Daylight and Sunlight Assessment for Proposed Student ...... · 12/12/2018 3 V2 Daylight assessment...

Daylight and Sunlight Assessment for

Proposed Student Accommodation at

Dublin City University - Glasnevin Campus

09 Sep 2019

Version: V05

Prepared for:

Dublin City University

GLASNEVIN

DUBLIN 9

Prepared by:

Geraghty Energy Consultants Ltd.

THE DIGITAL HUB

10-13 THOMAS STREET

DUBLIN 8

T: 01 532 9363

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

DCU Proposed Glasnevin Student Accommodation 09 September 2019

Daylight and Sunlight Assessment_v05

P a g e | 1 of 94 Geraghty Energy Consultants Ltd.

The Digital Hub, 10-13 Thomas St, Dublin 8

Document Control Sheet

Project Title: Proposed Student Residence at DCU Glasnevin Campus

Project Ref: 1804

Report title: Daylight and Overshadow Assessment

Date: 09 September 2019

Name Title Signature Date

Prepared Shubham Sotwal Energy Engineer SS 09/09/2019

Checked Shubham Sotwal Energy Engineer SS 09/09/2019

Approved Shane Geraghty Energy Engineer SG 09/09/2019

Issue Version Description Date Signed

1 - - 19/10/2018

2 V1 Building heights and amenity areas

revised

12/12/2018

3 V2 Daylight assessment included in report 04/01/2019

4 V3 Comments from design team incorporated 25/01/2019

5 V4 Updated courtyard layouts included 11/02/2019

6 V5 Draft 05/09/2019

7 V5 Final 09/09/2019

This report has been prepared with all reasonable skill, care and diligence. Information reported herein is based on the interpretation of the data collected and has been accepted in good faith as being accurate and valid. Please note that the assessment is based on the drawings and specifications provided. Should any changes be made to these documents or to the design for of the proposed scheme, the results and conclusions in this report may not be valid.





Summary

An assessment of daylight and overshadow was carried out for the proposed student residence

development at Dublin City University Glasnevin Campus in support of the SHD planning application. The

aim of the assessments is to demonstrate that the proposed scheme has been designed to provide

adequate levels of sunlight and daylight for the occupants.

The scope of the assessment was as follows:

• Daylight levels within the proposed scheme

• Impact on daylight within the existing nearby residences (College Park and Hampstead)

• Sunlight access within the new amenity areas of the proposed scheme

• Impact on sunlight access received by the existing Mall Area

The report outlines best practice guidelines for daylight and sunlight provision in new developments,

local and national planning guidelines, the assessment methods and analysis of the results.

The assessment has been carried out in accordance with the methods described in the approved

planning guidance documents: Building Research Establishment (BRE) 2011 ‘’Site Planning for Daylight

and Sunlight: A Guide to Good Practice”, and Code of Practice for Daylighting BS 8206-2: 2008.

A large sample of worst-case rooms within the proposed scheme was assessed for daylight using the ADF

method and all rooms either meet or greatly exceed the minimum recommended ADF levels. Because

the assessed rooms are the worst case, we can safely conclude that all other rooms are well above the

minimum standards.

Having carried out an extensive assessment of the impact on daylight within the existing residences

(College park and Hampstead), we consider that, on the assumption that the proposed modifications are

made, daylight levels will be adequate or more than adequate.

An assessment of the courtyards, which have been designed to maximise access to direct sunlight, shows

that these areas will receive adequate sunlight levels throughout the year. The assessment of the impact

on sunlight at the Mall Area shows that the area will continue to receive more than adequate levels of

sunlight throughout the year.

Overall, we are satisfied that daylight and sunlight provision were a prior concern of the design team and

that the occupants will enjoy a high standard of accommodation in this regard.





Table of Contents

Document Control Sheet ................................................................................................................... 1

Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 2

Table of Contents .............................................................................................................................. 3

Table of Figures ................................................................................................................................. 5

Table of Tables .................................................................................................................................. 7

1 Introduction............................................................................................................................... 8

2 Brief Description of the Development Site ................................................................................. 9

Proposed Scheme Description .......................................................................................... 10

3 Planning Policy and Numerical Guidelines ................................................................................ 11

National Guidelines .......................................................................................................... 11

Local Planning Policy: Dublin Development Plan 2016-2022 ............................................. 12

BRE 209: Site Layout planning for daylight and Sunlight: A guide to Good practice (2011) 12

British Standard BS8206-2:2008 Lighting for Buildings – Part 2: Code of Practice for Daylighting 12

4 Calculation Procedure and Numerical Guidelines ..................................................................... 13

Daylight............................................................................................................................ 13

Distance Check ................................................................................................................. 13

Angular Assessment ......................................................................................................... 13

Vertical Sky Component ................................................................................................... 14

No Skyline ........................................................................................................................ 15

Average Daylight Factor ................................................................................................... 15

Assessment Methodology – Sunlight ................................................................................ 15

5 Site Layout and Typical Room Designs ...................................................................................... 17

Typical Room Designs ....................................................................................................... 19

Proposed Façades (Brick / Ceramic Rainscreen) ................................................................ 23

Window Arrangements for Proposed Block V4 ................................................................. 24

External Amenity Courtyards ............................................................................................ 26





6 Calculation Methods ................................................................................................................ 28

Analysis Software ............................................................................................................. 28

