Diversity in the Information Technology Workforce

DBP RESEARCH REQUEST: CAPGEMINI

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Included in this report:

• Diversity in the Tech Industry by job title and by gender, race/ethnicity

• Cybersecurity Talent and Diversity Trends

• Women in Tech Industry

• State of Pay parity in Tech

• What best practice companies are doing in this area

2018 DBP INCLUSION INDEX

Diversity in the Tech Industry

2017 Bureau of Labor Statistics – Technology Industry Demographics by Occupation

Occupation Male Female White Black Asian Hispanic

Information security analysts 80% 20% 69% 16% 13% 5%

Computer and information systems managers 71% 29% 78% 7% 13% 7%

Computer and mathematical occupations 74% 26% 68% 9% 21% 7%

Computer systems analysts 61% 39% 71% 10% 17% 7%

Information security analysts 80% 20% 69% 16% 13% 5%

Source: DOL,BLS

Diversity in Technology Industry Workforce

2017 Bureau of Labor Statistics – Technology Industry Demographics by Occupation

Occupation Male Female White Black Asian Hispanic

Computer programmers 79% 21% 66% 7% 25% 5%

Software developers, applications and systems software

81% 19% 59% 6% 32% 6%

Web developers 68% 32% 82% 5% 10% 6%

Computer control programmers and operators 90% 10% 83% 10% 6% 11%

Source: DOL,BLS

Diversity in Technology Industry Workforce

2017 Bureau of Labor Statistics – Technology Industry Demographics by Occupation

Occupation Male Female White Black Asian Hispanic

Computer support specialists 73% 27% 71% 15% 11% 10%

Database administrators 59% 41% 71% 10% 18% 6%

Network and computer systems administrators

76% 24% 80% 6% 12% 11%

Computer network architects 96% 4% 73% 11% 15% 3%

Source: DOL,BLS

Diversity in Technology Industry Workforce

2017 Bureau of Labor Statistics – Technology Industry Demographics by Occupation

Occupation Male Female White Black Asian Hispanic

Computer hardware engineers 83% 17% 55% 6% 38% 8%

Electrical and electronics engineers 88% 12% 75% 4% 20% 9%

Computer operators 40% 60% 75% 14% 6% 7%

Operations research analysts 48% 52% 71% 12% 15% 7%

Computer occupations, all other 77% 23% 74% 11% 12% 10%

Source: DOL,BLS

Diversity in Technology Industry Workforce

2017 Bureau of Labor Statistics – Other Occupations of Interest Demographics by Occupation

Related Occupations Male Female White Non-White Black Asian Hispanic

Marketing and sales managers 55% 45% 86% 14% 6% 6% 10%

Sales and related occupations 51% 49% 80% 20% 11% 6% 16%

Mathematicians 48% 52% 71% 29% 12% 15% 7%

Statisticians 51% 49% 63% 37% 9% 22% 6%

Note: Occupations relate to all industries, not specifically technology but provide useful snapshot of overall demographic representation

Source: DOL,BLS

Diversity in Related Occupations

Racial/Ethnic

Group and Sex

Total Employed Executive/Senior

Officials & Managers

First/Mid Level Officials

& Managers

Professionals Technicians

Men 68% 80% 72% 70% 79%

Women 32% 20% 28% 30% 21%WHITE 63% 79% 67% 60% 61%

Men 43% 63% 47% 42% 49%

Women 20% 16% 20% 18% 12%

BLACK 7% 2% 4% 7% 13%

Men 4% 1% 2% 4% 10%

Women 3% 1% 2% 3% 4%

HISPANIC 5% 3% 4% 5% 8%

Men 3% 2% 3% 3% 6%

Women 2% 1% 1% 1% 2%

ASIAN 22% 15% 24% 26% 15%

Men 16% 13% 19% 19% 12%

Women 6% 2% 5% 7% 3%

Computer Systems Design and Related Services

2015 EEOC Occupational Data

Source: https://www1.eeoc.gov/eeoc/statistics/employment/jobpat-eeo1/2015/index.cfm#select_label

