


5/16

5

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055

NAP

Devel'd Countries

F-Gas Review (Draft)

NAP

A5 Countries

HFC Phase-Down Proposals: North AmericanProposal (NAP) And F-Gas Proposal

• F-Gas Proposal

Reserved Right To

Amend Based On Any

International

Agreement – Allowance

For NAP Adoption

• Baseline Updated

2008-2010

• Excluded HFOs From

Basket For Phase-down

• Fewer Steps In Phase-

Down, But End Year

And Target Held Same

NAP Update 4/2013

NA ProposalNon A5 Countries

F-Gas Proposal

NA Proposal

A5 Countries


6/16

6

New “Replacement

Refs”

New LGWP Refs

“For OEM Use”

R-410A

Like

Capacity

R404A &

R407/22

Like

R134a

Like

GWP Level

400-675

< 1500

~600

150 -

300

R32

DP: DR7

HWL: L40, L20

HFO 1234yf

HFO 1234ze

R410A

R407C

R22

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Today’s Refs

Pressure

Or

DP: DR33

HWL: N20, N40

DP: DR5

HWL: L41

DP: XP10

HWL: N13R134a

R407A

CO2

R404A

DP: DR2; HWL: N12

R290

NH3

A1 – Non Flammable

A2L – Mildly Flammable

A3 – Flammable

B2L – Toxic, Mildly Flam.

Qualitative Chart –

Not To Scale

Lower GWP Refr igerant LandscapeOptions For New & Exist ing Appl icat ions Cont inue To Grow

ARK: ARM 70

ARK: ARM 30

ARK: ARM 32

R407F

R123-Like

(V.Low Pr.)

(3922)


7/167

Holist ic Approach To Refr igerant Select ion Avoid “Unintended Consequences”

Integrated Analysis Reveals Complexity Of Selecting The Best Refrigerant –

Refrigerant Proliferation By Geography And Application Will Remain

Physical Properties

Technology Changes

Energy

(Annual / Peak Energy)

Total Cost of Ownership

Stratospheric Ozone

(Montreal Protocol)

Life Cycle Climate

Performance - LCCP(GWP/TEWI)

Toxicity, Flammability Working Pressures


8/168

“Life Cycle Climate Performance” Of A SystemA More Hol ist ic Approach To Refr igerant Select ion

8Any Choice Made To Move Away From Today’s Refrigerants Should Be

“LCCP” Neutral At Minimum

= +

Refrigerant

Leakage

Energy

ConsumptionLeak during life

End of life recovery leak

• Leak during production

Energy used during life

Source of energy

• Embodied energy of all material

used for manufacturing of fluid

LCCP Direct

Global

Warming

~10%

Indirect

Global

Warming

~90%

(Life Cycle Climate

Performance)

Holistic Approach:

• Safety• Performance

• Environment

• Economics

1. Leak Rate

2. Charge Amount

3. Refrigerant GWP

4. Energy Consumed

5. Source Of Energy


9/169

New “Replacement

Refs”

New LGWP Refs

“For OEM Use”

R-410A

Like

Capacity

R404A &

R407/22

Like

R134aLike

GWP Level

400-675

< 1500

~600

150 -

300

R32

DP: DR7

HWL: L40, L20

HFO 1234yf

HFO 1234ze

R410A

R407C

R22

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Today’s Refs

Pressure

Or

DP: DR33

HWL: N20, N40

DP: DR5

HWL: L41

DP: XP10

HWL: N13R134a

R407A

CO2

R404A

DP: DR2; HWL: N12

R290

NH3



A3 – Flammable



Not To Scale


ARK: ARM 70

ARK: ARM 30

ARK: ARM 32

R407F

R123-Like

(V.Low Pr.)

(3922)


10/1610

R32 and New L -41 HFO Blend R1234ze-BasedAppear Most Viable Cand idates

R410AGWP = 2088

R32GWP = 675

New L-41GWP = 460

Pros/Cons:

•Lower Applied Cost

Pros/Cons:

• Low Applied Cost

• Lower GWP

Attributes R32 HFO Blends (L-41)

Refrigerant Cost ($/Lb) < R410 ~ R410

System Charge (Lbs) 20% Less 10% Less

A/C Capacity +3-4% +Displacement

SEER -1% to +1% -2% to +0%

H/P Capacity +1-5% +Displacement

HSPF +1-2% -1% to +2%

Discharge Temp Mitigation Depends On Appl. Not Required

A2L Flammability Depends Charge & Burn Velocity

Oil Miscibility, Solubility, Lubricity New Oil Same Oil As R410

Industry

Evaluation

Will

ContinueOn R32

and New

L-41

DR-5GWP = 500

Pros/Cons:

• High Applied Cost


11/1611

A1 A1 A2L A3

R22 N20 etc L20 etc

R407C N20 etc L20 etc

R410A DR5, L41, etc

R32

R290

XP10, N13,.. 1234yf/ze,..

