DECCAN COLLEGE · 2 SYLLABUS Of MASTER OF ARTS (M.A.) IN SANSKRIT AND LEXICOGRAPHY AND CERTIFICATE...

1

SYLLABUS

DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT AND LEXICOGRAPHY

DECCAN COLLEGE

POST-GRADUATE AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Pune-411 006 (India)

(Declared as Deemed to be University under Section 3 of U.G.C. Act 1956)

2012

2

SYLLABUS

Of

MASTER OF ARTS (M.A.)

IN SANSKRIT AND LEXICOGRAPHY

AND

CERTIFICATE COURSE IN RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

(For Ph.D. students)

Department of Sanskrit and Lexicography

Deccan College

Post-Graduate and Research Institute

Pune-411 006 (India)

(Declared as Deemed to be University under Section 3 of U.G.C. Act 1956)

2012

3

CONTENTS

M.A. DEGREE COURSE

Semester I

SL 101

GRAMMAR , LEXICOGRAPHY

SL 102 INDIAN PHILOSOPHY

SL 103 EPICS , PURĀṆAS

SL 104 POETICS

Semester II

SL 201 LEXICOGRAPHY , TRANSLATION STUDIES

SL 202 VEDIC STUDIES

SL 203 STUDIES IN THE DHARMAŚĀSTRA

SL 204 HISTORY OF CLASSICAL SANSKRIT LITERATURE

Semester III

COMPULSORY PAPERS

SL 301 SANSKRIT LEXICONS

SL 302 STUDIES IN ANCIENT ŚᾹSTRAS

OPTIONAL PAPERS

(VEDA-1,2 OR VEDᾹNTA-1,2 OR SᾹHITYA-1,2 OR VYĀKARAṆA -1,2 )

SL 303 VEDA-1 -NIRUKTA, ṚKPRᾹTIŚᾹKHYA, VEDIC GRAMMAR.

SL 304 VEDA-2- ŚATAPATHA BRᾹHMAṆA

4

SL305 VEDᾹNTA -1-BRAHMASŪTRABHᾹṢYA

SL306 VEDᾹNTA -2-SᾹṀKHYAKᾹRIKᾹ

SL307 SᾹHITYA-1- KᾹVYᾹLAṀKᾹRA, MṚCCHAKAṬIKA

SL308 SᾹHITYA-2-DAŚAKUMᾹRACARITA,HAṀSADŪTA

SL309 VYĀKARAṆA -1- MAHᾹBHᾹṢYA (ᾹHNIKA-1),

HISTORY OF GRAMMAR AND ŚIKṢᾹ

SL310 VYĀKARAṆA -2- SIDDHᾹNTAKAUMUDῙ, VᾹKYAPADῙYA

Semester IV

COMPULSORY PAPERS

SL 401 INDO-EUROPEAN LINGUISTICS , EPIGRAPHY

SL 402 DRAMATURGY

OPTIONAL PAPERS

(VEDA-3,4 OR VEDᾹNTA -3,4 OR SᾹHITYA-3,4 OR VYĀKARAṆA -3,4 )

SL 403 VEDA-3- ᾹPASTAMBA ŚRAUTASŪTRA, GOBHILA

GṚHYASŪTRA

SL 404 VEDA-4-KᾹTYᾹYANA ŚULBASŪTRA, ATHARVAVEDA ,

SᾹYAṆABHᾹṢYABHŪMIKᾹ

SL 405 VEDᾹNTA- 3 -NYᾹYASŪTRA ,ŚLOKAVᾹRTIKA

SL 406 VEDᾹNTA - 4 - SARVADARŚANASAṀGRAHA

SL 407 SᾹHITYA- 3 -MADHURᾹVIJAYA, PRAHASANA, BHᾹṆA

SL 408 SᾹHITYA - 4 -KᾹVYAPRAKᾹŚA, KATHᾹSARITSᾹGARA

5

SL 409 VYᾹKARAṆA-3 -AṢṬᾹDHYᾹYῙ, PARIBHᾹṢENDUŚEKHARA

SL 410 VYᾹKARAṆA- 4 - PARAMALAGHUMAÑJŪṢᾹ

SL 411 DISSERTATION

CERTIFICATE COURSE IN

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

(For Ph.D. students)

6

Department of Sanskrit and Lexicography

DECCAN COLLEGE POST-GRADUATE AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Deemed University, Pune – 411 006.

SYLLABUS

M. A. COURSE

Semester I

SL 101 GRAMMAR AND LEXICOGRAPHY

A. Siddhāntakaumudī – Samāsa Sūtras: 648 – 986 30 M

(18 hrs.)

Siddhāntakaumudī is a prakaraṇa-grantha. Including all sub-sections, it has 75

prakaraṇas, i.e. sections. Samāsa-prakaraṇa (compound section) is one of them.

The authorship of the book goes to Bhattoji Dikshit (16th

A.D.).

The main types of compounds treated in this section are as follows:-

Sūtra nos. in

Siddhāntakaumudī

1. Avyayībhāva 648 – 684

2. Tatpuruṣa 685 – 829

3. Bahuvrīhi 830 – 902

4. Dvandva 903 – 932

5. Ekaśeṣa 933 – 986

7

This study encourages the students to get knowledge regarding the

compounds together with their treatment by Pāṇini and commentators

of later period.

Recommended Readings

Joshi, Bhargavashastri, 1942, Siddhāntakaumudī with Tattvabodhinī

and Subodhinī vyākhyā, Nirnayasagar Press, Mumbai.

Joshi, S. D.,1968, Analysis of the Topics discussed in the

Samarthāhnika Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali – Samarthāhnika, Centre of

Advance Studies in Sanskrit, Pune University, Pune.

Cardona, J. ,1975, Pāṇini : Survey of Research, Motilal Banarasidass,

New Delhi.

Roodbergen, J.A.F. , 2012, Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini : A Brief Exposition,

Vaidika Samshodhan Mandal, Pune.

B. Siddhāntakaumudī – Kāraka 30M

(18 hrs.)

The Kāraka-prakaraṇa of the Siddhāntakaumudī deals with both syntax and

semantics, as the term Kāraka refers the means of accomplishing the action

denoted by the verb. It deals with semantics, as the term, kāraka, without the affix

- vibhakti, means the case relation. The Sanskrit language has six kārakas as kartṛ

agent, karman object, karaṇa instrument, sampradāna recipient, apādāna ablation

and adhikaraṇa locus, seven cases viz. prathamā the nominative, dvitīyā

8

accusative, tṛtīyā instrumental, caturthī dative, pañcamī ablative, ṣaṣṭhī genitive

and saptamī locative. This section in the siddhāntakaumudi gives all the norms

together, regarding each kāraka and case. This helps the learner to study a

perspective into the ancient tradition of Semantics.


Abhyankar, K.V.,1961, A Dictionary of Sanskrit Grammar Vols. I-III,

Oriental Institute, Baroda.

Katre, S.M.,1968, Dictionary of Pāṇini, Silver Jubilee Series, 53, Deccan

College, Pune.

Otto Bӧhtling, K.,1964, (reprint), Pāṇini’s Grammatik, Georg Olms,

Verlagsbuchhandlung, Hildesheim.

Kielhorn, F. (Ed.) ,1885, The Vyākaraṇamahābhāṣya, Governmental Central

Book Depot., Bombay.

Vasu S.C. (Ed.), 1962, The Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini, (Text with Translation)

Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi.

Vasu S.C. (Ed. And translator) ,1962, The Siddhāntakaumudī of Bhaṭṭoji

Dīkṣita, (Text with Translation) Motilal Banarasidass, New Delhi.

Jayāditya, Vāmana , 1978, Kāśikāvṛtti ,Arsha Kanya Gurukula Narela,

Delhi.

C. Basics of Lexicography 20M

(12 hrs.)

Dictionary making is a complex process which requires lots of patience and staff

having knowledge of different aspects of language. The Department is involved in

9

a renowned project of Dictionary-making since 1948. The objective behind

incorporation of this paper in the syllabus is training new hands to join the

work of dictionary-making. Some basic principles of Dictionary-making are

taught in this paper which includes - Purpose and use of Dictionary, Definition of

Dictionary , Lexicology and Lexicography, Lexicology and Linguistics , Practical

and Theoretical Dictionaries , History of „An encyclopaedic Dictionary of Sanskrit

on Historical principles‟ at DCPRI in brief , Basic notions of corpus, reference

works, chronology and Key-elements of Dictionary. Thus this study makes all the

ground-work, necessary for a researcher to know about the encyclopaedias and

dictionaries along with the practicals. In the practicles, the students get the hands-

on experience of Dictionary making.


Zgusta, Ladislav, 1971, Manual of Lexicography, Academia Publishing

House, Mouton, Paris.

Singh, Ram Adhar ,1982, An Introduction to Lexicography, Central Institute

of Indian Languages, Mysore.

Katre, S.M.1965,Lexicography, Annamalai University, Madras.

Ghatage, A.M. 1976, Vol.1, ‘An encyclopaedic Dictionary of Sanskrit based

on Historical principles’, Deccan College Publication, Pune.

10

SL 102 INIDAN PHILOSOPHY

A. Selected passages from Upaniṣads 30M

(18 hrs.)

Upaniṣads, the last part of the Vedic literature form an integral part of Indian

philosophy. They represent theoretical explanation of metaphysical concepts.

Spiritual knowledge expressed by the Upaniṣads led to the exposition of the

Absolute Reality. It is noticed that thoughts recorded in the Upaniṣads are of

diverse nature; they are true experiences, realizations of philosophical conceptions.

Six passages of Upaniṣads dealing with such varied speculations and topics are

incorporated in the syllabus.

1. Māṇḍūkyopaniṣad expresses identity between three letters of Om,viz. a,

u and m and three stages of the Ātman, viz. waking, dream and deep

sleep.

2. Bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣad 4.5 - Yājñavalkya-Maitreyī dialogue establishes

that aspect of detachment which is very much necessary for attainment

of the knowledge of Brahman. It further states the discourse of

Ᾱtmajñāna given to Maitreyī by Yājñavalkya.

3. Kaṭhopaniṣad vallis 1-3 narrate the story of Yama and Naciketas. This

portion mentions that Yama gave three boons and also the knowledge of

Ᾱtman to Naciketas.

4. Chāndogyopaniṣad 5.3-24 mainly mentions Pañcāgnividyā, knowledge

of the path of a dead person and the preaching of Aśvapati Kaikeya.

5. Śvetāśvataropaniṣad 6.1-23 expounds the Reality in terms of theism.

11

6. Taittirīyopaniṣad 2.1-9 describes Pañcakośas -5 Sheaths are one after

another in order to point out the innermost self.

Thus, these selected passages present fundamental idealogy of ancient

Indian philosophical texts.


Belvalkar, S.K. & Ranade, R.D. 2012, History of Indian Philosophy, New

Bhartiya book corporation, Delhi.

Dasgupta, S.N.1963, History of Indian Philosophy Vol.I, Motilal

Banarsadass, Delhi.

Limaye, V. P. & Vadekar R.D., 1958, Aṣṭādaśa-Upaniṣad, Vaidika

Samshodhan Mandal, Pune.

Hume, Robert Ernest., 1934, Upaniṣad - Transalation from the Sanskrit,

Oxford University Press, London.

Radhakrishanan, S., 1953, Principal Upaniṣad, George Allen & Unwin Ltd.,

London.

B.

Jaiminīyanyāyamālāvistara 1.1.1-3

20M

(12 hrs.)

There are six principal Darśanas or disciplines of Indian Philosphy, viz.

