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58 SANSKRIF POETICS

prahelikd in iii. 114 (also cf. iii. ll2) by Tarulavdcaspati

and other commentators that it refers to the pallava kingiof Kdflci 1 only supports the Tamil tradition that Da4dinwas probably a South Indian author. The allusion toDandin i. 1, again, in a verse attributed by Sarngadhara(no. 180) to Vijjd or Vijjaka (whose date is unknown butwho is tentatively supposed by some to be Vijayd, wife ofCandrdditya and daughter-in-law of Pulake6in II, about 659

A,D.),' implies merely a pleasant raillery dt the expense ofDa4din by some later boastful poetess.

The only definite terminus to Daldin's date is obtainedfrom references in South Indian vernacular works on Alar.n-rkdra, belonging in all probability to the 9th century A.D.,

'which cite him as an established authority. The Sinhalese.treatise Siya-bas-Iakara,which Barnett thinks cannot ..in any

case bc later than the 9th century A.D."' cites Dandin in v, 2as one of its authorities. The Kanarese wotk Kavirdja-.mdrga (in three chapters), attributed to the RdglrakDla prince,Amoghavarga Nlpatuirga (who flourished in the first half of

-8 ; also Agashe's preface to Dalakumdra ed. B. S. S. pp. lxii f) to,be Rdjasi4rhavarrnan, otherwise known as Narasirphavarman II of

Kiffci lend of the ?th century), one of whose Dirudas (viz, kalakalarvhich js also a name of Siva) Danqlin is supposed to have alludedto in iii. 50 ; while iii, 25 js presunred to imply a pun referring tothe royal token (mahdvur1,hal of Cnlukya Pulake$in II, But thepassage under discussion looks like a reference to a legendary ratherthan a contemporary prince; an<i, as Pischel suggested, the entireverse 2?8 may have been taken dilectly from a work referring torhis story. Cf Jacobi op. cit. p. 214.

I The phrase agfa-var4a occurring in tho prahelikd, is also found,as G. K. Sankara points out, in the Mamandur Inscription ofMahendravarman L Premachandra on DanCin interprets pund,raka.

instead of pallava in the vqrse, which fact indicates that it is capa-

ble of a differenl interpretation.-There are references to KEveri,

Cola and Kaliirga in iv. 43-44.

2 See Agashe op. cit. pp. lix f-

3 JRAS, 1905, p. 841. The work has been edited by_ Hendrick

.Jayatilaka, Colombo 1892.

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DANDIN 59 .

the 9th century), gives six verses' which are exact transla-

,tions of corresponding verses in Da4{in' ' Pathak' in the

introduction to his edition (1898) of this work (p' 19)' further

adds that in ch. iii most of the verses "are either translations

or adaptations from lhe KdvyddarSa," and that there are also

convincing indications of Da4{in's "influence on other parts

of the work" as well. I

This will give us the 9th century as the lower limit to

Dal{in's-work, a conclusion which may also be establisheda'

by slowing that Dandin was probably earlier than Vdmana'

rrho may be assigned to the beginning of the same period'

We need not enter into this point in detail here' but there

*rre several unmistakable indications which show that

Vamana's work betrays a further progress in the elaboration

of some ofthe fundamental ideas which are dealt with by

Daqdin. ' The stress which Da4{in puts on the theory of Riti(which he calls Marga) is carried to its furthest extreme by

vamana, who elevates Riti to the rank of the very essence of

poetry. While Da4din mentions two types of M6rga' Vdmana

uOOs uo intermediate third Riti ; and from Mammaga ix' 4

we learn that Vdm-ana was the fifst to suggest this threefold

division.z Again, whileBhdmaba and Daldin apparently

,engage in a controversy over the classification of Kdvya inlo

falna and Akhy-ayika' V6mana peremptorily brushes aside

all discussion and refers the curious reader to the works of

"others,"J Da4Sin is also anxious to show, in the courge of

a long digression, that the word iva is indicative ot utprek|-a

dwhich figure itself is admitted by Bhdmaha ii' 88 only in

I ,tiz,, those deflning asadhLra\loPanter. asathbhavopamd" Attu'

iayak\epa, viselokti, hetu and atiiayokti respectively'

2 It is noteworthy also that Oa+dil is unaware of the moro or

less technical term riti, rirade so familiar by V5'maoa' but uses'the

almost synooymous expressrcn mdtga, also used by V?rmana in iii'

L t2.

3 yac ca kafietkhyay,ikd mahAltat'yem iti tallakpatr'a\n ca ndtiva

*{dayatigamom fty upiksitam asmdb,hilt,, tad anyto grd,hyatn, oi1.3.32.