Dbg163 Da Real Deal 2

8/19/2019 Dbg163 Da Real Deal 2

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[Type text]

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PERAK

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING & SURVEYING

DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING (AP116)

SITE SURVEYING 2

Prepared by:

ABANG ASYRAF AZIZI

BIN ABANG AZIZ

20144600338

MUHAMMAD SHAMIMBIN AHMAD AII

2014111623

!IZZAD AMIRU

ARASH BIN M"HD

NIZAM

201#84$#84

MUHAMMAD HAFIZ

BIN R"SDI

201#600338

M"HAMAD AMIRU

AMIN BIN MD

BADRU HISHAM

201#820326

AMIR HAFIZUDIN BIN

A%AN

201#88$$24

MUHAMMAD AMIN

FARID BIN AMINUDIN

201#824#28

Prepared &'r: PUAN SUZANAH BIN%I ABDUAH

TABLE OF CONTENT


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1.0.

I

NTRODUCTION

S()e S*r+ey (( (, a d(re-) -'.)(.*a)('. '& )/e ,yab*, &r' )/e &(r,) ,ee,)er, S()e S*r+ey ( (. )/(,

-'*r,e e are e5p',ed )' )/e ba,(, '& ,()e ,*r+ey(. 'r7, /(-/ pay, a. (p'r)a.) r'e (. '*r (.e

'& 'r7 %/e a--**a)('. '& )/e ,yab*, &r' )/(, 2 ,ee,)er '. -'*r,e -',ey rea)e ()/ '.e

a.')/er )' (+e a ba,(- ,*r+ey'r, ,7(,

F'r )/e d*ra)('. '& )/(, ,ee,)er, e are )a*/) /' )' per&'r a )a-/e'e)ry ,*r+ey )ra+er,e

,*r+ey a.d ,e))(. '*) ,*r+ey

A, a )e,) '& '*r *.der,)a.d(. '& )/e -'*r,e e ere )e,)ed (. a 4 day, 3 .(/), )r(p S*r+ey 9ap

/ere e ( appy a )/e pra-)(-a )ra(.(. e /ad d'.e )' a--*ra)ey a.d e&&(-(e.)y -'pe)e a)a-/e'e)ry ,*r+ey )ra+er,e ,*r+ey a.d ,e))(. '*) ,*r+ey

Be&'re e ,e) '&& )' )/e ,()e '-a)('. e .eed )' &( a &'r )' b'rr' )/e e*(pe.) ,*-/ a,

)/e'd'()e a*)'a)(- e+e ,)a&& ,)a&& b*bbe )r(p'd ea,*r(. )ape a-/e)e p*b b'b /aer

,a a.d p(*e)

2.0. LOCATION OF ORK

"*r '-a)('. '& ,()e (, a) ;'pe7, Ra7a. M*da ar*) Ma)a. ;a*.)(. Pera7 %/e ,*r&a-e '& )/e,()e (, &a) &(ed %/ere are '.y ,'e )ree, ,*rr'*.d(. )/e &(ed %/e %ep'rary Be.-/ar7 (, .ear

)/e &a-(()(e, )/ere are a &e 'b,)a-e, )' e) &r' )/e %BM


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Figure 1 our site location

Figure 2 the Temporary Benchmark

'.0. ACKNOLEDGEMENT

F(r,) '& a e '*d (7e )/a.7 '*r e-)*rer P*a. S*a.a/ B(.)( Abd*a/ 9'*r,e e-)*rer

U.(+er,()y %e-/.''y MARA e '*d a,' (7e )' )/a.7 /er ()/ )/e /(/e,) ra)()*de &'r *(d(. *,

)/r'*/ '*r d(&&(-*) )a,7, >e '*d .') be abe )' &(.(,/ '*r )a,7, ()/'*) /er Ne5) e

3


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'*d a,' (7e )' )/a.7 !.-(7 NaC(b B(. H*,,(. &'r (+(. *, a /ep(. /a.d >e '*d a,'

(7e )' e5pe.d '*r deepe,) ra)()*de )' a )/',e /' /a+e d(re-)y a.d (.d(re-)y *(ded *, (.

r()(. )/(, a,,(.e.) Ma.y pe'pe e,pe-(ay '*r -a,,a)e, a.d )ea eber, (),e&

/a+e ade +a*abe -'e.) ,*e,)('., '. )/(, rep'r) /(-/ a+e *, a. (.,p(ra)('. )'

(pr'+e '*r a,,(.e.) >e )/a.7, a pe'pe &'r )/e(r /ep d(re-)y a.d (.d(re-)y )'

-'pe)e '*r a,,(.e.)

TRAVERSE AND COMPASS

4


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TABLE OF CONTENT

5

N" 9"N%!N% PAG!

40 %ra+er,e ? -'pa,, :@

41 I.)r'd*-)('. A( a.d "bCe-)(+e,

4.1.1 %ra+er,e4.1.2 9'pa,,

42 I.,)r*e.),

43 %/e'ry '& 'r7,

44 Pr'-ed*re

4.5 Re,*),

4#1 9a-*a)('.,

4.5.2 A.ay,(,

8

@10

1112

14@1#

16@1


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.1. INTRODUCTION, AIM AND OBECTIVES

.1.1 TRAVERSE

I"#*!+-#!"