Pūrvamīmāṁsā, Uttaramīmāṁsā, Sāṁkhya, Yoga, Nyāya and Vaiśeṣika,

propounded respectively by Jaimini, Vyāsa, Kapila, Patañjali, Gautama and

Kaṇāda. The term Mīmāṁsā means profound thought, reflection, consideration,

12

inquiry, investigation leading to legitimate decision.The Pūrvamīmāṁsā or

Karmamīmāṁsā chiefly concerns with the correct interpretation of Vedic

statements and with the settlement of doubtful points in the Vedic texts.

The origin of Mīmāṁsā can be traced in early treatises like Taittirīya

Saṁhitā and Brāhmaṇa, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa etc. Then Jaimini composed the

Nyāya, i.e.Mīmāṁsāsūtras and systematically designed the discipline of Mīmāṁsā

based on pure logic. In order to explain the meaning of these Sūtras,

Mādhavācārya, a renowned minister of Bukkarāya composed the Kārikās, known

as Jaiminīyanyāyamālā. Further he himself wrote an exhaustive commentary

named Vistara on his Kārikās for the sake of proper understanding of the Sūtras

and Kārikās. He has explained every topic of discussion as per the views of

Kumārila Bhaṭṭa and Prabhākara Guru, the main preceptors of Mīmāṁsā. Thus

this text provides the advanced theory of Mīmāṁsakas in the science of the

sentence-meaning and regarding the understanding of Vedic Sentences.


Apte, Hari Narayana (Ed.), 1916, Jaiminīya-Nyāyamālā-Vistara,

Anandashrama Mudranalaya, Pune.

Shastri, T. Shubha (Ed.), 1929, Mīmāṁsāsūtra With Śābarbhāṣya,

Anandashrama Sanskrit Granthavali, Pune.

Thadani , 1952, Mīmāṁsā , N .V. Bharati Research Institute, Delhi.

Jha, Ganganatha, 1933, Śābarabhāṣya Vol. I-III, Oriental Institute, Baroda.

Kevalananda Saraswati, 1952, Mimāmsākośa Vol.vii, Pradnya Pathashala

Mandal , Satara.

13

C. Siddhāntamuktāvalī - Pratyakṣakhaṇḍa 30M

(18 hrs.)

This text highlights different concepts related to seven categories of

the Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika system, which have been discussed under the four sections:

Perception (pratyakṣa), Inference (anumāna), Analogy (upamāna) and Verbal

testimony (śabda). The present teaching programme concentrates only on the first

section Pratyakṣakhaṇḍa which includes some of the topics like Mangalavāda,

establishment of God, concepts of universal, inherence, negation, cause, types of

perception and their process and so on. This tudy gives the idea about

fundamental principles of the Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika system.


Acarya, Narayan Ram, 1952, Siddhāntamuktāvalī of Viśvanātha

Nyāyapañcānana Pratyakṣakhaṇḍa, Nirnayasagar press, Bombay.

Swami Madhavananda, 1954, (Tr.) Bhāṣāpariccheda with

Siddhāntamuktāvalī of Viśvanātha Nyāyapañcānana, Advaita Ashrama,

Calcutta.

Nyāyasiddhāntamuktāvalī with the Prabhā commentary of Nrisiṁhadeva

Meherchand Lakshmandass, 1929, Lahore.

Chatterjee, S.C., 1939, The Nyāya Theory of Knowledge, University of

Calcutta, Culcutta.

Guha, Dinesh Chandra, 1979, Navya-Nyāya System of Logic, Motilal

Banarasidass, Delhi.

Ingalls, Daniel H. H., 1951, Materials for the Study of Navya-Nyāya Logic,

Harvard University Press , Cambridge.

14

Motilal, Bimal K., 1968, The Navya-Nyāya Doctrine of Negation, Harvard

University Press , Cambridge.

Vidyabhushana, Satisha Chandra, 1970, Reprint 1978, A History of Indian

Logic, Motilal Banarsidass , Delhi.

SL 103 EPICS AND PURĀṆAS

A. Rāmāyaṇa 25M

(15 hrs.)

The Rāmāyaṇa and the Mahābhārata are the two famous epics which stand

foremost among the many valuable relics of the world literature of India.The epic

Rāmāyaṇa, woven out of the old time sagas of the ancient Ᾱryans of India, has

permanent interest for the people of India. The Hindus look upon the Ᾱryan heroes

of Indian epics as ancestors of their race; and fondly pride themselves in their

mighty deeds.

The Rāmāyaṇa composed by Vālmīki, has a great value independent of either

history or allegory which they enshrine. Its appeal to the prediction for the

marvelous and the beautiful is enormous. The Rāmāyaṇa is divided into seven

books (kāṇḍas). Viz. The first book, the Bālakāṇḍa, the Ayodhyākāṇḍa, the

Araṇyakāṇḍa, the Kiṣkiṇḍhākāṇḍa, the Sundarakāṇḍa, the Yuddha kāṇḍa and the

Uttara kāṇḍa .

The first portion (Sargas 30-40) is taken from the third book of Araṇyakāṇḍa. The

Sargas describe the story of Mārīca, assuming the form of a wonderful dear, who

captivates Sītā‟s fancy, and lures Rāma off in to the woods. At Sītā‟s urging,

15

Laksmaṇa leaves Sītā and follows Rāma. Rāvaṇa, in the meantime, carries off Sīta

by force. Rāmā‟s friend Jaṭāyu, attempts to save Sītā but falls mortally wounded.

The second portion (Sargas 8-24) is taken from the fourth book of Kiṣkindhākāṇda.

The Sargas describe the story of Rāma meeting Hanūmān and Sugrīva. Sugrīva

tells his rivalry with the monkey king Vālin and seeks Rāmā‟s help for killing

Vālin and taking his throne. Accordingly Rāma shoots Vālin from ambush while

the latter is engaged in combat with Sugrīva.

The third portion (Sargas 30-38) is taken from the fifth book of Sundarakāṇḍa. The

Sargas describe the story of Hanūmāns heroic leap across the ocean and the

monkey hero‟s exploration of the city of Laṅkā. After much effort, Hanūmān finds

the despondent princess and reassures her by giving her Rāma‟s signet ring as a

sign of good faith. By this study, the students get to know about the first great

epic of classical Sanskrit composed by Ᾱdikavi Vālmiki.


Winternitz, Maurice, 1972, History of Indian Literature, University of

Calcatta, Calcatta.

Dutt, M.N., 2004, Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki, Parimal Publications, Delhi.

Satavalekar, Shreepad, 1941, Vālmīkirāmāyaṇa, Svadhyaya Mandal - Bharat

Mudranalaya, Aundh.

Joshi, P.N., 1986, Sārtha-Śrīvālmīkirāmāyaṇa, Vidarbha Marathawada Book

Co., Pune.

16

B. Mahābhārata 25M

(15 hrs.)

The Mahābhārata, composed by Vyāsa, is a great epic of Indian literature known as

Itihāsa. It is the longest literary work in the world. From historical point of view it

is a narration of Kuru clan. Mainly it gives detailed story of the Kauravas and the

Pāṇḍavas, particularly their conflict for succession and its consequence, the

Mahābhārata war.

The Mahābhārata is an encyclopaedia of Indian culture. It depicts the picture of

contemporary society which highlights political wisdom, culture, morality, code of

conduct, religion, philosophical doctrines in the course of narration.

The first passage is from Ᾱdiparvan 62- 69 which narrates the story of

Duṣyanta and Śakuntalā.

The passage from Virāṭapravan 13-23 tells the story of Pāṇḍavas staying in

disguise in the kingdom of Virāṭa. It covers famous episode of the killing of

Kīcaka.

The passage from Udyogaparvan 33-37& 40 deals with Vidūranīti. Thoughts

of the great politician Vidūra tries to pacify king Dhṛtarāṣṭra‟s agitation with

the words full of wisdom. At the same time he speaks about the king‟s

wrong attitude towards Pāṇḍavas.

The chapters 61-66, 100-103 from Anuśāsanaparvan contain praise of donations

like that of earth, food, water, cow, lamp etc.

This study gives out the glimpses of Ancient Indian History related to the

greatest clan which ruled over India.

17


Sukathankar, Vishnu. S. (Ed.), 1997, Mahābhārata, (Critical Edition )

Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune.

Walimbe, R.S., 2008, Mahābhārata, Vidarbha Marathawada Book Co.,

Pune.

Dutta, M.N., 2003, Mahābhārata, Parimal Publication, Delhi.

Buitenen, J.A.B.Van., 1973, Mahābhārata, University of Chicago,

Chicago.

Roy, Pratap Chandra., 1955, Mahābhārata, Oriental Publishing Co.,

Calcutta.

C. Purāṇas 30M

(18 hrs.)

Purāṇas are the second important Sanskrit texts of ancient India maintaining their

antiquity and sanctity only next to the Vedas. The purpose of their composition, it

is believed, is to spread the Vedic knowledge in a simple way among the masses

who do not qualify to study the Vedas. Scholars have divided all important Purāṇa

texts into two groups namely major or great Purāṇas (Mahāpurāṇa) and minor

Purāṇas (Upapurāṇa) each consisting of 18 individual Purāṇas. These texts deal

with quite a large number of topics like creation, destruction and recreation,

genealogy of the ancient seers, periods of the original rulers of the human race,

history of important royal dynasties, exploits of gods and demons, eulogies of

some divine beings incarnations of Lord Viṣṇu, narrations of various legends,

instructions on same important religious ceremonies and observances etc.,

philosophical discourses, abstract ideas such as devotion, enlightenment, final

emancipation, religious merits , sins heaven and hell, rebirth and so on.

18

In the present course of study are included three important Puranic episodes

chosen from three major Purāṇas, viz., Dhruva from the Viṣṇu Purāṇa, glory of the

Goddess Mahāmāyā from the Mārkaṇḍeya Purāṇa and Rāsa-dance from the

Bhāgavata Purāṇa. These episodes contain the following themes - a young boy‟s

undeterred devotion to Lord Viṣṇu and his meditation on the Lord yielding him the

unique position of the brightest star in the sky, mother goddess triumph the

demoniac forces of nature and the intense love of the guileless ladies of Vṛndāvana

towards Lord Kṛiṣṇa leading them to their final beatitude.

All these episodes briefly inform about the nature and philosophy of the

Purāṇas and about their importance in the Indian ideaology regarding

History and notions of Bhakti.


Gupta, Munilal (Ed.), 1990, Viṣṇupurāṇa , Gita Press, Gorakhapur.

Wilson, H.H., 1961, Viṣṇupurāṇa, Punthi Pustak, Calcutta.

Pathak, Sarvananda, 1967, Viṣṇupurāṇa kā Bhārata, Chaukhamba

Sanskrit Series. , Varanasi.

Shukla, Shraddha, 1998, Śrīviṣṇumahāpurāṇa part 1, Naag

Prakashana, Delhi.

Prasad, S. S., 1984, Bhāgavatapurāṇa - A literary Study, Capital

Publishing House, Delhi.

Pandey, Girish, 1999, Bhāgavatam, Amar Grantha Publications,

Delhi.

Poddar, Hanuman Prasad (Ed.), 1952, Śrimad Bāgavatam, Gita Press,

Gorakhpur.

Joshi, K. L. (Ed.), 2012, Mārkaṇḍeyapurāṇa, Parimal Publications,

Delhi,

19

Pergiter, F. E., 1969, Mārkaṇḍeyapurāṇa - Vol. I, Sanskrit College,

Varanasi.

Hazra, R.C., 1958, Studies in the Upapurāṇa, Sanskrit College,

Calcutta.

Rocher, Ludo, (Ed.) Jan Gonda, 1986, History of Sanskrit Literature:

Purāṇas, Wiesbaden.

