FASTENERSVERSION 1 1 . 1

John, Winston Salam, NC

Pictured here is Chopper Kultures latest creation incorporating several new and innovative products from Diamond Engineering and Chopper Kulture.

When starting this project Mario Kyprianides of Chopper Kulture wanted to use The GrooveTM bolts throughout the entire build. At the time The GrooveTM was not available

in the special 1/4-24 thread pitch that Harley used on Panhead and Shovelhead engines. Diamond Engineering decided to take the challenge and produce these

special bolts. There was however one problem. Many of the 1/4-24 bolts were countersunk. To get around this we machined

special 60O and 82O countersunk washers so that The GrooveTM could be used throughout the entire bike. The results were outstanding giving the engine and

whole bike a a seamlessly detailed custom look. These bolts are now available individually and

in packaged kits for all Harley Panhead and Shovelhead engines.

Mario and his crew spent endless hours

desinging and fabricating parts for this custom build but this was not enough.

He wanted to add something more to this build; a new product that

would not just be a slightly different look for and old product but, a new, innovative design. CNC machined billet aluminum rocker boxes were made that feature a glass window

allowing you to see inside the engine as it runs. These rocker boxes are

made to the highest standards using special high temperature Pyrex glass to

give form and function. Polished stainless steel GrooveTM bolts are also included with

each set.

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This original 1970 chevelle ss396 has been

under the ownership of Diamond Engineering

customer Jerry cameron for over 35 years.

in 1977 the original drivetrain including

the factory 396 engine and muncie

transmission were removed and

fortunately retained. They were replaced

with this ls-7 454 that has a factory rating

of 465 horsepower. Before replacing the

drivetrain every fastener was replaced with

our race ProofTm 12 point bolts. The car

now represents what could have been gms

highest horsepower musclecar of the 70s.

INCH FasteNer seCtIoNPage # Category

14 Button Caps15 Flat Socket Caps

16-17 Hex Caps18-19 Socket Caps20-21 The GrooveTM Socket Caps22-25 12 Point Bolts and Nuts

25 Carriage Bolts25 Pipe Plugs

26-27 Flange Washers28 Washers29 Nuts

30-31 Fastener Assortments32 Un-Polished Bolts and Nuts

MetrIC FasteNer seCtIoNPage # Category

33 Button Caps33-34 Flat Socket Caps34-35 Hex Caps35-36 Socket Caps

36 The Groove Socket Caps37 12 Point Bolts and Nuts38 Washers38 Nuts39 Fastener Assortments

INDeX

Terms and ConditionsOrdering - customer support hours monday - Friday 9:00 - 5:30 EsT. no minimum orders. call, fax or email your order.Prices and Policies - subject to change without notice.Payment - master card and Visa credit and check cards.Shipping - (Domestic) all orders are shipped using FedEx ground and air services. (international) all orders are shipped using FedEx air, Express mail or Priority mail.Damage in transit - claims for damages should be made with the carrier.Returns - all returns must have prior approval and be shipped prepaid. all merchandise must be new an not altered in any way. returns may be subject to a 20% re-stocking fee. no returns will be accepted after 90 days. custom or specials are not returnable.Warranty - Diamond Engineering will replace any part that is defective in material or workmanship, upon return and inspection. This warranty does not cover any damage, labor, personal injury or any other damage or injury.Liability - Diamond Engineering will not be liable for any loss, damage or injury resulting directly or indirectly from the use or misuse of any products we manufacture or sell. it is the purchasers responsibility to determine if the product is suitable for his use and application.

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History

Harry Brearley (February 18, 1871 August 12, 1948) is usually credited with the invention of stainless steel in the anglophone world, although Krupp filed a patent for its brand of Nirosta a few months before Brearleys breakthrough. Brearley was born in Sheffield, England. His life had humble beginnings as the son of a steel melter. He left school at the age of twelve to enter his first employment as a laborer in one of the citys steelworks, being transferred soon afterwards to the post of general assistant in the companys chemical laboratory. For several years, in addition to his laboratory work, he studied at home and later in formal evening classes, to specialize in steel production techniques and associated chemical analysis methods. By his early thirties, Brearley had earned a reputation as an experienced professional and for being very astute in the resolution of practical, industrial, metallurgical problems. It was in 1908, when two of Sheffields principal steelmaking companies innovatively agreed to jointly finance a common research laboratory (Brown Firth Laboratories) that Harry Brearley was asked to lead the project.11 In the troubled years immediately before World War I, arms manufacturing increased significantly in the UK, but practical problems were encountered due to erosion (excessive wear) of the internal surfaces of gun barrels. Brearley began to research new steels which could better resist the erosion caused by high temperatures (rather than corrosion, as is often mentioned in this regard). He began to examine the addition of chromium to steel, which was known to raise the materials melting point, as compared to the standard carbon steels. The research concentrated on quantifying the effects of varying the levels of carbon (C, at concentrations around 0.2 weight %) and chromium (Cr, in the range of 6 to 15 weight %). In order to undertake metallography to study the microstructure of the experimental alloys (the main factor responsible for a steels mechanical properties) it was necessary to polish and etch the metallic samples produced. For a carbon steel, a dilute solution of nitric acid in alcohol is sufficient to produce the required etching, but Brearley found that the new chromium steels were very resistant to chemical attack. It was probably Harry Brearleys upbringing in Sheffield, a city famous for the manufacture of cutlery since the 16th century, which led him to appreciate the potential of these new steels for applications not only in high temperature service, as originally envisioned, but also in the mass production of food-related applications such as cutlery, saucepans and processing equipment etc. Up to that time carbon steel knives were prone to unhygienic rusting if they were not frequently polished and only expensive sterling silver or EPNS cutlery was generally available to avoid such problems. With this in mind Brearley extended his examinations to include tests with food acids such as vinegar and lemon juice, with very promising results. Brearley initially called the new alloy rustless steel; the more euphonic stainless steel was suggested by Ernest Stuart of R.F. Mosleys, a local cutlery manufacturer, and eventually prevailed. It is reported that the first true stainless steel, a 0.24wt% C, 12.8wt% Cr ferrous alloy, was produced by Brearley in an electric furnace on August 13, 1913. He was subsequently awarded the Iron and Steel Institutes Bessemer Gold Medal in 1920. Virtually all research projects into the further development of stainless steels were interrupted by the 1914-18 War, but efforts were renewed in the 1920s. Harry Brearley had left the Brown Firth Laboratories in 1915, following disagreements regarding patent rights, but the research continued under the direction of his successor, Dr. W. H. Hatfield. It is Hatfield who is credited with the development, in 1924, of a stainless steel which even today is probably the widest-used alloy of this type, the so-called 18/8, which in addition to chromium, includes nickel (Ni) in its composition (18wt% Cr, 8wt% Ni).

What is Stainless Steel?

Stainless is a term coined early in the development of these steels for cutlery applications. It was adopted as a generic name for these steels and now covers a wide range of steel types and grades for corrosion or oxidation resistant applications. Stainless steels are iron alloys with a minimum of 10.5% chromium. Other alloying elements are added to enhance their structure and properties such as formability, strength and cryogenic toughness. These include metals such as Nickle, Molybdenum, Titanium and Copper. Non-metal additions are also made, the main ones being Carbon and Nitrogen. The main requirement for stainless steels is that they should be corrosion resistant for a specified application or environment. The selection of a particular type and grade of stainless steel must initially meet the corrosion resistance requirements. Additional mechanical or physical properties may also need to be considered to achieve the overall service performance requirements.

Types of Stainless Steel

Stainless steels may be classified by their crystalline structure into five main types: Austenitic, Ferritic, Martensitic, Preciption Hardening and Duplex.

austenitic - Austenitic steels have austenite as their primary phase (face centered cubic crystal). These are alloys containing chromium and nickel (sometimes manganese and nitrogen), structured around the Type 302 composition of iron, 18% chromium, and 8% nickel. Austenitic steels are not hardenable by heat treatment but can be work hardened. Work hardening happens during manufacturing processes such as the cold forming of the fastener or fastener head and thread rolling. These processes generally increase the tensile strength from 85,000 psi to 100,000-115,000 psi tensile in the 18-8 series of stainless. This also provides additional ductility or toughness. The most familiar stainless steel is probably Type 304, sometimes called T304 or simply 304. Type 304 surgical stainless steel is an austenitic steel containing 18-20% chromium and 8-10% nickel. Other stainless steels in this series are 302, 302HQ, XM7, 303, 304L and 316.

Austenitic, or 300 series, stainless steels make up over 70% of total stainless steel production. They contain a maximum of 0.15% carbon, a minimum of 16% chromium and sufficient nickel and/or manganese to retain an austenitic structure at all temperatures from the cryogenic region to the melting point of the alloy. A typical composition of 18% chromium and 10% nickel, commonly known as 18/10 stainless, is

Monument to Harry Brearley at the former Brown Firth Research Laboratories

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often used in flatware. Superaustenitic stainless steels, such as alloy AL-6XN and 254SMO, exhibit great resistance to chloride pitting and crevice corrosion due to high molybdenum content (>6%) and nitrogen additions, and the higher nickel content ensures better resistance to stress-corrosion cracking versus the 300 series. The higher alloy content of superaustenitic steels makes them more expensive. Other steels can offer similar performance at lower cost and are preferred in certain applications. Low-carbon versions, for example 316L or 304L, are used to avoid corrosion problems caused by welding. Grade 316LVM is preferred where biocompatibility is required (such as body implants and piercings). The L means that the carbon content of the alloy is below 0.03%, which reduces the sensitization effect (precipitation of chromium carbides at grain boundaries) caused by the high temperatures involved in welding.

Ferritic - Ferritic stainless steels generally have better engineering properties than austenitic grades, but have reduced corrosion resistance, due to the lower chromium and nickel content. They are also usually less expensive. They contain between 10.5% and 27% chromium and very little nickel, if any, but some types can contain lead. Most compositions include molybdenum; some, aluminium or titanium. Common ferritic grades include 18Cr-2Mo, 26Cr-1Mo, 29Cr-4Mo, and 29Cr-4Mo-2Ni. These alloys can be degraded by the presence of chromium, an intermetallic phase which can precipitate upon welding.

Martensitic - Martensitic stainless steels are generally not as corrosion-resistant as the other two classes but are extremely strong and tough, as well as highly machinable, and can be hardened by heat treatment. Martensitic stainless steel contains chromium (1214%), molybdenum (0.21%), nickel (less than 2%), and carbon (about 0.11%) (giving it more hardness but making the material a bit more brittle). It is quenched and magnetic.

