DECC School - CCS - Amazon S3 · DECC School - CCS 11th November ... E.ON, EDF & Rolls-Royce) –...

©2015 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1

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DECC School - CCS

11th November 2015

Den Gammer, Strategy Manager – CCS

Andrew Green, Programme Manager – CCS


The CCS Chain

Compression and

transport to storage sites

1 – 4 km

Storage in deep underground

geological formations

Capture of CO2 from power

stations & major industrial

sources


Capture plants – example post

combustion capture

Sask Power, Canada


Pictures Courtesy of CO2CRC

Cap Rock – impervious to CO2

Aquifer – porous rock layer saturated in brine

The saline store and trapping CO2

CO2 – dense, but buoyant (like oil)


Why do CCS in the UK?

• Large consumption of fossil fuels

• Storage opportunity offshore – away from people

• UK expertise in geological and offshore sectors

• Complements our nuclear and renewables fleets

– security of supply

– provides clean power “on demand” 24/7

• Can be used with biomass feedstocks

– creates “negative emissions”


Multiple applications of CCS

CO2 could be used to recover oil in UKs offshore oil industry (EOR)


Energy Systems Modelling Environment

• Least cost optimisation, policy neutral

• Deployment & utilisation of >250 technologies

• Pathway and supply chain constraints to 2050

• Spatial and temporal resolution sufficient for system

engineering

• Probabilistic treatment of key uncertainties


CCS reduces system costs in several

sectors (£bn ESME v3.1)

-20.0

-10.0

-

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

2030 2040 2050

Transport

Fuel / resources

Power &conversion

Fuel costs are higher, but there is less need for expensive hybrid vehicles, building retrofits, alternative

(intermittent) generation capacity & transmission infrastructure, resulting in net savings which grow over

time

Net saving

~ £13bn

Net saving

~ £20bn

Net saving

~ £32bn


Policy and Regulations

International

• UNFCCC level. Paris COP (December) and 10 O&G Companies call for carbon tax.

• China and US bilateral (four CCUS projects)

• China 13th five year plan, 2030 ”peak” commitment, China Carbon Market starts 2017

• S Korea carbon market started.

• US , Pres Obama and the Clean Power Plan

UK

• Policy Scoping Document Aug 2014

• Working towards CfD for CCS

• Promoting Phase 1, Phase 2 CCS concepts

• Continuing support for selected Phase 2 projects – e.g. Caledonia Clean Energy

• Engagement with Industry on CCS, and project funding e.g. Tees Valley

22 Plants in construction or operation, 14 already running


Capture plants – finance headlines

Additional Cost for CCS

CCGT CCGT/ PC

COAL

PC

COAL

CCS CCS

Capital Cost /kWnet , £ 550 1240 1480 2560

Efficiency LHV,% 58.8 49.9 42.4 32.8

Levelised Cost of Electricity (LCOE), £/MWh 48 70 56 87

Levelised cost at 40% Load ,£/MWh 70 119 109 178

Levelised cost of Fuel Only ,£/MWh 34 40 21 26

Discounting at 10%, with a 20 year lifetime for gas plant

and 30 years for coal plant. Costs are for mature “nth of

a kind” plant and include a contingency of 25%. The

plants run with an 85% load factor. Gas at £265/te and

coal at £65/te. Carbon at £0/te


CCS Cost Reduction Task Force Final Report May 2013

Cost Reduction Task Force Findings

28.


Investability and Risk

Return (Discount Factor,%) 5 10 15 20

LCOE of CCGT w CCS, £/MWh 62 70 78 89


The effect of return on costs during

CCS rollout (full chain)


CCS Scenarios 2030

• ETI project to identify how the UK could build CCS to 10GW by 2030

• Three different scenarios

• All scenarios start with build-out from DECC CCS commercialisation projects


Innovation

• Low risk improvements

to amine technologies

Constructability

Solvent properties

• Improved solvents (not drop in,

e.g. biphasic solvents,

precipitation system)

Ongoing large scale testing


Innovation – longer term

• Membranes

– Precombustion - used for separating H2 from synthesis gas

– Postcombustion - used for separating CO2 from fluegas

• Adsorbents

– Solid used for both post and precombustion separation

• Oxyfired Systems

– Net Power

• Pure oxygen is used to combust methane – products only water and CO2

• Claims to capture CO2 at no additional expense, when compared to CCGT, so enters

power market in its own right.