Impact on Daylight within Proposed Buildings .................................................................. 28

Impact on Daylight within the Existing Buildings (College Park and Hampstead Residences)30

6.3.1 New Window Installation in College Park .................................................................. 30

6.3.1 Window Modification in Hampstead Park ................................................................. 31

Sunlight and Annual Probable Sunlight Hours ................................................................... 32

7 Results ..................................................................................................................................... 33

Daylight within the Proposed Scheme .............................................................................. 33

Daylight within the Existing Scheme ................................................................................. 33

Sunlight Availability within Amenity Areas of Proposed Scheme ....................................... 33

7.3.1 Available Sun-hours in Courtyards ............................................................................ 33

Impact on Sunlight Levels in Existing Mall Area................................................................. 36

8 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................. 38

9 Appendix A: Results of Average Daylight Factor Analysis .......................................................... 39

Appendix A1: Average Daylight Factor for each space within the Proposed Scheme ......... 39

Appendix A2: Average Daylight Factor for each space within the Existing Scheme ............ 53

10 Appendix B: Architectural Drawing Schedule ........................................................................ 58

Appendix B1: Floor Layout Drawings with Room References within the Proposed Scheme59

Appendix B2: Floor Layout Drawings with Room References within the Existing Scheme .. 82

10.2.1 Appendix B2.1: Existing Block – Hampstead Court .................................................... 82

10.2.2 Appendix B2.2: Window Modification in Hampstead Court ....................................... 85

10.2.3 Appendix B2.3: Existing Block – College Park............................................................. 86

10.2.4 Appendix B2.4: New Window Installation in College Park ......................................... 91

11 Appendix C: 3-D Representation of the Digital Model ........................................................... 92





Table of Figures

Figure 2-1 Aerial view of the Proposed site for development ............................................................. 9

Figure 2-2 CGI Image of the Site (Proposed and Existing scheme) .................................................... 10

Figure 4-1 Angular assessment - 25 DEG rule ................................................................................... 13

Figure 5-1 Proposed site plan with Block and Courtyard references ................................................. 17

Figure 5-2 Proposed Site Layout with Mall area to the north-east .................................................... 18

Figure 5-3 3-D View of typical Kitchen/Living/Dining Room .............................................................. 19

Figure 5-4 Typical layout for Kitchen/Living/Dining Room with internal dimensions ......................... 19

Figure 5-5 Typical layout for an accessible bedroom with internal dimensions ................................. 20

Figure 5-6 Longitudinal section through Standard Bedroom ............................................................ 21

Figure 5-7 Furniture layout for Standard Bedroom........................................................................... 21

Figure 5-8 Typical layout for a Standard Bedroom with internal dimensions .................................... 22

Figure 5-9 Proposed Façades ........................................................................................................... 23

Figure 5-10 Block V4 - Southeast Elevation ...................................................................................... 24

Figure 5-11 Block V4 - Southeast Elevation (Window Arrangement Highlighted) .............................. 24

Figure 5-12 Preview of the Window Arrangement for Block V4 - Southeast Elevation ...................... 25

Figure 5-13 Courtyard No. 1............................................................................................................. 26

Figure 5-14 Courtyard No. 2 and 3 ................................................................................................... 27

Figure 5-15 Courtyard No. 4............................................................................................................. 27

Figure 7-1 Sun exposure scale.......................................................................................................... 36

Figure 7-2 Sun Exposure levels at The Mall (1m*1m grid) ................................................................ 36

Figure 7-3 Close-up of Sun Exposure levels at The Mall (1m*1m grid) .............................................. 37

Figure 7-4 Close-up of Sun Exposure levels at the southeast end of The Mall (1m*1m grid) ............. 37

Figure 10-1 Floor Layout of Block V3 – Ground Floor ....................................................................... 59

Figure 10-2 Floor Layout of Block V3 – Upper Ground Floor ............................................................. 60

Figure 10-3 Floor Layout of Block V3 – Second Floor ........................................................................ 61



Figure 10-6 Floor Layout of Block V4 – Second Floor ........................................................................ 64



Figure 10-9 Floor Layout of Block V5 – Third Floor ........................................................................... 67

Figure 10-10 Floor Layout of Block V1 – Ground Floor ..................................................................... 68





Figure 10-11 Floor Layout of Block V1 – Upper Ground Floor ........................................................... 69

Figure 10-12 Floor Layout of Block V1 – First Floor........................................................................... 70

Figure 10-13 Floor Layout of Block V1 – Fourth Floor ....................................................................... 71


Figure 10-15 Floor Layout of Block V6 – Second Floor ...................................................................... 73





Figure 10-20 Floor Layout of Block V8 - Upper Ground Floor ............................................................ 78




Figure 10-24 Floor Layout of Hampstead Court - Ground floor ......................................................... 82

Figure 10-25 Floor Layout of Hampstead Court - First floor .............................................................. 83

Figure 10-26 Floor Layout of Hampstead Court - Second floor ......................................................... 84

Figure 10-27 Window Modification Highlighted in Hampstead Court (East Elevation) ...................... 85

Figure 10-28 Floor Layout of College Park - Ground floor ................................................................. 86

Figure 10-29 Floor Layout of College Park - First floor ...................................................................... 87

Figure 10-30 Floor Layout of College Park - Second floor ................................................................. 88