Precipitation Hardening - These are chromium and nickel containing steels that can develop very high tensile strengths. The most common grade in this group is 17-4 PH, also known as Grade 630, with the composition of 17% chromium, 4% nickel, 4% copper and 0.3% niobium. The great advantage of these steels is that they can be supplied in the solution treated condition. In this condition the steel is just machineable. Following machining, forming etc. the steel can be hardened by a single, fairly low temperature ageing heat treatment which causes no distortion of the component.

Duplex - Duplex stainless steels such as 2304 and 2205 (these designations indicate compositions of 23% chromium, 4% nickel and 22% chromium, 5% nickel but both grades contain further minor alloying additions) have microstructures comprising a mixture of austenite and ferrite. Duplex ferritic - austenitic steels combine some of the features of each class: they are resistant to stress corrosion cracking, albeit not quite as resistant as the ferritic steels; their toughness is superior to that of the ferritic steels but inferior to that of the austenitic steels, and their strength is greater than that of the (annealed) austenitic steels, by a factor of about two. In addition the duplex steels have general corrosion resistances equal to or better than 304 and 316, and in general their pitting corrosion resistances are superior to 316. They suffer reduced toughness below about 50C and after exposure above 300C, so are only used between these temperatures.

Materials Used by Diamond Engineering

18-8 - Diamond Engineering uses 304 stainless for all standard fasteners (Button Caps, Flat Socket Caps, Hex Caps, Socket Caps, Nuts and Washers) 18-8 series fasteners have excellent corrosion resistance and can be polished to a mirror finish. For all specialty fasteners not requiring high strength we use UGIMA 303XL. This is a superior grade of 303 stainless allowing for consistant quality part production.

a-2 - The metric designation for 18-8.

UgIMa 630 - A modified 17-4 that has excellent overall corrosion resistance, with performance similar to type 304 in most corrosive environments. Due to its special metallurgical structure, UGIMA 630 is highly resistant to intergranular corrosion, erosion corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking, as well as corrosion fatigue. This modified material machines and forms better than standard 17-4. Lot consistency is assured through stringent and proprietary manufacturing techniques guaranteeing consistent high quality parts. This material can be heat treated (aged) up to 190,000 psi tensile. Diamond Engineering only uses this material for high strength specialty fasteners and 1/2 and up Race Proof FastenersTM.

Custom 450 - Specially designed for superior workability this alloy contains 15% chromium and 6% nickel. This alloy has corrosion resistance approaching 18-8 and is superior in strength. It can be heat treated to 190,000 psi tensile. Diamond Engineering uses this for its Race Proof Fasteners up to 7/16.

Standards

Compiled here is a short list of some of the more common abbreviations for standards. When an item is made to one of these standards it does not make necessarily it any better or worse than another part; only standardized for ease of engineering and designing.

aN - Army - Navy.aSMe - American Society of Mechanical Engineers.aNSI - American National Standards Institute.aStM - American Society for Testing and Materials.DIN - Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V. (DIN; in English, the German Institute for Standardization).JIS - Japanese Industrial Standard.NaS - National Aerospace Standard.MS - Military Standard.Sae - Society of Automotive Engineers.

The ferritic stainless steel on the left has a body centered cubic (bcc) crystal

structure. By adding nickel to this stainless steel the structure changes from bcc to face centered cubic (fcc),

which is called austenitic.

Adding 8% nickel to a ferritic chromium stainless steel makes an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel, for example Type 304 stainless steel. If less nickel is added to a chromium steel, about four or five percent, a

duplex structure, a mixture of austenite and ferrite, is created as in 2205 duplex

stainless steel.

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Coarse and Fine thread - Coarse threads are those with larger pitch (fewer threads per axial distance), and fine threads are those with smaller pitch (more threads per axial distance). Coarse threads have a larger threadform relative to screw diameter, whereas fine threads have a smaller threadform relative to screw diameter. This distinction is analogous to that between coarse teeth and fine teeth on a saw or file, or

between coarse grit and fine grit on sandpaper. The common V-thread standards (ISO 261 and Unified Thread Standard) include a coarse pitch and a fine pitch for each major diameter. For example, 1/2-13 belongs to the UNC series (Unified National Coarse) and 1/2-20 belongs to the UNF series (Unified National Fine). A common misconception among people not familiar with engineering or machining is that the term coarse

implies here lower quality and the term fine implies higher quality. The terms when used in reference to screw thread pitch have nothing to do with the tolerances used (degree of precision) or the amount of craftsmanship, quality, or cost. They simply refer to the size of the threads relative to the screw diameter. Coarse threads can be made accurately, or fine threads inaccurately.

Cold heading - Cold heading is a process that uses die forms and punches to create variably shaped parts from metal wire. The process is able to reproduce exact specifications reliably. Cold heading, as indicated by the name, does not use heat to reshape raw material; it uses force driven by a punch to push material through a die into a new shape. The cold forming process, another name for cold heading, begins with metal wire. Depending on the end use of the product, the wire can be various grades of stainless steel, steel, copper, brass, or other alloys. The wire feeds into the process and is sheared off by a cutter at a length that yields a volume of wire exactly equivalent to the amount of material needed for the finished product. The process continues with the formation of the head of the finished piece. The cold heading process is predominantly used in the production of bolts, screws, and other fasteners, which must have a specifically shaped head. The head shape can be produced with a die, a punch, or the combination of the two. If the end of the punch is shaped rather than flat, this forms part of the head shape of the finished piece. Designs used for cold heading are often referred to by the number of steps in the process. A two die/three blow process means the feed wire is forced into two different die shapes and is struck by three different punch blows. The number of blows required relates to the degree of size reduction required from the feed wire to the die. Generally one blow cannot effectively reduce the size by more than 30%. For bolts such as button caps and flat socket caps a two die, two blow machine is used. For more complex parts such a twelve point flange bolts as well as parts made from high strength alloys a five die, five blow header is used. Headers are available with configurations of one die one blow to seven die seven blows allowing for very simple to complex parts that require a lot of material movement to be made in this way. If required, the cold headed part can be threaded or machined after the cold heading process has been completed. There are also special variations of heading machines that not only form the fastener head but draw the shank to the roll diameter and roll the threads to produce a finished part. This type of manufacturing is used where high volume production is needed due to machine cost as well as the need to machine custom dies for each part. Depending on the particular machine set up time can be from several hours to more than a day. On the flip side once manufacturing begins

age Hardening - See precipitation hardening.

aircraft Quality - This phrase has been adopted and used by anyone and everyone who wants you to think their products are of a high quality. In the Aerospace industry each application has a specific need and the materials and specifications are matched to meet those needs. These parts may engineered for a low or high stress application or a high temperature application. This means that the part may not be very strong at all if it is designed for a low stress, high temperature application but, it will work just fine for what it is needed to do. This same part however will not be suitable for a racing or high performance applications as it was not designed to meet high stress loads.

anneal (Condition a) - Annealing, in metallurgy and materials science, is a heat treatment wherein a material is altered, causing changes in its properties such as strength and hardness. It is a process that produces conditions by heating to above the recrystallization temperature and maintaining a suitable temperature, and then cooling. Annealing is used to induce ductility, soften material, relieve internal stresses, refine the structure by making it homogeneous, and improve cold working properties.

Bolt - Tecnically this term is used when a nut is being used in conjunction with a bolt for fastening although this term is commonly interchangable with screw when referring to fasteners.

Bearing Surface - A bearing surface is a mechanical engineering term that refers to the area of contact between two objects. It usually is used in reference to bolted joints and bearings, but can be applied to a wide variety of engineering applications. On a screw the bearing area loosely refers to the underside of the head.2 Strictly speaking, the bearing area refers to the area of the screw head that directly bears on the part being fastened.3

Chromium - Chromium is a chemical element which has the symbol Cr and atomic number 24, first element in Group 6. It is a steely-gray, lustrous, hard metal that takes a high polish and has a high melting point. It is also odorless, tasteless, and malleable. The name of the element is derived from the Greek word chrma (), meaning color, because many of its compounds are intensely colored. It was discovered by Louis Nicolas Vauquelin in the mineral crocoite (lead chromate) in 1797. Crocoite was used as a pigment, and after the discovery that the mineral chromite also contains chromium this latter mineral was used to produce pigments as well. Chromium was regarded with great interest because of its high corrosion resistance and hardness. A major development was the discovery that steel could be made highly resistant to corrosion and discoloration by adding chromium to form stainless steel. This application, along with chrome plating (electroplating with chromium) are currently the highest-volume uses of the metal. Chromium and ferrochromium are produced from the single commercially viable ore, chromite, by silicothermic or aluminothermic reaction or by roasting and leaching processes. The strengthening effect of forming stable metal carbides at the grain boundaries and the strong increase in corrosion resistance made chromium an important alloying material for steel. The high speed tool steels contain between 3 and 5% chromium. Stainless steel, the main corrosion-proof metal alloy, is formed when chromium is added to iron in sufficient, usually more than 11% concentration. For its formation, ferrochromium is added to the molten iron. Also nickel-based alloys increase in strength due to the formation of discrete, stable metal carbide particles at the grain boundaries. For example, Inconel 718 contains 18.6% chromium. Because of the excellent high temperature properties of these nickel superalloys, they are used in jet engines and gas turbines in lieu of common structural materials.4

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metal forming processes, such as hammering, rolling, and drawing. Malleable materials can be formed using stamping or pressing, whereas brittle metals and plastics must be molded. High degrees of ductility occur due to metallic bonds, which are found predominantly in metals and leads to the common perception that metals are ductile in general. In metallic bonds valence shell electrons are delocalized and shared between many atoms. The delocalized electrons allow metal atoms to slide past one another without being subjected

to strong repulsive forces that would cause other materials to shatter. Ductility can be quantified by the fracture strain f which is the engineering strain at which a test specimen fractures during a uniaxial tensile test. Another commonly used measure is the reduction of area at fracture q.6

The following list ranks metals from the greatest ductility to least: gold, silver, platinum, iron, nickel, copper, aluminium, zinc, tin, and lead.5 The malleability of the same metals are then ranked from greatest to least: gold, silver, lead, copper, aluminium, tin, platinum, zinc, iron, and nickel.5 The ductility of steel varies depending on the alloying constituents. Increasing levels of carbon decreases ductility. This is why when comparing a carbon steel bolt to a 300 series stainless steel bolt of the same strength the carbon steel bolt has less ductility. The carbon steel bolt will actually break apart before the stainless bolt.

elongation - This is the stretching of a fastener. When elongating a fastener prior to reaching the yield point, the fastener is said to be operating in the elastic region; whereas elongation beyond the yield point is referred to as operating in the plastic region, since the fastener has suffered permanent plastic deformation.

