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© 2007 IBM Corporation IBM Printing Systems IBM OUTPUT ENVIRONMENT XDU 2007 March 07 o Debugging AFP Tricks of the AFP Masters Xplor Document University Howard Turetzky Printing Systems Advanced Technical Support [email protected]
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Page 1: Debugging AFP Tricks of the AFP Masters - OutputLinksoutputlinks.com/uploads/ibm_afp_debug.pdf · Debugging AFP Tricks of the AFP Masters Xplor Document University ... AFP dump (AIX,

© 2007 IBM CorporationIBM Printing Systems

IBM OUTPUT ENVIRONMENTXDU 2007 March 07

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Debugging AFP Tricks of the AFP Masters

Xplor Document UniversityHoward TuretzkyPrinting Systems Advanced Technical [email protected]

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OUTPUT SOLUTIONS FOR AN ON DEMAND WORLD

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Debugging is a Process, Not a Tool

Printing errors are expensive! Quick diagnosis and correction of errors reduces cost

You will learn the process of identifying andcorrecting print file problems that IBM uses

You will use the tools that we use to diagnose andfix errors

You will see the documentation we reference tounderstand AFP Architecture

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Get the Evidence

You can’t solve printing problems without informationGathering Problem Information

What are the symptoms?• Not printing• Printing incorrectly

– wrong font, missing images, wrong orientation, missing text…• Printing too slowly: printer clutches

Prove It!! Collect the evidence• Incorrect output

– Also sample of correct output (you can’t tell what’s wrong if you don’t knowwhat’s right)

• Error messages and logs

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Getting Your Hands Dirty

If the problem and the solution are not obvious, then you willneed to examine the data and test it yourself1. Get the input file

– You may also need to know the file characteristics (record format, recordlength, carriage control type…)

2. Get the resources– You will need all the resources the job actually used– You may need to know the resource directory hierarchy to locate the

resources actually used– Eg., did it use the 240- or 300-pel resources or which copy of FORMDEF F1XXX

was really used

3. Get any job submission commands– Print JCL, pdpr command, ACIF parameters…

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What Really Happened?

Users don’t always know exactly how their jobsprint, so Trust, but Verify

Now try to recreate the problem If you can’t reproduce the error you will have a hard time fixing

it You may need to have the user rerun it in his own

environment

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Problem Analysis

Now that you have verified that a problem exists, you needto narrow down the possibilities Were there error messages?

• Messages usually print at the end of the job– If not, check any message logs– /var/pd/servername/error.log for Infoprint Manager– PSF SYSOUT and console for z/OS

• Look up the message. It may contain the explanation!• pdmsg msgnum• PSF or ACIF messages books•

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Lab Exercise: Infoprint Manager Message Facility Click on the Management Console icon on the task bar, or from the

Start menu select IBM Infoprint Manager->Management Console On the Management Console menu, select Help->Message Help… On the Message Number pulldown, select 0420, then type 684 in

the box after the dash, and press OK.

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Lab Exercise: Infoprint Manager Message Facility

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The message text gives the cause of the problem:

and the solution

The font was a 240-pel font trying to print to a 300-pelprinter. Either change the printer’s resolution or use a300-pel font.

Problem Analysis

The font pattern resolution in bytes 24-27 of an FontControl (FNC) structured field must match the font patternresolution of the actual destination. This font characterset cannot be used on this actual destination.

Either change the font pattern resolution so that itmatches the actual destination's resolution or send theprint job to an actual destination that supports thecharacter set specified in the structured field.

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Message Example

We have either the wrong data or the wrong PAGEDEF Look at the data for line 35, which will begin with ‘4’ The PAGEDEF or the DATA Map has no channel 4 Ask the user to verify that the correct PAGEDEF was used to print the job

PSF tells you:

APS346I DATA IN AN INPUT RECORD OR PAGEDEF RESOURCE IS NOT VALID:A SKIP TO A NONEXISTENT CHANNEL = 4 ON RECORD NUMBER =35 WAS DETECTED WITHIN THE LND STRUCTURED FIELDS.OUTPUT WAS FORCED TO SINGLE SPACING, WHICH MAY CAUSE BLANKPAGES.

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Fixing Broken Print Jobs What kinds of errors can you fix?