%ra+er,e (, a e)/'d (. )/e &(ed '& )/e ,*r+ey(. )' e,)ab(,/ -'.)r' .e)'r7, I) (.+'+e

pa-(. ,*r+ey ,)a)('., a'. a (.e 'r pa)/ '& )ra+e a.d )/e. *,(. )/e pre+('*,y ,*r+eyed

p'(.), a, a ba,e &'r 'b,er+(. )/e .e5) p'(.)

%' )ype '& )ra+er,e@ )/ere are )' )ype '& )ra+er,e /(-/ (, 'pe. )ra+er,e a.d -',ed

)ra+er,e

A/ & !$-#$

1 )' 7.' )/e ad+a.)ae, '& bear(. a.d )/e(r *,e (. +ar('*, ,*r+ey .e)'r7,2 )' be &a((ar ()/ )/e -/e-7, a.d err'r, (. a -',ed )ra+er,e a.d ,'+e )/e3 )' be &a((ar ()/ +ar('*, )ype, a.d e)/'d, 'r )ra+er,e ,*r+ey(. &'r de)a((.4 )' 7.' e ab'*) )/e )ra+er,e -'p*)a)('. a.d be &*e.) (. ()

.1.2 COMPASS

I"#*!+-#!"

9'pa,, ,*r+ey(. (, a .a+(a)('. ,*r+ey /(-/ (, *,ed &'r de)er(.(. -'*r,e ayp'(.),

a.d d(re-)('. a.d &'r -a-*a)('., bear(., '& ,*r+ey (.e, a.d a.e, be)ee. )/e

I) (, a )ype '& ,*r+ey (. /(-/ )/e d(re-)('., '& ,*r+ey(. (.e, are de)er(.ed ()/ a

a.e)(- -'pa,, %/e -'pa,, (, e.eray *,ed )' r*. a )ra+er,e (.e %/e -'pa,,

-a-*a)e, bear(. '& (.e, ()/ re,pe-) )' /%"$#- "!*#3

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A/ & !$-#$

1 )' de)er(.e )/e a.e '& a ,)a)('. &r' a.')/er ,)a)('. &r' a.e)(- .'r)/2 )' de)er(.e )/e da)* &'r )ra+er,e ,*r+ey(.

.2 INSTRUMENTS

N' !*(pe.) F*.-)('.1 Pe ar7er %' ar7 ,)a)('.,

2 %/e'd'()e 1 %a7e bear(. '&

/'r('.)a a.e2 %a7e read(.

'& +er)(-a a.e

3 Re&ere.-e p'(.) '& ,'pe

d(,)a.-e

3 %r(p'd A ,)abe a.d ,)r'. ,)a.d &'r

)/e )/e'd'()e

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4 Mea,*r(. )ape 1 %' ea,*re be)ee. )'

d(,)a.-e ,)a)('.,2 %' ea,*re ,'pe

d(,)a.-e be)ee. )'

,)a)('.,

# P*b'p Re&ere.-e p'(.) &'r

)/e'd'()e )' ,e) pre-(,e

read(. '& bear(.

6 %/ree eed ,)a.d H'd p*b'p (. pa-e

$ 9'pa,, %' &(.d )/e da)*


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.' THEORY OF ORK

%ra+er,e (, a )ype '& ,*r+ey (. /(-/ eber '& -'..e-)ed ,*r+ey (.e, &r' )/e &rae'r7

a.d )/e d(re-)('. a.d e.)/, '& )/e ,*r+ey (.e, are ea,*red ()/ )/e /ep '& a.d a.e


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. METHODOLOGY4 PROCEDURE

1 Re-'..a(,,a.-e ,*r+ey• U,e whole to part” pr(.-(pe• S)a)('., (, de-(ded /ere () -a. -eary be ,ee. a.d re&erred )'

2 S)a)('. ar7(.• F'*r ,)a)('. a, ar7ed ()/ p(-7e)• Mar7 )/e ,)a)('. ba,e '. -'-7(,e d(re-)('.• %/e d(,)a.-e be)ee. ,)a)('. (, 18EM E21

3 F(.d(. )/e da)* bear(.• Se))(. *p a -'pa,,

- Se) *p )r(p'd- I.,)a -'pa,,

•

9e.)er(. a.d e+e(. a -'pa,,• Re'+(. paraa5• %a7e )/e read(. '& ,)a)('. 2 )' ,)a)('. 1 &r' N'r)/ bear(.


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$ Repea)(. ,)ep 6 *.)( )/e arr(+a a) )/e &(.a ,)a)('.8 9/e-7(. )/e -',*re '& )/e )ra+er,e

• D(&&ere.-e '. )/e &(.a &a-e e&) read(. a.d da)* *,) .') /a+e a (,-',*re'& 're )/a. 11#

.5 RESULTS

.5.1 C%-%#!"7

%ra+er,e b''7(. &'r

11


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9a-*a)('., &'r )ra+er,e

12


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.5.2 A"%877 !9 +%#%

LATITUDE : D cosθ

S%A%I"N 2 2848 -', 2#$3$41

6202 S

S%A%I"N 3 28# -', 3#10$02

2864$ N

S%A%I"N 4 2#868 -', $$333

##$2 N

S%A%I"N 1 28 -', 16#0000

@28011 S

13


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DEPARTURE : D sinθ

S%A%I"N 2 2848 ,(. 2#$3$41

282$# >

S%A%I"N 3 28# ,(. 3#10$02

44$$ >

S%A%I"N 4 2#868 ,(. $$333

2#261 !

