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HTMLConcepts and Techniques
Fifth Edition
Chapter 3
Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 2
Chapter Objectives
• Describe linking terms and definitions• Create a home page and enhance a Web page
using images• Align and add bold, italics, and color to text • Change the bullet type used in an unordered list• Add a text link to a Web page in the same Web
site
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 3
Chapter Objectives
• Add an e-mail link• Use absolute and relative paths• Save and view an HTML file and test the links• Open an HTML file• Add an image with wrapped text
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 4
Chapter Objectives
• Add a text link to a Web page on another Web site
• Add links to targets within a Web page• Copy and paste HTML code• Add an image link to a Web page in the same
Web site
General Project Guidelines - Plan Ahead
• Plan the Web site• Analyze the need• Choose the content for the Web page• Determine how the pages will link to one another• Establish what other links are necessary• Create the Web page and links• Test all Web pages within the Web site
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 5
Using Links on a Web Page
• Many different Web page elements, including text, images and animations can serve as links.
• Text and images are the elements most widely used as links.
• When text identifies a link, it often appears as underlined text, in a color different from the main Web page text.
• Link Color Variation– Normal link that is blue and underlined
– Visited link that is purple and underlined
– When mouse pointer hovers over a text link, it turns into a pointing hand.
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 6
Link Color Attributes for <body> tag
Attribute Function
link • Normal link• Controls the color of a normal unvisited link• Default color usually is blue
vlink • Visited link• Controls the color of a link that has been clicked• Default color usually is green or purple
alink • Active link• Controls the color of a link immediately after the mouse clicks the hyperlink• Default color usually is green or red
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 7
Types of Linking
1. Linking to Another Web Page within the Same Web Site
<a href=“URL”>linktext</a>
<a href=“specials.html”>monthly special </a>
2. Linking to a Web Page in Another Web Site
<a href=“http://en.wikipedia.cor/wiki/Pasta”>
3. Linking within a Web Page
4. Linking to an E-mail Address
<a href=“mailto:[email protected]”>linktext</a>
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 8
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 9
Starting Notepad• Click the Start button on the Windows Vista taskbar to
display the Start menu• Click All Programs at the bottom of the left pane on the
Start menu to display the All Programs list• Click Accessories in the All Programs list• Click Notepad in the Accessories list to display the
Notepad window• If the Notepad window is not maximized, click the
Maximize button on the Notepad title bar to maximize it• Click Format on the menu bar• If the Word Wrap command does not have a check mark
next to it, click Word Wrap
Entering HTML Tags to Define the Web Page Structure
• Enter the HTML code shown on the following slide• Press ENTER at the end of each line. If you make an
error as you are typing, use the BACKSPACE key to delete all the characters back to and including the incorrect characters, then continue typing
• Compare what you typed to Figure 3–9 on page HTML 92. If you notice errors, use your mouse pointer or ARROW keys to move the insertion point to the right of each error and use the BACKSPACE key to correct the error
• Position the insertion point on the blank line between the <body> and </body> tags
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 10
Entering HTML Tags to Define the Web Page Structure
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 11
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 12
Adding an Image
• Click the blank line below the <body> tag (line 12) and type <img src=“pdlogo.gif” width=”711” height=”155” alt=”Pasta Divine logo”/> and then press the ENTER key
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 13
Adding an Image
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 14
Adding a Left-Aligned Heading with a Font Color
• With the insertion point on line 13, type <h1><font color=”#ff0000”>Welcome to the Valley's best pasta place!</font></h1> and then press the ENTER key
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 15
Adding a Left-Aligned Heading with a Font Color
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 16
Entering a Paragraph of Text
• With the insertion point on line 14 enter the HTML code shown in Table 3–4 on page HTML 95 as the first paragraph in the HTML file. Press ENTER at the end of each line
• Press the ENTER key again
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 17
Entering a Paragraph of Text
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 18
Creating Unordered (Bulleted) Lists
• If necessary, click line 21• Enter the HTML code shown in Table 3-5 on
page HTML 96• After the </ul> in line 26, press the ENTER key
twice to insert a blank line on line 27 and end on line 28
