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e White House Visitor Center, ca 1898

ipino diplomats and leaders in Paris, 1898. SEATED, from left: F. de Almores, Felipe

oncillo, Pedro Roxas, and Antonino Vergel de Dios. STANDING, from left: B.

lanueva, Antonio Roxas, E. Brias, and P.A. Roxas.

Agoncillo (LEFT) and

Felix Roxas (RIGHT)

went to Paris and tried

to represent the

Filipinos in the

negotiations, but they

were excluded from the

sessions as Aguinaldo's

declaration of Philippine

independence on June

12, 1898 was not

recognized by the family

of nations.

e snub irked Filipino leaders, whose troops effectively controlled the entire

chipelago except Muslim areas in Mindanao and the capital city of Manila.

2006

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nsion and ill feelings were growing between American and Filipino troops in Manila

d the suburbs. In addition to Manila, Iloilo, the main port on the island of Panay, also

as a pressure point. The Revolutionary Government of the Visayas was proclaimedere on Nov. 17, 1898, and an American force stood poised to capture the city. Upon

e announcement of the treaty, the radicals, Apolinario Mabini and General Antonio

na, prepared for war, and provisional articles were added to the constitution giving

esident Aguinaldo dictatorial powers in times of emergency.

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ue of Nov. 22, 1898

ue of Dec. 3, 1898

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c. 10, 1898: Last joint session of the Treaty of Paris. Attendees (LEFT to RIGHT) are:

nator William Frye, John Moore (Secretary), Senator George Gray, Senator Cushman

vis, Judge William Day, Whitelaw Reid, General Rafael Cerero, Wenceslao Ramirez de

la-Urrutia, Jose de Garnica, Buenaventura de Abarzuza, Eugenio Montero Rios, Arthur

rguson (interpreter), and Emilio de Ojeda.

n December 10 the Treaty of Paris was signed, thus ending the Spanish-American

ar. Spain ceded the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico (Cuba was granted its

dependence); in return, the US paid Spain the sum of US$20 million for the

ilippines.(The Philippine-American War, which broke out two months later, cost the

ited States $200 million).

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