S%A%I"N 1 28 ,(. 16#0000

$#0# !

; LATITUDE : TOTAL NORTH < TOTAL SOUTH

3421@34213

0006

; DEPARTURE : TOTAL EAST < TOTAL EST

32$66@32$

0014

LINEAR ERROR : √ ∆ L3+∆ D

2

:0.015

ACCURACY :TOTALDISTANCE LINEARERROR

:112.=1040..015

:>06.''?

14


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COORDINATES: N4S1 !* E41 < A+. %##+$1 4 A+. +$@%*#*$1

COORDINATES N4S

S%A%I"N 2 1000@28013

$18$

S%A%I"N 3 $18$@6203

6#$84

S%A%I"N 4 6#8$J 282#8

442

S%A%I"N 1 442J##$1

1000

COORDINATES E4

S%A%I"N 2 1000J$#01

100$#01

S%A%I"N 3 100$#01 @282$8

$223

S%A%I"N 4 $223@ 4481

$4$42

S%A%I"N 1 $4$42J 2#2#8

1000

15


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%/e per(,,(be (,-',*re a'ed (. a )ra+er,e )/e'd'()e ,*r+ey (, a a5(* '& K

11#00 A.y (,-',*re /(/er '*d re,*) (. )/e &a(*re '& )/e ,*r+ey %/(, '*d ea.

)/e ,*r+ey '*d /a+e )' be repea)ed aa(. *.)( )/e appr'pr(a)e ,* '& (,-',*re (,

a-/(e+ed %/e (,-',*re y )ea a, abe )' 'b)a(. a, be' K 11#00 (. )/e ,* '&

0001# /(-/ a, a. a--ep)abe (,-',*re %/(, a'ed *, )' '+e '. )' .e5) ,)ae

/(-/ (, )/e )ra+er,e -a-*a)('.,

%/ere are )/ree )ype, '& a--*ra-y rade, &'r e+ery )ra+er,e :@

1,) 8000

2.d4000

3rd3000

%/e /(/e,) a--*ra-y y )ea a, abe )' a-/(e+e a, 1:$4063 /(-/ &a, *.der )/e 2.d

-a,, -',ed )ra+er,e

%/e,e are )/e &''(. -''rd(.a)e, &'r ea-/ '& )/e ,)a)('.,

S)a)('., NLS !L>1 1000 10002 $18$ 100$#01

3 6#$84 $2234 442 $4$42

16


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5.0 TACHEOMETRY AND LEVELLING

17


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TABLE OF CONTENT

5.1 INTRODUCTION AIM & OBECTIVE

5.1.1 TACHEOMETRY

I"#*!+-#!"

%a-/e'e)ry (, a ,y,)e '& rap(d ,*r+ey(. by /(-/ )/e p',()('., b')/ /'r('.)a a.d

+er)(-a '& p'(.), '. )/e ear)/ ,*r&a-e rea)(+ey )' '.e a.')/er are de)er(.ed ()/'*) *,(.

a -/a(. 'r )ape 'r a ,epara)e e+e(. (.,)r*e.)

%/e 'rd(.ary e)/'d, '& ,*r+ey(. ()/ a )/e'd'()e -/a(. a.d e+e(. (.,)r*e.) are

&a(ry ,a)(,&a-)'ry /e. )/e r'*.d (, pre))y -ear '& 'b,)r*-)('., a.d .') +ery pre-(p()'*,

b*) () be-'e, e5)reey -*ber,'e /e. )/e r'*.d (, -'+ered ()/ b*,/ 'r br'7e. *p

by ra+(.e, 9/a(. ea,*ree.), )/e. be-'e ,' a.d (abe )' -'.,(derabe err'r )/e

18

N" 9"N%!N% PAG!#0 %a-/e'e)ry ? e+e(.

5.1.0 I.)r'd*-)('. A( a.d "bCe-)(+e,

#11 %a-/e'e)ry

#12 e+e(.

5.2.0 I.,)r*e.),

#30 %/e'ry '& 'r7,

5.3.1 %a-/e'e)ry

#32 e+e(.

#40 Pr'-ed*re

##0 Re,*),

5.5.1 9a-*a)('.,

##1A e+e(.

##1B )a-/e'e)ry

5.5.2 A.ay,(,

##2A e+e(.

##2B )a-/e'e)ry

22

23

24@26

2$

28

2@30

32

33@3#

36@3$

38


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5.2 INSTRUMENTS USED

N' !*(pe.) F*.-)('.1 P$ /%*$* 1. T! /%* 7#%#!"7 -$%*8

2 T3$!+!#$ (#%-3$!/$#*8) 1.T! *$%+ #3$ 3!*!"#% %"+ $*#-%

%"$ 9!* #%-3$!/$#*8

2.T%$ $%*" !9 3!*!"#% %"$

'. T%$ *$%+" !9 $*#-% %"$

. T%$

T!@ 7#%+% *$%+"

M++$ 7#%+% *$%+"

B!##!/ 7#%+% *$%+"

' T*@!+ 1. A 7#%$ %"+ 7#*!" 7#%"+ 9!* #3$

#3$!+!#$

M$%7*" #%@$ 1. T! /$%7*$ $#$$" #! +7#%"-$

7#%#!"7.