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 19
Creating Unordered (Bulleted) Lists
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 20
Adding Paragraphs of Text
• If necessary, click line 28• Enter the HTML code shown in Table 3–6 on
page HTML 97 to insert the additional paragraphs of text. Press the ENTER key at the end of each line
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 21
Adding Paragraphs of Text
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 22
Adding a Text Link to Another Web Page within the Same Web Site
• Click immediately to the left of the m in the word monthly on line 29
• Type <a href=”specials.html”> to start the link, setting the Web page specials.html as the linked Web page
• Click immediately to the right of the s in specials and before the comma on line 29. Type </a> to close the link
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 23
Adding a Text Link to Another Web Page within the Same Web Site
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 24
Adding an E-Mail Link
• With the insertion point at the beginning of line 35, to the left of the p in pastadivine, type
<a href=”mailto: [email protected]”> as the start of the e-mail link. This will link to the e-mail address [email protected] when the link is clicked
• Click immediately after the m in isp.com and before the period in the e-mail address text on line 35
• Type </a> to end the e-mail link as shown on the following slide
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 25
Adding an E-Mail Link
Adding a Subject Together with Body Message Text
• Type
<a href=mailto: [email protected]?subject=Monthly Specials&body=What are the specials?> as the tag
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 26
Adding a Text Link to a Web Page in Another Web Site
• Click immediately to the left of the h in history on line 31 and type <a href=”http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasta”> to add the text link that will connect to the external Web site when clicked
• Click immediately to the right of the a in pasta on line 31 and type </a> to end the tag as shown on the following slide
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 27
Adding a Text Link to a Web Page in Another Web Site
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 28
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 29
Saving and Printing an HTML File
• With a USB flash drive connected to one of the computer’s USB ports, click File on the Notepad menu bar and then click Save As. Type pastadivine.html in the File name text box (do not press ENTER)
• If Computer is not displayed in the Favorite Links section, drag the top or bottom edge of the Save As dialog box until Computer is displayed. If necessary, collapse the Folders pane to see the Computer link
• Click Computer in the Favorite Links section to display a list of available drives
• If necessary, scroll until UDISK 2.0 (G:) is displayed in the list of available drives
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 30
Saving and Printing an HTML File
• If necessary, open the Chapter03\ChapterFiles folder• Click the Save button in the Save As dialog box to save
the file on the USB flash drive with the name pastadivine.html
• Click File on the menu bar, click Print on the File menu, and then click the Print button in the Print dialog box to print a hard copy of the pastadivine.html file
Saving and Printing an HTML File
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 31
Validating a Web Page
• Click the Start button on the Windows Vista taskbar to display the Start menu
• Click the Internet icon in the pinned items list on the Start menu to start Internet Explorer. If necessary, click the Maximize button to maximize the browser window
• Click the Address bar to select the URL in the Address bar
• Type validator.w3.org to replace the current entry then press the ENTER key.
• Click the Validate by File Upload tab
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 32
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 33
Validating a Web Page
• Click the Browse button• Locate the pastadivine.html file on your storage
device and click the file name• Click the Open button in the Choose file dialog
box and the file name will be inserted into the File box
• Click the Check button. The resulting validation should be displayed as shown on the following slide
Validating a Web Page
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 34
Viewing a Web Page
• In Internet Explorer, click the Address bar to select the URL in the Address bar
• Type g:\Chapter03\ChapterFiles\pastadivine.html to display the new URL in the Address bar and then press the ENTER key
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 35
Viewing a Web Page
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 36
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 37
Testing Links in a Web Page
• With the Pasta Divine home page displayed in the browser, point to the e-mail link, [email protected] and then click the link to open the default e-mail program with the address [email protected] in the To: text box as shown in Figure 3–24 on page HTML 108
• Click the Close button in the New Message window. If a dialog box asks if you want to save changes, click No