Figure 10-31 Floor Layout of College Park - Third floor ..................................................................... 89

Figure 10-32 Floor Layout of College Park - Fourth floor .................................................................. 90

Figure 10-33 New Window Installation Highlighted in College Park .................................................. 91

Figure 11-1 Plan view of Existing Buildings and Proposed Scheme ................................................... 92

Figure 11-2 South aerial view of Existing Buildings (Test Rooms highlighted)................................... 93

Figure 11-3 East aerial view of Existing Buildings (Test Rooms highlighted) ...................................... 93

Figure 11-4 South aerial view of Existing Buildings and Proposed Scheme........................................ 94





Table of Tables

Table 6-1 Summary of the assessed rooms in Proposed Scheme ...................................................... 28

Table 6-2 Input Parameter for Proposed Scheme ............................................................................. 29

Table 6-3 Summary Table of the ADF levels for Proposed Scheme ................................................... 30

Table 6-4 Input Parameter for Existing Scheme................................................................................ 31

Table 6-5 Summary Table of the ADF levels for Existing Scheme ...................................................... 32

Table 9-1 Average Daylight Factor for Proposed Block V3 ................................................................ 39







Table 9-8 Average Daylight Factor for Existing Block - Hampstead Court .......................................... 53

Table 9-9 Average Daylight Factor for Existing Block - College Park .................................................. 56

Table 10-1 Architectural Drawing Schedule...................................................................................... 58





1 Introduction

Geraghty Energy Consultants have been appointed by the Coady Architects to prepare a daylight and

sunlight assessment in support of the planning application.

This report provides an assessment of the significant effects of the proposed development on the

environment with respect to daylight, sunlight and overshadowing.

The proposed development comprises the development of student accommodation at Dublin City

University Glasnevin Campus.

The report is structured as follows:

• Overview of the Proposed Scheme

• Policy Guidelines

• Assessment Methodology

• Daylight within the Proposed Scheme and Impact on Existing Residences

• Sunlight to Open Areas within the Proposed Scheme and Impact on Existing Open Areas

The report is supplemented with the following appendices:

• Appendix A: Results of Average Daylight Factor Analysis

• Appendix A1: Average Daylight Factor for each space within the Proposed Scheme

• Appendix A2: Average Daylight Factor for each space within the Existing Scheme

• Appendix B: Architectural Drawing Schedule

• Appendix B1: Floor Layout Drawings with Room References within the Proposed Scheme

• Appendix B2: Floor Layout Drawings with Room References within the Existing Scheme

• Appendix B2.1: Existing Block – Hampstead Court

• Appendix B2.2: Window Modification in Hampstead Court

• Appendix B2.3: Existing Block – College Park

• Appendix B2.4: New Window Installation in College Park

• Appendix C: 3-D Representation of the Digital Model





2 Brief Description of the Development Site

The proposed Student Residence development is located at DCU’s Glasnevin Campus. Figure 1 below

shows an aerial view of the existing site which consists of soccer pitches (A), Surface car parking (B), and

existing student residences (C).

Figure 2-1 Aerial view of the Proposed site for development

The two existing student residences to the south-west of area C are between four and five storeys high.

It is intended to demolish the student building in the centre of area C which was constructed c. 1970, in

order to make way for a more energy efficient and sustainable student residence.





Proposed Scheme Description

The development is being led by Coady Architects in collaboration with Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios.

The proposed development will consist of 1240 bedrooms. The buildings will range in height from

predominantly 5 storeys, to 6,7 and 10 storeys. The scheme accommodates a basement car park and

under croft podium in order to best utilise external space for active uses. Figure 2-2 below shows an

aerial view from due south of the proposed scheme.

Figure 2-2 CGI Image of the Site (Proposed and Existing scheme)





3 Planning Policy and Numerical Guidelines

The BRE209 Guidelines Site Planning for Daylight and Sunlight – A Guide to Good Practice, 2nd Edition

2011, by P. J. Littlefair, together with BS8206-2 Code of Practice for Daylighting, have been used as

reference standards. While these are non-statutory guidelines, they are referenced in national and local

policy in Ireland as standards to consider for the provision of daylight and sunlight in new developments.

National Guidelines

The recently adopted, Section 28 Guidelines, Urban Building Height Guidelines (December 2018)

published by the Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government identify that as reflected in

‘the National Planning Framework …. that there is significant scope to accommodate anticipated

population growth and development needs, whether for housing, employment or other purposes, by

building up and consolidating the development of our existing urban areas’ and that ‘securing compact

and sustainable urban growth means focusing on reusing previously developed ‘brownfield’ land,

building up infill sites (which may not have been built on before) and either reusing or redeveloping

existing sites and buildings, in well serviced urban locations, particularly those served by good public

transport and supporting services, including employment opportunities’.

The Guidelines reference NPO 13 (from the NPF) which states that ‘in urban areas, planning and

related standards, including in particular building height and car parking will be based on performance

criteria that seek to achieve well-designed high-quality outcomes in order to achieve targeted growth.

These standards will be subject to a range of tolerance that enables alternative solutions to be

proposed to achieve stated outcomes, provided public safety is not compromised and the environment

is suitably protected’. One of the key performance indicators identified in these statutory guidelines

relates to daylight and sunlight standards. Section 3.0 of the Urban Building Height Guidelines provide

guidance for Planning Authorities /An Bord Pleanala in considering development proposals for

buildings taller than prevailing building heights in pursuit of the Guidelines. In respect of the

site/buildings scale the guidelines require consideration of:

• The form, massing and height of proposed developments should be carefully modulated so as to

maximise access to natural daylight, ventilation and views and minimise overshadowing and loss of

light.