2. T! /$%7*$ -!"#!* "#$*%7

20


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5 P/!@ 1. R$9$*$"-$ @!"# 9!* #3$!+!#$ #!

7$# @*$-7$ *$%+" !9 $%*"

6 S#%99 1. S$$"-$7 !9 "/$*7 7$+ #!

+$#$*/"$ #3$ $$ !9 % @!"#

= S#%99 $ %%"-$* 1. T! /%$ 7*$ #3$ 7#%99 7 3$+

@*3# %"+ $*#-%

? S#*" 1. T! -$%*8 $7#%73 #3$ #*%$*7$

9!* #%-3$!/$#*8

21


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10 A#!/%#- $$ ($$") 1. T! *$%+ #3$ 7#%99 9!* $$"

5.' THEORY OF ORK

5.'.1 TACHEOMETRY%/e 'rd(.ary e)/'d, '& ,*r+ey(. ()/ a )/e'd'()e -/a(. a.d e+e(. (.,)r*e.) are

&a(ry ,a)(,&a-)'ry /e. )/e r'*.d (, pre))y -ear '& 'b,)r*-)('., a.d .') +ery pre-(p()'*,

b*) () be-'e, e5)reey -*ber,'e /e. )/e r'*.d (, -'+ered ()/ b*,/ 'r br'7e. *p

by ra+(.e, 9/a(. ea,*ree.), )/e. be-'e ,' a.d (abe )' -'.,(derabe err'r )/e

e+e(. )'' (, -arr(ed '. a) rea) d(,ad+a.)ae (. p'(.) '& ,peed )/'*/ ()/'*) ,er('*,

',, '& a--*ra-y

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%/e,e d(&&(-*)(e, ed )' )/e (.)r'd*-)('. '& )a-/e'e)ry (. /(-/ (.,)ead '& )/e p'e

&'rery ep'yed )' ar7 a p'(.) a ,)a&& ,((ar )' a e+e ,)a&& (, *,ed %/(, (, ar7ed ()/

/e(/), &r' )/e &'') a.d (, rad*a)ed a--'rd(. )' )/e &'r '& )a-/e'e)er (. *,e %/e

a(*)/ a.e (, de)er(.ed a, &'rery %/e /'r('.)a d(,)a.-e (, (.&erred e()/er &r' )/e

+er)(-a a.e (.-*ded be)ee. )' e@de&(.ed p'(.), '. )/e ,)a&& a.d )/e 7.'. d(,)a.-e

be)ee. )/e 'r by read(., '& )/e ,)a&& (.d(-a)ed by )' &(5ed ,)ad(a (re, (. )/e d(ap/ra


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b'))' '& /a) appear, )' be a ,)y(ed ! /e. +(e(. )/e

,)a&& )/e read(. ( )/*, +ary be)ee. a /(/ a.d ' p'(.) %/e -'rre-) read(. (, )/e

'e,) +a*e

5. PROCEDURE4METHODOLOGY

%/e -a-*a)('. pr'-e,, '& )a-/e'e)ry -a..') be d'.e ()/'*) &(.d(. )/e e+e '& ,)a)('. '.

/(-/ )/e )a-/e'e)ry, (.,)r*e.)


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%/e ,e-'.d ,)ep (, a&)er -/'',(. a ,*()abe r'*)e a ,*()abe d(,)a.-e '& ar'*.d 18E 5 E21

(, -/',e. be)ee. -/a.e p'(.), %/e d(,)a.-e (, ea,*red by a ea,*r(. )ape

%/e )/(rd ,)ep (, )/e (.,)r*e.) /e. appr'a-/(. )/e a(. p'(.) '& )/e ,*r+ey /(-/ (, )/e p'(.) )' be *,ed &'r )a-/e'e)ry

%/e appr'a-/ (, d(&&ere.) %/e ,*r+ey (, )/e. -'.)(.*ed by )a7(. a.')/er p'(.) '& )/e

)ra+er,e ,)a)('.


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e+eed %/e paraa5 (, re'+ed %/e &a-e e&) (, ,e) )' )/e da)* bear(. %/e +er)(-a

bear(. (, '-7ed .ear a) 00000 )' a7e )/e -a-*a)('., ea,(er

A )/e p'(.), ar7ed (.,(de )/e )ra+er,e (, )a7e. by read(. )/e ,)a&& -e.)ered a.d baa.-ed

by a b*bbe ,)a&& %/e ,)a&& (, /ed *pr(/) by a per,'. A) ea-/ '& )/e p'(.), )/e /'r('.)a bear(. *pper ,)ad(a (dde ,)ad(a a.d b'))' ,)ad(a (, )a7e. a.d b''7ed

5.5 RESULTS

26


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27


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5..1 CALCULATIONS

5..1.A LEVELLING CALCULATIONSe+e(. b''7(. &'r

5..1.B TACHEOMETRY CALCULATIONS

28


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%a-/e'e)ry b''7(. &'r

29


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30


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5..2 ANALYSIS OF DATA

5..2.A LEVELLINGC%-%#!" 9!* *$+-$+ $$

RL : RL (FSBS)

RL : red*-ed e+e &'r a 9P

31


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RL: red*-ed e+e '& pre+('*, 9PFS: &'re ,(/)BS: ba-7 ,(/)

C%-%#!" 9!* 3$3# !9 -!/%#!"