R22

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

Path

If A Country’s HPMP Allows For The HVAC Sector

If A Country’s Energy Standards Allow For The HVAC Sector

If A Country’s Energy Standards Require For The HVAC Sector & Design Cost Can Be Justified

If Additional Cost (Above And Beyond Cost In Path 3 For A2L Reasons) Can Be Justified

If Additional Cost For Safety To Handle A3 Refrigerant Can Be Justified

More Than One Path Could Be Chosen If Possible…..

Only If GWP Reduction

Is Regulated/Required;

LCCP Benefit Is Small

If Containment Done

Non-Flammable Mild-Flammable** Flammable

R134a

MEA

LCCP = Life Cycle Climate Performance

HPMP = HCFC Phaseout Management Plan

Sample OnlyAir Cond i t ion ing Technical Opt ions :Example Of Emerson Creat ing Roadmap For Refr igerants


12/1612

New “Replacement

Refs”

New LGWP Refs

“For OEM Use”

R-410A

Like

Capacity

R404A &

R407/22

Like

R134aLike

GWP Level

400-675

< 1500

~600

150 -

300

R32

DP: DR7

HWL: L40, L20

HFO 1234yf

HFO 1234ze

R410A

R407C

R22

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Today’s Refs

Pressure

Or

DP: DR33

HWL: N20, N40

DP: DR5

HWL: L41

DP: XP10

HWL: N13R134a

R407A

CO2

R404A

DP: DR2; HWL: N12

R290

NH3



A3 – Flammable



Not To Scale


ARK: ARM 70

ARK: ARM 30

ARK: ARM 32

R407F

R123-Like

(V.Low Pr.)

(3922)


13/1613

Lower GWP B lends Compared ToHFCs In Refrigeration

Supermarket Freezer Cases (LT)

Supermarket/Deli Cases (MT)

> 50% GWP Reduction From R-404A >65% >90%

All options offer significantly improved efficiency GWP reduction

compared to R-404A

R-22 Replacements in Refrigeration: Options

with Lower GWP than R-404A

R407-

Series OfHFCs

Would Be

Similar

“Low Global Warming Replacements for HCFCs

in Stationary Air Conditioning / Refrigeration Equipment.” Mark Spatz,Honeywell Presentat ion, Montreal, Canada. Augu st 3, 2011


14/1614

Refr igerat ion Techn ical Options :Example Of Emerson Creat ing Roadmap For Refr igerants

A1 A1 A2L A3

R22 N20 etc L20 etc Smkt. WI, RI, FS

R404A N40 etc L40 etc Smkt. WI, RI, FS

R407A/F N40 etc L40 etc Smkt. WI, RI, FS

R134a XP10 etc 1234yf/ze WI, RI, FS

CO2/134a CO2/XP10 CO2/1234 Smkt.

CO2 Trans Smkt.

R290 RI, FS

R22

R404A

R134a

2

3

4

7

2

3

4

7

Path

If Components Not Available For Other Options; If System Charge/Leak Is Small

For Large & Small Ref. Systems – Better LCCP Than R404A; Neutral To Better Effy.

For Smaller Systems – Better LCCP; Neutral Efficiency

If Addl. Cost For Safety Of A3 Refrigerant Can Be Justified & In Small Systems

Only If GWP Reduction Is Required/Regulated;

LCCP Benefit Is Small If Containment Done

Non-Flammable Mild-Flammable** Flammable

8 For Large Industrial Ref. Systems, Ammonia Currently Used (Not Shown)

5

6

5 For Large Ref Systems – Better LCCP Than R404A

6 For Large Ref Systems (And Vending Machines) – Better LCCP Than R404A

1 If A Country’s HPMP Allows For The Refrigeration Sector

1

Smkt = Supermarket

WI = Walk-In

RI = Reach-In

FS = Food Service (Ice etc)

LCCP = Life Cycle Climate Performance

HPMP = HCFC Phaseout Management program

Sample Only


15/1615

Refr igerant Changes Wil l A f fect System Design sFocus At tent ion On Honing Exist ing Ski l ls And Learning New Ones

A Well Trained Capable Technician Workforce Focused On Continuous

Improvement And Learning Will Be Key To Success


16/1616

Summary

• Clarity on Choice of Refrigerant For The Short Term Critical For

Industry To Move Forward – R410a Current Choice To Replace HCFCs

– Will Make The Current Regulations Being Implemented

– Although Proven Technology Will Need Time To Adopt

• Refrigerant Proliferation By Application And Region Will Continue

– Both Synthetic And Natural Refrigerants Are Good Choices BasedOn Application

– Regulations Activity Will Continue To Grow And Affect Choices

• Containment And Recovery Of Refrigerant Are Important For Any

Refrigerant

– Leaks Reduce Efficiency For Synthetic And Natural Refrigerants• A Holistic Approach To Refrigerant Selection – By Application And

Region – Is Best For The Environment

• Finally, Without Maintenance, Even The Best Systems Degrade In

Performance - Maintenance Is Key To Being “Green”

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Day 2 Session VI - 03 K. Jayakumar.emerson

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