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Decapoda

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other meanings ofdecapod, seeDecapod (disambiguation).

DecapodaTemporal range: DevonianRecent

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"Decapoda" fromErnst Haeckel's

Kunstformen der Natur, 1904

Scientific classification

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Crustacea

Class: Malacostraca

Superorder: Eucarida

Order:DecapodaLatreille, 1802

Suborders

Dendrobranchiata

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapod_%28disambiguation%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapod_%28disambiguation%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapod_%28disambiguation%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambrianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambrianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambrianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambrianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordovicianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordovicianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silurianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silurianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devonianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devonianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboniferoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboniferoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triassichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triassichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretaceoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretaceoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleogenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleogenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neogenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neogenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Haeckelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Haeckelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Haeckelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunstformen_der_Naturhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunstformen_der_Naturhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustaceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustaceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacostracahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacostracahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucaridahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucaridahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Haeckel_Decapoda.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucaridahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacostracahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustaceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunstformen_der_Naturhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Haeckelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neogenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleogenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretaceoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triassichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboniferoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devonianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silurianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordovicianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambrianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambrianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapod_%28disambiguation%29

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Pleocyemata

See text for superfamilies.

The decapods orDecapoda (literally "ten-footed") are an order ofcrustaceanswithin the

classMalacostraca, including many familiar groups, such ascrayfish,crabs,lobsters,prawns

andshrimp. Most decapods arescavengers. It is estimated that the order contains nearly15,000 species in around 2,700 genera, with approximately 3,300 fossil species.[1]Nearly half

of these species are crabs, with the shrimp (c.3000 species) andAnomura(includinghermit

crabs,porcelain crabs,squat lobsters: c.2500 species), making up the bulk of the

remainder.[1]The earliestfossildecapod is theDevonianPalaeopalaemon.[2]

Contents

[hide]

1 Anatomy 2 Classification 3 See also 4 References 5 External links

[edit] Anatomy

Main article:Decapod anatomy

As the name Decapoda (from theGreek,deca-, "ten", and/ ,-pod, "foot")

implies, all decapods have ten legs. These are in the form of five pairs of thoracic appendages

on the last five thoracic segments. The front three pairs function as mouthparts and are

generally referred to asmaxillipeds; the remainder arepereiopods. In many decapods,

however, one pair of legs has enlarged pincers; theclawsare called chelae, so those legs may

be called chelipeds. Further appendages are found on the abdomen, with each segment

capable of carrying a pair of biramouspleopods, the last of which form part of the tail fan

(together with thetelson) and are calleduropods.

[edit] ClassificationClassification within the order Decapoda depends on the structure of thegillsand legs, and

the way in which thelarvaedevelop, giving rise to two suborders:Dendrobranchiataand

Pleocyemata. Dendrobranchiata consists ofprawns, including many species colloquially

referred to as "shrimp", such as the "white shrimp",Litopenaeus setiferus. Pleocyemata

includes the remaining groups, including trueshrimp. Those groups which usually walk

rather than swim (Pleocyemata, excluding Stenopodidea and Caridea) form a clade called

Reptantia.[3]

The following classification to the level of superfamilies follows De Grave et al.[1]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleocyematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleocyematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustaceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustaceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustaceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacostracahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacostracahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacostracahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crayfishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crayfishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crayfishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrimphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrimphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrimphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scavengerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scavengerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scavengerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-Grave-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-Grave-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-Grave-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermit_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermit_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermit_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermit_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porcelain_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porcelain_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porcelain_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squat_lobsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squat_lobsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squat_lobsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-Grave-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-Grave-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-Grave-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devonianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devonianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palaeopalaemon&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palaeopalaemon&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapodahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapodahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapodahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#Anatomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#Anatomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#Classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#Classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decapoda&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decapoda&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapod_anatomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapod_anatomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapod_anatomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B4%CE%AD%CE%BA%CE%B1http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B4%CE%AD%CE%BA%CE%B1http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B4%CE%AD%CE%BA%CE%B1http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deca-http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deca-http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deca-http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%82http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%82http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%82http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-podhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-podhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-podhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxillipedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxillipedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxillipedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pereiopodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pereiopodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pereiopodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleopodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleopodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleopodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uropodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uropodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uropodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decapoda&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decapoda&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larvahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larvahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larvahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleocyematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleocyematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litopenaeus_setiferushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litopenaeus_setiferushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litopenaeus_setiferushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrimphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrimphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrimphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-Grave-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-Grave-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-Grave-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-Grave-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrimphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litopenaeus_setiferushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleocyematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larvahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decapoda&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uropodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleopodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pereiopodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxillipedhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-podhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%82http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deca-http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B4%CE%AD%CE%BA%CE%B1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapod_anatomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decapoda&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#Classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#Anatomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapodahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palaeopalaemon&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devonianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-Grave-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squat_lobsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porcelain_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermit_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermit_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-Grave-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scavengerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrimphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crayfishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacostracahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustaceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleocyemata

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Whiteleg shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei(Dendrobranchiata:Penaeoidea)

Heterocarpus ensifer(Caridea:Pandaloidea)

Austropotamobius pallipes(Astacidea:Astacoidea)

Upogebia deltaura(Gebiidea:Upogebiidae)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiteleg_shrimphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiteleg_shrimphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penaeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penaeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penaeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterocarpus_ensiferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterocarpus_ensiferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandaloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandaloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandaloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austropotamobius_pallipeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austropotamobius_pallipeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upogebia_deltaurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upogebia_deltaurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebiideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebiideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebiideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upogebiidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upogebiidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upogebiidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upogebiidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebiideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upogebia_deltaurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austropotamobius_pallipeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandaloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterocarpus_ensiferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penaeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiteleg_shrimp

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California spiny lobster,Panulirus interruptus(Achelata:Palinuridae)

Polycheles sculptus(Polychelida:Polychelidae)

Australian land hermit crab,Coenobita variabilis(Anomura:Paguroidea)

Atlantic blue crab,Callinectes sapidus(Brachyura:Portunoidea)

OrderDecapodaLatreille, 1802

SuborderDendrobranchiataBate, 1888o PenaeoideaRafinesque, 1815o SergestoideaDana, 1852

SuborderPleocyemataBurkenroad, 1963o InfraorderStenopodideaBate, 1888o InfraorderCarideaDana, 1852

ProcaridoideaChace & Manning, 1972 GalatheacaridoideaVereshchaka, 1997 PasiphaeoideaDana, 1852 OplophoroideaDana, 1852 AtyoideaDe Haan, 1849 BresilioideaCalman, 1896

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_spiny_lobsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_spiny_lobsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_spiny_lobsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achelatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achelatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achelatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palinuridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palinuridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palinuridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycheles_sculptushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycheles_sculptushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychelidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychelidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychelidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychelidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychelidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychelidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_land_hermit_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_land_hermit_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paguroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paguroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paguroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callinectes_sapidushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callinectes_sapidushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callinectes_sapidushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachyurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachyurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachyurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portunoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portunoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portunoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penaeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penaeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergestoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergestoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleocyematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleocyematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleocyematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenopodideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenopodideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenopodideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procaridoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procaridoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galatheacaridoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galatheacaridoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasiphaeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasiphaeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oplophoroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oplophoroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atyoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atyoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bresilioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bresilioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bresilioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atyoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oplophoroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasiphaeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galatheacaridoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procaridoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenopodideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleocyematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergestoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penaeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portunoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachyurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callinectes_sapidushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paguroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_land_hermit_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychelidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychelidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycheles_sculptushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palinuridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achelatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_spiny_lobster

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NematocarcinoideaSmith, 1884 PsalidopodoideaWood-Mason, 1874 StylodactyloideaBate, 1888 CampylonotoideaSollaud, 1913 PalaemonoideaRafinesque, 1815 AlpheoideaRafinesque, 1815 ProcessoideaOrtmann, 1896 PandaloideaHaworth, 1825 PhysetocaridoideaChace, 1940 CrangonoideaHaworth, 1825

o InfraorderAstacideaLatreille, 1802 Enoplometopoideade Saint Laurent, 1988 NephropoideaDana, 1852 AstacoideaLatreille, 1802 ParastacoideaHuxley, 1879

o InfraorderGlypheideaWinckler, 1882 GlypheoideaWinckler, 1882

o InfraorderAxiideade Saint Laurent, 1979bo InfraorderGebiideade Saint Laurent, 1979o InfraorderAchelataScholtz & Richter, 1995o InfraorderPolychelidaScholtz & Richter, 1995o InfraorderAnomuraMacLeay, 1838

AegloideaDana, 1852 GalatheoideaSamouelle, 1819 HippoideaLatreille, 1825a KiwaoideaMacpherson, Jones & Segonzac, 2005 LithodoideaSamouelle, 1819 LomisoideaBouvier, 1895 PaguroideaLatreille, 1802

o InfraorderBrachyuraLinnaeus, 1758 SectionDromiaceaDe Haan, 1833

DromioideaDe Haan, 1833 HomolodromioideaAlcock, 1900 HomoloideaDe Haan, 1839

SectionRaninoidaDe Haan, 1839 SectionCyclodorippoidaOrtmann, 1892 SectionEubrachyurade Saint Laurent, 1980

