Groundwater Resources GovernanceKalahari Karoo / Stampriet Transboundary Aquifer

Harmonisation and Visualisation

Layout of the presentation

• Harmonisation• Visualising the aquifer–Thematic maps– Conceptualising and 3D-visualisation

• Indicators–How they can be used–Need for some other indicators?

Transboundary assessment:What’s so special ?

Harmonising information• Different names of aquifer system and geological formations• Base maps, including important topographic features• Conceptual model of the aquifer• Etc.

And ultimately to agree on: • Most important issues for priority action, and• Agree on the actions to be taken

Sharing knowledge and data between countries

Harmonisation

• Kalahari • Karoo • Stampriet• SE Kalahari Karoo Basin

We haven’t even got one name for the Aquifer, or is it an aquifer system consisting of 3 of even more

aquifers?

is all about developing a common language

Harmonisation - FormationsBotswana Namibia South Africa This Report

Dolerite intrusions and dykes

Dolerite intrusions and dykes

Dolerite intrusions and dykes

Dolerite Sills

Stormberg lava Kalkrand Drakensberg Stormberg

Ntane Fm Etjo Clarens FM Ntane

Mosolotsane Fm Neu Loore Mosolotsane

Beaufort Kule Fm Beaufort

Otshe Fm Auob Auob Ecca

Kobe Mukorob Mukorob

Ncojane Nossob Nossob

Dwyka Dwyka Dwyka Dwyka

Harmonisation: Agree on units

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.510Log (Yield) m 3/h

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Pro

bab

ilit

y %

Dolom ite KanyeOlifantshoek BotswanaBasalt SAB

(69)(16)

(13)

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.510Log (Yield) m 3/h

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Pro

bab

ilit

y %

Kalahari SABKalahari Botswana

(38)

(37)

Borehole yield

1 TBA2

Countries

•Countries

need consen

suson

delineation of

TBA

2 data sets

• National data

sets may differ

in format

Harmonised data

•Harmonised TBA map, based on national data sets.

Harmonisation – Base maps

Transboundary aquifer

WHO1993

Botswana, 2000

Guide-line

Value

Class 1 Ideal

Class 2 Acceptable

Class 3 Max.Allowable

mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l

Namibia, 1991 South Africa, 2006Group AExcellent

Group BGood

Group CLowHealthRisk

Group DUnsuitable

Class IOperational

Class IIMax allowable forlimited duration

mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l

Harmonisation – Agree on classifications

17°E 18°E 19°E 20°E 21°E 22°E 23°E 24°E 25°E 26°E

-28°S

-27°S

-26°S

-25°S

-24°S

-23°S

-22°SW indhoek

Stam priet

Gochas

Gobabis

Am inius

Aroab Bokspits

HukuntsiKang

Ncojane

Tsabong

W erdaGoodhope

Mm abatho

Kurum an

Vanzylsrus

Tosca

450

1,000

2,000

5,000

10,000

20,000

50,000

TDSmg/l

Visualising the aquifer system

• Maps• Cross sections• Conceptual models• Diagrams• Indicators

As long as it has a clear message

Visualising:Maps with a clear message

Visualising:Maps with a clear message

TWAP Meeting, Perugia, May 2013

Visualising:Conceptualising simplified maps

Visualising: Cross sections

Visualising: Simplified diagrams with a message

Visualising: Simplified diagrams with a message

Visualising: Block diagrams with a message

And also indicators

Groundwater

Rain waterRiver water

freshSaline Arsenic

Legal Institunional

Visualisation: Sources of inspiration

• http://www.groundwateruk.org/Image-Gallery.aspx

• http://www.kalkaskacounty.net/planningeduc0019.asp

• http://www.thewaterchannel.tv/

• http://www.wfdvisual.com/

Indicators – how they can be used?

Groundwater

Rain waterRiver water

freshSaline Arsenic

Legal Institunional

1. Mean annual groundwater recharge depth2. Annual amount of renewable groundwater

resources per capita3. Natural background groundwater quality4. Human dependency on groundwater5. Groundwater depletion6. Groundwater pollution7. Population density8. Groundwater development stress9. Transboundary legal framework10. Transboundary institutional framework

11. Aquifer buffering capacity12. Aquifer vulnerability to climate change13. Aquifer vulnerability to pollution14. Human dependency on groundwater for

domestic water supply15. Human dependency on groundwater for

agricultural water supply16. Human dependency on groundwater for

industrial water supply17. Ecosystem dependency on groundwater18. Prevalence of springs19. Control of groundwater abstraction20. Groundwater quality protection

Overview of indicators

In the end: Transboundary assessment It’s all about people….

Discussion• Reflection on the proposed indicators. Would you like to

propose additional/complementary indicators to be applied to the local circumstance in the Stampriet aquifer? If so: Which ones?

• What thematic maps are considered useful (and feasible) to construct to support groundwater governance?

• Does the proposed approach cover the most relevant information needs to support groundwater governance in the Stampriet aquifer? If not what would you like to add / alter?

Thank you

LEFTOVERS

Type of data needed• Hydrogeological: parameters and variables

– System boundaries, transmissivity, groundwater levels, rainfall, recharge, etc

• Environmental conditions– abstractions, gw quality (natural and anthropogenic), pollution,

groundwater dependent ecosystems, aquifer vulnerability

• Socio-economic– Population density, dependency on groundwater (domestic, agriculture,

industry, ecology)

• Legal / Institutional– Water laws, water agreements, characterisation of water management

institutions, characterisation of groundwater regulations (use and protection)

Data collection

• SOURCES:– Country data at aquifer level: Mainly existing data– Some global data-sets from TWAP (e.g. population)– Maybe some in-situ data collection (if feasible)

• TOOLS:– Questionnaires– Protocols

• WHO: – National Experts (National Technical TBA Groups) – Coordination by Regional Coordination Focal Point – Support from IGRAC