H.O.C : RL BS

H.O.C : /e(/) '& -'(a)('.RL: red*-ed e+e '& pre+('*, 9P

BS: ba-7 ,(/)M7-!7*$

;M : JRISE JFALL

;M: M(,-',*reJRISE: S* '& r(,eJFALL: S* '& &a

;M : RL(TBM) < RL(FINAL)

;M: M(,-',*reRL(TBM): )eper'rary be.-/ ar7 red*-ed e+eRL(FINAL): red*-ed e.)/ &(.a

C%-%#!" 9!* %--$@#%$ /7-!7*$

A--$@#%$ /7-!7*$ :12√

JD(KM) : //

JD(KM): %')a d(,)a.-e (. 7('e)er

%/ere&'re@A--ep)abe (,-',*re 1203$306

32


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$13M(,-',re a-/(e+ed 01By -'par(. )/e da)a )/e (,-',*re (, a. a--ep)abe (,-',*re a, () (, ,aer )/a. )/e a5(* (,-',*re a'ed %/e &(.a par) '& )/e

-a-*a)('., /(-/ (, )/e )ra+er,e adC*,)e.) -a. be app(ed

C%-%#!" 9!* $$" /7-!7*$

RLadjustment =∆M ∑n

×n

;M: (,-',*reJ": )')a .*ber '& 9P


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Oer)(-a d(,)a.-e


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HI: /e(/) '& (.,)r*e.)

V: +er)(-a d(,)a.-e

3: (dde ,)ad(a '& RL ,)a)('.

By '-7(. )/e +er)(-a a.e by 0 )/e -a-*a)('. &'r p'))(. pr'-e,, -a. be d'.e *-/ &a,)er a.d *-/ ea,(er

6.0 SETTING OUT

35


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TABLE OF CONTENT

36

N" 9"N%!N% PAG!

#0 Se))(. '*) :@

#1 I.)r'd*-)('. A( a.d "bCe-)(+e,

#2 I.,)r*e.),

#3 %/e'ry '& 'r7,

#4 Pr'-ed*re

## Re,*),

##1 9a-*a)('.,

##2 A.ay,(,

41

42@43

44

4#

46

4$@#0


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5.1 INTRODUCTION AIM & OBECTIVEI"#*!+-#!"

Se))(. '*) (, '&)e. *,ed )/a) () (, re+er,e '& ,*r+ey(. I) (, a,' 7.'. a, -!"7#*-#!" 7*$8. >/erea, ,*r+ey(. (, a pr'-e,, &'r &'r(.

ap, a.d pa., '& a par)(-*ar ,()e 'r area ,e))(. be(., ()/ pa. a.d e.d, ()/ )/e +ar('*, eee.), '& a par)(-*ar pa. -'rre-)y p',()('.ed

'. ,()e Se))(. '*) (, '.e app(-a)('. '& ,*r+ey(. M(,)a7e, &r' ,e))(. '*) -a. be -',)y%/(, ,*r+ey (, *,ed )' S*r+ey e5(,)(. -'.d()('., '& )/e &*)*re 'r7 ,()e (.-*d(. )'p'rap/y e5(,)(. b*(d(., a.d (.&ra,)r*-)*re a.d

*.derr'*.d (.&ra,)r*-)*re /e.e+er p',,(be


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5.2 INSTRUMENTS USED

N' !*(pe.) F*.-)('.1 Pe ar7er %' ar7 ,)a)('.,

2 %/e'd'()e 1 '-7 )/e /'r('.)a a.e

(. pa-e

3 %r(p'd A ,)abe a.d ,)r'. ,)a.d &'r

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)/e )/e'd'()e

4 Mea,*r(. )ape 3 %' ea,*re be)ee. )'

d(,)a.-e ,)a)('.,4 %' ea,*re )/e d(,)a.-e

be)ee. ,)a)('., a.d

,pe-(&(- p'(.), (. a

)ra+er,e

# P*b'p Re&ere.-e p'(.) &'r

)/e'd'()e )' ,e) pre-(,e

read(. '& bear(.

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6 %/ree eed ,)a.d H'd p*b'p (. pa-e

$ Ra.(. p'e %' /ep &(.d a ,pe-(&(- p'(.)