• Appropriate and reasonable regard should be taken of quantitative performance approaches to

daylight provision outlined in guides like the Building Research Establishment’s ‘Site Layout Planning

for Daylight and Sunlight (2nd Edition or BS 8206-2:2008 – ‘Lighting for Buildings- Part Local Planning

Policy and Guidelines





Local Planning Policy: Dublin Development Plan 2016-2022

The “Dublin City Development Plan 2016-2022” Chapter 16 “Development Standards: Design, Layout,

Mix of Uses and Sustainable Design” addresses the local planning policy and guidelines for the area.

This document states “Development shall be guided by the principles of Site Layout Planning for Daylight

and Sunlight, A guide to good practice (Building Research Establishment Report, 2011).”

As such, the 2011 (Second Edition) of this document has been considered in this report, Building research

Establishment “Site Layout Planning for Daylight and Sunlight: A Guide to Good Practice” by PJ Littlefair,

2011 Second Edition.

BRE 209: Site Layout planning for daylight and Sunlight: A guide to Good practice (2011)

The second edition of BRE 209, published in 2011 contains guidance on how to design developments,

whilst minimising the impacts on existing buildings from overshadowing and reduced levels of daylight

and sunlight. In addition, The BRE report provides advice on how to design buildings to ensure that good

practice levels of daylight and sunlight are provided.

As well as advice, the report contains a methodology to assess levels of daylight, sunlight and

overshadowing, and specifies criteria to determine the potential impacts of a new development on

surrounding buildings, and also to determine whether new developments are well lit internally.

However, the report does state that the good practice guidelines are not mandatory but should be

considered as a guide to help rather than constrain the designer.

British Standard BS8206-2:2008 Lighting for Buildings – Part 2: Code of Practice for Daylighting

Recommendations for daylight standards in dwellings are based on the British Standard BS8206-2:2008

Code of Practice for Lighting in Buildings.

It is important to note that the standard advises that the degree of satisfaction with visual comfort for

the occupants is related to the expectation of sunlight. If a dwelling is located in a group, the absence of

sunlight is more acceptable than where its exclusion seems arbitrary.





4 Calculation Procedure and Numerical Guidelines

The daylight and sunlight assessment, presented in this report, has been carried out in accordance with

the methodology outlined in the Building Research Establishment (BRE) Guide ‘’Site Layout Planning for

Sunlight and Daylight: A Guide to Good Practice, and the British Standard BS8206-2:2008 Lighting for

Buildings – Part 2: Code of Practice for Daylighting.

Daylight

The quality and quantity of daylighting in an interior space depends on two main factors: the external

environment and internal room layout. External factors include obstructions from nearby buildings or

structures whereas internal layouts and window size affect daylight distribution with a room. Section 2.1

of the BRE guide describe a number of methods for calculating daylight levels within buildings and that

only habitable rooms should be assessed against the criteria.

Distance Check

The BRE Guide states that existing windows do not need to be assessed if the distance of each part of

the new development from the existing window is three or more times its height above the centre of the

existing window. If the proposed development is closer than this, an angular assessment should be

carried out to establish the obstruction angle.

Angular Assessment

Initial screening tests whether a plane perpendicular to a window intersects an obstruction at an angle(θ)

of more than 25° above horizontal at the centre of the window. If this is the case, a more detailed check

is needed to evaluate the VSC received by the window. In the case of existing building’s, a check can be

made on the change in VSC between an existing condition and with a proposed development in place.

The figure below illustrates this principle.

Figure 4-1 Angular assessment - 25 DEG rule





Vertical Sky Component

If an obstruction angle of more than 25° exists at the centre of a window, further assessment to

determine the VSC at the centre of the window can be undertaken. The VSC is a measure of the amount

of the sky that is visible from the centre of an obstructed window relative to an unobstructed sky

hemisphere and provides a measure of the potential for daylight where room layouts and window sizes

are not known.

The excerpt from BRE below summarises the methodology for assessing access to daylight for existing

buildings.

‘If any part of a new building or extension, measured in a vertical section perpendicular to a main window

wall of an existing building, from the centre of the lowest window, subtends an angle of more than 25°

to the horizontal, then the diffuse daylight of the existing building may be adversely affected.

This will be the case if either:

• The VSC measured at the centre of an existing window is less than 27 degrees, and less than 0.8

times its former value.

• The area of the working plane in a room which can receive direct skylight is reduced to less than 0.8

times its former value.

The excerpt from BRE below summarises the methodology for assessing access to light from the sky for

new buildings.

‘Obstructions can limit access to light from the sky. This can be checked by measuring or calculating the

angle (θ) of visible sky, angle of obstruction or vertical sky component (VSC) at the centre of the lowest

window where daylight is required.