Racial/Ethnic

Group and Sex

Total Employed Executive/Senior

Officials & Managers

First/Mid Level Officials

& Managers

Professionals Technicians

Men 65% 76% 63% 70% 79%

Women 35% 24% 37% 30% 21%WHITE 63% 81% 69% 58% 71%

Men 41% 62% 45% 41% 56%

Women 22% 19% 25% 16% 15%

BLACK 4% 2% 3% 3% 6%

Men 2% 1% 1% 2% 5%

Women 2% 1% 1% 1% 1%

HISPANIC 5% 3% 4% 5% 5%

Men 3% 2% 3% 3% 4%

Women 2% 1% 2% 2% 1%

ASIAN 25% 13% 21% 32% 15%

Men 16% 9% 13% 22% 11%

Women 8% 4% 8% 10% 3%

Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals

2015 EEOC Occupational Data

Source: https://www1.eeoc.gov/eeoc/statistics/employment/jobpat-eeo1/2015/index.cfm#select_label

2018 DBP INCLUSION INDEX

Diversity in the Cybersecurity Industry

Global Gender Distribution of Cybersecurity Workforce

Source: Frost&Sullivan Report 2017

The 2016 Global Information Security Workforce Study (GISWS) found:

• Women are globally underrepresented in the cybersecurity profession at 11%, much lower than representation of women in the overall global workforce, a number that has not changed since 2013. Women of color hold even fewer cybersecurity roles.

• In North America, women comprise 14% of the cybersecurity workforce, the highest concentration in the world. However, the number is still lagging considering women represent 48% of the workforce.

• Preliminary research from Cybersecurity Ventures, due out in a 2018 report, predicts that women represent more than 20% of the global cybersecurity workforce in 2018.

Women in the Global Cybersecurity Workforce

Source: Frost&Sullivan

• Globally, men are four time more likely to hold C-Suite and executive level positions and nine times more likely to hold managerial positions than women in the cybersecurity workforce.

• Women disproportionately occupy entry-level and non-managerial positions.

• 1n 2016, women in cybersecurity earned less than men at every level.

Women in Cybersecurity

A 2015 global study by Frost and Sullivan predicts there will be a shortfall of 1.8 million cybersecurity professionals by 2022. The study found that 78% of young women have never considered a career in cyber security. In the report, 53% of women report various forms of discrimination in the US cybersecurity workforce, compared to 38% of men.

The Center of Cyber Safety and Education revealed that a shift is underway. The study found 52% of women under the age of 29 have an undergraduate degree in computer science. The study indicated that women enter the cybersecurity profession with higher education levels than men. 51% of women in the profession have a master’s degree or higher, compared to 45% of men. However, men hold a greater percentage of technical degrees, be it in computer and information sciences or in engineering and engineering technologies.

A study by (ISC)² found women in information security are making their largest impact in governance, risk and compliance (GRC); one out of five women identified GRC as their primary functional responsibility compared to one out of eight men holding similar positions.

Source: Forbes 2016; 2017 Observer Article

Cybersecurity Jobs on the Rise

Data reveals there were 627,000 unfilled positions in tech in 2017. Software, cybersecurity and cloud computing professionals, in particular, are in high demand.

Indeed reports a 261% increase in job postings for data protection officers on Indeed since May 2017 (and an 829% increase since May 2016).

Source: Forbes 2016; 2017 Observer Article

2018 DBP INCLUSION INDEX

Women in the Tech Workforce

State of Pay Parity in the Tech Industry

• In 2016, women in cybersecurity earned less than men at every level.

• For women in the tech industry under age 25, earnings on average are 29% less than their male counterparts.

• According to a study by Hired, women receive lower salary offers than men for the same job at the same company 63% of the time.

• On average, these companies offer women 4% less than men for the same role, with some offering women up to 45% less.

• Hired found that Hispanic and Black women are paid the least in the tech industry. White and Asian men earn the most.

• White women earn 96 cents on the dollar compared to White men and outpace the earning of Black and Hispanic men, who earn 94 cents on the dollar compared to White men.

Percentage of Computing Occupations Held by Women

In 2016, women held only 25% of all computing occupations.

In 2018, they held fewer than 1 in 5 tech jobs.

The numbers are even lower for women of color. Latinas and Black women hold only 1% and 3% of tech jobs, respectively.