SL 104 POETICS

A. Outlines of Sanskrit Poetics 50M

(30 hrs.)

Poetics is that science which deals with the reasons and nature of joy or

pleasure one gets after relishing the poetry. Poetry is the combination of words and

their meanings, so this science also includes the theories regarding nature of words,

their meanings and also the discussion on processes of how the meanings are

conveyed. Thus the scope or subject-matter of this science covers various theories

regarding the nature, purposes of poetry along with the pre-requisites of it as well

as various factors that make it attractive. It makes the students conversant with

the theories regarding these factors which are mainly six giving the thinking

on aesthetics, the nature of poetry. This study also includes introduction to

important authors who gave theories of Poetics.


De, S. K., 1963, Sanskrit Poetics as Study of Asthetic, Oxford University

Press, Bombay.

De & Dasgupta , 1947, History of Sanskrit Literature, University of

Calcutta, Calcutta.

20

Kane, P.V., 1957, History of Sanskrit Poetics, Nirnayasagar Press,

Bombay.

Deshpande, G.T.,First Edn.1958, IVth Edn. 2013, Bharatīya Sāhityaśāstra,

Popular Prakashana, Mumbai.

Ketkar, Godavari, 1963, Bharatāce Nāṭyaśāstra 2nd

Ed., Popular

Prakashana, Mumbai.

Jog, R.S., 2004, Abhinava Kāvyaprakāśa, Venus Prakashana, 11th

Ed., Pune.

Arjunwadkar, Mangrulkar, Hatwalne, 1962, Kāvyaprakāśa, Ullāsa 1, 2,3 and

10, Deshmukh Prakashana, Pune.

Ingalls, Daniel H.H., 1990, Dhvanyāloka of Anandavardhana with Locana

of Abhinavgupta, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.

Patwardhan, M.V. and Virakar P.N., 1983, Dhvanyāloka with Commentary

Locana, Maharashtra Rajya Sahitya Sanskriti Mahamandal, Mumbai.

Athawale, R.B., 1953, (Text and Tr.)Rasagaṅgādhara of Jagannātha, Tilak

Maharashtra Vidyapitha, Pune.

Kangale, R.P., 1974, Daśarūpakavidhāna, Maharashtra Rajya Sahitya

Sanskriti Mandal, Mumbai.

Kangale, R.P, 1973, Rasabhāvavicāra, Maharashtra Rajya Sahitya Sanskriti

Mandala, Mumbai.

Dalal, C.D. & Sastry R.A. (Ed.), 1934, Kāvyamīmāṁsā by Rājaśekhara,

Oriental Institute, Baroda.

Nagendra, B.R., 1987, A Dictionary of Sanskrit Poetics, Publishing

Corporation, Delhi.

Gajendragadkar, A.B., 1939, (Tr.) Kāvyaprakāśa of Mammaṭa,

Aryabhushana Press, Pune.

21

B. Meghadūta 30M

(18 hrs.)

This is a master piece of poetry by Kalidasa . The world-famous poet describing the

a story of a Yaksa from Alaka , sent on exile by his master for a period of one year

due to some unknown mistake on his part. Yakṣa, separated from his beloved, and

somehow leading his life with great difficulty in the hermitages at Ramagiri , sees a

monsoon cloud . Possessed by an innovative idea of making this cloud a messanger

for his beloved , Yakṣa tells the cloud the way to reach his home -town, Alakā and

gives his message to his beloved . The poem divided into two parts - Pūrvamegha

and Uttaramegha - contains about 120 stanzas in Mandakranta metre .

Along with feast of fanciful imagination of the great poet, study of this poem

offers a geographical sketch of the northan India at the time of Kālidāsa and

the beautiful sketch of the landscape in different seasons.


De, S.K., 1957, The Meghaduta of Kalidasa , Sahitya Academy, New

Delhi.

Kale, M.R., 1969, The Meghaduta of Kalidasa , Motilal Banarasidass,

New Delhi.

Shastri, S.R., 1963, Meghasandeśa, Balmanorama Press, Madras.

22

Semester II

SL 201 LEXICOGRAPHY AND TRANSLATION STUDIES

A. Outlines of Modern Lexicography 40M

(24 hrs.)

„An encyclopaedic Dictionary of Sanskrit based on Historical principles‟ at DCPRI

is designed as per the norms of modern lexicography. In continuation with the

syllabus of Lexicography in Semester I , some more details of lexicography and

the modern practices will be taught in this semester. The detailed syllabus consists

of the following things.

Typology of Dictionaries- Criteria for classification, classification of reference-

works based on lexical and non-lexical information, classification of reference-

works based on concept, terms and vocabulary.

Dictionary making phase I – Planning, Blue print, Collection of material,

Collection of material for different types of Dictionaries, selection of entries.

Dictionary making phase II- Editing, Proper setting of entries, Dictionary entry,

Contents of the entry, Head word, Spelling and pronunciation,

Grammatical information, Meaning description and definition.

Dictionary making phase III - Preparation of press-copy , Arrangement of

entries, Types of arrangement, Alphabetical, Semantic or ideological arrangement,

Other arrangements, Nesting, Subentries, Run on words, Setting of lemmata,

Grammatical status, Meaning analysis .

Thus the students get the knowledge of modern and basic principles of

Dictionary-making with proper illustrations.

23


Zgusta, Ladislav, 1971, Manual of Lexicography, Academia Publishing

House, Mouton, Paris.

Singh, Ram Adhar, 1982, An Introduction to Lexicography, CIIL, Mysore.

Katre, S.M., 1965, Lexicography, Annamalai University, Madras.

Ghatage, A.M., 1976, Introduction of Vol.1 An encyclopaedic Dictionary of

Sanskrit based on Historical principles , Deccan College Publication, Pune.

B. Translation Studies 40M

(24 hrs.)

Translation involves conversion of the text from one language to another. It is a

task where the meaning of expression from one language (SL- Source language) is

turned into another language (TL-Target language) whether the medium is written,

spoken or signed. It is an art as well as a science. It deals with some technical and

some scientific aspects at the same time. The artistic and aesthetic aspects are also

assumed in this process.

This paper of Translation Studies includes history of translation, different types of

translations, different theories regarding translation, untranslatability etc. It also

includes practising and analysing the process of translation from one language (SL)

to another language (TL) so as to observe the transmission of knowledge, trends,

developments and thoughts.

Thus this study furnishes stable ground of principles and ideology regarding

the understanding of any language and also provides them with additional

knowledge necessary for understanding the science of Lexicography.

24


Asher, R.E. (Ed.), 1994, The encyclopaedia of language and Linguistics,

Pergaman Press, Oxford.

Bassnett-McGuire, 1980, Translation Studies, Methuen, London, NewYork.

Nida, E.A. and Taber C.R., 1969, The Theory and Practice of Translation,

E.J.Brill , Leiden.

Newmark, Peter, 1998, Text book of translation, Prentice Hall Elt., London.

SL 202 VEDIC STUDIES

A. Ṛgveda 25M

(15 hrs.)

The inclusion of the selected hymns from the Rgveda is to introduce the students to

the earliest literature of the world. The introductory topics such as the arrangement

of Rgveda , its date, variety of its subject-matter, the deities, accents etc. will be

dealt in detail. The syllabus comprises of the following hymns:

1. ṚV. 1.1 Agni hymn

2. ṚV. 1.154 Viṣṇu hymn

3. ṚV. 6.54 Pūṣan hymn

4. ṚV. 7.55 Prasvāpinī Upaniṣad

5. ṚV. 8.91 Apālā hymn

6. ṚV. 10.90 Puruṣa hymn

7. ṚV. 10.108 Saramā-Paṇi hymn

8. ṚV. 10.129 Nāsadīya hymn

25

This study will, on a smaller scale, give the students an idea about the

language, style, mythology and other peculiarities of the Vedic literature

and will introduce them to the vast literature broadly.


Citrav, Siddheshwara Shastri, 1928, Sampūrṇa Ṛgvedāce Marāṭhī

Bhāṣāntara, Lokasamgraha Chhapakhana, Pune.

Griffith, R.T.H., (Tr.) 1973, The Hymns of Rgveda , Motilal Banarasidass,

Delhi.

Macdonell, A.A., 1917, Vedic Reader for Students, Oxford University Press,

Oxford.

Sontakke, N.S. and Kshikar C.G. (Ed.), 1933-1946, Ṛgvedasaṃahitā

Sāyaṇabhāṣyasametā, Vaidik Samshodhan Mandal, Pune.

Velankar, H.D., Paradkar M.D. and Joshi G.V. (Ed.), 1965,

Ṛksūktavaijayantī, Vaidika Samshodhana Mandal, Pune.

B. Atharvaveda 25M

(15 hrs.)

Atharvaveda, generally known as the Veda of the masses, bears every distinct

nature and characteristic features. Its main focus „the man‟, with all his emotions,

feelings so its hymns describe the throbbing of this individual, going through

various turmoils of life and expressing his natural intuitions. Therefore, the hymns

of this Veda are not, primarily, prayers and glorifications to the deities, but are the

spontaneous outcome of his desire for security, good health, long life and fear for

the unknown and efforts to win over this fear, along with its causes. Hymns chosen

26

for the study from the huge collection represent mostly all the feelings of man and

also speak out the means also he has undertaken to achieve his aim.

10 Sūktas (1.5,6,14 ; 2.36 ; 4.13,33 ; 5.20 ; 6.124 ; 7.8(9); 10.1)

These hymns will inform the students about the changing notions about

deities, mythology and ritual and also about the feelings of common man in

general


Viśva Bandhu, (Ed.), 1990(Ed.II), Atharvavedasaṁhitā with Sāyaṇa’s

Commentry, Vishveshwarananda Vedic Research Institute, Hoshiarpur,

Punjab.

Whitney, W.D. (Tr.), 1971, The Atharvaveda, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi.

Bloomfield, M. (Tr.), 1964, The Atharvaveda, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi.

Griffth, RTH (Tr.) , 1968, The Atharvaveda , Motilal Banarasidass,

Varanasi,

Chitrav, Siddheshwara Sastri (Tr.), 1972, Atharvavedᾱche Mar ᾱṭhi

Bhᾱṣᾱntara , Srī Amṛteśwara Devasthᾱna , Pune.

Bloomfild, M. (Ed.), 1899, Atharvaveda & GopathaBrahmana , Asian

Publication Services, Strassburg.

Bloomfild, M. (Ed.), 1872, The Kauśikasūtra of Atharva Veda, (With

extracts from the commentaries of Dārila and Keśava) (Reprint), Motilal

Banarsidass, Delhi.

Mehra, B.S. , 1994, Śrauta Sacrifices in the Atharvaveda, Sunjay Prakashan,

Delhi.

27

Purohit, Motilal, 1998, Atharvāṅgirasaparamparāme Saṁskṛtikamūlya,

Pratibha Prakashan, Delhi.

Shende, N.J., 1952, Religion & Philosophy of the Atharvaveda, Bhandarkar

Oriental Series No.8, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune .

C. Yajurveda 30M

(18 hrs.)

Rudrādhyāya – Taittirīyasaṁhitā (4.5.1-11)

The Veda is the earliest literature of mankind. The Veda, literary the sacred divine

knowledge, consists of the Ṛgveda, Yajurveda, Sāmaveda, and Atharvaveda. There

were 101 recensions of the Yajureveda. However, at present only the Taittirīya,

Maitrāyaṇi, Kāṭhaka and Kapiṣṭhala of Kṛṣṇa Yajurveda and Vājasaneyi

Mādhyandina and Vājasaneyi Kāṇva of Śukla Yajurveda are available.