Fatigue Strength - A measurement or the range of cyclic stress that can be applied to the fastener without causing fatigue failure.

part production can range from 80 to 500 part blanks per minute. Diamond Engineering uses cold heading for all of its standard fasteners manufactured from 18-8 stainless and Custom 450. For the 18-8 fasteners this means that they are work hardened providing additional strength and hardness.

Corrosion - Corrosion is the disintegration of an engineered material into its constituent atoms due to chemical reactions with its surroundings. In the most common use of the word, this means electrochemical oxidation of metals in reaction with an oxidant such as oxygen. Formation of an oxide of iron due to oxidation of the iron atoms in solid solution is a well-known example of electrochemical corrosion, commonly known as rusting. This type of damage typically produces oxide(s) and/or salt(s) of the original metal. Corrosion can also refer to other materials than metals, such as ceramics or polymers, although in this context, the term degradation is more common. In other words, corrosion is the wearing away of metals due to a chemical reaction. Many structural alloys corrode merely from exposure to moisture in the air, but the process can be strongly affected by exposure to certain substances. Corrosion can be concentrated locally to form a pit or crack, or it can extend across a wide area more or less uniformly corroding the surface. Because corrosion is a diffusion controlled process, it occurs on exposed surfaces. As a result, methods to reduce the activity of the exposed surface, such as passivation and chromate-conversion, can increase a materials corrosion resistance. However, some corrosion mechanisms are less visible and less predictable.High temperature corrosion is chemical deterioration of a material (typically a metal) under very high temperature conditions. This non-galvanic form of corrosion can occur when a metal is subject to a high temperature atmosphere containing oxygen, sulfur or other compounds capable of oxidising (or assisting the oxidation of) the material concerned. For example, materials used in aerospace, power generation and in car and motorcycle engines have to resist sustained periods at high temperature in which they may be exposed to an atmosphere containing potentially highly corrosive products of combustion. The products of high temperature corrosion can potentially be turned to the advantage of the engineer. The formation of oxides on stainless steels, for example, can provide a protective layer preventing further atmospheric attack, allowing for a material to be used for sustained periods at both room and high temperature in hostile conditions.

Ductility - Ductility is a mechanical property that describes the extent in which solid materials can be plastically deformed without fracture. In materials science, ductility specifically refers to a materials ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the materials ability to be stretched into a wire. Malleability, a similar concept, refers to a materials ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the materials ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling. Ductility and malleability do not always correlate with each other; for instance, gold is both ductile and malleable, but lead is only malleable.5 Commonly, the term ductility is used to refer to both concepts, as they are very similar. Ductility is especially important in metalworking, as materials that crack or break under stress cannot be manipulated using

Schematic appearance of round metal bars after tensile testing.(a) Brittle fracture(b) Ductile fracture(c) Completely ductile fracture

Tensile test of an AlMgSi alloy. The local necking and the cup and cone fracture surfaces are typical for ductile metals.

Tensile test of a nodular cast iron with very low ductility.

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galvanic Corrosion (Dissimilar Metal Corrosion) - Galvanic corrosion is an electrochemical process in which one metal corrodes preferentially to another when both metals are in electrical contact and immersed in an electrolyte. When two or more different sorts of metal come into contact in the presence of an electrolyte a galvanic couple is set up as different metals have different electrode potentials. The electrolyte provides a means for ion migration whereby metallic ions can move from the anode to the cathode. This leads to the anodic metal corroding more quickly than it otherwise would; the corrosion of the cathodic metal is retarded even to the point of stopping. The presence of electrolyte and a conducting path between the metals may cause corrosion where otherwise neither metal alone would have corroded. For example, consider a system is composed of 316 SS (a 300 series stainless steel; it is a very noble alloy meaning it is quite resistant to corrosion and has a high potential) and a mild steel (a very active metal with lower potential). The mild steel will corrode in the presence of an electrolyte such as salt water. If a sacrificial anode is used (such as a zinc alloy, aluminium alloy, or magnesium), these anodes will corrode, protecting the other metals. This is a common practice in the marine industry to protect ship equipment. Boats and vessels that are in salt water use either zinc alloy or aluminium alloy. If boats are only in fresh water, a magnesium alloy is used. Magnesium has one of the highest galvanic potentials of any metal. If it is used in a salt water application on a steel or aluminium hull boat, hydrogen bubbles will form under the paint, causing blistering and peeling. Metals (and their alloys) can be arranged in a galvanic series representing the potential they develop in a given electrolyte against a standard reference electrode. The relative position of two metals on such a series gives a good indication of which metal is more likely to corrode more quickly.

anodic IndexIndex (V) Most Cathodic0.00 - Gold, solid and plated, Gold-platinum alloy0.15 - Silver, solid or plated; monel metal. High nickel-copper alloys0.30 - Nickel, solid or plated, titanium and alloys, Monel0.35 - Copper, solid or plated, silver solder, nickel-chromium alloys0.40 - Brass and bronzes0.50 - 18% chromium type corrosion-resistant steels0.60 - Chromium plated; tin plated0.85 - Iron, wrought, gray or malleable, plain carbon and low alloy steels0.90 - Aluminum, wrought alloys other than 2000 series aluminum0.95 - Aluminum, cast alloys other than silicon type, cadmium, plated and chromate1.20 - Hot-dip-zinc plate; galvanized steel1.25 - Zinc, wrought; zinc-base die-casting alloys; zinc plated1.75 - Magnesium & magnesium-base alloys, cast or wrought Most Anodic

galvanic compatibility Typically there should be not more than 0.15 V difference in the Anodic Index. For example; gold - silver would have a difference of 0.15V being acceptable. For normal environments, such as storage in warehouses or non-temperature and humidity controlled environments, there should not be more than 0.25 V difference in the Anodic Index. For controlled environments, in which temperature and humidity are controlled, 0.50 V can be tolerated.12 Often when design requires that dissimilar metals come in contact, the galvanic compatibility is managed by finishes and plating. The finishing and plating selected facilitate the dissimilar materials being in contact and protect the base materials from corrosion.12 Another way to prevent galvanic corrosion is to simply use a lubricant such as anti-seize or a thread locker when required. The idea is to not only separate the materials from each other but to isolate them from the environment that will cause them to corrode. For almost any application you wil come ever come across regarding fasteners just by using anti-seize or thread locker you will solve any potential issues. The marine industry has been using stainless steel fasteners for decades in combination with aluminum, Magnesium, Nickle and Chrome plated parts without problems due to proper installation.

galling (Seizing) - When stainless steel parts such as nuts and bolts are forced together, the oxide layer can be scraped off, causing the parts to weld together. When disassembled, the welded material may be torn and pitted, an effect known as galling.

How to Stop thread galling on Stainless FastenersA few times each year we receive calls from fastener suppliers who are in conflict with their customer over the quality of stainless steel bolts and nuts. The customers complaint is that during installation the bolts are twisting off and/or the bolts threads are seizing to the nuts thread. The frustration of the supplier is that all required inspections of the fasteners indicate they are acceptable, but the fact remains that they are not working. This problem is called thread galling. According to the Industrial Fastener Institutes 6th Edition Standards Book (page B-28), Thread galling seems to be the most prevalent with fasteners made of stainless steel, aluminum, titanium, and other alloys which self-generate an oxide surface film for corrosion protection. During fastener tightening, as pressure builds between the contacting and sliding thread surfaces, protective oxides are broken, possibly wiped off, and interface metal high points shear or lock together. This cumulative clogging-shearing-locking action causes increasing adhesion. In the extreme, galling leads to seizing - the actual freezing together of the threads. If tightening is continued, the fastener can be twisted off or its threads ripped out.

The IFI and Diamond Engineering give three suggestions for dealing with the problem of thread galling in the use of stainless steel fasteners:

1. Slowing down the installation RPM speed will frequently reduce, or sometimes solve completely, the problem. As the installation RPM increases, the heat generated during tightening increases. As the heat increases, so does the tendency for the occurrence of thread galling. The use of air tools for the installation of stainless fasteners should be avoided.2. Lubricating the internal and/or external threads frequently eliminates thread galling. There are several different compounds of anti-seize readily available from local auto parts stores or industrial suppliers. Any of these will solve the problem of galling.3. Using different stainless alloy grades for the bolt and the nut reduces galling. The key here is the mating of materials having different hardnesses. If one of the components is 316 and the other is 304 theyre less likely to gall than if theyre both of the same alloy grade. This is because different alloys work-harden at different rates. Diamond Engineering does this for many applications such as in its motor mount and axle kits. This combined with the use of anti-seize allows for a hassle free installation and subsiquent services.

Another factor affecting thread galling in stainless steel fastener applications is thread roughness. The rougher the thread flanks, the greater the likelihood galling will occur. In an application where the bolt is galling with the internal thread, the bolt is usually presumed to be at fault, because it is the breaking component. Generally, it is the internal thread that is causing the problem instead of the bolt. This is because most bolt threads are smoother than most nut threads. Bolt threads are generally rolled, therefore, their thread flanks are relatively smooth. Internal threads are always cut, producing rougher thread flanks than those of the bolts they are mating with. Small dings or dents on the bolts threads can also cause galling. It is good practice to always inspect the fastener before installing it. Fortunately, stainless steel bolt and nut galling problems do not occur everyday, but when they do it usually creates a customer crisis. Knowledge of why this occurs and how to remedy it can save everyone much grief and many headaches. When thread galling occurs in stainless steel bolt and nut applications, dont panic. Try the suggestions listed above. One, or a combination of these, will probably resolve the problem immediately.

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Heat treatment - Heat treatment is a method used to alter the physical, and sometimes chemical properties of a material. The most common application is metallurgical. Heat treatments are also used in the manufacture of many other materials, such as glass. Heat treatment involves the use of heating or chilling, normally to extreme temperatures, to achieve a desired result such as hardening or softening of a material. Heat treatment techniques include annealing, case hardening, precipitation strengthening, tempering and quenching. It is noteworthy that while the term heat treatment applies only to processes where the heating and cooling are done for the specific purpose of altering properties intentionally, heating and cooling often occur incidentally during other manufacturing processes such as hot forming or welding.