If VSC is:

• At least 27% (Θ is greater than 65°, obstruction angle less than 25°) conventional window design will

usually give reasonable results

• Between 15% and 27% (Θ is between 45° and 65°, obstruction angle between 25° and 45°) special

measures (larger windows, changes to room layout) are usually needed to provide adequate daylight

• Between 5% and 15% (Θ is between 25° and 45°, obstruction angle between 45° and 65°) it is very

difficult to provide adequate daylight unless very large windows are used

• Less than 5% (Θ less than 25°, obstruction angle more than 65°) it is often impossible to achieve

reasonable daylight, even if the whole window wall is glazed’





No Skyline

Where room layouts and window arrangements are known, the No Skyline can be plotted on the working

plane of a room, which will illustrate the dividing line between parts of the room that do and do not have

a view of the sky. The No Skyline is used to assess the impact of a new development on an existing

building by evaluating the area having a view of the sky with and without the new development in place.

If a new development causes the No Skyline to move so the area of a room having a view of the sky is

reduced to less than 0.8 times its former value, the impact of the new development will be noticeable to

occupants.

Average Daylight Factor

The most accurate measure of daylight provision in new and existing rooms is the ADF which is a measure

of the amount of daylight entering a room, taking into account the room layout, surface reflectance,

window size and glass light transmittance. British Standard Code of practice for daylighting, BS 8206-2

sets recommended values of ADF for different room types as follows:

• Non-domestic rooms including offices: 2.0 %

• Bedrooms: 1.0 %

• Living rooms: 1.5 %

• Kitchens: 2.0 %

Although BS 8206-2 recommend that ADF levels in common rooms should meet the standard set for

kitchens of 2%, we have set the threshold to minimum level set for living rooms at 1.5%. This is because

the kitchen area will only occupy about 25% of the total floor area whereas the area for dining and

seating will be approximately 75%.

Assessment Methodology – Sunlight

The BRE Guideline sets out the following methodology for assessing access to direct sunlight for existing

buildings.

‘If a living room of an existing dwelling has a main window facing within 90° of due south, and any part

of a new development subtends an angle of more than 25° to the horizontal measured from the centre

of the window in a vertical section perpendicular to the window in a vertical section perpendicular to

the window, then the sun-lighting of the existing window may be adversely affected.





This will be the case if the centre of the window:

• Receives less than 25% of annual probable sunlight hours, or less than 5% of annual probable sunlight

hours between 21 September and 21 March and;

• Receives less than 0.8 times its former sunlight hours during either period and;

• Has a reduction in sunlight received over the whole year greater than 4% of annual probable sunlight

hours.

The BRE Guideline provides the methodology outlined below for assessing access to direct sunlight for

gardens and open spaces.

‘It is recommended that for it to appear adequately sunlit throughout the year, at least half of a garden

or amenity area should receive at least two hours of sunlight on 21 March. If as a result of a new

development an existing garden or amenity area does not meet the above, and the area which can

receive two hours of sun on 21 March is less than 0.8 times its former value, then the loss of sunlight is

likely to be noticeable. If a detailed calculation cannot be carried out, it is recommended that the centre

of the area should receive at least two hours of sunlight on 21 March.’





5 Site Layout and Typical Room Designs

The proposed layout for each block and associated courtyard is shown in the site layout plan below.

Figure 5-1 Proposed site plan with Block and Courtyard references





Figure 5-2 Proposed Site Layout with Mall area to the north-east





Typical Room Designs

The scheme is designed to accommodate approximately 1240 bedrooms. Typical layouts with

dimensions are shown below for kitchen-living-dining rooms, standard bedrooms and accessible

bedrooms.

Figure 5-3 3-D View of typical Kitchen/Living/Dining Room

Figure 5-4 Typical layout for Kitchen/Living/Dining Room with internal dimensions





Figure 5-5 Typical layout for an accessible bedroom with internal dimensions





Figure 5-6 Longitudinal section through Standard Bedroom

Figure 5-7 Furniture layout for Standard Bedroom





Figure 5-8 Typical layout for a Standard Bedroom with internal dimensions

Proposed Façades (Brick / Ceramic Rainscreen)

Figure 5-9 Proposed Façades

Window Arrangements for Proposed Block V4

Figure 5-10 Block V4 - Southeast Elevation

Figure 5-11 Block V4 - Southeast Elevation (Window Arrangement Highlighted)





Figure 5-12 Preview of the Window Arrangement for Block V4 - Southeast Elevation





External Amenity Courtyards

The scheme is designed to contain seven blocks which sit around central accessible courtyards. The

courtyards while primarily for use by the students in the adjacent accommodation also provides for

access by wider student body and as a means of accessing through the blocks to other areas of the

campus. The scheme contains four designated courtyards which are shown below.

In each courtyard, the useable amenity space was coordinated with other features including louvred

openings for natural ventilation of the under-croft car parks and SUDS measures in the form of rainwater

garden areas. Additionally, the public routes to the east of the three upper courtyards have been

excluded from the assessment as they are not designated open spaces.

The courtyard layouts as shown below, indicate the areas which have been assessed for available sunlight

hours. The proposed layout for each courtyard is presented in the following diagrams.

Figure 5-13 Courtyard No. 1





Figure 5-14 Courtyard No. 2 and 3

Figure 5-15 Courtyard No. 4





6 Calculation Methods

Analysis Software

The daylight and sunlight analysis have been carried out using the following software programs:

• IES VE 2018 Model-It for development of the three-dimensional geometrical model

• IESVE 2018 SunCast for analysis of Probable Sunlight Hours at Restaurant Roof Window

• IESVE 2018 Radiance and FlucsDL for calculation of Daylight Factors within the proposed scheme

A digital model was created to represent the physical layout of the site, individual buildings, room layouts

including window arrangements and window reveals. The models were developed in accordance with

the drawings provided by the architectural team.