The Rudrādhyāya in the Taittirīyasaṁhitā (4.5.1-11) consists of 11 Anuvākas

named as Śatarudrīya or Namaka and further 11 Anuvākas are named as

Vasordhārā or Camaka. It occurs in all the 101 recessions of the Yajurveda and it

praises Rudra with hundred epithets, hence it is named as Śatarudrīyasaṁhitā.

The Rudrādhyāya is considered as the essence or nectar of the whole of Vedic lore.

It is employed in certain ritual of Agnicayana as well as in the meditation for

salvation. Hence, tradition recognizes it as the exposition of knowledge through

action.

This study of the Rudrādhyāya will make the students aware of the

evolutionary mythology of the Vedas in general and development of it in the

ritualistic Saṁhitās, with the rituals in particular.

28


Sontakke, N.S. & Dharmadhikari T.N (Ed.), 1990, Taittirīyasaṁhitā (Kāṇḍa-4), Vaidika Samshodhana Mandal, Pune.

Bhide, V.V. & Thite G.U., 1987, Taittirīyasaṁhitā Part.1 (Tr.), University

of Poona, Pune.

Bapat, (Dikshit) D.G. (Ed.), 1916, Taittirīyasaṁhitā part.1 (Marathi

translation), Kanpur.

Kashikar, C. G., 1977, Srautadharmᾱcī Svarūpaciktitsᾱ, Pune University

Publication, Pune.

Dandekar, R.N., 1953, Rudra in Veda, Pune University Publication, Pune.

Khadilakar, K.P., 1940, Khadilakarᾱnchᾱ Rudra , Khadilakar K.P., Pune.

Macdonell, A.A., 1897, Vedic Mythology, Verlag Von Karl. J. Trubner,

Strassburg.

SL 203 STUDIES IN THE DHARMAŚĀSTRA

A. Gautamadharmasūtra (Praśna 1)

20M

(12 hrs.)

The Dharmasūtras form a part of Kalpasūtras. They prescribe rules of conduct of a

man as a member of Aryan community. The principle sources of Dharma were

conceived to be the Vedas, Smṛtis and customs. Gautama Dharmasūtra was

specially studied by the followers of the Sāmaveda.

The first Praśna consists of nine chapters dealing with various topics like

Purification, studentship, times of distress, duties of Snātaka etc.

29

This study gives the idea of the importance of the sacred perfections or

Saṁskāras and about the social and individual ethics laid down by the

authorities.


Gautamadhramasūtra, 1876, Calcutta edn. , Calcutta.

Pandeya Umesh Chanrda (Ed.), 1986, Gautamadharmasūtra,

Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series, Varanasi.

Gautamadharmasūtra with commentary by Haradatta, 1966,

AnandashramaSanskrit Series, Pune.

Bühler Georg (Tr.), 1965, Gautama Dharmasūtra, Motilal Banarasidas,

Delhi.

Bi. Manusmṛti 20M

(12 hrs.)

The Dāyavibhāga (Partition of Inheritance) of the Mānava-dharmaśātra of

Manu (Code of law of Manu or Manusmṛti)

The Mānava Dharmaśāstra of Manu, popularly known as Manusmṛti (Manu's code

of Law), is probably the most authoritative work on Indian code of Law. However,

the term Dharma (code) occurs as early as in the Ṛgveda itself. Two Indian

exponents of Law, namely, Manu and Yājñavalkya, systematized the Indian code

of law and wrote Mānava Dharmaśāstra (Manusmṛti) and Yājñavalkyasmṛti .

Now as regards the subject matters of Manu's code of Law , it generally deals with

i) Creation of world ii) Sources of Dharma; iii) the Dharma of the four social

classes iv) Law of Karma. Now as regards the specific topics dealt in

30

„Inheritance‟- it deals with the topics such as - duty of the eldest son, share of the

eldest son, share of the youngest son, concept of female son, share of unmarried

daughter, concept of putra, concept of adopted son, sons by wives of different

castes, concept of son born to a prostitute, concept of natural son, law of all

brothers becoming putrin, three pitṛs who are to be offered water, six types of

marriages and six types of woman's property and those children who are not

qualified for share.

Thus this study of the earlier texts of the important Smṛtis and the portain

related to inheritance, will give the information about the origin of the rules

and notions regarding social norms forming legislative rules in the History.


Bühler, G., 1964, The Laws of Manu, Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi.

Kane, P.V., 1930, History of Dharmaśāstra, BORI publication , Pune.

Shastri, T. Ganapati (Ed.), 1924, Kauṭilīya Arthaśātra, Trivandrum Sanskri

Series, Trivendrum.

Olivelle, P., 2005, Manu’s Cod of Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Kangle, R.P., 1963, The Kautilīya Arthaśāstra, The University of Bombay

publications, Bombay.

Shastri, T. Gaṇapati (Ed.), 1912, Kāmandaka Nītisārā, Trivandrum

Sanskrit Series, Trivandrum.

Gurjar, J.M. (Ed.), 1877, Manusmṛti prᾱkrita bhᾱṣᾱntarasahita,

Nirnaysagar Press, Bombay.

31

Bii. Yājñavalkyasmṛti 20M

(12 hrs.)

Smṛti texts are the codes of law, handed down by tradition. They are the law-

books, authoritative for human conduct. In Indian tradition their authority is

considered next to the Śrutis. Yājñavalkya who composed Yājñavalkyasmṛti

flourished in 5th

A.D. This text is divided in three parts - Ᾱcārādhyāya,

Vyavahārādhyāya and Prāyaścittādhyāya.

This study aims to understand those verses of the Prāyaścittādhyāya that deal

with expiations for various types of sins or bad conducts, the nature of and

classification as five Mahāpātakas, heinous sins and Upapātakas, minor sins

and their expiations .Selection of Yājñavalkyasmṛti gives the normative views

of an important authority about the activities and behavior of man in the

society.


Acarya, Narayana Ram (Ed.), 1985, The Yājñavalkyasmṛti, Nag publishers,

Delhi.

Gharpure, J.R., 1939, The Yājñavalkyasmṛti (Tr.), V.J Gharpure, Mumbai.

C. Smṛticandrikā 20M

(12 hrs.)

Smṛticandrikā belongs to the discipline of Dharmaśāstra. This text is significant in

the sense that it has brought together the views of many Dharmasūtrakāras on

different issues. This paper proposes to study the Adhyāyas 17 to 27 in the III book

32

of Smṛticandrikā, discussing Vyavahāra, related to the topic of witnesses. While

dealing with the notion of witness it discusses the characteristics of (eligible)

witness, and of non-witness i.e. non-eligible witness, their features and some

devices of examining witness, and consequences of one being false witness and so

on. It also shows its modern relevance to the present judiciary system. This study

presents the importance of witness in legal process.


Shrinivasacharya, L. (Ed.), 1988, Smṛticandrikā of

Yājnikadevaṇabhaṭṭopādhyāya, Vol-III, Nag Publishers, Delhi.

Kane, P.V., 1941, History of Dharmaśāstra, Bhandarkar Oriental Research

Institute, Pune.

Gharpure, J.R., 1946, The Smṛtichandrikᾱ (Tr.), V.J Gharpure, Mumbai.

SL 204 HISTORY OF SANSKRIT LITERATURE

A. History of Classical Sanskrit Literature 50M

(30 hrs.)

This topic aims to introduce the students to the style and salient features of

differents poets in Sanskrit Literature which begins with the advent of Christian

era, and flows through years meandering in various forms. This Literature is called

classical as it contains a different type of Sanskrit from that found in the Vedas and

two great poems, Rāmāyaṇa, called as the Ᾱdikāvya, and Mahābhārata, known as

Itihāsa. This study includes the study of various poets, and numerous types of

compositions in Sanskrit. They are Mahākāvyas, dramas, stories and narratives,

parables, stotras and śatakas, historical poems and prose romances.

33

Thus the study will present a graph of the expression of poetic ideas, through

various types of compositions and the students will get some idea about most

of the doyens of Sanskrit literature in all its aspects.


Dasgupta, S.N. & De S.K., 1947, A History of Sanskrit Literature,

University of Calcutta , Calcutta.

Krishnammachariar, 1970 (Reprint), A History of classical Sanskrit

Literature, Motilal Banarasidass, New Delhi.

Keith, A.B., 1932, Classical Sanskrit Literature, Oxford University Press,

London.

Macdonell, A.A., 1962 , A History of classical Sanskrit Literature, MLBD,

Delhi.

Mahulikar, Gauri, Vaidya Uma & Gokhale Manjusha, 2004, Abhijāta

Saṁskṛta Vāṅmayācā Itihāsa, Rutayan Samstha, Mumbai.

B. Mahākāvyas - Naiṣadīyacarita- Sarga-1 30M

(18 hrs.)

The poem is based on the famous story of Nala and Damayanti . Nala‟s episode ,

first dealt with in the great epic of Mahabharata , consists of only two hundred

verses. While Sriharsa has created a long poem of twenty-two cantos spread over

about two thousand eight hundred verses.

34

The Naisadha being one of the famous five Mahakavyas , its first canto is

included in the syllabus to introduce the students the flavor of later ornate

poetry. Its study will give the idea about the classical Sanskrit as well as the

ornate poetry of Mahākāvyas.

The first canto deals with the following topics:

Description of Nala (verses 1-30)

Damayantī‟s falling in love with Nala (verses 31-43)

Nala‟s hearing about Damayanti and his longing for her (44-55)

Nala‟s visit to pleasure garden to seek peace (56-116)

Description of swan and Nala‟s catching hold of him (117-128)

Swan‟s pleading to Nala and its release by Nala (129-145)


Acarya, Narayana Ram (Ed.), 1952, Śrīharṣaviracitaṁ Naiṣadhīyacaritam,

Nirnayasagar Press, Bombay.

Handiqui, Krishnakanta (Tr.), 1956, Naiṣadhīyacarita of Śrīharṣa , Deccan

College Publication, Pune.

Athawale, B.R., 1994, Naiṣadhīyacarita – Sarga 1, Anandashrama

Prakashana, Pune.

35

Semester III

(Compulsory papers)

SL 301 SANSKRIT LEXICONS

A. Sanskrit Lexicons 50M

(30 hrs.)

Traditional Sanskrit lexicographers employed numerous methods for preparing

Sanskrit lexicons. Those lexicons have the lexemes either of synonymic, or

homonymic or polysemous type. Like modern lexicons Sanskrit lexicons often

adopt the technique of arranging words alphabetically. Most of the lexicographers

have a practice of presenting the methods of compiling lexicons in the introductory

part. Each lexicographer has his own method of preparing his lexicon, and hence

methods are often not uniform. However, this Department is preparing An

Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Sanskrit on Historical Principles, so, it is felt to

train M.A. students about the ancient techniques utilized in Sanskrit lexicons.

Therefore, the study of few such lexicons like Nighantu , Amarakośa,

Medinīkośa, Dhanvantarīyakośa etc. is included in the M.A. curriculum.


Acarya, Narayana Rama (Ed.), 1950, Amarakośa, Nirnayasagar Mudranalay,

Mumbai.

Sarup, Laxman (Ed.), (Reprint) 2009, The Nighantu and the Nirukta of

Yāskācārya, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi.

Theodor, Zachariae (Ed.), 1853, Anekārthasaṁgraha of Hemacandra,

Education Society Press, Bombay.

Kulkarni, E.D. (Ed.), 1968, Dharaṇikośa of Dharaṇidāsa, Deccan College

Publication, Pune.

36

Sharma, Narayan (Ed.), 1925, Dhanvantarīyanighantu and Rājanighantu ,

Anadashrama Samskrit Granthavali, Pune.

Shastri, Hariprasad (Ed.), 1956, Śabdaratnapradīpa, Rajasthan Puratana

Granthamala, Rajsthan Oriental Research Institute, Jaipur.