Women hold just 16% of senior-level tech jobs and only 10% of executive roles.

Source: Forbes 2016

Diversity in the Tech Workforce

Women make up between 26% (Microsoft) and 43% (Netflix) of the workforce at major tech companies, with the percentage dropping much lower when it comes to tech jobs.

In terms of leadership positions, the status of women in the technology sector is roughly on par with the rest of the economy.

Source: 2018 Statista

Companies Making a Difference

Source: SmallBizTrends

Apple has achieved gender pay equity among men and women in similar roles, as well as for underrepresented minorities who work the same positions as white employees.

Salesforce has spent $6 million to correct significant differences in gender-based pay and has publicly committed to hire an equal number of women and men.

Amazon (AMZN) released results of an employee survey which found that women made 99.9% of men's earnings in equivalent positions in 2016.

Diversity In Top Tech Companies

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Source: Stats

Diversity In Top Tech Companies

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Source: Stats

Diversity In Top Tech Companies

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Source: 2018 Recode

What Some Companies are Doing

IBM’s Women in Security Excelling (WISE), with 800 global participants, aims to get more women engaged with security at IBM, with targeted educational opportunities, leadership training and a focus on women as role models. The company offers high school programs to drive STEM education in underrepresented communities and partners with hundreds of universities around the world, using targeted cybersecurity training and recruitment to teach young people about careers in cybersecurity.

IBM’s #IBMCyberDay4Girls, GenCyber and Girls Who Code reach girls at a young age to get them informed and interested in cybersecurity careers is one key way to draw more females to cybersecurity. IBM sponsors the Women in Cyber Security Conference which brings women together from around the globe to network and learn more about career opportunities in cybersecurity.

Accenture has committed to reaching a 50/50 gender split workforce by 2025. The company’s leadership program helps senior women advance into executive roles (80% of women who participated were promoted or had their duties expanded significantly). It’s Women in Technology program fast-tracks the careers of high-achieving female employees.

Ericcson set a goal to have 30% of their workforce as female by 2020. From 2012 to 2016, the company’s executive leadership team has grown from 29 to 35% female, and their board of directors has moved from 27 to 40% female.

Diversity at CISCO

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Source: CISCO 2017

IBM Taps Women Re-entering the Workforce

IBM’s Pathways program, a multi-faceted initiative designed to attract, recruit, develop and retain diverse, mid-career technical talent and pair technical women with career development resources, like executive coaches, sponsors, workshops and learning labs. Participants include engineers, programmers, architects, specialists, data scientists, and many more technical roles. The objective is to increase the representation of diverse technical talent that will be competitive for executive roles in the future.

IBM’s Tech Re-Entry program,is an annual, 12-week internship open to technical women who’ve taken a career break and are looking to re-enter the workforce. The end goal is to bring these women into permanent IBM positions. The 12-week internship is a period of exploration, not just for the woman, but also for the management team to see firsthand if the participant has what it takes to be at IBM full-time. Three cohorts have gone through the Tech Re-Entry program so far, and a fourth is in the works. After spending three months completing high-level projects alongside senior-level mentors, these cohorts have collectively been impressive. 100% of interns who have completed the program have been recommended to be hired full-time.

Source: Forbes 2016

High Turnover of Women in the Tech Workforce

According to the National Center for Women and Information Technology (NCWIT), women are twice as likely to quit their jobs in the high tech industry.

The study found that 56% of technical women drop out mid-career due to negative workplace experiences.

Further, only 20% of the women who left large private sector companies left to take time out of the workforce.

Research suggests that many of these women would not have left had there been more on- or off-ramping options or other supports for competing life priorities.

Source: 2016 NCWIT Study

The Problem Starts Early

According to a survey, girls become interested in tech careers at age 11, but lose interest soon after.

By the time they are 16, most young women in Europe, Israel, and the US have already decided against a career in cyber security.

The number of women studying computer science in 2016 was 18% compared to 1985 when it was 37%.

This a major contributing factor to the industry’s continued struggle to attract female recruits, as it attempts to both narrow the gender gap in IT security and also address the growing skills shortage.

Source: SmallBizTrends; Forbes