If you need to print the job, right or wrong, you can repair many kinds of errors Missing resources

Identify all the missing resource If you can’t get them from the customer, substitute: Page Segments and Overlays

– Copy an existing resource and rename it with the name of the missing file» Make test segments/overlays» a square empty box to show position» blank to see what prints

• Fonts– Copy and rename an existing font– Look in the MCF and PTX (or the PAGEDEF’s MCF and Field) to see what context the font is

in, then try to substitute one about the same size and type» fixed-pitch for billing lines, for example, or typographic for paragraphs

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Lab Exercise: Creating Substitute Resources On the Start menu, select Programs->Accessories->Paint Open the file {C:\AFP_Debug_lab\palm tree.gif}

Select Print from the File menu, then IBM AFP 300 Select the Advanced tab Select Output Type: Page Segment Select Image Options: Properties, check Color Options Black/White Push Print use the file name

{C:\AFP_Debug_lab\S1PALM.psg}

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Handling AFP Errors

Datastream errors In resources, substitute the resource In the print file:

• Some errors can be fixed by hand-editing or writing a small program• Use a tool like the AFP Analyzer to identify the error• Use a hex editor to change the bytes

It’s not worth the effort to fix complex errors eg., you can fix a bad dimension in an OBD or OBP, but you can’t fix a bad

image raster pattern

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Lab Exercise: AFP Analyzer and AFPDMP

In C:\AFP_Debug_lab, enter the command:afpdmp ansicc.afp

You can use the –d parameter to get more detail:afpdmp –d ansicc.afp

In C: \AFP_Debug_lab, enter the command:runafpan ansicc.afp ansicc.lst /LOG

then enter:notepad ansicc.lst

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Analyzing AFP Two programs to make it easier to read AFP:

AFP dump (AIX, DOS/old Windows, new Windows version)• Structured field names,• Some values decoded• Schematic view of file

...1 NOP (No Operation) SFI 0033 D3EEEE 000001

...2 BDT (Begin Document) NAME AFPANLYZ SFI 0018 D3A8A8 000002

...3 - BPG (Begin Page) NAME i SFI 0015 D3A8AF 000001

...4 - - BAG (Begin Active Environ Group) NAME i SFI 0010 D3A8C9 000001

...5 - - - MCF1 (Map Coded Font 1) SFI 0044 D3B18A 000001

...6 - - - PGD (Page Descriptor) SFI 0016 D3A6AF 000002

...7 - - - CTC (Composed-Text Control) SFI 0012 D3A79B 000003

...8 - - - PTD1 (Presentation Text Descrip) SFI 0014 D3A69B 000004

...9 - - EAG (End Active Environ Group) NAME i SFI 0010 D3A9C9 000001

..10 - - BCT (Begin Composed-Text Block) NAME (blanks) SFI 0010 D3A89B 000002

..11 - - - PTX (Presentation Text Data) SFI 0111 D3EE9B 000001

..12 - - ECT (End Composed-Text Block) NAME (blanks) SFI 0010 D3A99B 000002

..13 - EPG (End Page) NAME i SFI 0010 D3A9AF 000001

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Analyzing AFPAFP Analyzer

(MVS,VM, Windows, AIX)• Decodes everything• Large output

1:NOP:SCRIPT/VS 4.0.0: DEVICE PG1A CHARS X0N2200E2: BEGIN DOCUMENT :AFPANLYZ Coded Graphic Character SetGlobal Id: GCSGID 65535 CPGID 37 3: BEGIN PAGE :i Fully Qualified Name: ReplaceFirst GID Name: i (Hex) 89 4: BEGIN ACTIVE ENVIRONMENT GROUP :i 5:MCF:FONT_ID CODED_FONT CODE_PAGE CHAR_SET ROT 3 T1000395 C1H20000 2 T1000395 C1H400F0 6:PGD: X Units 2400 Y Units 2400 X Size 2040 Y Size2640 Page Size: 8.50 11.00 7:CTC:(CONSTANT):00000000000000002D00 8:PTD: X,Y Unit Base 10 in X,Y Units/Base: 2400 2400X,Y Text Block Size: 2,040 2,640 9: END ACTIVE ENVIRONMENT GROUP :i (Bytes: 166) 10: BEGIN PRESENTATION TEXT BLOCK : 11:PTX: (escape) STO: 000/090 AMB: 473 AMI: 240 SVI: 15