Medinikara, 1916,Medinikosha,KSS-41.

Puroshottamadeva ,1916,Trikāndaśesa , Khemaraja Shrikrishnadasa,

Mumbai.

Patkar, Madhukar Mangesh (Ed.), 1947 ,Anekārthatilaka by Mahīpa ,

Deccan College, Pune.

Kulkarni, E.D. and Dixit M.C. (Ed.), 1971,Paryāyaśabdaratna by

Dhananjaya Bhatta, Deccan College, Pune.

Chowdhury, Tarapada (Ed.), 1946, Paryāyaratnamālā by Mādhava,

Reprinted from Patana University Journal, Vol-2, Patna.

Shastri,T.Ganapati (Ed.), 1918, Nānārthārnavasaṁkṣepa by

Keśavasvāmin,TSS-23, 29,31, Trivandrum.

Kulkarni, E. D. (Ed.), 1968, Dharaṇīkośa of Dhara ṇīdᾱsa, Part-I, Deccan

College, Poona.

Cintamani, T. R. (Ed.),1937, Nānārthasaṁgraha of Ajayapāla, University

of Madras, Madras.

B. Amarakośa (Svarādikānda) 30M

(18 hrs.)

The Amarakośa, attributed to Amarasiṁha (6th

A.D.), is a pioneer work in the

classical lexicography of Sanskrit. It is a systematic enumeration of synonyms

and homonyms of the language arranged subject-wise. The Amarakośa has

introduced the peculiar techniques of giving synonyms, word meanings and

37

marking their genders, and has paved a path for a number of other lexicons to

follow. The Amarakośa was profusely used by the poets and commentators. The

work, compiled in metrical form is divided into three Kāndas with internal parts .

The study of Amarakośa will make the students familiar with the nature and

basic principles of the classical Sanskrit lexicography; and also with the

principles of ancient Lexicography.


Acarya, Narayana Rama (Ed.), 1950, Amarakośa, Nirnayasagara

Mudranalaya, Mumbai.

SL 302 STUDIES IN ANCIENT ŚĀSTRAS

A. Suśrutasaṁhitā – Sūtrasthāna

Ṛtucaryā – 6th

chapter

20M

(12 hrs.)

Out of the 186 chapters of the treatise composed by Suśruta, divided in five

sections, the 6th

chapter of its first section deals with Ṛutucaryā .This chapter

discusses about with the concept of time, its division, divisions of the seasons in

the year, peculiarities of different seasons, accumulation, aggravation and

pacification of disorders of three humors of the body, causes of diseases and

description of different seasons. Students will get introduced to the theories

about the maintenance of health in different seasons and its planning during

changing time.


Bhishagratna, Kaviraj Kunjalal (Ed.), 2002, Suśrutasaṁhitā, 2nd

Ed.,


38

Shastri, Kaviraj Ambikadutta (Ed.), 2002, Suśrutasaṁhitā, 2nd

Ed.,


B. Bṛhatsaṁhitā – chapters 1 & 2 20M

(12 hrs.)

Bṛhatsaṁhitā is one of the important treatises related with Astronomy and

Astrology. It covers wide ranging subjects of human interests such as planetary

movements, eclipses, architecture, gems, and pearls and so on. It is composed by

Varāhamihira who is considered as one of the nine jewels in the court of

Yaśodharman (Vikramāditya). It is divided into 106 chapters. First two chapters

are included in the syllabus. First chapter is introductory while the second deals

with the qualities of an Astrologer. This study will introduce the students to the

principles of Astrology.


Bhat, M. Ramkrishna, 1981, Bṛhatsaṁhitā, Motilal Banarasidas, New Delhi.

Jha, Suryakant, 2008, Bṛhatsaṁhitā, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series, Varanasi.

Mishra, Mukundavallabha, 1967, Phalita Mārtaṇḍa, Motilal Banarasidas,

Varanasi.

Thakur, B.L., 1972, Jyotiṣa Śikṣā (Sacitra), Motilal Banarasidas, New

Delhi.

39

C. Kāmandakīya Nītisāra - Rājanīti 20M

(12 hrs.)

The Nītisāra of Kāmandaka is an epitome or summary of the Arthaśāstra. The

Arthaśāstra is the most authoritative work on the political science ever written

in India.

The Daṇḍamāhātmya (The Importance of Punishment)

The Svāmyanujīvivṛtta (The Duties of master and servant) and

The Kaṇṭakaśodhana (The Extirpation of Enemies)

The Section dealing with Daṇḍamāhātmya, „The importance of punishment‟, extols

the proper punishment and discards both soft and harsh punishments as counter-

productive. It also explains that proper punishment helps to nurture dharma, artha

and kāma.The section dealing with Svāmyanujīvivṛtta, gives elaborate discussion

on the duties of master and servant and treatment for them, their care, as well as

about their behaviour

The section Kaṇṭakaśodhana, „The extirpation of enemies‟, discusses how the king

should maintain his body and how he should punish corrupt or wicked. It also

defines dharma and adharma and corrupt or wicked people.

This study makes the students aware of the ancient ideas about adharma and

punishment for the same.


Bühler, G., 1964, The Laws of Manu, Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi.

Kane, P.V., 1930, History of Dharmaśāstra, Bhandarkar Oriental Research

Institute, Pune.

40

Shastri, T. Ganapati (Ed.), 1924, Arthaśāstra, Trivandrum Sanskrit Series

(Govt. of Travancore), Trivandrum.

Olivelle, P., 2005, Manu’s Code of Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Kangle, R.P., 1963, The Kauṭilīya’s Arthaśāstra, Text and Translation,The

University of Bombay, Bombay.

Shastri, T. Ganapati (Ed.), 1912, Nītisāra, Travancore Govt. Press,

Trivandrum.

Gurjar, J.M. (Ed.), 1877, Manusmṛti prᾱkrita bhᾱṣᾱntarasahita, Nirnaysagar

Press, Bombay.

Acarya, Narayana Ram (Ed.), 1985, The Yājñavalkya Smṛti, Nag publishers,

Delhi.

D. Mayamata – chapters 2&3 20M

(12 hrs.)

Mayamatam is a treatise of the Ancient Architecture. In order to introduce few

concepts of Ancient Architecture second and third chapters of this text have been

included in the M. A. curriculum. The curriculum carries a brief introduction on

Indian Architecture, and then the portion of the prescribed text which deals with

the concept of Vastu and Vāstu, their distinction, types of Vāstu, different

methods of examining Bhū, types of suiting site suitable to every type of person .

This study will give the students idea about the fundamental notions of Indian

Architecture.


Shastri, T. Ganapati (Ed.), 1919, Mayamatam, Government Press,

Trivandrum.

41

Acharya, Prasanna Kumar, 1993, An Encyclopeadia of Hindu

Architecture, (Mānasāra Series: Volume I and VII), Munshiram

Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

Dagens, Bruno, 1994, Mayamatam - Treatise of Housing, Architecture

and Iconography, Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts and Motilal

Banarsidass, New Delhi.

Juganu, Shrikrishna, 2008, Mayamatam, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series,

Varanasi.

(Optional papers)


SL 303 VEDA – 1, NIRUKTA, ṚKPRĀTIŚĀKHYA, VEDIC GRAMMAR

A. Nirukta – chapters 1 & 2 25M

(15 hrs.)

Nirukta is the first ancient text on the science of etymology, dealing with the

principles of phonetics and phonology. It contains the information regarding the

interpretation of Nighaṇṭu, the first Lexicon of Vedic words, formulated following

certain principles of Lexicography. In the History of Linguistics, Nighaṇṭu and its

explanatory text Nirukta are very important, as they mark the beginning of the

interpretation of the Vedic words. Tradition also counts Nirukta as one of the

Vedāṅgas, an ancillary of the Vedas for easy understanding of the words in the

Vedas, this text marks the beginning of the science of Language study and the

interpretation of ancient texts of the Ṛgveda and therefore, is important for

the learners of the Vedas.

42


Sarup, L. (Ed.), Reprint 2009, Nirukta by Yāska, Motilal Banarasidas,

Delhi.

Rajwade, V.K., 1940, Niruktam of Yāskācārya, Govt. Oriental Series,

Class A-No.7, BORI Pune.

Rajwade, V.K, 1935, Niruktāce Marāṭhī Bhāṣāntara, Ichalakaranji

Granthamala No. 9, Pune.

Mehendale, M.A., 1965, Nirukta Notes Part I and II, Deccan College

PGRI, Pune.

B. Ṛkprātiśākhya – Paṭala 1 & 2 25M

(15 hrs.)

The Prātiśākhya texts belong to the Śikṣā Vedāṅga of the Veda. This vedāṅga

consists of two types of texts namely Śikṣās and Prātiśākhyas. Basic purpose of

these texts is to preserve and protect the original speech sounds of the Vedic

pronunciation systems from deterioration and extinction. Thus, dealing with the

Vedic phonetics. Both the types of texts though do not differ much from each other

so far as their subject matters are concerned they differ in their style and practical

utility. The Prātiśākhyas, as the term suggests, are supposed to belong to their

respective branches of the Veda and do not deal with the phonetics of the Veda as

a whole. This is unlike the Śikṣā texts as some of these texts instruct on various

aspects of phonetics of the entire Veda irrespective of its various schools and some

are meant for their respective branches only.

The Prātiśākhya texts contain through discussions on the related topics. This

particular Prātiśākhya of the Ṛgvedic tradition is composed by Śaunaka. It has

three chapters and 18 Paṭalas or sub-sections. It is composed mostly in versified

Sūtra topics included in it are the technical terms, euphonic combinations, accents,

rules for cerebralization, mātrās or moras, types of words, rules for kramapāṭha

style of recitation, discussions on faulty pronunciations as well as Ṛgvedic Meters.

43

This text bears vital importance for the students of the Ṛgveda, as it facilitates

the understanding of the text more easily.


Shastri, M.D. (Ed.), 1931, Ṛgveda-Prātiśākhya (with Uvaṭa‟s Commentary),

Varanasi.

Shastri, M.D. (Ed.), 1937, The Ṛgvedaprᾱtiśᾱkhya (Tr.), MLBD,Lahore.

Maxmüller, (Ed.), 1856, Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya, (With extracts from Uvaṭas

commentary anf german translation) F.A. Brokhous, Leipzis.

Choubey, B.B., 1997, Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya, Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan,

Hoshiyarpur.

C. Vedic Grammar 30M

(18 hrs.)

Vedic Language has many peculiarities that make it different from the classical

language. To note these peculiarities and to understand the composition of this

language, its study covers the topics like phonetics, accents, nominal and verbal

declination, derivatives etc. All these peculiarities make the students aware of

the importance of Vedic Language and its place in Indo-European Linguistics

and variety of Vocabulary and its richness.


Macdonell, A.A., 1917-2004, A Vedic Grammar for Students, Motilal

Banarasidass, New Delhi.

Ram Gopal, 1965, Vedic Vyākaraṇa, National Publishing House, Delhi.

44

Arnold, E. V., 1897, Historical Vedic Grammar, Reprint from JAOS,

American Oriental Society, New Haven, USA.

Whitney, W.D., 1962, Sanskrit Grammar, Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi.

SL 304 VEDA – 2 ŚATAPATHABRĀHMAṆA

Śatapathabrāhmaṇa (Agniṣṭoma) Kāṇda 3 & 4 80M

(44 hrs.)