(. a )ra+er,e

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5.' THEORY OF ORK S*r+ey(. e*(pe.) ,*-/ a, e+e, a.d )/e'd'()e, are *,ed &'r a--*ra)e ea,*ree.) '& a.*ar de+(a)('. /'r('.)a +er)(-a a.d ,'pe

d(,)a.-e,

I. )/e -a,e '& b*(d(., a. arb()rary ,y,)e '& r(d, (, '&)e. e,)ab(,/ed ,' a, )' -'rre,p'.d )' )/e r', '& -'*., a.d )/e aC'r 'ad@bear(.

a, '& )/e b*(d(. %/e r(d, ay be (de.)(&(ed ap/abe)(-ay (. '.e d(re-)('. a.d .*er(-ay (. )/e ')/er d(re-)('. /e. *,ed )'e)/er ()/ a rad*a)ed ,)a&& () -a. be *,ed )' )ra.,&er ee+a)('., &r' '.e '-a)('. )'

a.')/er

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5. PROCEDUREBe&'re ,()e 'r7, are )' be d'.e -a-*a)('., a.d p'))(. (, ade '. )/e aready -'pe)ed )ra+er,e ap %/e d(,)a.-e a.d /'r('.)a a.e are

-a-*a)ed a.d -/e-7ed by *,(. a pr')ra-)'r '. )/e apA&)er )/e -'p*)a)('. (, -'pe)ed a )/e'd'()e (, ,e) *p a) )/e ,)a)('. -/',e. )' be )/e *(de &'r )/e ,e))(. '*) %/e )r(p'd (, ,)''d *pard, a.d

'-7ed (.)' pa-e %/e )/e'd'()e (, )/e. (.,)aed %/e (.,)r*e.) (, )/e. -e.)ered a.d e+eed %/e paraa5 (, re'+ed %/e &a-e e&) bear(. (,

)/e. ,e) a.d '-7ed )' )/e (.,)r*e.)By re&err(. )' )/e bear(. (. )/e -'p*)a)('., )/e )/e'd'()e


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5.5 RESULTS5.5.1 CALCULATIONSFROM STATION '

P"IN%9""RDINA%!S

B!ARING DIS%AN9! NLS !L>

A $$82 86121# 2°4020 134B 8$82 86121# #4°22’40” 20$8

9 $$82 6121# 1$°14$ 233#D 8$82 6121# 3$°2336 2$826

FROM STATION

9""RDINA%!S

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P"IN% B!ARING DIS%AN9! NLS !L>A $$82 86121# 14#°2820 200$4B 8$82 86121# 12$°43’19” 2$029 $$82 6121# 10$°0006 223#$D 8$82 6121# 11°5231 13123

5.5.2 ANALYSIS OF DATAF*!/ 7#%#!" '

STATION A - 3

STATION NORTH EAST

A 977.892 986.12152 965.784 979.223∆N = 6.8985 ∆E = 12.108

DISTANCE = √ (∆N)2 + (∆E)2

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tanθ=(∆E

∆N )

D = 13.94

θ = 29°40’20

STATION B - 3

STATION NORTH EASTB 987.892 986.1215

3 965.784 979.223∆N = 16.8985 ∆E = 12.108

DISTANCE = √ (∆N)2 + (∆E)2

tanθ=(∆E

∆N )

D = 20.789

θ = 54°22’40

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STATION C - 3

STATION NORTH EASTC 977.892 996.1215

3 965.784 979.223∆N =16.8985 ∆E = 22.108

DISTANCE = √ (∆N)2 + (∆E)2

tanθ=(∆E

∆N )

D = 23.359

θ = 17°19’47

STATION D - 3

STATION NORTH EASTD 987.892 996.1215

3 965.784 979.223∆N = 6.8985 ∆E = 22.108

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180° ! θ = 145°28’20

STATION B - 4

STATION NORTH EASTB 987.892 986.1215

2 994.479 974.742∆N = 21.3795 ∆E = !16.537

DISTANCE = √ (∆N)2 + (∆E)2

tanθ=(∆E

∆N )

D = 27.029

180°−θ = 127°43’19

STATION C - 4

STATION .. EASTC 977.892 996.1215

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2 994.479 974.742∆N = 21.3795 ∆E = 6.537

DISTANCE = √ (∆N)2 + (∆E)2

tanθ=(∆E

∆N )

D = 22.357

180°−θ = 107°00’06

STATION D - 4

STATION NORTH EAST" 1001.55 986.77725D 987.892 996.1215

∆N = 11.3795 ∆E = !16.537

DISTANCE = √ (∆N)2 + (∆E)2

tanθ=(∆E

∆N )

D = 13.123

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180°−θ = 119°52’31

>.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

C!"-7!"

A )/e ,*r+ey pay, a. (p'r)a.) r'e (. b*(d(. ,*r+ey A )/e ,*r+ey, -'..e-) )' '.e a.')/er )/ere&'re (,)a7e, ade -a. be -',)y a, ()-'*d a--**a)e a.d -a*,e (,)a7e, )' /appe. )' )/e ')/er ,*r+ey )/a) (/) -'rre,p'.d, 'r pay, a. (p'r)a.) r'e (. a.')/er par) '& a.')/er,*r+ey

F'r -'pa,, ,*r+ey (& )/e read(. )a7e. '& )/e da)* ,)a)('. ere )a7e. (.a--*ra)ey () ( -'.)(.*e )' )/e )ra+er,e a, () *,e, )/e da)* a, aa(. re&ere.-e bear(. a.d re&ere.-e &'r -',*re I& )/e -'pa,, ,*r+ey (, d'.e (.-'rre-)y a )/e )ra+er,e bear(. ( a,' be (.-'rre-) a, () (, ba,ed '. a r'. da)* bear(. %/(, -'*d -a*,e )/e b*(d(., p',()('. 'r d(re-)('. )' be (.-'rre-) a.d -'*d a&&e-) )/e b*(d(., '+eraae,)/e)(-, a, () (, '*) '& p',()('. a.d -'*d a&&e-) )/e '+era area '& )/e ,()e S'e (,)a7e )/a) -'*d+e bee. ade (, )/e -r''7ed pe ar7(.