RMI: 622 SCFL: 2(T1000395 C1H400F0) TRN:( 35)>AFPANLYZ: Structured Field Analyser< AMB: 700 AMI: 240 SVI: 9 RMI: 1138 SCFL: 3(T1000395 C1H20000) TRN:( 27)>Document Number Version 9.0< AMB: 805 AMI: 240 RMI: 1393 TRN:( 14)>April 18, 2002< AMB: 936 AMI: 240 RMI: 1009 TRN:( 37)>Howard Turetzky, IBM Printing Systems< AMB: 1041 AMI: 240 RMI: 1163 TRN:( 26)>Boulder Programming Center< AMB: 1076 AMI: 240 RMI: 1274 TRN:( 18)>[email protected]< (unchained) NOP:( 0)>< 12: END PRESENTATION TEXT BLOCK : (Bytes: 308) 13: END PAGE :i (Bytes: 513)

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Off-page and Invalid Character Errors Off-page condition is when anything is printed outside of the

printable area (as defined by the PGD XpgSize/YpgSize) Invalid characters are code points not defined in the current code

page for the font Most common is x’00’ This can be fixed by a code page that maps x’00’ to space

These errors can be masked (blocked) by the print server DATACK=BLOCK or DATACK=BLKPOS or DATACK=BLKCHAR Printer still does automatic recovery, which takes time if there are many errors

Many printers will indicate off-page errors with a PEM (Printer ErrorMark) Usually a black mark near the point that ran off the page Some use lines from the error point to the boundary (“star wars vectors”) A few will substitute a character such as ‘?’ for invalid characters

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Lab Exercise: Invalid Characters

On the Start Menu, select Programs->AFPWorkbench for Windows->IBM AFPWorkbench Viewer

In the Open File Name box, type or navigatetoC: \AFP_Debug_lab \ansicc.afp

Click on the zoom icon in the toolbaror View->Zoom or Ctrl+Z, select 150%

On the Options menu, select Preferences,then set the Default Character to ‘?’ (Viewer 2.02 displays the Unicode invalid

character--narrow box)

Don’t see the palm tree? Options->Preferences->More Add path C: \AFP_Debug_lab; to Resources

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How Errors are Detected Different components of the print system detect different types of errors

AFP errors are found by PSF, Infoprint Manager or ACIF Syntax errors:

• Badly-formed structured fields• Missing records: Begin/End

Missing resources Some parameter errors

• Missing or invalid triplets in Map repeating groups• Length errors, invalid or out-of-range logical units• Most FORMDEF problems

Line data and PAGEDEF errors are only detected by PSF or ACIF Missing or invalid carriage controls Wrong-length record

“0425-nnn DATA IN AN INPUT RECORD OR RESOURCE IS NOT VALID:…”

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0425-415 cpgid=5000425-415 cc=yes0425-415 cctype=a0425-415 chars=GT10,GB10,GI12,LR120425-415 fileformat=record0425-415 formdef=F1A101100425-415 indexobj=none0425-415 inputdd=ansicc.host0425-415 mcf2ref=cf0425-415 outputdd=ansicc.afp0425-415 pagedef=P1STD10425-415 trc=yes0425-415 restype=none0425-415 userlib=.0425-346 DATA IN AN INPUT RECORD OR PAGEDEF RESOURCE IS INVALID: A SKIP TO A NONEXISTENT CHANNEL = 'F3'X ON RECORD NUMBER = 51 WAS DETECTED WITHIN THE LND STRUCTURED FIELDS. OUTPUT WAS FORCED TO SINGLE SPACING, WHICH MAY CAUSE BLANK PAGES.

0425-346 DATA IN AN INPUT RECORD OR PAGEDEF RESOURCE IS INVALID: A SKIP TO A NONEXISTENT CHANNEL = 'F2'X ON RECORD NUMBER = 79 WAS DETECTED WITHIN THE LND STRUCTURED FIELDS. OUTPUT WAS FORCED TO SINGLE SPACING, WHICH MAY CAUSE BLANK PAGES.

0425-105 THE ERROR REPORTED ABOVE OCCURRED IN LOGICAL RECORD NUMBER 51, WHOSE SEQUENCE NUMBER IS NOT AVAILABLE, AND RESOURCE NAME IS UNKNOWN.0425-441 ACIF AT PQ71172 HAS COMPLETED ABNORMALLY WITH RETURN CODE 4.