The endeavor to diffuse the highest sacred knowledge of the Vedas was initiated

by the Brāhmaṇa-granthas - „the first commentators‟.The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa

belongs to the Śukla-Yajurveda-Vājasaneyi-Saṁhitā. It explains the meanings of

Vājasaneyimantras serially and justifies their ritualistic employment. It consists of

100 chapters which are subdivided into 14 Kāṇḍas. As compared with treatises of

its type, it is the most famous and extensive work. It mainly deals with the

Śrautadharma which constitutes of several types of sacrifices. Agniṣṭoma the

foremost Soma sacrifice is thoroughly discussed in its Kāṇḍa 3 & 4. Agniṣṭoma is

the Prakṛti or model of all the Somayāgas. Its main performance lasts for one day.

So it is named as Ekāha Somayāga.

The main performance-day or Soma-pressing-day is named as Savana or Sutyā

day. On this day the priests prepare Soma-juice and offer it thrice in the morning,

in the afternoon and in the evening to different deities. However, its preliminary

rites go on minimum for 4 days earlier to Savana day.

Study of these details of the Somasacrifice will give the students of Vedas a

wide view of the Śrauta tradition of rituals and of understanding the Vedaas.

45


Swami, Shree Hari (Ed.), 1940, Śatapathabrāhmaṇam [With the

commentary of Sāyṇa], Laxmi Venkateshwar Steam Press, Kalyan, Bombay.

Ralph, T. H. & Griffth E. J. (Ed.), 1927, Vājasaneyisaṁhitā, Lazarus & Co.

Medical Hall Press, Banaras.

Weber, Albercht, 1859, Kātyāyanā’s Śrautasūtra, Ferd Dummler‟s

Verlagsbuchhanlung, Berlin.

Ranade, H. G., 1978, Kātyāyanāśrautasūtra with English Translation, ,

Shukrawar Peth , Tilak Road , Pune – 02

Kane, P.V. (Ed.), 1974, History of Dharmaśāstra, Vol.II, Part II, 2nd

Ed.,

Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune .

Kashikar, C. G., 1977, Śrautadharmāchī Svarūpacikitsā, University of Pune,

Pune.

Sontakke, N. S. & Dharmadhikari T. N., 1958, Śrautakośa, Tilak

Maharashtra Vidyapitha, Pune.

46

SL 305 VEDᾹNTA – 1 BRAHMASŪTRABHĀṢYA ON 2. 1

With The Commentary of Śaṅkara 40M

(22 hrs.)

With The Commentary of Rāmānuja 40M

(22 hrs.)

The Brahmasūtras of Bādarāyaṇa is one of the most important texts on the Vedānta

system. This treatise is universally recognised as the manual of Vedānta. It is a

systematised presentation of the philosophy of the Upaniṣads.

The Brahmasūtras, as the name indicates, is the text of aphorisms; its

extremely concise form allowed the teachers of several systems to interpret the

Sūtras in various ways conducive to their own system of philosophy and thus a

vast literature of commentaries was created. Among these, the commentaries of

Śaṅkarācārya and Rāmānujācārya occupied eminent position.

Śaṅkara‟s commentary is written from Advaita point of view and it

represents Absolute Monism while Rāmānuja‟s commentary advocates qualified

Monism and it explains theistic exposition. The comparison of these two stand-

points is very interesting, and makes the students acquired with two main

streams of the Indian Philosophy are still prevalent and ruling over the

idealogy of Indian Philosophy.


Brahmasūtrabhāṣya: Śaṅkara, 1999, Samata book, Chennai.

Apte, V.M. [Eng. Tr.], 1960, Brahmasūtrabhāṣya-Śaṅkara, Popular Book

Depot, Bombay.

47

Abhyankar, Vasudevashastri, 1914, Brahmasūtrabhāṣya-Rāmānuja,


Karmarkar, R. D., 1962, Brahmasūtrabhāṣya-Rāmānuja, University of Pune,

Pune.

SL 306 VEDᾹNTA – 2 SĀṀKHYAKĀRIKĀ

Sāṁkhyakārikā of Īśvarakr ṣṇa 80M

(48 hrs.)

This text belongs to the philosophy of Sāṁkhya system. The present

curriculum is designed to introduce different theories related to twenty-five Tattvas

in the Sāṁkhya system, one of the six Darśanas. Some of them are Satkāryavāda,

characteristics of the Tattvas like Prakṛti, Puruṣa, Mahat, Ahaṁkāra and the like.

Other concepts like Sūkṣmaśarīra, Sthūlaśarīra and Apavarga etc. have also been

discussed. It has also shown the relationship of the Sāṁkhya system with

Upaniṣads. Thus the students of Philosophy get deeper knowledge of one of the

ancient streams of Indian Philosophy.


Mainkar, T.G., 1972, Sāṁkhyakārikā of Īśvarakṛṣṇa with the commentary of

Gauḍapāda , Oriental Book Agency, Pune.

Tripathi, R.O. (Ed.), 1982, Sāṁkhyakārikā of Īśvarakṛṣṇa (with the

commentaries Tattvaprabhā & Yuktidīpikāvivṛti), Krishnadas Academy,

Varanasi.

48

Jha, Ganganath, 1896, Tattvakaumudī of Vācaspati Miśra, Theosophical

Publication Fund, Bombay.

Jha, Ganganath, 1965, Tattvakaumudī of Vācaspati Miśra (with critical notes

by Sharma Hardutta and Patkar M.M.), Oriental Book Agency, Poona.

Kunhan, Raja C., 1963, The Sāṁkhyakārikā of Īśvarakṛṣṇa - A Philosopher’s

Exposition, Vishveshvarananda Vedic Research Institute, Hoshiarpur.

SL 307 SᾹHITYA-1

KĀVYĀLAṀKĀRA(BHĀMAHA), MṚCCHAKAṬIKA

A. Kāvyālaṁkāra (Bhāmaha) 40M

(24 hrs.)

The Kāvyālaṁkāra of Bhāmaha is probably the oldest work on Indian theory of

rhetorics or poetics. The Indian rhetoricians had recognized the fact that figure of

speech (alaṁkāra) beautifies poetry and hence all types of poetry must consist of

figure of speech. Thus, the Kāvyālaṁkāra of Bhāmaha can safely be described as a

practical hand book in the art of poetical composition. Bhāmaha holds that word and meaning, (śabdārathau) taken together

(sahitau) constitute poetry (kāvya). The basic and fundamental theory of

Bhāmaha is that ornaments of poetry or figures of speech (alaṁkāra) are the

essential characteristics of poetry. Thus this text will introduce the learners to

the world of poetics or test criticism and will train them in understanding the

beauty of poetry.

49


Shastri, Nāganātha T.V. (Ed.), 1927, The Kāvyālaṁkāra [With Eng. Tr.],

Wallace Printing House, Tanjore.

Iyer, Narayana (Ed.) , 1952, The Kāvyādarśa, Vavilla Ramaswamishastri

and Sons, Chennai.

Sastri, W. L. (Ed.) , 1934, Śrīhemacandraviracitaṁ Kāvyānuśāsanam,


Ingalls, Masson and Patwardhan, 1990, The Dhvanyāloka of

Ānandavardhana, 1990, Harvard University press, Cambridge,

Massachusetts.

Krṣnamūrti, K., 1977, The Vakroktijīvita of Kuntaka, Karnatak University,

Dharwad.

Kunjunni, Raja, 1977, Indian Theories of Meaning, The Adyar Library,

Adyar, Madras.

Karmarkar, R.D. (Ed.), The Kāvyaprakāśa, 1950, Bhandarkar Oriental

Research Institute, Pune.

Dvivedi, Durgaprasad & Parab K.P., 1895, Kāvyālaṁkārasūtrāṇi of

Vāmana, Nirnayasagar Press, Mumbai.

Dvivedi, Durgaprasada (Ed.), 1922, Sāhityadarpṇa, Nirnayasagar Press,

Mumbai.

Abhyankar, V., 1911, Kāvyaprakāśa with Pradīpoddyota of Nāgoji,

Anandashrama Press, Pune.

50

B. Mṛcchakaṭika 40M

(24 hrs.)

The Mṛcchakaṭika belongs to the division of dramatic compositions technically

known as Prakaraṇa. The authorship of the drama goes to Śūdraka (5th

AD). The

Mṛcchakaṭika is a drama in ten acts based on the story of the love of Cārudatta, a

prominent but poor inhabitant of Ujjayini and Vasantasenā a beautiful, pure-

minded courtesan of the same city. There are two collateral episodes in the plot –

(i) love story of Śarvilaka and Madanikā, the maid of Vasanatasenā (ii) a political

revolution wherein Pālaka, a king of Ujjayini is made to descend the throne and

Āryaka succeeds him on the throne.

This drama presents an altogether different society of thiefs, burglers and

other personalities than the ideals of the so called sophisticated high society of

the time of Śudraka. Also it presents the ideas of dramatic plot consisting of

interesting through meandering events.


Godbole, Narayana Balakrishna (Ed.), 1896, The Mṛcchakaṭika by Śūdraka

(with the commentary – Suvarṇālaṅkaraṇa of Lalla Dixit & A Vṛtti by

Pṛthvīdhara), Education Society‟s Steam Press, Bombay.

Kale, M. R., 1962, The Mṛcchakaṭika by Śūdraka [Eng.Tr.], Booksellers‟

Publishing Co., Bombay.

Ryder, Arthur William, 1905, The Little Clay Cart (Mṛcchakaṭika), Harvard

Oriental Series, Cambridge.

51

Joshi, Vijaya Ramachandra, 2010, Śūdrakaviracitamṛcchakaṭikam, Suyog

Prakashana, Amaravati.

SL 308 SᾹHITYA-2

DAŚAKUMĀRACARITA, HAṀSADŪTA (RŪPAGOSWĀMĪ)

A. Daśakumāracarita- Ucchvasa -2 40M

(24 hrs.)

Daśakumāracarita of Daṇḍin is one of the most beautiful and earliest prose-work in

Sanskrit. As the title suggests, it is a story of ten princes who were friends. The text

is divided into two parts, viz. pūrvapīṭhikā and uttarapīṭhikā containing five and

eight ucchwāsas (chapters) respectively.

The second ucchvāsa in the Uttarapīṭhika is the story of the adventures of

Apahāravarman which he had to perform while he was wandering in search of

prince Rājavāhana. This story also presents a skech of a totally unknown world of

burglers and police and of all the under-world of decoits and prostitutes. It is a

masterpiece in the world of stories and Romances. It gives the aesthetic joy

through alluring diction with colourful presentation of human feelings.


Bhattacharya, Tarachanrana and Sharma Kedarnath (Comm.), 2004,

Daśakumāracaritam, Chaukhamba Prakashana, Varanasi.

52

Godbole, N.B. & Parab K.P. (Ed.), 1883, The Daśakumāracaritam, The


Buhler, George (Ed.), 1887, The Daśakumāracaritam, Government Oriental

Book Depot, Bombay.

Agashe, G.J. (Ed.), 1919, The Daśakumāracaritam, Bombay Sanskrit and

Prakrit Series, Bombay.

Pankaj, N.Q., 2002, The Daśakumāracaritam : A Critical Study, Kala

Prakashana, B.H.U., Varanasi.

B. Dūtakāvya - Haṁsadūta (Rūpagoswāmin)

40M

(24 hrs.)

Rūpagoswāmin (1550 A.D.) a devotee of Kṛṣṇa and follower of Caitanya

Mahāprabhu has written more than 32 works including Haṁsadūta.

Meghadūta of Kalidasa is the inspiration of this work. In this kavya

comprising of 142 verses, composed in Sikharini meter , a swan is made the

messenger of Radha to Krsna . Lalitā, a friend of Radha asks one swan to

convey Radha‟s condition who is suffering from longing of Krsna . This type

of literature is considered as a Sandesakavya or Dutakavya .