Metallic materials consist of a microstructure of small crystals called grains or crystallites. The nature of the grains (i.e. grain size and composition) is one of the most effective factors that can determine the overall mechanical behavior of the metal. Heat treatment provides an efficient way to manipulate the properties of the metal by controlling rate of diffusion, and the rate of cooling within the microstructure.

grade 2 - 74,000 psi tensile strength

grade 5 - 120,000 psi tensile strength

grade 8 - 150,000 psi tensile strength

grade of Stainless - Stainless steel is not graded like your common steel alloys. The most common stainless alloys are the 300 series or 18-8. This alloy is not heat treatable and therefor not graded. Many companies will tell you the 18-8 stainless bolts they are selling are Grade 2 or Grade 5. Whether this is because they simply do not know what they are selling or they are not educated in their products we do not know. 18-8 (300 series) stainless starts out at 85,000 psi tensile in wire form before manufacturing a bolt or nut. This material is work hardened during manufacturing when cold formed resulting is a fastener that is 100,000-115,000 psi tensile strength. UGIMA 630 and Custom 450 stainless steel has a tensile strength of 145,000-170,000 psi in bar or wire form before manufacturing. These alloys must be heat treated after manufacturing and depending on the application can be treated up to 190,000psi tensile.

grain-boundary Strengthening - (also called Hall-Petch strengthening) This is a method of strengthening materials by changing their average crystallite (grain) size. It is based on the observation that grain boundaries impede dislocation movement and that the number of dislocations within a grain have an effect on how easily dislocations can traverse grain boundaries and travel from grain to grain. So, by changing grain size one can influence dislocation movement and yield strength. For example, heat treatment after plastic deformation and changing the rate of solidification are ways to alter grain size.9

grip - The unthreaded part of the fastener.

Hardness - This term in relation to fasteners will be stated using the Brinell, Vickers or Rockwell scales which measure indentation hardness. Indentation hardness measures the resistance of a sample to permanent plastic deformation due to a constant compression load from a sharp object; they are primarily used in engineering and metallurgy fields. The tests work on the basic premise of measuring the critical dimensions of an indentation left by a specifically dimensioned and loaded indenter. The Rockwell scale is a hardness scale based on the indentation hardness of a material. The Rockwell test determines the hardness by measuring the depth of penetration of an indenter under a large load compared to the penetration made by a preload. There are different scales, which are denoted by a single letter, that use different loads or indenters. The result, which is a dimensionless number, is noted by HRX where X is the scale letter. When testing metals, indentation hardness correlates linearly with tensile strength. example (RC40 means Rockwell C scale with a measurement of 40)

Pictured above are head bolts for S&S Harley engines after heat treating.

Diamond Engineering uses computer controlled heat treating ovens that insure batch consistantcy.

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phosphating, pickling, and electroplating. Susceptible alloys, after chemical or electrochemical treatments where hydrogen is produced, are often subjected to heat treatment to remove absorbed hydrogen. There is a 4-hour time limit for baking out entrapped hydrogen after acid treating the parts. This is the time between the end of acid exposure and the beginning of the heating cycle in the baking furnace. This per SAE AMS 2759/9 Section 3.3.3.1 which calls out the correct procedure for eliminating entrapped hydrogen. It is important to know that if you chrome plate fasteners they will become brittle due to the absorbed hydrogen. Unless your chrome plater has the facilities to bake out the hydrogen from your fasteners you should not use them for any critical areas on your vehicle such as suspension or engine.

Intergranular Corrosion - Intergranular corrosion (IGC), also known as intergranular attack (IGA), is a form of corrosion where the boundaries of crystallites of the material are more susceptible to corrosion than their insides. (Cf. transgranular corrosion.) This situation can happen in otherwise corrosion-resistant alloys, when the grain boundaries are depleted of the corrosion-inhibiting compound by some mechanism. In nickel alloys and austenitic stainless steels, where chromium is added for corrosion resistance, the mechanism involved is formation of chromium carbide at the grain boundaries, forming chromium-depleted zones (this process is called sensitization). Around 12% chromium is minimally required to ensure passivation, mechanism by which a thin invisible layer forms at the surface of stainless steels. This layer protects the metal from corrosive environments and it is, thus, stainless.

Magnetism - 18-8 stainless steel in its raw condition is non-magnetic. Trace amounts of magnetism can be introduced through cold working. Alloys such as UGIMA 630 and Custom 450 are magnetic. Many people equate magnetism with low corrosion resistance because of using alloys such as 410 stainless which is magnetic and has low corrosion resistance. Magnetism or the lack of does not determine whether a material has more or less corrosion resistance.

Major Diameter - Major diameter is the largest diameter of the thread. For a male thread, this means outside diameter, but in careful usage the better term is major diameter, since the underlying physical property being referred to is independent of the male/female context. On a female thread, the major diameter is not on the outside. The terms inside and outside invite confusion, whereas the terms major and minor are always unambiguous.

Minor Diameter - Minor diameter is the smallest diameter of the thread.

Molybdenum - Molybdenum is a Group 6 chemical element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The name is from Neo-Latin Molybdaenum, from Ancient Greek molybdos, meaning lead, since its ores were confused with lead ores.13 The free element, which is a silvery metal, has the sixth-highest melting point of any element. Because of the ability of molybdenum to withstand extreme temperatures without significantly expanding or softening makes it useful in applications that involve intense heat, including the manufacture of aircraft parts, electrical contacts, industrial motors and fasteners. Most high-strength steel alloys (example 41xx steels) contain 0.25% to 8% molybdenum.13 Despite such small portions, more than 43,000 tonnes of molybdenum are used as an alloying agent each year in stainless steels, tool steels, cast irons and high-temperature superalloys.14 Molybdenum is also used in steel alloys for its high corrosion resistance and weldability.13 Molybdenum contributes further corrosion resistance to chrome-moly type-300 stainless steels (high-chromium steels that are corrosion-resistant already due

Hot Heading (Hot Forging / Induction Forging) - Induction forging refers to the use of an induction heater to pre-heat metals prior to deformation using a press or hammer. Typically metals are heated to between 1,100 C (2,010 F) and 1,200 C (2,190 F) to increase their malleability and aid flow in the forging die. Induction heating is a non-contact process which uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to produce heat in a workpiece. By placing a conductive material into a strong alternating magnetic field, electrical current is made to flow in the material, thereby causing Joule heating. In magnetic materials, further heat is generated below the Curie point due to hysteresis losses. The generated current flows predominantly in the surface layer, the depth of this layer being dictated by the frequency of the alternating field and the permeability of the material There are several types of induction heating. Bar end heating is typically used where only a portion of the bar is to be forged. Typical applications of bar end heating are hot heading of bolts.

Hydrogen embrittlement - Hydrogen embrittlement is the process by which various metals, most importantly high-strength steel, become brittle and fracture following exposure to hydrogen. Hydrogen embrittlement is often the result of unintentional introduction of hydrogen into susceptible metals during forming or finishing operations.

Jewett reports the results of tensile tests carried out on several structural metals under high-pressure molecular hydrogen environment. These tests have shown that austenitic stainless steels, aluminum (including alloys), copper (including alloys, e.g. beryllium copper) are not susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement along with few other metals. Hydrogen embrittlement can occur during various manufacturing operations or operational use - anywhere that the metal comes into contact with atomic or molecular hydrogen. Processes that can lead to this include cathodic protection,

Hydfogen Embrittlement of a chrome plated bolt.

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to their chromium content) and especially so in the so-called superaustenitic stainless steels (such as alloy AL-6XN). Molybdenum acts by increasing lattice strain, thus increasing the energy required to dissolve out iron atoms from the surface.

Non-Ferrous - The term non-ferrous is used to indicate metals other than iron and alloys that do not contain an appreciable amount of iron.

Passivating - Passivation is the process of making a material passive, usually by the deposition of a layer of oxide on its surface. In air, passivation affects the properties of almost all metalsnotable examples being stainless, aluminium, zinc, titanium, and silicon. In the context of corrosion, passivation is the spontaneous formation of a hard non-reactive surface film that inhibits further corrosion. This layer is usually an oxide or nitride that is a few nanometers thick.

Given the right conditions, a thin film of corrosion products can form on a metals surface spontaneously, acting as a barrier to further oxidation. When this layer stops growing at less than a micrometre thick under the conditions that a material will be used in, the phenomenon is known as passivation (rust, for example, usually grows to be much thicker, and so is not considered passivation, because this mixed oxidized layer is not protective). While this effect is in some sense a property of the material, it serves as an indirect kinetic barrier: the reaction is often quite rapid unless and until an impermeable layer forms. Passivation in air and water at moderate pH is seen in such materials as aluminium, stainless steel, titanium, and silicon.

Pickling - This is a metal surface treatment used to remove impurities, such as stains, inorganic contaminants, rust or scale, from ferrous metals, copper, and aluminum alloys.15 A solution called pickle liquor, which contains strong acids, is used to remove the surface impurities. It is commonly used to descale or clean steel in various steelmaking processes.

Pitch (Lead) - Lead and pitch are closely related concepts. They can be confused because they are the same for most screws. Lead is the distance along the screws axis that is covered by one complete rotation of the screw (360). Pitch is the distance from the crest of one thread to the next. Because the vast majority of screw threadforms are single-start threadforms, their lead and pitch are the same. Single-start means that there is only one ridge wrapped around the cylinder of the screws body. Each time that the screws body rotates one turn (360), it has advanced axially by the width of one ridge. Double-start means that there are two ridges wrapped around the cylinder of the screws body.16 Each time that the screws body rotates one turn (360), it has advanced axially by the width

of two ridges. Another way to express this is that lead and pitch are parametrically related, and the parameter that relates them, the number of starts, very often has a value of 1, in which case their relationship becomes equality. In general, lead is equal to S times pitch, in which S is the number of starts. While specifying the pitch of a metric thread form is common, inch-based standards usually use threads per inch (TPI), which is how many threads occur per inch of axial screw length. Pitch and TPI describe the same underlying physical propertymerely in different terms. When the inch is used as the unit of measurement for pitch, TPI is the reciprocal of pitch and vice versa. For example, a 14-20 thread has 20 TPI, which means that its pitch is 120 inch (0.050).

Pitch Diameter - Pitch diameter, also known as mean diameter, is a diameter in between major and minor. It is the diameter at which each pitch is equally divided between the mating male and female threads. It is important to the fit between male and female threads, because a thread can be cut to various depths in between the major and minor diameters, with the roots and crests of the threadform being variously truncated, but male and female threads will only mate properly if their sloping sides are in contact, and that contact can only happen if the pitch diameters of male and female threads match closely. Another way to think of pitch diameter is the diameter on which male and female should meet.