SubsectionHeterotremataGuinot, 1977

AethroideaDana, 1851 BellioideaDana, 1852 BythograeoideaWilliams, 1980 CalappoideaDe Haan, 1833 CancroideaLatreille, 1802 CarpilioideaOrtmann, 1893 CheiragonoideaOrtmann, 1893 CorystoideaSamouelle, 1819 DairoideaSerne, 1965 DorippoideaMacLeay, 1838 EriphioideaMacLeay, 1838 GecarcinucoideaRathbun, 1904

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nematocarcinoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nematocarcinoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psalidopodoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psalidopodoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylodactyloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylodactyloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campylonotoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campylonotoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaemonoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaemonoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alpheoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alpheoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandaloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandaloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physetocaridoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physetocaridoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crangonoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crangonoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoplometopoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoplometopoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephropoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephropoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parastacoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parastacoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glypheideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glypheideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glypheideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glypheoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glypheoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebiideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebiideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebiideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achelatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achelatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achelatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychelidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychelidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychelidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galatheoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galatheoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiwaoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiwaoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithodoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithodoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomisoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomisoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paguroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paguroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachyurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachyurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachyurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromiaceahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromiaceahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromiaceahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homolodromioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homolodromioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raninoidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raninoidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raninoidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclodorippoidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclodorippoidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclodorippoidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eubrachyurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eubrachyurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eubrachyurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterotrematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterotrematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterotrematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aethroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aethroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bythograeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bythograeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calappoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calappoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpilioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpilioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheiragonoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheiragonoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corystoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corystoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorippoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorippoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eriphioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eriphioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gecarcinucoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gecarcinucoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gecarcinucoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eriphioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorippoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corystoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheiragonoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpilioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calappoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bythograeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aethroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterotrematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eubrachyurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclodorippoidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raninoidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homolodromioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromiaceahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachyurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paguroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomisoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithodoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiwaoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galatheoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychelidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achelatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebiideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glypheoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glypheideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parastacoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephropoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoplometopoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crangonoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physetocaridoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandaloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alpheoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaemonoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campylonotoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylodactyloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psalidopodoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nematocarcinoidea&action=edit&redlink=1

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GoneplacoideaMacLeay, 1838 HexapodoideaMiers, 1886 LeucosioideaSamouelle, 1819 MajoideaSamouelle, 1819 OrithyioideaDana, 1852c PalicoideaBouvier, 1898 ParthenopoideaMacLeay, PilumnoideaSamouelle, 1819 PortunoideaRafinesque, 1815 PotamoideaOrtmann, 1896 PseudothelphusoideaOrtmann, 1893 PseudozioideaAlcock, 1898 RetroplumoideaGill, 1894 TrapezioideaMiers, 1886 TrichodactyloideaH. Milne-Edwards, 1853 XanthoideaMacLeay, 1838

SubsectionThoracotremataGuinot, 1977 CryptochiroideaPaul'son, 1875 GrapsoideaMacLeay, 1838 OcypodoideaRafinesque, 1815 PinnotheroideaDe Haan, 1833

Phylogeny of Malacostraca

[edit] References

1. ^abcSammy De Grave, N. Dean Pentcheff, Shane T. Ahyong et al. (2009)."Aclassification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans".Raffles Bulletin ofZoologySuppl. 21: 1109.

2. ^Robert P. D. Crean (November 14, 2004)."Order Decapoda: Fossil record andevolution".University of Bristol. Retrieved January 2, 2010.

3. ^G. Scholtz & S. Richter (1995). "Phylogenetic systematics of the reptantianDecapoda (Crustacea, Malacostraca)".Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society113

(3): 289328.doi:10.1006/zjls.1995.0011.