This work presents a combination of kāvya and bhakti- devotion,

composed in late years of the sixteenth century and makes the readers

aware of the different trends in the expression of bhakti, which were

introduced by Caitanya Mahāprabhu, through the depiction of Rasa.

53


Vidyasagar, Jivanand, 1888, Kāvyasaṁgraha (Haṁsadūta), Nutan Bharat

Press, Calcutta.

Harikrishna, Kamalesh and Pannalal (Ed. & Tr.), 1966, Haṁsadūtam,

Krishnadas ,Mathura.

Dasgupta, S. N. & De S.K., 1947, History of Sanskrit Literature, University

of Calcutta, Calcutta.

SL 309 VYĀKARAṆA-1 MAHĀBHĀṢYA ĀHNIKA – 1,

HISTORY OF GRAMMAR

AND ŚIKṢĀ

A. Mahābhāṣya (Āhnika -1 Paspaśāhnika) 30M

(18 hrs.)

Importance of the Text : Paspaśāhnika is the opening section of Patañjali‟s

commentary Mahābhāṣya on Panini‟s Astadhyayi . It deals with the introductory

topics in the study of grammar such as the subject -matter of this branch of

knowledge, the nature of Sabda - „word‟, whether words are eternal or produced,

different purposes of study of grammar , methodology of Panini‟s treatise etc . The

text serves as the best introduction for the study of grammar.


Kielhorn, F., 1985 (4th

Ed.), The Vyākaraṇa-Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali ,


54

Joshi, S.D. and Roodbergen J.A.F., 1986, Patañjali’s Vyakarana -

Mahābhāṣya Paspaśāhnika , Centre of Advance Studies in Sanskrit,

University of Pune, Pune.

Abhyankar, Vasudevashastri, 1938 (Reprint 2007), Śrīmadbhagvat-

Patañjali-viracita-Vyākaraṇa-Mahābhāṣyam I[Mar. Tr.], Deccan Education

Society, Pune.

B. History of Grammar and Śikṣā 50M

(30 hrs.)

Sources of Sanskrit grammar have been reflected in the Sanskrit literature right

from the Vedic period, though the proper system of grammar not found then.

Padapāṭḥa can be said to be the first grammatical speculation of Sanskrit grammar

found in Vedic Literature. From Padapāṭḥa to the18th

A.D., many attempts were

made to prepare different systems of grammar

This paper intends to introduce the students with the grammatical sources

traced in Vedic literature, their nature, origin and development. It aims to deal with

the historical and chronological development of Pre-Pāṇinian grammatical

systems. It also intends to deal with Pāṇinian grammatical system, its sūtra-

grantha, vārttikas, bhāṣya-granthas and different commentaries. It intends to

explain the history of post-Pāṇinian grammatical systems.

55

Śikṣā is one of the six Vedāṅgas, which tells us about phonetic instructions

in general. These are the oldest treatises on phonetics related mostly to the Vedic

Saṁhitās. The Śikṣā-granthas deal with proper pronunciation, its merits and

demerits, types of Varṇas, their place and manner of application, accents etc.

Initially Śikṣā-granthas were made to serve the purpose of proper recitation of the

Vedic mantras. So some Śikṣās belong to particular Veda also.

Moreover, the students will also know about the origin and historical

development of Śikṣā-granthas along with their objectives and contents.


Abhyankar, K.V., 2007, Prastāvanā-khaṇḍa of Patañjali’s Vyākaraṇa

Mahābhāṣya, Deccan Education Society, Pune.

Belvalkar, S.K., 1976, Systems of Sanskrit Grammar, Bharatiya Vidya

Prakashan, Varanasi.

Mimamsaka, Yudhishtira, 1963, Sanskrit Vyākaraṇaśāstra kā Itihāsa,

Vedic Research Institute, Ajmer.

Sharma, Kundanlal, 1983, Vaidika Vāṅmaya kā Vivecanātmaka Bṛhad

Itihāsa (Part 6), Viśveśvarānanda Vaidic Research Institute, Hoshiarpur.

56

SL 310 VYĀKARAṆA-2

SIDDHĀNTAKAUMUDĪ AND VĀKYAPADĪYA

A. Siddhāntakaumudī - Ajantapuṁliṅga-prakaraṇa 40M

(24 hrs.)

Siddhāntakaumudī is a prakaraṇa-grantha including all sub-sections; it has 75

prakaraṇas, i.e. sections. Ajantapuṁliṅga-prakaraṇa is one of them.

Bhattoji Dikshit (16th

A.D.) is the celebrated author of this work.

The chapter deals with the declensions of vowel-ending masculine nouns. The

chapter comprises of about 100 amphorisms (178-286). Learning about this

prakaraṇa will help the learners to understand the nominal declention in

principle and the morphological procedures involved therein.


Vasu, Shrisha Chanrda (Ed.) , 1906 (Reprint 2003) The SiddhantaKaumudi

of Bhattoji Diksit, Motilal Banarasidass Publishers, Delhi.

Sathe, Mahadeva Damodara, 1966, Vaiyākaraṇa-Siddhānta-Kaumudī (part

3), Sanskrit Pathashala, Pune.

57

B. Vākyapadīya – Brahmakāṇḍa – Kārikā 1-157

40M

(24 hrs.)

The Vākyapadīya of Bhartṛhari is an ancient treatise on the Philosophy of Sanskrit

Grammar. Vākyapadīya consists of three Kāṇḍas. Vṛṣabhadeva has commented

upon the kārikas as well as the Vṛtti and all that together constituted a single work

called as Vākyapadīya.

In the first Kāṇḍa topics related to the „word‟, „sentence‟, relationship of the word

and the meaning etc. are discussed.

This text presents the philosophy of the verbal cognition on the whole and words in

particular. Thus the student will get introduced to the philosophy of language by

learning this text.


Iyer, K.A.S., 1995 (Reprint), Vākyapadīya of Bhartṛihari with

Commentaries Vṛtti and Paddhati of Vṛṣabhadeva - Kāṇḍa I ), Deccan

College Post Graduate and Research Institute, Pune.

Bhattacharya, Bishnupada, 1985, Bhartṛhari’s Vākyapadīya and Linguistic

Manism, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune.

58

Semester IV

(Compulsory papers)

SL 401 INDO-EUROPEAN LINGUISTICS AND EPIGRAPHY

A. Indo-European Linguistics 50M

(30 hrs.)

This branch of linguistics makes an attempt to study the historical and comparative

aspects of different languages of Indo-European family. It has been introduced in

the M.A. curriculum in order to encourage the students to take up the

language study that reveals how the classical languages like Sanskrit, Greek

and Latin are linked with many Indo-European languages. Keeping this in

mind students are introduced to various features of this branch suh as:

Historical development of the linguistic study; classification of the Indo-European

languages; Indo-Aryan languages; Latin and its descendants: their characteristics

with regard to Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology, Syntax and lexical changes;

Latin, Greek and Sanskrit: their relationship; Satem theory, different phonetic laws

like Grassman‟s law, Grimss‟s law etc.; Common Germanic and its descendants:

their characteristics and so on.


1. Lockwood,W.B. 1969, Indo European Philology: Historical and

Comparative, Hutchinson University Library. London.

2. Taraporewala, I.J.S. 1962, Elements of the Science of Languages, Calcutta

University.

Calcutta.

3. Palsule, G. B. 1978, Yubhatah samskrtam Prati, Rastriya Samskrit Samstan,

New Delhi.

59

4. Ghatge,A.M. 1962, Historical Linguistics & Indo-Aryan Languages,

University of Bombay. Bombay.

B. Epigraphy 30M

(18 hrs.)

The Epigraphs included for study are

Rudradāman‟s Junagadh inscription

Samudragupta‟s Allahabad inscription

Pulakeśin II‟s Aihole incription

Prabhavatīguptā‟s Pune copper plate

Amoghavarṣa‟s Sanjan copper plate

Thus this paper makes the students aware of this branch of knowledge.

Especially the features of the language used as other information that can be

gathered from the Epigraphs. This information is closely connected with the

cultural, political and social history of ancient India. Therefore, some epigraphs are

included in the syllabus, which covers the topics such as:

Introduction

o What is Epigraphy

o Types of Epigraphs

o Importance of Epigraphs

o Early history of study of Epigraphy in India

o Origin of writing in India

o Origin and development of scripts

o Languages and scripts of inscriptions

Writing Materials

60


Sircar, D.C., 1965, Indian Epigraphy, Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi.

Vajapeyi, Krishnadatta, 1992, Abhilekha - Bhāratīya Aitihāsika, Scheme

Publication, Jaipur.

Gokhale, Shobhana, 2008, Purābhilekhavidyā, Continental Prakashana,

Pune.

Hultzsch, E. (Ed.), 1981, Epigraphia Indica (Vols. VI, VIII, XVIII),

Published by the Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India,

New Delhi.

Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum of the Archaeological Survey of India Vol.

III.

SL 402 DRAMATURGY

A. Nāṭyaśāstra - Chapter 1 40M

(24 hrs.)

Adhyaya 1 of the Nāṭyaśātra the Origin of Drama

The Science of drama (Nāṭyaśāstra) of Bharata is the earliest work on the ancient

Indian theory of drama. The Hindu theorists recognized the fact that the drama is

the reproduction of the natural behavior of men and women on stage or the

representation of human acts on stage with the help of dance (nṛtya), song (gīta)

and instrumental music (vādya). Bharata has dealt with all the aspects of drama,

including itsaesthetics given in the Rasasutra.

The first chapter of Nāṭyaśāstra mainly deals with the following aspects:

61

The production of the Nāṭyaveda including different aspects of Ṛgveda,

Yajurveda, Sāmveda and Atharvadeda, History regarding the performance of the

Nāṭyaveda with one hundred sons of the sage Bharata, The performance (prayoga)

of the Nāṭyaveda, wherein the three styles, viz. the Verbal (bhāratī) ,the Grand

(sātvatī) and the Energetic (ārabhaṭī) are used, The inclusion of the Graceful

(kaiśikī) style in the performance , the Creation of Apsarases for practising the

Graceful style , The Banner festival of Indra and the first production of drama ,

The Gods' reward of gods to Bharata‟s party , Vighnas attack of the actors , Indras

help to gods, The Origin of Jarjara , The origin of first playhouse , protection of

different parts of playhouse , Brahma' specification of vighnas and , The

characteristic of drama i.e. representation of the state of the three worlds

(bhāvānukīrtana) are also described in this chapter. Thus the student gets

traditional information about the origin and History of Indian drama.


Kavi, Ramkrishna (Ed.), 1964, The Abhinavabhārati on the Nāṭyaśāstra,

Gaekwad Oriental Series, Oriental Institute, Baroda.

Kavi, Ramkrishna (Ed.), 1926-64, The Nāṭyaśāstra, Gaekwad Oriental

Series,Oriental Institute, Baroda.

B. Mahābhārata plays of Bhāsa 40M

(24 hrs.)

Bha sa is one of the earliest dramatists in Sanskrit literature who has been honoured

with high praise by his successor dramatists. However, the plays of Bha sa were not

available till the beginning of the twentieth century. They came to light when T.

62

Gan apati Shastri found a bundle of manuscripts of Bha sa‟s plays in Kerala

including the play Svapnava savadatta, which was known to the scholars as

composed by Bha sa from the literary tradition.

The course intends to make the students aware of the Bha sa-problem and of

the position of Bha sa as an extraordinary dramatist. He has experimented with

various forms of drama enumerated as Das arūpakas by the Sanskrit poetic

tradition. The course includes six plays of Bha sa based on the story elements or

characters from the Maha bha rata, viz. Madhyamavya yoga, Pañcaratra, Dūtavakya,

Dutaghaṭotkaca, Karṇabhara and Urubhanga.