Pitting Corrosion - Pitting corrosion, or pitting, is a form of extremely localized corrosion that leads to the creation of small holes in the metal. The driving power for pitting corrosion is the depassivation of a small area, which becomes anodic while an unknown but potentially vast area becomes cathodic, leading to very localized galvanic corrosion. The corrosion penetrates the mass of the metal, with limited diffusion of ions. The mechanism of pitting corrosion is probably the same as crevice corrosion.

Molybdenum crystaline fragment and 1cm3 cube

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stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before necking, which is when the specimens cross-section starts to significantly contract. Tensile strength is the opposite of compressive strength and the values can be quite different. The UTS is usually found by performing a tensile test and recording the stress versus strain; the highest point of the stress-strain curve is the UTS. It is an intensive property; therefore its value does not depend on the size of the test specimen. However, it is dependent on other factors, such as the preparation of the specimen, the presence or otherwise of surface defects, and the temperature of the test environment and material. Tensile strength is defined as a stress, which is measured as force per unit area. In the SI system, the unit is pascal (Pa) or, equivalently, newtons per square metre (N/m). The customary unit is pounds-force per square inch (lbf/in or psi), or kilo-pounds per square inch (ksi), which is equal to 1000 psi; kilo-pounds per square inch are commonly used for convenience when measuring tensile strengths.

threads (Inch)

thread Standards The Unified Thread Standard (UTS) defines a standard thread form and seriesalong with allowances, tolerances, and designationsfor screw threads commonly used in the United States and Canada. It has the same 60 profile as the ISO metric screw thread used in the rest of the world, but the characteristic dimensions of each UTS thread (outer diameter and pitch) were chosen as an inch fraction rather than a round millimeter value. The UTS is currently controlled by ASME/ANSI in the United States.thread Classes A classification system exists for ease of manufacture and interchangeability of fabricated threaded items. Most (but certainly not all) threaded items are made to a classification standard called the Unified Screw Thread Standard Series. This system is analogous to the fits used with assembled parts. Classes 1A, 2A, 3A apply to external threads; Classes 1B, 2B, 3B apply to internal threads. Class 1 threads are loosely fitting threads intended for ease of assembly or use in a dirty environment. Class 2 threads are the most common. They are designed to maximize strength considering typical machine shop capability and machine practice. Class 3 threads are used for closer tolerances. Thread class refers to the acceptable range of pitch diameter for any given thread.

threads (Metric)

thread Standards The ISO metric screw threads are the world-wide most commonly used type of general-purpose screw thread. They were one of the first international standards agreed when the International Organization for Standardization was set up in 1947.

Preload - The clamp load, also called preload, of a fastener is created when a torque is applied, and is generally a percentage of the fasteners proof strength; a fastener is manufactured to various standards that define, among other things, its strength and clamp load. Torque charts are available to identify the required torque for a fastener based on its property class or grade. When a fastener is tightened, it is stretched and the parts being fastened are compressed; this can be modeled as a spring-like assembly that has a non-intuitive distribution of strain. External forces are designed to act on the fastened parts rather than on the fastener, and as long as the forces acting on the fastened parts do not exceed the clamp load, the fastener is not subjected to any increased load. However, this is a simplified model that is only valid when the fastened parts are much stiffer than the fastener. In reality, the fastener is subjected to a small fraction of the external load even if that external load does not exceed the clamp load. When the fastened parts are less stiff than the fastener (soft, compressed gaskets for example), this model breaks down; the fastener is subjected to a load that is the sum of the preload and the external load.

Precipitation Hardening - Precipitation hardening, also called age hardening, is a heat treatment technique used to increase the yield strength of malleable materials, including most structural alloys of aluminium, magnesium, nickel and titanium, and some stainless steels. It relies on changes in solid solubility with temperature to produce fine particles of an impurity phase, which impede the movement of dislocations, or defects in a crystals lattice. Since dislocations are often the dominant carriers of plasticity, this serves to harden the material. The impurities play the same role as the particle substances in particle-reinforced composite materials. Just as the formation of ice in air can produce clouds, snow, or hail, depending upon the thermal history of a given portion of the atmosphere, precipitation in solids can produce many different sizes of particles, which have radically different properties. Unlike ordinary tempering, alloys must be kept at elevated temperature for hours to allow precipitation to take place. This time delay is called aging.1

Screw - Tecnically this term is used when a fastener is being threaded directly into the part it is clamping although this term is commonly interchangable with bolt when referring to fasteners.

Shear Strength - Shear strength in engineering is a term used to describe the strength of a material or component against the type of yield or structural failure where the material or component fails in shear.

Solid solution strengthening - This is a type of alloying that can be used to improve the strength of a pure metal. The technique works by adding atoms of one element (the alloying element) to the crystalline lattice of another element (the base metal). The alloying element diffuses into the matrix, forming a solid solution. In most binary systems, when alloyed above a certain concentration, a second phase will form. When this increases the strength of the material, the process is known as precipitation strengthening, but this is not always the case.

Stretch - Refers to the amount of stretch in a tensioned fastener. When a bolt is properlt installed it will be torqued to 75% of its tensile strength to achive proper preload. This bolt will actually stretch slightly acting as a spring and enabling it to have proper retension in the bolted joint.

tensile Strength - Ultimate tensile strength (UTS), often shortened to tensile strength (TS) or ultimate strength,17 18 is the maximum

Shown here is a diagram of how a bolt is fixtured for destructive telsile

testing.

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thread Classes Imperial internal and external thread tolerance class 2B/2A is essentially equivalent to ISO thread tolerance class and fit 6H/6g. Imperial tolerance class 3A is approximately equivalent to ISO tolerance class 4g6g, though class fit 3B/3A is approximately equivalent to ISO class fit 4H5H/4h6h.

thread Depth - Screw threads are almost never made perfectly sharp (no truncation at the crest or root), but instead are truncated, which is known as the thread depth or percentage of thread. The UTS and ISO standards codify the amount of truncation, including tolerance ranges. A perfectly sharp 60 V-thread will have a depth of thread (height from root to crest) equal to 86.6% of the pitch. This fact is intrinsic to the geometry of an equilateral trianglea direct result of the basic trigonometric functions. It is independent of measurement units (inch vs mm). The typical depth of UTS and ISO threads with truncation included is around 75% of the pitch. Threads can be (and often are) truncated a bit more, yielding thread depths of 60% to 65%. This makes the thread-cutting easier (yielding shorter cycle times and longer tap and die life) without a large sacrifice in thread strength. For many applications, 60% threads are optimal, and 75% threads are wasteful or over-engineered.The pitch diameter is unchanged by these operations which change material dimensions.

thread engagement - Thread engagement is the length or number of threads that are engaged between the screw and the female threads.

thread rolling - In this process, the component material is stressed beyond its yield point, being deformed plastically, and, thus permanently. In the profiling process, the grain structure of the material is, unlike cutting, displaced, not removed. This process can be readily seen on the micrograph to the right, illustrating threads formed and rolled.What technical advantages are offered by the rolling Process?1) A high degree of profile accuracy2) A stronger thread3) Burnished thread flanks4) Improved wear resistance

The inherent tensile and fatigue strength under reversed bendingstresses are basic to the uninterrupted structure. Micrographs show distinctly how the material grain follows the thread profile. The burnished thread surface with a roughness level of below 5 m improves resistance to corrosion and reduces abrasion within the thread. The work hardened flank provides increased surface tensile, yield, and shear strength. Due to pressure deformation, a residual compressive stress system builds up at the thread root, which counteracts tensile loading. When compared to a cut thread, the load capacity of the rolledthread is increased by 612 %.

thread root - The smallest diameter of the thread.

torque - Loosely speaking, torque is a measure of the turning force on an object such as a bolt or a flywheel. For example, pushing or pulling the handle of a wrench connected to a nut or bolt produces a torque (turning force) that loosens or tightens the nut or bolt. There are three methods to torque a fastener to achive proper preload.

1. Fastener stretch gauge - This is the most accurate however in most applications it is not possible to use due to the inability to fix the gauge on the fastener. To use this method you use a gauge that has a dial indicator to measure the pre-installed fastener length. With the gauge fixed to the fastener you tighten it until you have stretched the fastener to a predetermined length that will give it the correct preload.

2. Torque angle - This method relies on the calculation of the thread pitch and degree of rotation, amount of thread engagement and the amount of compression of the parts being clamped. For this method you will have directions to first torque the fastener to a small measured torque and then turn the fastener a percentage of a turn more. Harley-Davidson uses this method for the installation of its head bolts for all Evolution and Twin Cam engines. Only use this method when instructed by a manufacture and only when using the parts that were originally used to calculate the specifications.

3. Torque wrench - The use of a torque wrench is the most common for installing fasteners today. When using this method it is always recommended that you follow the fastener manufactures recommended torque value as well as using the lubricant associated with the values given. Lubricants can change the value by as much as 30%. This method relies on having a specific coefficient of friction to achive the proper preload by tightening the fastener a predetermined amount.

Remember, a fastener works like a spring when it is properly installed. It will stretch a specific amount and be spring loaded holding the parts in place. If the fastener is over-tightened it will fracture and loose its spring. This can lead to a failure as the fastener has already failed. Do not over-tighten a fastener beyond the manufactures recommended value. This will not hold the parts together stronger it will only lead to fastener failure and potentially worse!

toughness - In materials science and metallurgy, toughness is defined as the amount of energy per volume that a material can absorb before rupturing. It is also defined as the resistance to fracture of a material when stressed. Strength and toughness are related. A material may be strong and tough if it ruptures under high forces, exhibiting high strains, while brittle materials may be strong but with limited strain values so that they are not tough. Generally speaking, strength indicates how much force the material can support, while toughness indicates how much energy a material can absorb before rupturing.

Depth of thread expressed as a percentage of pitch. Pitch in this diagram is unit pitch (=1). Diagram applies to 60 V-threads such as UTS and ISO.

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Work Hardened - Work hardening, also known as strain hardening, is the strengthening of a metal by plastic deformation. This strengthening occurs because of dislocation movements within the crystal structure of the material.8 Any material with a reasonably high melting point such as metals and alloys can be strengthened in this fashion. Alloys not amenable to heat treatment, including low-carbon steel, are often work-hardened. Some materials cannot be work-hardened at normal ambient temperatures, such as indium, however others can only be strengthened via work hardening, such as pure copper and aluminum.7

yeild or yield Strength - The yield strength or yield point of a material is defined in engineering and materials science as the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically. Prior to the yield point the material will deform elastically and will return to its original shape when the applied stress is removed. Once the yield point is passed some fraction of the deformation will be permanent and non-reversible. There are several ways in which crystalline and amorphous materials can be engineered to increase their yield strength. By altering dislocation density, impurity levels, grain size (in crystalline materials), the yield strength of the material can be fine tuned. This occurs typically by introducing defects such as impurities dislocations in the material. To move this defect (plastically deforming or yielding the material), a larger stress must be applied. This thus causes a higher yield stress in the material. While many material properties depend only on the composition of the bulk material, yield strength is extremely sensitive to the materials processing as well for this reason. These mechanisms for crystalline materials include work hardening, solid solution strengthening, particle/precipitate strengthening and grain boundary strengthening.