Fossil record and evolution

Origins

The origin of decapods is poorly understood, but a fossil group of crustaceans known as the

Phyllocarida are thought to hold the key. These bear a resemblance to the Decapoda and

Euphausiaceae, with a long abdomen bearing pleopods (although this is not quite as well

developed) and a bivalved carapace covering the thorax. Like decapods, this carapace has aseries of transverse grooves. AlthoughEchinocaris, a Devonian phyllocarid, shows the post-

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goneplacoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goneplacoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexapodoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexapodoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucosioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucosioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orithyioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orithyioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palicoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palicoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenopoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenopoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilumnoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilumnoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portunoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portunoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potamoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potamoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudothelphusoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudothelphusoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudozioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudozioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroplumoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroplumoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapezioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapezioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichodactyloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichodactyloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracotrematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracotrematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracotrematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptochiroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptochiroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapsoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapsoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocypodoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocypodoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinnotheroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinnotheroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogeny_of_Malacostracahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogeny_of_Malacostracahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decapoda&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decapoda&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-Grave_0-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-Grave_0-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-Grave_0-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-Grave_0-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-Grave_0-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-Grave_0-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-Grave_0-2http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdfhttp://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdfhttp://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdfhttp://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffles_Bulletin_of_Zoologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffles_Bulletin_of_Zoologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffles_Bulletin_of_Zoologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffles_Bulletin_of_Zoologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-1http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Decapoda/Fossilrecord.htmlhttp://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Decapoda/Fossilrecord.htmlhttp://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Decapoda/Fossilrecord.htmlhttp://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Decapoda/Fossilrecord.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Bristolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Bristolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Bristolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoological_Journal_of_the_Linnean_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoological_Journal_of_the_Linnean_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoological_Journal_of_the_Linnean_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1006%2Fzjls.1995.0011http://dx.doi.org/10.1006%2Fzjls.1995.0011http://dx.doi.org/10.1006%2Fzjls.1995.0011http://dx.doi.org/10.1006%2Fzjls.1995.0011http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoological_Journal_of_the_Linnean_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Bristolhttp://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Decapoda/Fossilrecord.htmlhttp://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Decapoda/Fossilrecord.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffles_Bulletin_of_Zoologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffles_Bulletin_of_Zoologyhttp://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdfhttp://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-Grave_0-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-Grave_0-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-Grave_0-0http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decapoda&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogeny_of_Malacostracahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinnotheroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocypodoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapsoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptochiroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracotrematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichodactyloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapezioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroplumoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudozioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudothelphusoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potamoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portunoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilumnoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenopoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palicoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orithyioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucosioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexapodoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goneplacoidea

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cervical and cervical grooves, it lacks the branchio-cardiac groove (instead possessing an

anterior groove [v]) and this is thought to indicate that it is more primitive than true

decapods. But it is on its way there!

There is some difficulty in using carapace grooves only.Palaeopemphix was originally

considered to belong to the Decapoda, with three transverse grooves clearly present.However, the carapace was weakly hinged, with a broad reflex in the surface (a doublure),

and this excludes it from the Decapoda, placing it instead within the Phyllocarida. Clearly

more work has to be done on groove identification before relationships among these early

forms can be better understood.

The Earliest Decapod

The earliest

decapod,

Palaeopalaemonfrom the

Devonian of the

USA, lived 100

million years

before the

Mesozoic

radiation of

decapods. It is

known from a

very well

preservedspecimen (seen

in various views,

left) and all the

major carapace

grooves may be

identified. In

addition, it lacks

exopod-bearing

pereiopods and

has five pairs of

pereiopods.

Despite the very

early occurence

of

Palaeopalaemon

, it has rather

advanced

characteristics.

For example, it

has a reptantmacrurous

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condition and,

contradicting

early

hypotheses, the

legs of this

animal aredifferentiated,

some being

chelate, while

others are

achelate.

Trends in Decapod Evolution

Even thoughPalaeopalaemon was a crawler, it

is still thought that the first decapods were

swimmers. For swimmers, the escape

mechanism is a powerful contraction of the

abdomen, which results in a very rapid backward

movement. However, as a more benthic lifestyle

is adopted, the large abdomen (pleon) actually

becomes a hindrance. There is therefore a

reduction and loss of the pleopods, and the

abdomen (while never actually lost) is greatlyreduced and held under the body where it is used

only in reproduction (as in the crabs). For some

time the origin of crabs was unknown, but in the

1930s the missing link,Eocarcinus, showed that

it must lie among the Pemphicidea, an extant

group of lobsters.

Diagram showing the major changes in body shapethrough time, from top to bottom

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When looking at the carapace grooves, many

changes were associated with the increasing

complexity of decapods throughout their

evolution. As the walking legs of decapods

become specialised (or at least differentiated)

with the adaptation towards a benthic mode oflife, the lower surface of the carapace had to

expand. The carapace grooves then crowded

together. As the thoracic somites also adapted to

these changes, the increasing nonfunctional areas

became reduced and this may have led to a

posteriorly directed elongation of the branchio-

cardiac groove. Finally, as the attractor

epimeralis muscle became concentrated into a

smaller space, the anterior and lateral margins of

this groove became reduced or even disappeared

completely.