Impact on Daylight within Proposed Buildings

An assessment of daylight using the average daylight factor method has been carried out for 450

bedrooms and 96 common rooms within the proposed development. Reference rooms in the

assessment which were likely to fall below the required ADF were selected based on the orientation of

the building and overshadow of adjacent building.

Our initial ADF calculations on a number of worst-case units showed that a small number of spaces fell

below the guidelines. We worked closely with the designers in devising alternative designs that would

improve daylight levels. The changes to the design included modifications to the size of the windows,

setting out of the windows, depth of window reveals at various levels and interior finishes for maximising

reflections.

A comprehensive ADF assessment was then carried out for the whole scheme in order to ensure the

proposed design changes would provide the required levels of daylight thereby maximising visual

comfort. A summary of the assessed rooms is shown below:

Table 6-1 Summary of the assessed rooms in Proposed Scheme

Block Bedrooms Kitchen-Living-Dining Total no. of

rooms

V3 44 7 51

V4 63 6 69

V5 88 17 105

V1 117 26 143

V8 76 23 99

V7 63 17 80

Total 451 96 547





The input parameters to the ADF calculations including surface reflectances are outlined in the following

table.

Table 6-2 Input Parameter for Proposed Scheme

Element Value Source

Location and Climate File Dublin Airport -

Sky conditions Standard CIE Overcast sky Commission Internationale de L’Eclaraige

Surface reflectance: CIBSE Society of Light and Lighting

Ceiling 80% CIBSE Guide A Table 1.12

Internal Walls 70% CIBSE Guide A Table 1.12

Floors 35% CIBSE Guide A Table 1.12

External walls 15%

External ground 10%

Working plane height 0.70 metres BS8206 Part 2:2008

Area of interest defined (perimeter border depth) 0.5 metres CIBSE Code for interior lighting

Window specifications:

Light transmission 75% Typical triple-glazed specification

Outdoor reflectance 11% Typical triple-glazed specification

Indoor reflectance 7% Typical triple-glazed specification

Average frame thickness 50mm Typical for wood-framed casement windows

Room surface maintenance factor 0.90 CIBSE Society of Light and Lighting

The analysis shows that ADF levels for all assessed rooms are in line with the minimum recommended ADF

levels. All assessed bedrooms meet or exceed an ADF threshold of 1%, and all KLD spaces meet or greatly

exceed 1.5%. A summary of the ADF levels are presented in the following table.





Table 6-3 Summary Table of the ADF levels for Proposed Scheme

Overall pass rate as a function of the number of rooms (KLDs + Bedrooms)

Block Bedroom Kitchen-Living-Dining

Total no. of rooms

ADF result % of rooms achieving ADF target

Above Below

V3 44 7 51 51 0 100

V4 63 6 69 69 0 100

V5 88 17 105 105 0 100

V1 117 26 143 143 0 100

V8 76 23 99 99 0 100

V7 63 17 80 80 0 100

V6 26 10 36 36 0 100

The ADF levels for each assessed room are detailed in section 9.1 Appendix A1.

Impact on Daylight within the Existing Buildings (College Park and Hampstead Residences)

Even though BRE advocate the VSC method to assess the impact on daylight within existing buildings, we

have adopted the same approach adopted for the new scheme using the ADF method. This is because

the VSC method does not consider window size, glass transmissivity, room size and internal surface

reflectance’s, whereas the ADF method does.

An additional point is that the existing buildings (Hampstead and College Park) near the proposed

development are part of the DCU Campus which means that we had full access to all the rooms which

may be affected in terms of daylight access.

Naturally, there will be an impact on daylight levels within the existing buildings because, at the moment,

the proposed development site comprises a carpark and playing fields.

Our initial calculations showed that several units would fall well below the recommended daylight levels

which would be below the required levels. A number of modifications are therefore recommended, and

proposed as part of this application, to address this. These were as follows:

6.3.1 New Window Installation in College Park

Because the room depth and moderately small windows in the KLD rooms in College Park, the daylight

levels at the lower floors are only just adequate. The proposed scheme would cause these levels to drop

below the recommended standards. The room layout will facilitate the relatively easy installation of a

new window in the sidewall of the KLD room thus creating a dual aspect space with significantly higher

daylight levels.





This measure is proposed for 10 no. KLD rooms in College Park, as specified in the table of ADF results

for contained in section 9.2 Appendix A2. The proposed window arrangement is detailed in the architects

drawing in section 10.2.4 Appendix B2.4.

6.3.1 Window Modification in Hampstead Park

In the case of a single KLD room in the Hampstead Residence, it is necessary to modify the existing

windows of that room. It has been agreed to drop the windowsill from the current height of

approximately 1200 mm above finished floor level to 150mm above finished floor level. This will mean

that the room will achieve the recommended ADF level. The proposed window modification is detailed

in the architects drawing in section 10.2.2 Appendix B2.2.