Typical yield behavior for non-ferrous alloys.

1: True elastic limit2: Proportionality limit3: Elastic limit4: Offset yield strength

references

1. W.D. Callister. Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering, 2nd ed. Wiley & Sons. pp. 252.2. Smith 1990, p. 383. Fastener terms, http://www.canadianstainless.ca/page9.html, retrieved 2009-06-294. Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H.. Nickel-Based Superalloys. University of Cambridge. http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans/2003/Superalloys/superalloys.html. Retrieved 2009-02-175. Rich, Jack C. (1988), The Materials and Methods of Sculpture, Courier Dover Publications, p. 1296. G. Dieter, Mechanical Metallurgy, McGraw-Hill, 19867. Smith & Hashemi 2006, p. 246.8. Degarmo, Black & Kohser 2003, p. 60.9. W.D. Callister. Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering, 2nd ed. Wiley & Sons. pp. 252.10. Steel Glossary. American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI).11. Findagrave.com12. Handbook of Corrosion Engineering by Pierre R. Roberge13. Molybdenum. In Lide, David R.. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 4. Chemical Rubber Publishing Company. p. 18.14. Molybdenum. In Considine, Glenn D.. Van Nostrands Encyclopedia of Chemistry. New York: Wiley-Interscience. pp. 10381040.15. Concise encyclopedia chemistry (revised ed.), Walter de Gruyter, p. 83416. Bhandari, p. 205.17. Degarmo, Black & Kohser 2003, p. 3118. Smith & Hashemi 2006, p. 223

Button Cap

Flat Socket

Cap

Socket Cap Hex Cap Hex Nut

Bolt size Key size Key size Key size Wrench sizeWrench

size#4 1/16 1/16 3/32* - 1/4

#6 5/64 5/64 7/64 - 5/16

#8 3/32 3/32 9/64 - 11/32

#10 1/8 1/8 5/32 - 3/8

#12 - - - - 7/16

1/4 5/32 5/32 3/16 7/16 7/16

5/16 3/16 3/16 1/4 1/2 1/2

3/8 7/32 7/32 5/16 9/16 9/16

7/16 - - 3/8 5/8 11/16

1/2 3/16 3/16 3/8 3/4 3/4

9/16 - - - 13/16 7/8

5/8 3/8 3/8 1/2 15/16 15/16

M3 2 2 2.5 - 5.5

M4 2.5 2.5 3 - 7

M5 3 3 4 8 8

M6 4 4 5 10 10

M8 5 5 6 13 13

M10 6 6 8 17 17

M12 8 8 10 19 19

This handy chart lists what size allen key or wrench fits a particular size bolt. It can aid you in identifying bolt sizes when you do not have a gauge. Please note that this chart references inch machine screw nuts up to #12 (ANSI B18.6.3), finished nuts from 1/4-up (ANSI B18.2.2), button and flat socket caps (ANSI B18.3), hex caps (ANSI B18.2.1) and socket caps (ANSI B18.3) and metric nuts (DIN 934, 985, 439), button and flat socket caps (DIN 7380, 7991), hex caps (DIN 931, 933) and socket caps (DIN 912). Note: All fasteners are on your vehicle may not be made to these standards. This chart is intended for general reference for common standards. Please refer to the other charts in this catalog to help determine the correct size as well. * #4 and #5 socket cap screws have the same size. You can not use this to determene the fastener size.

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torque Chart for 18-8 Stainless

Fasteners

Size Inch/lbs Ft/lbs4-40 5.2 -6-32 9.6 -8-32 19.8 -10-24 22.8 -10-32 31.7 -12-24 58.8 -1/4-20 75.2 61/4-28 94.0 85/16-18 132 105/16-24 142 123/8-16 236 203/8-24 259 227/16-14 - 317/16-20 - 331/2-13 - 431/2-20 - 459/16-12 - 579/16-18 - 635/8-11 - 935/8-18 - 1043/4-10 - 1243/4-16 - 128M3-.5 8.0 -M4-.7 20.7 -M5-.8 40.6 -M6-1.0 69.3 6M8-1.25 169 14M10-1.5 335 28M12-1.75 - 48M14-2.0 - 78M16-2.0 - 119

torque Chart for race Proof

FastenerstM

Size Inch/lbs Ft/lbs1/4-20 156 131/4-28 168 145/16-18 312 265/16-24 336 283/8-16 - 463/8-24 - 507/16-14 - 737/16-20 - 801/2-13 - 1111/2-20 - 1229/16-12 - 1609/16-18 - 1715/8-11 - 2125/8-18 - 224M6-1.0 144 12M8-1.25 300 25M10-1.5 - 54M10-1.25 - 56

Torque values listed here are general recommendations: not for specific installations. Torque values are based on 30wt oil and will vary with the use of different lubricants.

Inch / Metric Bolt equivalent Chart

This chart can help you figure out what size bolt you have when working in inch and metric. Please note that you must take into consideration standard tolerences in bolt manufacturing. This will make the bolts measure slightly smaller than listed here.

sizeouter

Diameter(inches)

nearest metric size

outer Diameter(inches)

# 4 .112 M2.6 .102

# 5 .125 M3 .118

# 6 .138 M3.5 .138

# 8 .164 M4 .157

# 10 .190 M5 .197

# 12 .216 - -

1/4 .250 M6 .236

5/16 .313 M8 .315

3/8 .375 M10 .394

7/16 .438 - -

1/2 .500 M12 .472

9/16 .563 M14 .551

5/8 .625 M16 .630

3/4 .750 M20 .787

7/8 .875 M22 .866

Inch to Millimeters equivalent Chart

When you are ordering metric fasteners but have no way of measuring them in millimeters this conversion chart will aid you. Remember that bolts and washers are not available in all sizes. Please refer to the proper catalog section to see what lengths or sizes are available for your application.

SizeInch

SizeInch

SizeMM

1/64 .015 0.39

1/32 .031 0.79

3/64 .046 1.19

1/16 .062 1.58

5/64 .078 1.98

3/32 .093 2.38

7/64 .109 2.77

1/8 .125 3.17

9/64 .140 3.57

5/32 .156 3.96

11/64 .171 4.36

3/16 .187 4.76

13/64 .203 5.15

7/32 .218 5.55

15/64 .234 5.95

1/4 .250 6.35

17/64 .265 6.74

9/32 .281 7.14

19/64 .296 7.54

5/16 .312 7.93

21/64 .328 8.33

11/32 .343 8.73

23/64 .359 9.12

3/8 .375 9.52

25/64 .390 9.92

13/32 .406 10.31

27/64 .421 10.71

7/16 .437 11.11

29/64 .453 11.50

15/32 .468 11.90

31/64 .484 12.30

1/2 .500 12.70

33/64 .515 13.09

17/32 .531 13.49

35/64 .546 13.89

9/16 .562 14.28

37/64 .578 14.68

19/32 .593 15.08

39/64 .609 15.47

5/8 .625 15.87

41/64 .640 16.27

21/32 .656 16.66

43/64 .671 17.06

11/16 .687 17.46

45/64 .703 17.85

23/32 .718 18.25

47/64 .734 18.65

3/4 .750 19.05

49/64 .765 19.44

25/32 .781 19.84

51/64 .796 20.24

13/16 .812 20.63

53/64 .828 21.03

27/32 .843 21.43

55/64 .859 21.82

7/8 .875 22.22

57/64 .890 22.62

29/32 .906 23.01

59/64 .921 23.41

15/16 .937 23.81

61/64 .953 24.20

31/32 .968 24.60

63/64 .984 25.00

1 1.000 25.40

Tech Tip - Torque fasteners in three steps to achieve the correct preload. Example: (Torque spec is 80 ft. lbs. Torque to 40 then 60 and finally 80 ft. lbs.). Torquing in small increments such as starting at 40 then 45, 50,55 etc... will give you an inaccurate final torque.

The quantity of fasteners included in Refill Packs is the last number in the part number. Examples: HC0610HP-10 Includes 10 pieces

All Part Numbers in Magenta are NeW items DiamonD EnginEEring PhonE: 386-677-9093 Fax: 386-677-2384 Email : inFo@DEPss.com

14

BUttoN CaPSCoarse thread

Size IndividualPart #refill Pack

Part #4-40x1/4 Bc0002hP -4-40x3/8 Bc0003hP -4-40x1/2 Bc0004hP -4-40x5/8 Bc0005hP -4-40x3/4 Bc0006hP -6-32x1/4 Bc0102hP -6-32x3/8 Bc0103hP -6-32x1/2 Bc0104hP -6-32x5/8 Bc0105hP -6-32x3/4 Bc0106hP -6-32x7/8 Bc0107hP -6-32x1 Bc0110hP -8-32x1/4 Bc0202hP -8-32x5/16 Bc0202.5hP -8-32x3/8 Bc0203hP Bc0203hP-108-32x7/16 Bc0203.5hP Bc0203.5hP-108-32x1/2 Bc0204hP Bc0204hP-108-32x5/8 Bc0205hP Bc0205hP-108-32x3/4 Bc0206hP Bc0206hP-108-32x7/8 Bc0207hP Bc0207hP-108-32x1 Bc0210hP Bc0210hP-108-32x1 1/4 Bc0212hP -8-32x1 1/2 Bc0214hP -10-24x1/4 Bc0302hP -10-24x3/8 Bc0303hP -10-24x1/2 Bc0304hP Bc0304hP-1010-24x5/8 Bc0305hP Bc0305hP-1010-24x3/4 Bc0306hP Bc0306hP-1010-24x7/8 Bc0307hP Bc0307hP-1010-24x1 Bc0310hP Bc0310hP-1010-24x1 1/4 Bc0312hP Bc0312hP-1010-24x1 1/2 Bc0314hP Bc0314hP-1010-24x1 3/4 Bc0316hP -10-24x2 Bc0320hP -10-24x2 1/2 Bc0324hP -10-24x3 Bc0330hP -1/4-20x1/4 Bc0402hP -1/4-20x3/8 Bc0403hP -1/4-20x1/2 Bc0404hP Bc0404hP-101/4-20x5/8 Bc0405hP Bc0405hP-10