• Click the history of pasta link to test the external link in the Web page. Close the browser window or use the Back button to return to the Pasta Divine home page
• With the USB flash drive in drive G, point to the monthly specials link and click the link. The secondary Web page, specials.html, is displayed, although it is not completed
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 38
Testing Links in a Web Page
Printing a Web Page
• Close the browser window or click the Back button on the Standard toolbar to return to the Pasta Divine home page
• Click the Print icon on the Command bar• Once the Pasta Divine home page is printed,
click the monthly specials link to return to that Web page
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 39
Printing a Web Page
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 40
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 41
Opening an HTML File
• Click the pastadivine Notepad button on the taskbar• With a USB flash drive connected to one of the
computer’s USB ports, click File on the menu bar and then click Open
• If Computer is not displayed in the Favorite Links section, drag the top or bottom edge of the Open dialog box until Computer is displayed
• Click Computer in the Favorite Links section to display a list of available drives
Opening an HTML File
• If necessary, scroll until UDISK 2.0 (G:) is displayed in the list of available drives
• If necessary, navigate to the USB drive (G:). Click the Chapter03 folder, and then click the ChapterFiles folder in the list of available folders
• If necessary, click the file type box arrow, and then click All Files. Click specials.html in the list of files
• Click the Open button in the Open dialog box to display the HTML code for the specials.html Web page as shown on the following slide
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 42
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 43
Opening an HTML File
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 44
Formatting Text HTML Tags Function
<b> </b> Display text as bold
<big> </big> Increase the font size
<blockquote> Designates a long quotation
<em></em> Display text with emphasis or italicized
<i> </i> Display text as italicized
<pre> </pre> Sets enclosed text as preformatted material
<small> </small> Decrease the font size
<strong></strong> Displays text with strong emphasis
<sub> </sub> Displays text as subscript
<sup> </sup> Displays text as superscript
<tt> </tt> Displays text as teletype or monospace text
<u> </u> Displays text as underlined
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 45
Formatting Text in Bold
• Click immediately to the left of the F in Fettuccine on line 34. Type <strong> as the start tag
• Click immediately to the right of the o in Alfredo on line 34, and then type </strong> as the end tag to end the logical bold formatting style
• Repeat the first step to bold the other two occurrences of section headers for the words Lasagna and Ravioli on lines 65 and 92 to surround the words with a logical bold style
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 46
Formatting Text in Bold
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 47
Adding an Image with Wrapped Text
• Highlight the line <!--Line 35 – Insert Fettuccine image here --> as shown in Figure 3–36 on page HTML 120
• Type <p><img src=”fettuccine. jpg” width=”212” height=”203” alt=”Fettuccine” align=”left” hspace=”5” /></p> and do not press the ENTER key. This HTML code inserts an image named fettuccine.jpg that is left-aligned on the Web page, with text wrapped to its right and with five pixels of space around the image horizontally
• Highlight the line <!--Line 66 – Insert Lasagna image here --> on line 66
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 48
Adding an Image with Wrapped Text
• Type <p><img src=”lasagna.jpg” width=”308” height=”205” alt=”Lasagna” align=”right” hspace=”5” /> </p> (do not press ENTER) to insert a right-aligned image with wrapped text
• Highlight the line <!--Line 93 – Insert Ravioli image here --> on line 93
• Type <p><img src=”ravioli.jpg” width=”200” height=”260” alt=”Ravioli” align=”left” hspace=”5” /></p> (do not press ENTER) to insert a left-aligned image with wrapped text
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 49
Adding an Image with Wrapped Text
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 50
Clearing the Text Wrapping
• Highlight the line <!--Line 60 – Insert Clear left here --> on line 60, and then type <br clear=”left” /> as the tag
• Highlight the line <!--Line 87 – Insert Clear right here --> on line 87, and then type <br clear=”right” /> as the tag
• Highlight the line <!--Line 118 – Insert Clear left here --> on line 118, and then type <br clear=”left” /> as the tag to clear the text wrapping for both left- and right-aligned images as displayed on the following slide
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 51
Clearing the Text Wrapping
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 52
Setting Link Targets
• Highlight the line <!--Line 33 – Insert Fettuccine target here --> on line 33
• Type <a name=”fettuccine”></a> to create a link target named fettuccine
• Highlight the line <!--Line 64 – Insert Lasagna target here --> on line 64
• Type <a name=”lasagna”></a> to create a link target named lasagna