'& ,)a)('., a, )/e (.,)r*e.) (, .') e+eed a.d -e.)red -'rre-)y read(. (, r'.y )a7e. .' -'*.(-a)('. be)ee. b''7er a.d (.,)r*e.)reader a.d r'. ,e*e.-e '& 'r7

I& a (,)a7e a, ade d*r(. e+e(. )/e R


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%/ere are a.y &a-)'r, )/a) -'*d ead )' )/e (.a--*ra-y '& e+e(. ,*-/ a, )/e (.,)r*e.) (, .') e+eed a.d -e.)red -'rre-)y )/e ,)a&& (,-r''7edy /ed read(. (, r'.y )a7e. .' -'*.(-a)('. be)ee. b''7er a.d (.,)r*e.) reader r'. ,e*e.-e '& 'r7 a.d p''ry d'.e-a-*a)('.,

Ne5) a,,*(. (& )/e )ra+er,e a.d -'pa,, a, d'.e -'rre-)y )/e p'(.) '& ar7(. (.,(de )/e ,e))(. '*) (, a,' a +ery de(-a)e pr'-e,, I) (,d'.e by &(r,) -a-*a)(. )/e -''rd(.a)e, )' be *,ed )' &(.d )/e bear(. a.d d(,)a.-e &r' a ,)a)('. %/e ,e))(. (, d'.e by d'(. )/e-'p*)a)('.,L-a-*a)('., &(r,) >r'. -''rd(.a)e, 'r -a-*a)('., 'r b')/ -a. be -/e-7ed '. )/e )ra+er,e p'))(. ade a, () *,e, )/e ,ae)ra+er,e p') !+e. ,' (,)a7e, (, *,*ay d'.e /(e ar7(. '. )/e a-)*a ,()e %/(, -a. -a*,e )/e p',()('. '& p((. 'r7, )' be d'.e(.-'rre-)y a.d )/e b*(d(. ( /a+e a ea7e.ed &'*.da)('. /(-/ -a. -a*,e )/e b*(d(. )' be daaed %/ere are a &e (,)a7e, )/a) -a. bed'.e d*r(. ,e))(. '*) ,*-/ a, )/e (.,)r*e.) (, .') e+eed a.d -e.)red -'rre-)y )/e ,)a&& (, -r''7edy /ed )/e pe ar7er (, ar7ed a) )/er'. p',()('. )/e d(,)a.-e (, ea,*red (.-'rre-)y r'. ,e*e.-e '& 'r7 a.d p''ry d'.e -a-*a)('.,

I. -'.-*,('. )/e pr'-e,, '& a )/e ,*r+ey *,) d'.e ()/ ab,'*)e &'-*, e&&(-(e.-y a--*ra-y a.d *.der,)a.d(. '& )/e pr'-e,,e, (.+'+ed&r' )/e be(..(. )' )/e e.d(.

R$-!//$"+%#!"

S'e ,)ep, -a. be )a7e. )' a7e ,*re a )/e ,*r+ey (, d'.e -'rre-)y a--*ra)ey a.d e&&(-(e.)y

F'r -'pa,, ,*r+ey )/ere are a &e ,)ep, )' be )a7e. )' pr'd*-e a. a--*ra)e bear(. ,*-/ a, a--*ra)ey -e.)re )/e -'pa,, Ne5) (, a--*ra)ey b(,e-)(. )/e )are) ()/ )/e -r',,/a(r N') '.y )/a) y'* ,/'*d a7e ,*re )/e paraa5 (, re'+ed %/e )ee,-'pe ,/'*d a,' be &'-*,ed pr'pery ,' )/e pe ar7er -a. be ,ee. -eary a,) b*) .') ea,) )/e read(. *,) be )a7e. /ere )/ere (, .' e)a p',) .earby ,' )/a) )/ere (,

.' d(,)*rba.-e &r' )/e a.e) (.,(de )/e -'pa,,

F'r )ra+er,e ,*r+ey ,)a)('., *,) be ,ee-)ed a) )/e r(/) p',()('., /ere () -a. be ,(/)ed ea,(y ()/'*) 'b,)r*-)('. &r' ,*.(/) a.d ,/ad', Ne5) )/e )/e'd'()e *,) be ,e) *p perpe.d(-*ar )' )/e ,)a)('. %/e )/e'd'()e *,) a,' be e+eed a.d -e.)red be&'re 'b,er+a)('., ")/er )/a.)/a) )/e )r(p'd a.d )/e )/e'd'()e ,/'*d be /a.ded pr'pery d*r(. )/e ,*r+ey Paraa5 err'r ,/'*d be re'+ed by &'-*,(. )/e -r',,/a(r '.)/e p*b'p Ne5) y'* ,/'*d a7e ,*re )/a) )/ere (, .' e&&e-) &r' -*r+a)*re '& re&ra-)('. '& (/) %/e ea,*r(. )ape *,) be ,)(&& /e.