1/4-20x3/4 Bc0406hP Bc0406hP-101/4-20x7/8 Bc0407hP Bc0407hP-101/4-20x1 Bc0410hP Bc0410hP-101/4-20x1 1/4 Bc0412hP Bc0412hP-101/4-20x1 1/2 Bc0414hP Bc0414hP-101/4-20x1 3/4 Bc0416hP Bc0416hP-101/4-20x2 Bc0420hP Bc0420hP-101/4-20x2 1/4 Bc0422hP Bc0422hP-101/4-20x2 1/2 Bc0424hP Bc0424hP-101/4-20x3 Bc0430hP -1/4-20x3 1/2 Bc0434hP -1/4-20x4 Bc0440hP -5/16-18x3/8 Bc0503hP -5/16-18x1/2 Bc0504hP Bc0504hP-105/16-18x5/8 Bc0505hP Bc0505hP-105/16-18x3/4 Bc0506hP Bc0506hP-105/16-18x7/8 Bc0507hP Bc0507hP-105/16-18x1 Bc0510hP Bc0510hP-105/16-18x1 1/4 Bc0512hP Bc0512hP-105/16-18x1 1/2 Bc0514hP Bc0514hP-105/16-18x1 3/4 Bc0516hP Bc0516hP-105/16-18x2 Bc0520hP Bc0520hP-105/16-18x2 1/4 Bc0522hP Bc0522hP-105/16-18x2 1/2 Bc0524hP Bc0524hP-105/16-18x3 Bc0530hP -5/16-18x3 1/2 Bc0534hP -5/16-18x4 Bc0540hP -3/8-16x1/2 Bc0604hP Bc0604hP-103/8-16x5/8 Bc0605hP Bc0605hP-103/8-16x3/4 Bc0606hP Bc0606hP-103/8-16x1 Bc0610hP Bc0610hP-103/8-16x1 1/4 Bc0612hP Bc0612hP-103/8-16x1 1/2 Bc0614hP Bc0614hP-103/8-16x1 3/4 Bc0616hP Bc0616hP-103/8-16x2 Bc0620hP Bc0620hP-103/8-16x2 1/4 Bc0622hP Bc0622hP-103/8-16x2 1/2 Bc0624hP Bc0624hP-103/8-16x2 3/4 Bc0626hP -3/8-16x3 Bc0630hP -3/8-16x3 1/4 Bc0632hP -3/8-16x3 1/2 Bc0634hP -3/8-16x4 Bc0640hP -3/8-16x4 1/2 Bc0644hP -3/8-16x5 Bc0650hP -1/2-13x1 Bc0810hP -1/2-13x1 1/4 Bc0812hP -1/2-13x1 1/2 Bc0814hP -1/2-13x1 3/4 Bc0816hP -1/2-13x2 Bc0820hP -

1/2-13x2 1/2 Bc0824hP -1/2-13x3 Bc0830hP -1/2-13x3 1/2 Bc0834hP -1/2-13x4 Bc0840hP -

Fine thread10-32x1/4 BF0302hP -10-32x3/8 BF0303hP -10-32x1/2 BF0304hP BF0304hP-1010-32x5/8 BF0305hP BF0305hP-1010-32x3/4 BF0306hP BF0306hP-1010-32x7/8 BF0307hP BF0307hP-1010-32x1 BF0310hP BF0310hP-1010-32x1 1/4 BF0312hP BF0312hP-1010-32x1 1/2 BF0314hP BF0314hP-1010-32x1 3/4 BF0316hP BF0316hP-1010-32x2 BF0320hP BF0320hP-1010-32x2 1/2 BF0324hP BF0324hP-1010-32x3 BF0330hP -1/4-28x1/4 BF0402hP -1/4-28x1/2 BF0404hP BF0404hP-101/4-28x5/8 BF0405hP BF0405hP-101/4-28x3/4 BF0406hP BF0406hP-101/4-28x1 BF0410hP BF0410hP-101/4-28x1 1/4 BF0412hP BF0412hP-101/4-28x1 1/2 BF0414hP BF0414hP-101/4-28x2 BF0420hP BF0420hP-105/16-24x3/8 BF0503hP -5/16-24x1/2 BF0504hP BF0504hP-105/16-24x5/8 BF0505hP BF0505hP-105/16-24x3/4 BF0506hP BF0506hP-105/16-24x1 BF0510hP BF0510hP-105/16-24x1 1/4 BF0512hP BF0512hP-105/16-24x1 1/2 BF0514hP BF0514hP-105/16-24x1 3/4 BF0516hP -5/16-24x2 BF0520hP -5/16-24x2 1/2 BF0524hP -5/16-24x3 BF0530hP -3/8-24x3/4 BF0606hP BF0606hP-103/8-24x1 BF0610hP BF0610hP-103/8-24x1 1/4 BF0612hP BF0612hP-103/8-24x1 1/2 BF0614hP BF0614hP-101/2-20x3/4 BF0806hP -1/2-20x1 BF0810hP -1/2-20x1 1/4 BF0812hP -1/2-20x1 1/2 BF0814hP -1/2-20x1 3/4 BF0816hP -1/2-20x2 BF0820hP -1/2-20x2 1/2 BF0824hP -1/2-20x3 BF0830hP -

Measure like this to calculate proper length

The quantity of fasteners included in Refill Packs is the last number in the part number. Examples: HC0610HP-10 Includes 10 pieces

All Applications and Part Numbers in Magenta are NeW items DiamonD EnginEEring PhonE: 386-677-9093 Fax: 386-677-2384 Email : inFo@DEPss.com

15

FLat SoCKet CaPSCoarse thread

size IndividualPart #refill Pack

Part #4-40x3/8 Fc0003hP -4-40x1/2 Fc0004hP -4-40x5/8 Fc0005hP -4-40x3/4 Fc0006hP -6-32x1/4 Fc0102hP -6-32x3/8 Fc0103hP -6-32x1/2 Fc0104hP -6-32x5/8 Fc0105hP -6-32x3/4 Fc0106hP -6-32x7/8 Fc0107hP -6-32x1 Fc0110hP -6-32x11/4 Fc0112hP -6-32x11/2 Fc0114hP -8-32x1/4 Fc0202hP -8-32x3/8 Fc0203hP -8-32x7/16 Fc0203.5hP Fc0203.5hP-108-32x1/2 Fc0204hP Fc0204hP-108-32x5/8 Fc0205hP Fc0205hP-108-32x3/4 Fc0206hP Fc0206hP-108-32x7/8 Fc0207hP Fc0207hP-108-32x1 Fc0210hP Fc0210hP-108-32x1 1/4 Fc0212hP -8-32x1 1/2 Fc0214hP -10-24x3/8 Fc0303hP -10-24x1/2 Fc0304hP Fc0304hP-1010-24x5/8 Fc0305hP Fc0305hP-1010-24x3/4 Fc0306hP Fc0306hP-1010-24x7/8 Fc0307hP Fc0307hP-1010-24x1 Fc0310hP Fc0310hP-1010-24x1 1/4 Fc0312hP Fc0312hP-1010-24x1 1/2 Fc0314hP Fc0314hP-1010-24x1 3/4 Fc0316hP -10-24x2 Fc0320hP -10-24x2 1/2 Fc0324hP -10-24x3 Fc0330hP -10-24x3 1/2 Fc0334hP -10-24x4 Fc0340hP -1/4-20x1/2 Fc0404hP Fc0404hP-101/4-20x5/8 Fc0405hP Fc0405hP-10 Fc0406hP Fc0406hP-10

1/4-20x7/8 Fc0407hP Fc0407hP-101/4-20x1 Fc0410hP Fc0410hP-101/4-20x1 1/4 Fc0412hP Fc0412hP-101/4-20x1 1/2 Fc0414hP Fc0414hP-101/4-20x1 3/4 Fc0416hP Fc0416hP-101/4-20x2 Fc0420hP Fc0420hP-101/4-20x2 1/4 Fc0422hP Fc0422hP-101/4-20x2 1/2 Fc0424hP Fc0424hP-101/4-20x3 Fc0430hP -1/4-20x3 1/2 Fc0434hP -1/4-20x4 Fc0440hP -1/4-20x4 1/2 Fc0444hP -1/4-20x5 Fc0450hP -5/16-18x1/2 Fc0504hP Fc0504hP-105/16-18x5/8 Fc0505hP Fc0505hP-105/16-18x3/4 Fc0506hP Fc0506hP-105/16-18x7/8 Fc0507hP Fc0507hP-105/16-18x1 Fc0510hP Fc0510hP-105/16-18x1 1/4 Fc0512hP Fc0512hP-105/16-18x1 1/2 Fc0514hP Fc0514hP-105/16-18x1 3/4 Fc0516hP Fc0516hP-105/16-18x2 Fc0520hP Fc0520hP-105/16-18x2 1/4 Fc0522hP Fc0522hP-105/16-18x2 1/2 Fc0524hP Fc0524hP-105/16-18x3 Fc0530hP -5/16-18x3 1/2 Fc0534hP -5/16-18x4 Fc0540hP -3/8-16x3/4 Fc0606hP Fc0606hP-103/8-16x1 Fc0610hP Fc0610hP-103/8-16x1 1/4 Fc0612hP Fc0612hP-103/8-16x1 1/2 Fc0614hP Fc0614hP-103/8-16x1 3/4 Fc0616hP Fc0616hP-103/8-16x2 Fc0620hP Fc0620hP-103/8-16x2 1/4 Fc0622hP Fc0622hP-103/8-16x2 1/2 Fc0624hP Fc0624hP-103/8-16x2 3/4 Fc0626hP -3/8-16x3 Fc0630hP -3/8-16x3 1/2 Fc0634hP -3/8-16x4 Fc0640hP -3/8-16x4 1/2 Fc0644hP -3/8-16x5 Fc0650hP -1/2-13x3/4 Fc0806hP -1/2-13x1 Fc0810hP -1/2-13x1 1/4 Fc0812hP -1/2-13x1 1/2 Fc0814hP -1/2-13x2 Fc0820hP -1/2-13x2 1/2 Fc0824hP -1/2-13x3 Fc0830hP -1/2-13x3 1/2 Fc0834hP -

