Dr. Hermann Pengg, EG-X, AUDI AG

Decarbonization of the transport sector

AUDI AG

14% 1% 33% 3%50%

Liquid & gaseous fuels Renewable electricity

Quellen: Eurostat, European Commission, DG Energy and Transport: European Energy and Transport, Trends to 2030Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln – CO2-Regulierung in Europa

KurzstreckeLangstrecke

Electrification alone is not enough to reach

climate goals

2

Fossil fuels Biofuels from crops Audi e-fuelsWaste based Electricity based

› High CO2-Emissions

› Other environmental

and health issues

› Limited arable land

› Food prod. competition

› Low CO2 reduction potential

›CO2-Reduction > 70% Well-to-Wheel

›No competition to food production

›100 % infrastructure compatible

Audi e-fuels

AUDI AG

Lifecycle Analysis (LCA): all emissions

monitored

vehicle

manufacturingexhaust pipe recycling

fuel

production

Currentlegislation

„well-to-wheel“

Source: Audi AG

„cradle to grave“

„tank-to-wheel“„well-to-tank“

5

Who wins the „LCA race“?

AUDI AG I/XX Präsentationstitel Datum

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

0 Jahre

O.O km

GASOLINE

1.0 TFSI

(85KW)

BEV

(85KW)

500km RW

CNG

1.4 g-tron

(81KW)

25

29

49

24

23

100 110 120 130 140 150 160

104

89

56

∑ 153

∑ 141

∑ 105

g CO2-Äq./km

200.00O km

1

3

2

manufactu

ring

Fuel prod

tailpipe

Assumptions:

Compact car (A3)

NEDC

All cars same range

Lifetime 200.000 km

Neglect recycling

Fossil gasoline & CNG / EU electricity mix

6

LCA race with green energy

AUDI AG I/XX Präsentationstitel Datum

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

0 Jahre

O.O km200.00O km

e-gasoline

1.0 TFSI

(85KW)

e-power

(85KW)

500km RW

e-gas

1.4 g-tron

(81KW)

25

29

49

35

20

100 110 120 130 140 150 160

1

∑ 60

∑ 49

∑ 50

g CO2-Äq./km

1

2

1

manufactu

ring

Fuel prod

tailpipe

Assumptions:

Compact car (A3)

NEDC

All cars same range

Lifetime 200.000 km

Neglect recycling

e-gasoline / e-gas / wind energy

7

Green energy – not powertrain - determines CO2

AUDI AG I/XX Präsentationstitel Datum

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

0 Jahre

O.O km200.00O km

e-gasoline

1.0 TFSI

(85KW)

e-power

(85KW)

500km RW

e-gas

1.4 g-tron

(81KW)

25

29

49

35

20

100 110 120 130 140 150 160

1

∑ 60

∑ 49

∑ 50

g CO2-Äq./km

2∑ 153

∑ 141

∑ 105

1

1

AUDI AG

Audi e-

gas®

Audi

gasoline®

Audi e-

diesel®

Examples

AUDI AG

Film: “e-gas in space”

https://www.audi-

mediacenter.com/de/amtv/videos/2424

AUDI AG

A4 Avant g-tron and A5 Sportback g-tron

-80%CO2 emissions (wtw)

AUDI AG

Audi e-gas: minus 80% CO2 !11

CNG filling

station

Customer fills CNG

Mileage check

e-gas

injection

CNG

Verbrauch

SERVICE

Audi e-gas plant

External e-gas producers

A4 g-tron

Burning coal costs 97% less than OEM

penalty

Climate change costs

(Stanford)

Sources: Stanford 2014; EU 43/2009; Peiffer/Assmann; FQD; certificate stock market

16

190

475

0

100

200

300

400

500

OEM Penalty 2020 1)

-97%

PP CO2 certificateMOI Biofuels quota av.

4045

220

€/tonCO2

Climate change costs

(US DOE)

OEM: automotive

MOI: mineral oil producer

PP: power production

Coal / gas PP cost parity

(DE)

1) OEM will have to pay penalty if electrification is too slow („CO2 gap“ by 2020)

Climate goals in transport can be reached,

and …

We need a holistic CO2 assessment: cradle-to-grave lifecycle analysis

Result: Green energy – not powertrain - determines CO2

Electrification of powertrains PLUS e-fuels technologies are necessary to

decrease transport emissions – cars, trucks, ships, planes - by minus 70%

(cradle-to-grave)

Legislation that includes (at least) well-to-wheel approach would help to

promote renewable fuels

Thank you for your attention!

Hermann.Pengg@audi.de