51


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)a7(. ea,*ree.) %/e pe ar7er *,) a,' be ar7ed ,)ra(/) a,)y )/ere ,/'*d aay, be a ''d -'*.(-a)('., be)ee. )/e b''7era.d )/e /a.der

F'r e+e(. )' a+'(d -'(a)('. err'r y'* ,/'*d 7eep ,(/) e.)/, &r' ea-/ (.,)r*e.) p',()('. )/e ,ae Ne5) (, )' -/e-7 )/e -'(a)('.err'r by per&'r(. )/e )' pe )e,) %' re'+e )/e paraa5 err'r &'-*, )/e eyep(e-e '. -r',, /a(r, )/e. &'-*, )ee,-'pe '. ,)a&& S'e &(ederr'r, -a. be a+'(ded by a7(. ,*re )/e b*bbe ,)a&& (, +er)(-a by *,(. a b*bbe ,)a&& a.d *,(. )/e ,)a&& r'-7(. )e-/.(*e a.d )a7e )/e(.(* read(. %/e ,'&).e,, '& r'*.d *.der )/e )r(p'd a.d ,)a&& ,/'*d be -/e-7ed %' re'+e ,)a&& err'r, y'* *,) a7e ,*re )/e ,)a&&read(., -a. be )a7e. -eary by -/'',(. )/e ,)a&& /(-/ /a, )/e .*ber, )/a) (, .') 'r. '*) %' re'+e read(. a.d b''7(. err'r, 7eep,(/)(., ,/'r) )' e,)(a)e '. ,)a&& a--*ra)ey %/e read(. ,/'*d aay, be d'*be -/e-7ed a,)y a7e ,*re )/e (.,)r*e.) a.d ,)a&& d'e,.') ,/(er *.der )/e /ea) 'r e) (.d )' -a*,e () )' +(bra)e

F'r )a-/e'e)ry ,*r+ey re'+e )/e paraa5 err'r by &'-*,(. )/e eyep(e-e '. -r',, /a(r, )/e. &'-*, )ee,-'pe '. ,)a&& S'e &(ed err'r, -a. be a+'(ded by a7(. ,*re )/e b*bbe ,)a&& (, +er)(-a by *,(. a b*bbe ,)a&& a.d *,(. )/e ,)a&& r'-7(. )e-/.(*e a.d )a7e )/e (.(*read(. %/e ,'&).e,, '& r'*.d *.der )/e )r(p'd a.d ,)a&& ,/'*d be -/e-7ed %' re'+e ,)a&& err'r, y'* *,) a7e ,*re )/e ,)a&& read(., -a. be )a7e. -eary by -/'',(. )/e ,)a&& /(-/ /a, )/e .*ber, )/a) (, .') 'r. '*) %/e *pper ,)ad(a (dde ,)ad(a a.d 'er ,)ad(a read(.,/'*d aay, be d'*be -/e-7ed a,)y a7e ,*re )/e (.,)r*e.) a.d ,)a&& d'e, .') ,/(er *.der )/e /ea) 'r e) (.d )' -a*,e () )' +(bra)e

F'r ,e))(.@'*) ,)a)('., *,) be ,ee-)ed a) )/e r(/) p',()('., /ere () -a. be ,(/)ed ea,(y ()/'*) 'b,)r*-)('. &r' ,*.(/) a.d ,/ad', Ne5) )/e )/e'd'()e *,) be ,e) *p perpe.d(-*ar )' )/e ,)a)('. %/e )/e'd'()e *,) a,' be e+eed a.d -e.)red be&'re 'b,er+a)('., ")/er )/a.

)/a) )/e )r(p'd a.d )/e )/e'd'()e ,/'*d be /a.ded pr'pery d*r(. )/e ,*r+ey Paraa5 err'r ,/'*d be re'+ed by &'-*,(. )/e -r',,/a(r '.)/e p*b'p Ne5) y'* ,/'*d a7e ,*re )/a) )/ere (, .' e&&e-) &r' -*r+a)*re '& re&ra-)('. '& (/) %/e bear(. a.d d(,)a.-e &r' ,)a)('., )' p'(.), *,) a,' be -a-*a)ed ()/'*) a.y (,)a7e %/e bear(. *,) be '-7ed a--*ra)ey %/e ea,*r(. )ape *,) be ,)(&& /e. )a7(.ea,*ree.) %/e pe ar7er *,) a,' be ar7ed ,)ra(/) a,)y )/ere ,/'*d aay, be a ''d -'*.(-a)('., be)ee. )/e b''7er a.d )/e/a.der

52


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=.0 REFERENCES

1 ae, M A.der,'. !dard M M(7/a( I"#*!+-#!" #! S*$8" M-Gra@H( b''7 -'pa.y

2 A ba..(,)er R Ba7er S!" P*!$/7 " S*$8" '.a. r'*p U;(()ed 18

3 9/are, A Her*b(. pe P*"-@$7 !9 S*$8"


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?.0 APPENDICES

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10.0 PLOTTING

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