ETI PROGRAMME - HIGHLIGHTS


Storage Appraisal: £4M

Capture Economics: £0.5M

MMV Landscape: £0.2M

Mineralisation: £1.4M

(Biomass with CCS: £0.8M)

Hydrogen & Storage: £0.3M

CCS Devl Scenarios £0.1M

Aquifer Brine £0.2M

CCS System Modelling Toolkit: £3M

High Hydrogen: £2M

Turbine & Engine Safety

Thermal Power with CCS: £2M +

Developing a Phase 2 CCS Project

DECC Appraisal: £2.5M

Developing future storage options

Nextgen1: £3M

Pre Combustion Coal

Nextgen 2: £2M

Post Combustion Gas

Aquifer Appraisal: £2M

Funding of NG Project

MMV: £5M

Marine monitoring

Demonstration

Development

Knowledge

Building

ETI CCS Programme


UK Storage Appraisal Project

• ETI has delivered, through a £4m investment in the UK Storage

Appraisal Project:

– Realistic, defensible & fully auditable assessment of

potential CO2 storage capacity in the UK

– Overall estimate of capacity

– Unique & comprehensive GIS storage database

• Capacity

• Security of storage

• Economics

• Underlying data

• Database licensed to The Crown Estate and British Geological

Survey

– Launched in 2013, as CO2Stored

– £1M investment from TCE/BGS

– Now available free of charge to all stakeholders

• CO2Nomica

– Tool to estimate costs of CO2 network build out scenarios

– Available to Members


NG Aquifer Appraisal Project

• ETI provided £2M support to the National Grid programme to

appraise a Southern North Sea aquifer (“Endurance”)

• Drilling successfully completed in August 2013

• Results confirmed quality and capacity of the store

• Site will be used for White Rose demonstration project

• Summary of prior appraisal work and drilling reports available to

Members

– Currently under bespoke confidentiality provisions

– Reports available on Member Portal from January 2016

Images courtesy National Grid


Strategic UK CCS Storage Appraisal Project

(DECC Appraisal Project)

Secure funding

Commission project

Select 5 stores

Appraise 5 stores

Disseminate results

Q2/16Q4/14 Q1/15 Q2/15 Q3/15 Q4/15 Q1/16


Selected Portfolio of 5 sites

Selected portfolio

• Regionally distributed

• Significant capacity (1606 Mt)

• Diverse types

• Strong build out from Phase 1 projects

• Good fit with ETI Scenarios

• Enables further build out

Other key messages:

• There are many other candidate storage sites

around the UK with significant storage potential

• “The UK has lots of storage”


Measurement, Monitoring & Verification

• To replace ship launched AUVs (£45 - £55k/d) with long range AUVs

– existing NOC Long Range AUV platform

• Use a combination of mature technologies in a new system.

• Perform full scale trials to ensure it works.

• Launched 2014 - aim to be proven in time for DECC competition projects

• Project led by Fugro GEOS, with Sonardyne, National Oceanographic Centre, BGS, Plymouth

Marine Labs and University of Southampton


System Modelling Toolkit Project

• 2.5 year, £3m ETI investment

• Toolkit based on PSE’s gPROMS platform

– Involvement of CCS domain experts

(CO2Deepstore, E.ON, EDF & Rolls-Royce)

– Comprehensive toolkit enabling full-chain models

of CCS systems

• Power generation (coal, gas)

• Capture

• Compression

• Pipeline

• Wellhead & injection

– Steady state and dynamic simulation

– State of the art physical properties engine (gSAFT)

• Project substantially completed in June 2014

• Commercial Product (gCCS) launched in July 2014

• Further development completed in 2014/15 including

Enhanced Oil Recovery Module


Hydrogen - a clean energy source

Hydrogen Storage & Flexible Turbines

• Use of salt caverns to store hydrogen

• Allows intermittent use of clean energy for

power, or other users

• Alternatives to fossil fuels examined

• Cost effective vs alternatives

• Insights document completed in 20515 –

further work planned in 2016

High Hydrogen

• Understanding limits on safe use of

hydrogen-rich fuels in power production

by GTs and engines.

• Laboratory test work

• Large scale test work in Buxton on

circular duct and model heat recovery

steam generator

25


Building investor confidence - CCS

• Financing CCS

In partnership with Ecofin Foundation

Working with banks, insurers, developers, IEA, EIB and GIB to build common understanding of strategies to enable private sector financing of CCS

• Commercial development

Contributed to the DECC Cost Reduction Task Force (CRTF)

Leading the UK CCS Commercial Development Group (with Ecofin) to follow up on CRTF recommendations and actions

Supporting the UK CCS Storage Group developing national strategy


Building Confidence -Sharing Knowledge


For more information

about the ETI visit

www.eti.co.uk

For the latest ETI news

and announcements

email [email protected]

The ETI can also be

followed on Twitter

@the_ETI

Registered Office

Energy Technologies Institute

Holywell Building

Holywell Park

Loughborough

LE11 3UZ

For all general enquiries

telephone the ETI on

01509 202020.


Gas – a robust place in power generation

Geothermal Plant

Wave Power

Tidal Stream

Tidal Range

Severn Barrage

Hydro Power

Micro Solar PV

Large Scale Ground Mounted Solar

PV

Micro Wind

Onshore Wind

Offshore Wind

Micro CHP

H2 Turbine

Anaerobic Digestion CHP Plant

Incineration of Waste

IGCC Biomass with CCS

Biomass Fired Generation

Nuclear

CCGT with CCS

CCGT

IGCC Coal with CCS

IGCC Coal

PC Coal with CCS

PC Coal

OCGT

Macro CHP

Oil Fired Generation

Interconnectors

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2010(Historic)

2020 2030 2040 2050

GW

Electricity Generation Capacity

DB v3.3 / Optimiser v3.3

GAS

H2

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