Table 6-4 Input Parameter for Existing Scheme

Element Standard Source

Software program - IESVE Radiance Version 2018

Sky conditions CIE Overcast Sky CIE

Surface Reflectance:

Ceiling 82% BS 00E55 White

Internal Walls 71% BS 08B15 Off White

Floors 61% As per floor specification provided by Coady

(Marmoleum Concrete S 1510-G90Y)

External Ground 40% As per design specification

External Walls 40% As per design specification

External Roof 25% As per design specification

Window specifications:

Visible light transmission 80% Standard double pane

Outdoor reflectance 13% Standard double pane

Indoor reflectance 13% Standard double pane

Working plane height 0.70m -

Area of interest (perimeter border depth) 0.5m CIBSE Code for Interior Lighting

Maintenance Factor 0.96 BS 8206-2: 2008

Obstructions due to curtains and furniture Excluded -

Grid size for assessment area 0.5m -





The above works which have been included in this planning application to An Bord Pleanala will mean that

all the rooms which will be affected by the proposed scheme will either meet or significantly exceed the

minimum recommended ADF levels in BS8206-2. A summary of the ADF levels are presented in the following

table.

Table 6-5 Summary Table of the ADF levels for Existing Scheme

Overall pass rate as a function of the number of rooms (KLDs + Bedrooms)

Block Total no. of rooms ADF result

% of rooms achieving ADF target Above Below

Hampstead Residence 102 102 0 100.00

College Park 90 90 0 100.00

The ADF levels for each assessed room are detailed in section 9.2 Appendix A2.

Sunlight and Annual Probable Sunlight Hours

A computer simulation program was used to analyse sunlight within this development. IESVE Model-it

v2018 and IESVE SunCast v2018 were used to calculate annual probable sunlight hours in the amenity

areas.

A digital model was created to represent the physical layout of the site including the buildings, landscape,

and parapet walls. The model was based on the drawings provided by the architects, FCBS.

Our initial sunlight calculations showed that a small number of amenity areas fell below the guidelines.

We worked closely with the architects in devising alternative layouts that would improve available

sunlight in these areas. The changes to the design included modifications to the site layout, building

heights and areas designated as amenity space. These modifications consequently led to the

achievement of the required ADF for the failing amenity areas.





7 Results

Daylight within the Proposed Scheme

The analysis shows that ADF levels for all assessed rooms are in line with the minimum recommended

ADF levels. All assessed bedrooms meet or exceed an ADF threshold of 1%, and all KLD spaces meet or

greatly exceed 1.5%.

Daylight within the Existing Scheme

The analysis shows that ADF levels for all assessed rooms are in line with the agreed planning guidelines.

All assessed bedrooms meet or exceed an ADF threshold of 1%, and all KLD spaces meet or exceed 1.5%.

Sunlight Availability within Amenity Areas of Proposed Scheme

The sunlight assessment for each courtyard shows that more than 50% of the area designated for

amenity purposes will receive at least 2 hours of sunshine on the 21 March.

The expected sunlight levels for each courtyard is illustrated in the following sun-hour diagrams.

7.3.1 Available Sun-hours in Courtyards

Sun-hours Exposure scale and key plan





Courtyard 2 Area = 470.49 m2

Percentage ground where sun hours meet or exceed 2 hours = 58.87%

Courtyard 1 Area = 1469 m2

Percentage area of amenity space where sun hours meet or exceed 2 hours = 66.84%













Impact on Sunlight Levels in Existing Mall Area

The sunlight analysis for the Mall area located to the north of the proposed scheme shows that

overshadowing will occur but overall, the open area will significantly exceed recommended guidelines.

The calculated sunlight levels for the Mall Area with the proposed scheme are illustrated in the following

diagrams.

The solar exposure scale should be read in conjunction with the sun hour charts on the following page.

Figure 7-1 Sun exposure scale

Figure 7-2 Sun Exposure levels at The Mall (1m*1m grid)





Figure 7-3 Close-up of Sun Exposure levels at The Mall (1m*1m grid)

Figure 7-4 Close-up of Sun Exposure levels at the southeast end of The Mall (1m*1m grid)





8 Conclusions

An assessment of daylight and sunlight was carried out for the proposed student residence development

at Dublin City University Glasnevin Campus in support of the SHD planning application. The scope of the

assessment was as follows:

• Daylight levels within the proposed scheme

• Impact on daylight within the existing nearby residences (College Park and Hampstead)

• Sunlight access within the new amenity areas of the proposed scheme

• Impact on sunlight access received by the existing Mall Area

A large sample of worst-case rooms within the proposed scheme was assessed for daylight using the ADF

method and all rooms either meet or greatly exceed the minimum recommended ADF levels. Because

the assessed rooms are worst case, we can safely conclude that all other rooms are well above the

minimum standards.

Having carried out an extensive assessment of the impact on daylight within the existing residences

(College park and Hampstead), we consider that, on the assumption that the proposed modifications are

made, daylight levels will be adequate or more than adequate.

An assessment of the courtyards, which have been designed to maximise access to direct sunlight, shows

that these areas will receive adequate sunlight levels throughout the year. The assessment of the impact

on sunlight at the Mall Area shows that the area will continue to receive more than adequate levels of

sunlight throughout the year.

Overall, we are satisfied that daylight and sunlight provision were a prior concern of the design team and

that the occupants will enjoy a high standard of accommodation in this regard.