1/2-13x4 Fc0840hP -1/2-13x4 1/2 Fc0844hP -1/2-13x5 Fc0850hP -1/2-13x6 Fc0860hP -

Fine thread10-32x3/8 FF0303hP -10-32x1/2 FF0304hP FF0304hP-1010-32x5/8 FF0305hP FF0305hP-1010-32x3/4 FF0306hP FF0306hP-1010-32x7/8 FF0307hP FF0307hP-1010-32x1 FF0310hP FF0310hP-1010-32x1 1/4 FF0312hP FF0312hP-1010-32x1 1/2 FF0314hP FF0314hP-1010-32x1 3/4 FF0316hP -10-32x2 FF0320hP -10-32x2 1/2 FF0324hP -10-32x3 FF0330hP -10-32x3 1/2 FF0334hP -10-32x4 FF0340hP -1/4-28x1/2 FF0404hP FF0404hP-101/4-28x5/8 FF0405hP FF0405hP-101/4-28x3/4 FF0406hP FF0406hP-101/4-28x1 FF0410hP FF0410hP-101/4-28x1 1/4 FF0412hP FF0412hP-101/4-28x1 1/2 FF0414hP FF0414hP-101/4-28x2 FF0420hP -1/4-28x2 1/2 FF0424hP -1/4-28x3 FF0430hP -1/4-28x3 1/2 FF0434hP -1/4-28x4 FF0440hP -5/16-24x1/2 FF0504hP FF0504hP-105/16-24x3/4 FF0506hP FF0506hP-105/16-24x1 FF0510hP FF0510hP-105/16-24x1 1/4 FF0512hP FF0512hP-105/16-24x1 1/2 FF0514hP FF0514hP-105/16-24x2 FF0520hP -5/16-24x2 1/2 FF0524hP -5/16-24x3 FF0530hP -5/16-24x3 1/2 FF0534hP -5/16-24x4 FF0540hP -3/8-24x3/4 FF0606hP FF0606hP-103/8-24x1 FF0610hP FF0610hP-103/8-24x1 1/4 FF0612hP FF0612hP-103/8-24x1 1/2 FF0614hP FF0614hP-103/8-24x2 FF0620hP -3/8-24x2 1/2 FF0624hP -3/8-24x3 FF0630hP -3/8-24x3 1/2 FF0634hP -3/8-24x4 FF0640hP -

Measure like this to calculate proper length

The quantity of fasteners included in Refill Packs is the last number in the part number. Examples: HC0610HP-10 Includes 10 pieces

All Part Numbers in Magenta are NeW items DiamonD EnginEEring PhonE: 386-677-9093 Fax: 386-677-2384 Email : inFo@DEPss.com

16

HeX CaPSCoarse thread

Size IndividualPart #refill Pack

Part #1/4-20x1/2 hc0404hP hc0404hP-101/4-20x5/8 hc0405hP hc0405hP-101/4-20x3/4 hc0406hP hc0406hP-101/4-20x7/8 hc0407hP hc0407hP-101/4-20x1 hc0410hP hc0410hP-101/4-20x1 1/4 hc0412hP hc0412hP-101/4-20x1 1/2 hc0414hP hc0414hP-101/4-20x1 3/4 hc0416hP hc0416hP-101/4-20x2 hc0420hP hc0420hP-101/4-20x2 1/4 hc0422hP hc0422hP-101/4-20x2 1/2 hc0424hP hc0424hP-101/4-20x2 3/4 hc0426hP hc0426hP-51/4-20x3 hc0430hP hc0430hP-51/4-20x3 1/4 hc0432hP hc0432hP-51/4-20x3 1/2 hc0434hP hc0434hP-51/4-20x3 3/4 hc0436hP hc0436hP-51/4-20x4 hc0440hP hc0440hP-51/4-20x4 1/2 hc0444hP -1/4-20x5 hc0450hP -1/4-20x5 1/2 hc0454hP -1/4-20x6 hc0460hP -1/4-20x6 1/2 hc0464hP -1/4-20x7 hc0470hP -1/4-20x8 hc0480hP -1/4-20x9 hc0490hP -5/16-18x1/2 hc0504hP hc0504hP-105/16-18x5/8 hc0505hP hc0505hP-105/16-18x3/4 hc0506hP hc0506hP-105/16-18x7/8 hc0507hP hc0507hP-105/16-18x1 hc0510hP hc0510hP-105/16-18x1 1/4 hc0512hP hc0512hP-105/16-18x1 1/2 hc0514hP hc0514hP-105/16-18x1 3/4 hc0516hP hc0516hP-105/16-18x2 hc0520hP hc0520hP-105/16-18x2 1/4 hc0522hP hc0522hP-105/16-18x2 1/2 hc0524hP hc0524hP-105/16-18x2 3/4 hc0526hP hc0526hP-55/16-18x3 hc0530hP hc0530hP-55/16-18x3 1/4 hc0532hP hc0532hP-5

5/16-18x3 1/2 hc0534hP hc0534hP-55/16-18x3 3/4 hc0536hP hc0536hP-55/16-18x4 hc0540hP hc0540hP-55/16-18x4 1/2 hc0544hP -5/16-18x5 hc0550hP -5/16-18x5 1/2 hc0554hP -5/16-18x6 hc0560hP -5/16-18x6 1/2 hc0564hP -5/16-18x7 hc0570hP -5/16-18x7 1/2 hc0574hP -5/16-18x8 hc0580hP -5/16-18x8 1/2 hc0584hP -5/16-18x9 hc0590hP -5/16-18x9 1/2 hc0594hP -3/8-16x1/2 hc0604hP hc0604hP-103/8-16x5/8 hc0605hP hc0605hP-103/8-16x3/4 hc0606hP hc0606hP-103/8-16x7/8 hc0607hP hc0607hP-103/8-16x1 hc0610hP hc0610hP-103/8-16x1 1/4 hc0612hP hc0612hP-103/8-16x1 1/2 hc0614hP hc0614hP-103/8-16x1 3/4 hc0616hP hc0616hP-103/8-16x2 hc0620hP hc0620hP-103/8-16x2 1/4 hc0622hP hc0622hP-103/8-16x2 1/2 hc0624hP hc0624hP-103/8-16x2 3/4 hc0626hP hc0626hP-53/8-16x3 hc0630hP hc0630hP-53/8 16x3 1/4 hc0632hP hc0632hP-53/8-16x3 1/2 hc0634hP hc0634hP-53/8-16x3 3/4 hc0636hP hc0636hP-53/8-16x4 hc0640hP hc0640hP-53/8-16x4 1/2 hc0644hP -3/8-16x5 hc0650hP -3/8-16x5 1/2 hc0654hP -3/8-16x6 hc0660hP -3/8-16x6 1/2 hc0664hP -3/8-16x7 hc0670hP -3/8-16x7 1/2 hc0674hP -3/8-16x8 hc0680hP -3/8-16x8 1/2 hc0684hP -3/8-16x9 hc0690hP -3/8-16x9/12 hc0694hP -7/16-14x3/4 hc0706hP hc0706hP-57/16-14x1 hc0710hP hc0710hP-57/16-14x1 1/4 hc0712hP hc0712hP-57/16-14x1 1/2 hc0714hP hc0714hP-57/16-14x1 3/4 hc0716hP hc0716hP-57/16-14x2 hc0720hP hc0720hP-57/16-14x2 1/4 hc0722hP hc0722hP-5

7/16-14x2 1/2 hc0724hP hc0724hP-57/16-14x2 3/4 hc0726hP hc0726hP-57/16-14x3 hc0730hP hc0730hP-57/16-14x3 1/2 hc0734hP hc0734hP-57/16-14x4 hc0740hP -7/16-14x4 1/2 hc0744hP -7/16-14x5 hc0750hP -7/16-14x5 1/2 hc0754hP -7/16-14x6 hc0760hP -1/2-13x1/2 hc0804hP -1/2-13x3/4 hc0806hP hc0806hP-51/2-13x1 hc0810hP hc0810hP-51/2-13x1 1/4 hc0812hP hc0812hP-51/2-13x1 1/2 hc0814hP hc0814hP-51/2-13x1 3/4 hc0816hP hc0816hP-51/2-13x2 hc0820hP hc0820hP-51/2-13x2 1/4 hc0822hP hc0822hP-51/2-13x2 1/2 hc0824hP hc0824hP-51/2-13x2 3/4 hc0826hP hc0826hP-51/2-13x3 hc0830hP hc0830hP-51/2-13x3 1/4 hc0832hP hc0832hP-51/2-13x3 1/2 hc0834hP hc0834hP-51/2-13x3 3/4 hc0836hP -1/2-13x4 hc0840hP -1/2-13x4 1/2 hc0844hP -1/2-13x5 hc0850hP -1/2-13x5 1/2 hc0854hP -1/2-13x6 hc0860hP -1/2-13x6 1/2 hc0864hP -1/2-13x7 hc0870hP -1/2-13x7 1/2 hc0874hP -1/2-13x8 hc0880hP -1/2-13x8 1/2 hc0884hP -1/2-13x9 hc0890hP -1/2-13x9 1/2 hc0894hP -1/2-13x10 hc0800xhP -1/2-13x10 1/2 hc0804xhP -1/2-13x11 hc0810xhP -9/16-12x1 hc0910hP -9/16-12x1 1/4 hc0912hP -9/16-12x1 1/2 hc0914hP -9/16-12x1 3/4 hc0916hP -9/16-12x2 hc0920hP -9/16-12x2 1/2 hc0924hP -9/16-12x3 hc0930hP -9/16-12x3 1/2 hc0934hP -9/16-12x4 hc0940hP -9/16-12x4 1/2 hc0944hP -9/16-12x5 hc0950hP -

Measure like this to calculate proper length

The quantity of fasteners included in Refill Packs is the last number in the part number. Examples: HC0610HP-10 Includes 10 pieces

All Applications and Part Numbers in Magenta are NeW items DiamonD EnginEEring PhonE: 386-677-9093 Fax: 386-677-2384 Email : inFo@DEPss.com

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5/8-11x1 hc1010hP -5/8-11x1 1/4 hc1012hP -5/8-11x1 1/2 hc1014hP -5/8-11x1 3/4 hc1016hP -5/8-11x2 hc1020hP -5/8-11x2 1/4 hc1022hP -5/8-11x2 1/2 hc1024hP -5/8-11x2 3/4 hc1026hP -5/8-11x3 hc1030hP -5/8-11x3 1/2 hc1034hP -5/8-11x4 hc1040hP -5/8-11x4 1/2 hc1044hP -5/8-11x5 hc1050hP -5/8-11x5 1/2 hc1054hP -5/8-11x6 hc1060hP -3/4-10x1 hc1210hP -3/4-10x1 1/4 hc1212hP -3/4-10x1 1/2 hc1214hP -3/4-