Optional Lab Exercise: Using ACIF to Find Errors Open a command window cd C:\AFP_Debug_lab Run ACIF:

acif parmdd=acif.parm

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ACIF on z/OS//APKSMAIN EXEC PGM=APKACIF,REGION=0M//INPUT DD DSN=HOWARDT.SPF.DATA(ANSICC),DISP=SHR//SYSIN DD * CC = YES /* carriage control used */ CCTYPE = A /* CARRIAGE CONTROL TYPE */ CPGID = 500 /* code page identifier */ chars=GT10,GB10,GI12,LR12 FDEFLIB= SYS1.FDEFLIB FONTLIB= FONTS.FONTLIBB,FONTS.FONTLIBB.EXTRA FORMDEF = F1a10110 /* FORMDEF NAME */ INPUTDD= INPUT /* input file ddname */ INDEXOBJ = NONE mcf2ref=cf OUTPUTDD = OUTPUT /* output file ddname */ OVLYLIB= SYS1.OVERLIB PAGEDEF = P1STD1 /* PAGEDEF NAME */ RESFILE = seq /* resource file PDS or SEQuential */ RESOBJDD = RESLIB /* resource file ddname */ RESTYPE = all /* RESOURCE SELECTION */ USERLIB = HOWARDT.APK.PPFALIB

/*

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ACIF on z/OS

//OUTPUT DD DSN=HOWARDT.REVTST.OUTPUT,// DISP=(NEW,CATLG),// SPACE=(32760,(5200,1500),RLSE),UNIT=SYSDA,// DCB=(LRECL=32756,BLKSIZE=32760,RECFM=VBM,DSORG=PS)//INDEX DD DSN=HOWARDT.REVTST.INDEX,DISP=(NEW,CATLG),// SPACE=(32760,(150,150),RLSE),UNIT=SYSDA,// DCB=(LRECL=32756,BLKSIZE=32760,RECFM=VB,DSORG=PS)//RESLIB DD DSN=HOWARDT.REVTST.RESLIB,DISP=(NEW,CATLG),// SPACE=(32760,(15,15),RLSE),UNIT=SYSDA,// DCB=(LRECL=32756,BLKSIZE=32760,RECFM=VBM,DSORG=PS)//SYSPRINT DD SYSOUT=*

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Debugging With ACIF ACIF: AFP Conversion and Indexing Facility

Used to convert line data for Infoprint Manager Collects resources used in a job so print file and resources can be sent or

stored together ACIF uses the same code as PSF/zOS to validate AFP and to convert to line

data Can detect the same errors as PSF

For debugging, ACIF is useful to convert line data to AFP to helpsolve problems Find why data prints on the wrong page Explain objects not positioned correctly See where fields were mapped by the PAGEDEF Show how barcodes were created and positioned Identify missing resources Count pages

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What the Server Doesn’t Know

Print servers cannot detect most content errors Off-page conditions Invalid text, graphics or image commands Most font details Print servers do not examine print data because of performance and

complexity Contents of PTX, IPD, IRD, GAD, BDA mostly sent to the printer

unchanged

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What the Printer Knows

As the printer builds an image of the page in memory, itdetects any problems with data content Off-page, invalid character, all font metric problems Invalid text controls, GOCA drawing orders, IOCA SDFs

Each error (exception) is reported back to the print server Exceptions are sent from the printer to the server in a NACK (negative

acknowledgement) Can be synchronous (in response to a command) or asynchronous The print server uses this information to control recovery

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How to Make Sense of Sense DataIPDS error-code registry for printers(310) Hardware sense data (link level)

24 bytes of error or situation information Device specific Action codes: X’00’, X’02’-X’04’, X’07’, X’0B’, X’0F’-X’14’, X’18’, X’1C’, X’24’, X’25’, X’4D’ Look in IPDS Technical Reference for a specific printer

(553) IPDS Negative Acknowledgements Look in IPDS Reference Some hardware sense data is converted into a NACK by host software

(176) Special object-error codes (PostScript, PDF,TrueType)

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Layout of an IPDS NACK

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Places to Look (a peek into Dave’s office)www.printers.ibm.com/manuals IPDS Reference

Error code registry How the printer/host connection is supposed to work Sense Type & Model, Obtain Printer Characteristics

IPDS Technical References (AFCCU, non-AFCCU, hardware publications)

Printer Information Manual Software books

MO:DCA Architecture books Programming and Line Data Reference Product and messages manuals

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Other Tools Debugging Tools

Traces: PSF and Infoprint Manager can trace data and actions

• Useful for Service to diagnose problems with the software• Not so useful for print datastream errors

Printer traces• Only useful for printer problems or severe performance problems• Will be directed by Service and CE• Not helpful for print datastream errors

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The Real Debugging Secrets

Analysis and experience are the main tools we use With much reading of manuals Using the tools we’ve seen Changing and fixing what we can Then testing until it works

…and when all else fails, call m

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Questions?


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