9 Appendix A: Results of Average Daylight Factor Analysis

Appendix A1: Average Daylight Factor for each space within the Proposed Scheme

Table 9-1 Average Daylight Factor for Proposed Block V3

Block Level Room type Room reference (Arch) ADF Results Target Conclusion

V3 Ground Bedroom Room 0002 3.6 1 Pass



V3 Ground Living/Dining/Kitchen Room 0001 2.2 1.5 Pass








V3 Upper Ground Bedroom Room 0016 2.6 1 Pass



V3 Upper Ground Living/Dining/Kitchen Room 0015 1.5 1.5 Pass








V3 Upper Ground Living Room Room 0029 1.5 1.5 Pass








V3 Upper Ground Bedroom Room 0024 2 1 Pass

V3 Level 2 Bedroom Room 0073 1.9 1 Pass


V3 Level 2 Living/Dining/Kitchen Room 0071 1.5 1.5 Pass










V3 Level 2 Bedroom Room 0088 2 1 Pass


















V4 Ground Bedroom Room 0170 2 1 Pass






V4 Ground Living/Dining/Kitchen Room 0155 2 1.5 Pass














































































V4 Level 2 Living/Dining/Kitchen Room 0243 2 1.5 Pass




































V5 Ground G_Bedroom_ 00 Room 0285 3 1 Pass

V5 Ground G_Bedroom_ 01 Room 0287 2.9 1 Pass


































































V5 Upper Ground UG-Room 01 Room 0349 2 1 Pass

V5 Upper Ground UG-Room 02 Room 0347 1.9 1 Pass





















































































V5 Level 3 L3_Bedroom_ 00 Room 0475 1.6 1 Pass



































V5 Level 3 Living/Dining/Kitchen Room 0438 1.7 1 Pass











Block Level Room type Room reference (Arch) ADF results Target Conclusion






























V1 Upper Ground Living/Dining/Kitchen Room 1118 2.2 1 Pass
































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































V7 Level 4 Living/Dining/Kitchen Room 0812 3 1.5 Pass














Block Level Room type Room reference (Arch)ADF results

(Area weighted)Target Conclusion









































Appendix A2: Average Daylight Factor for each space within the Existing Scheme

Table 9-8 Average Daylight Factor for Existing Block - Hampstead Court













Table 9-9 Average Daylight Factor for Existing Block - College Park









10 Appendix B: Architectural Drawing Schedule

Table 10-1 Architectural Drawing Schedule

Drawings Revision Date Received

1909-5-DIAG-Building Height Adjustment Table-181115 15-Nov-2018

0502 - Planning - Phase 1 Basement - 13-Nov-2018

0510 - Planning - Phase 2 Ground Level - 13-Nov-2018

0511 - Planning - Phase 2 Upper Ground Level - 13-Nov-2018

0512 - Planning - Phase 2 First Level - 13-Nov-2018

0513 - Planning - Phase 2 Second Level - 13-Nov-2018

0514 - Planning - Phase 2 Third Level - 13-Nov-2018

0515 - Planning - Phase 2 Fourth Level - 13-Nov-2018

0517 - Planning - Phase 2 Sixth Level - 13-Nov-2018

0518 - Planning - Phase 2 Seventh Level - 13-Nov-2018

0519 - Planning - Phase 2 Eighth Level - 13-Nov-2018

0520 - Planning - Phase 2 Roof Level - 13-Nov-2018

1909 GLA-FCBS-XX-ZZ-DR-A-0004 Building Sections - Sheet 01 - 07-Nov-2018







Appendix B1: Floor Layout Drawings with Room References within the Proposed Scheme

Figure 10-1 Floor Layout of Block V3 – Ground Floor





Figure 10-2 Floor Layout of Block V3 – Upper Ground Floor





Figure 10-3 Floor Layout of Block V3 – Second Floor






























Figure 10-9 Floor Layout of Block V5 – Third Floor















Figure 10-12 Floor Layout of Block V1 – First Floor





Figure 10-13 Floor Layout of Block V1 – Fourth Floor



































Figure 10-20 Floor Layout of Block V8 - Upper Ground Floor




















Appendix B2: Floor Layout Drawings with Room References within the Existing Scheme

10.2.1 Appendix B2.1: Existing Block – Hampstead Court

Figure 10-24 Floor Layout of Hampstead Court - Ground floor





Figure 10-25 Floor Layout of Hampstead Court - First floor





Figure 10-26 Floor Layout of Hampstead Court - Second floor





10.2.2 Appendix B2.2: Window Modification in Hampstead Court

Figure 10-27 Window Modification Highlighted in Hampstead Court (East Elevation)





10.2.3 Appendix B2.3: Existing Block – College Park

Figure 10-28 Floor Layout of College Park - Ground floor





Figure 10-29 Floor Layout of College Park - First floor





Figure 10-30 Floor Layout of College Park - Second floor





Figure 10-31 Floor Layout of College Park - Third floor





Figure 10-32 Floor Layout of College Park - Fourth floor





10.2.4 Appendix B2.4: New Window Installation in College Park

Figure 10-33 New Window Installation Highlighted in College Park





11 Appendix C: 3-D Representation of the Digital Model

Figure 11-1 Plan view of Existing Buildings and Proposed Scheme





Figure 11-2 South aerial view of Existing Buildings (Test Rooms highlighted)

Figure 11-3 East aerial view of Existing Buildings (Test Rooms highlighted)





Figure 11-4 South aerial view of Existing Buildings and Proposed Scheme

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