• Highlight the line <!--Line 91 – Insert Ravioli target here -->
• Type <a name=”ravioli”></a> to create a link target named ravioli
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 53
Setting Link Targets
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 54
Adding Links to Link Targets within a Web Page
• Highlight the line <!--Line 28 – Add first bullet here -->• Type <li><a href=”#fettuccine”>Fettuccine Alfredo</a></li> to create a link target named fettuccine
• Highlight the line <!--Line 29 – Add second bullet here -->• Type <li><a href=”#lasagna”>Lasagna</a></li> to create a link target named lasagna
• Highlight the line <!--Line 30 – Add third bullet here -->• Type <li><a href=”#ravioli”>Ravioli</a></li> to create a link target named ravioli
Adding Links to Link Targets within a Web Page
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 55
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 56
Adding Links to a Target at the Top of the Page
• Highlight the line <!--Line 12 – Insert Top target here --> on line 12
• Type <a name=”top”></a> as the tag that will create a target at the top of the Web page named top
• Highlight the line <!--Line 62 – Insert first To Top link here --> to position the insertion point on the line 62
• Type <p><a href=”#top”><font size=”-1”>To top</font></a></p> as the tag
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 57
Adding Links to a Target at the Top of the Page
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 58
Copying and Pasting HTML Code
• Highlight the HTML code <p><a href=“#top”><font size=”-1”>To top</font></a></p> on line 62
• Click Edit on the menu bar and then click Copy
• Highlight the line <!--Line 89 – Insert second To Top link here --> on line 89 to position the pointer
• Click Edit on the menu bar and then click Paste to paste the HTML code that you copied above
• Highlight the line <!--Line 120 – Insert third To Top link here --> on line 120. Repeat the previous step to paste the HTML code on line 120
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 59
Copying and Pasting HTML Code
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 60
Adding an Image Link to a Web Page
• Highlight the line <!--Line 14 – Insert link back to home page here --> on line 14
• Type <a href=”pastadivine.html”> as the tag to start a link that will use the image pdlogosm.gif to link back to the home page as shown in Figure 3–48 on page HTML 128
• Click immediately to the right of the > in the attribute alt=“Back to home page” /> on line 15
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 61
Adding an Image Link to a Web Page
• Type </a> as the tag to end the link as shown in Figure 3-49 on page HTML 129
• Click immediately to the right of the second “ in alt=“Back to home page” /> to position the insertion point
• Press the SPACEBAR, then type border=”0” as the attribute to create a borderless link as shown on the following slide
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 62
Adding an Image Link to a Web Page
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 63
Saving and Printing the HTML File
• Click File on the menu bar, and then Save on the File menu to save the HTML file as specials.html
• Click File on the menu bar, click Print on the File menu, and then click the Print button in the Print dialog box to print the HTML code
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 64
Saving and Printing the HTML File
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 65
Validating, Viewing, and Testing a Web Page
• Open a new browser window and go to validator.w3.org• Click the Validate by File Upload tab, browse to the
specials.html Web page, and then click Open• Click the Check button to determine if the Web page is
valid. If the file is not valid, make corrections and revalidate
• Click the Pasta Divine Monthly Specials button on the taskbar to view the page in your browser
• Click the Refresh button on the Standard toolbar to display the changes made to the Web page, which should now look like Figure 3–27 on page HTML 111
Printing a Web Page
• Click the Print button on the Command bar
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 66
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 67
Quitting Notepad and a Browser
• Click the Close button on all open browser windows
• Click the Close button on the Notepad window
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 68
Chapter Summary
• Describe linking terms and definitions• Create a home page and enhance a Web page
using images• Align and add bold, italics, and color to text • Change the bullet type used in an unordered list• Add a text link to a Web page in the same Web
site
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 69
Chapter Summary
• Add an e-mail link• Use absolute and relative paths• Save and view an HTML file and test the links• Open an HTML file• Add an image with wrapped text
Chapter 3: Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text 70
Chapter Summary
• Add a text link to a Web page on another Web site
• Add links to targets within a Web page• Copy and paste HTML code• Add an image link to a Web page in the same
Web site
HTMLConcepts and Techniques
Fifth Edition
Chapter 3 Complete
Creating Web Pages with Links, Images, and Formatted Text