Bha sa many times modifies and developes the stories of the Maha bha rata known

and available to us. It is also expected that the students understand and judge

the form of each play on the parameters of the characteristics of each form of

drama enumerated on the treatises on Dramaturgy, and also to understand

the reasons for it for the development of the dramatic plot and intrigue in the

drama.


Devadhar, C.R. (Ed.) 1962, Bhāsanāṭakacakra , Plays Ascribed to Bha sa.

Poona: Oriental Book Agency.

Woolner, A.C. and Sarup. L.(Tr.) 1930. Thirteen Trivandrum Plays

Attributed to Bha sa. 2 Vols. London: Oxford University Press.

63

(Optional papers)


SL 403 VEDA-1

ĀPASTAMBAŚRAUTSŪTRA, GOBHILAGṚHYASŪTRA

A. Āpastambaśrautasūtra – Darśapūrṇamāsa (1.1 to 3.14) 40M

(24 hrs.)

The Āpastambaśrautasūtra belongs to the Taittirīyasaṁhitā, a recension of

Kṛṣṇayajurveda.

The religion preached by śruti is recognized as śrautadharma. It comprises of

several rites and sacrifices which can be divided in three groups, viz. seven

pākayājñas, seven haviryajñas and seven somayajñas. The Darśapūrṇamāsa

sacrifice is the prakṛti, i.e. model or archetype of all other haviryajñas or iṭṣis

known as the vikṛtis or modifications. Though named as Darśapūrṇamāsa it

connsists of 2 iṣṭis - Darśeṣṭi and Paurṇamāseṣṭi, which are to be performed on the

new moon day and full moon day, at the juncture periods of two fortnights

respectively. It is an obligatory rite for the one who establishes three sacred fires.

He has to perform it for whole of his life. The 4 priests viz. Adhvaryu, Āgnīdhra,

Hotā and Brahmā are required for its performance. The ṛks and yajurmantras are

employed in its performance.

This study of one Śrutasūtra will enhance the learner with the systematic

knowledge of applied science of ritualistic lore and the sacrifices.


Keith, Arthur.B., 1914, Taittirīyasaṁhitā (Part.1), Harvad University

press, Cambridge.

64

Garbe, Richard., 1882, Āpastambaśrautasūtra (Vol.I), Asiatic Society,

Calcutta.

Caland, W., 1921, Āpastambaśrautasūtra (Vol. I) [Ger. Tr.] ,

Vandenhock & Ruprechi, Gottingon.

Kane, P.V. , 1941, History of Dharmashastra (Vol.II.II), Bhandarkar

Oriental Research Institute, Pune.

Thite, G.U., 2004, Āpastambaśrautasūtra (Vol.I) [with Eng. Tr.], New

Bhartiya book Corporation, Delhi.

Winternitz, Maurice., 1972, History of Indian Literature Vol. I,

University of Calcutta, Calcutta.

Sontakke, N.S. & Dharmadhikari T.N. (Et.al.), 1958, Śrautakośa, Vaidika

Samshodhan Mandal, Pune.

B. Gobhilagṛhyasūtra Prapāṭhakas 1 & 2 and Khaṇḍa

9th

of 3rd Prapāṭhaka

40M

(24 hrs.)

The Gṛhyasūtra forms a part of the Vedāṅgas namely “ Kalpa” which deals with

the Vedic ritual practices and other religious performances. All major branches of

the Veda have their Gṛhyasūtras The Gṛhyasūtras carry a wider social value .

These deal with a large number of rites known as domestic rituals , to be

performed for every individual. It is less complicated and shorter than the Śrauta

counter parts. All the three types of rituals, i.e. nitya, naimittika and kāmya ,

important rites or ceremonies of the sacraments (Saṁskāras) , five great sacrifices,

various types of cooked food offerings (pākayajñas) and some desirefulfilling rites

etc. are included in these texts.

65

The Gobhil Gṛhya Sūtra belongs to the Kauthuma Śakhā of the

Sāmaveda . Most of its quoted formulas are taken from the Chāndogyopaniṣad

Brāhamaṇa or Mantra Brāhamaṇa belonging to the Sāmaveda. This text is divided

into 4 Prapāṭhakas, 39 Kāṇḍikās containing a total of 497 sūtras. It deals with the

rituals like Agnyādhāna, Vaiśvadeva Bali, Darśapurṇamāsasthālipāka, Vivāha,

Garbhādhāna upto Upanayana, Upākarma, Samāvartana, Śravaṇākarma, Ᾱśvayuji ,

Agrahāyaṇa, Aṣṭakā, Piṇḍapitṛyajña, Vāstuyajña and Madhuparka etc.

This study makes the students aware of the importance of homely sacraments

in the development of the personality of the individual through the

endorsement of the Vedas.


Thakur, Udaya Narayan Singh (Ed.), 1992, with commentary by

Satyavrata Samashrami, 1992, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan,

Delhi .

Chandrakanta, (Ed. and comm.), 1908, Tarkālankār, Calcutta ,.

Chintamani, Bhattacarya(Ed.), 1982, Gobhilagṛhyasūtra with

commentary by Bhaṭṭanārāyaṇa , Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers,

New Delhi.

Oldenberg, 1892-1864, Gobhilagṛhyasūtra [Eng. Tr.] ,Sacred

Books of the East Series, (Vol.XXX) Part II.

SL 404 VEDA – 2

KĀTYĀYANAŚULBASŪTRA,

66

ATHARVAVEDA - SĀYAṆABHĀṢYABHŪMIKĀ

A. Kātyāyanaśulbasūtra - Chapters 1& 2 40M

(24 hrs.)

The Śulbasūtras form a part of the Sutra literature. Śulbasūtra is a manual which

contains aphorisms or sutras laying down the rules for adding, deducting and

measuring areas by the use of Śulba i.e. a Cord. At present the Baudhāyana,

Āpastamba, Satyāṣāḍha, Mānava, Maitrāyaṇīya, Vārāha and Vādhūla - all

belonging to Kṛṣṇayajurveda and Kātyāyanasulbasūtra of Śuklayajurveda are

available.

The subject matter of all these Śulbasūtras is practically the same, as they

deal with the construction of vedīs, citis, pandals, places for sacred fire etc. These

works lay down the rules based on the information provided in the Saṁhitās,

Brāhmaṇas and Śrautasūtras for performing various sacrifices both nitya and

kāmya.

The Kātyāyanasulbasūtra consists of both prose and verses. There are 6

chapters consisting of 101 sūtras while the 7th

chapter consists of 39 verses. There

are commentaries of Rāma, Vidyādhara Sharman, Karka and of Mahīdhara on it.

The text describes thoroughly the creation of each and every part of sacrificial

construction along with sizes, areas, measurements and sequence etc.

It definitely focuses on the progress of Geometry and Architecture made

by our ancestors in ancient days, and on the principles of ancient science of

measurement and measures.


67

1. Kane, P.V., 1941, A History of Dharmashastra, Vol. II., BORI, Pune.

2. Kieth, A.B., 1928, A History of Sanskrit literature , Clarendon Press,

Oxford.

3. Macdonell, Arthur A., 1900, A History of Sanskrit literature, William

Heinemann, London.

4. Khadilkar, S.D., 1974, Kātāyanaśulbasūtra, Vaidik Samshodhan Mandal,

Pune.

5. Nene, Pt. Gopal Shastri, 2009, Kātāyanaśulbasūtra (with Karkabhāṣya &

Mahīdharavṛtti) (No.120), Varanasi.

B. Atharvaveda - Sāyaṇabhāṣyabhūmikā 40M

(24 hrs.)

Atharvaveda, the fourth Veda stands out as different from other three Vedas, on

account of its subject matter, nature of the hymns, and also their usages. Saṁhitā of

this Veda in the Śaunaka recension consists of 20 kāṇḍas, possessing varying

number of hymns of varying length. With the exception of some kāṇḍas this

Saṁhitā is commented upon by Sāyaṇa, the well known commentator of the Vedic

texts. He has written profusely in the form of explanatory Bhāṣyas on almost every

Veda. Following the technical method of argumentation, he explains the

importance of the Atharvaveda along with its ancillary literature which primarily

prescribe ritual for the hymns of the Atharvaveda. Sāyaṇa has given the contents

of theses texts and has elaborately explained the variety and distinct nature of the

Ᾱtharvaṇic ritual discussed mainly in these texts.

Study of this paper provides information regarding the Atharvaveda, its

ancillary literature and importance of these texts. It also gives the idea about

68

the view of a commentator about a Vedic text that is different from others in

nature.


Vishvabandhu, (Ed.), 1960-1990, Atharvaveda (Śaunakīya) with

Padapāṭha and Commentary of Sāyaṇa, Vishveshvarananda Vaidika

Research Institute, Hoshiarpur, Punjab.

Pandit, S. P. (Ed.), 1895-98, Atharvaveda (Śaunakīya) with Padapāṭha and

Commentary of Sāyaṇa, Department of Public Instruction, Mumbai.

SL 405 VEDĀNTA (PHILOSOPHY) - 1

NYĀYASŪTRA WITH BHĀṢYA

ŚLOKAVĀRTTIKA (NYĀYARATNᾹAKARA –PRATIJÑĀSŪTRA)

A. Nyāyasūtra with Bhāṣya 40M

(24 hrs.)

Nyāya is one of the six systems of thought of Indian Philosophy.Gautama, the

founder of the Nyāya system has written the Sūtras known as Nyāyasūtra or

Gautamasūtras. Its commentary is the Nyāyabhāsya by Vātsyāyana . This text deals

with the fundamental concepts of the old Nyāya system. It states the sixteen

categories (padārtha) like Pramāna , Prameya, Saṁśaya etc. and further details of

each category. However, as to the characteristics of Sūtra it is never self -

explanatory, and hence it requires some commentary for its proper understanding

or explanation. Hence the Nyāyasūtras 1.1.1 to 1.1.8 with the Nyāyabhāṣya are

included in the M.A. curriculum, to provide students a view of the method of

investigation regarding the ultimate truth and skill of argumentation.

69


Jha, Ganganatha (Eng. Tr.), 1939, The Nyāyasūtras of Gautama

(with bhāṣya of Vātsyāyana and the Vārtika of Yddyotakara),

Oriental Book Agency, Pune.

B. Ślokavārttika with Nyāyaratnākara- Pratijñāsūtra 40M

(24 hrs.)

The Ślokavārttika is the most important text for proper understanding of the

theories of Pūrva-Mīmāṁsā system of Indian Philosophy. It is written by Kumārila

Bhaṭṭa (8th

A.D.). It is an extensive commentary on the Śābarabhāṣya which is on

the sūtra of Jaimini. It establishes the theory of Pūrva-Mīmāṁsā philosophy

refuting the theories of other systems (especially Buddhist) along its way. A whole

new school named as Bhāṭṭa school of Pūrva-Mīmāṁsā came into existence based

on this work. Ślokavārttika is a commentary on the 1st pāda of 1

st chapter of

Jaiminisūtra popularly known as the Tarka-pāda. The portion prescribed for the

syllabus is the commentary on the first sūtra known as Pratijñāsūtra which states

the very aim of this system. The text is prescribed along with the authentic

commentary named Nyāyaratnākara of Parthasarathi Mishra. This will give the

students knowledge of the basics of Mīmāṁsā Darśana along with the

acquaintance with the style and philosophy of Kumārila Bhaṭṭa.


70

Sastri, Dvarakadas (Ed.), 1978, Ślokavārttika with the Commentary

Nyāyaratnākara, Ratna Publication,Varanasi.

Jha, Ganganath, 1983 (2nd

Ed. Eng. Tr.), Ślokavārttika, Sri Satguru

Publication, Delhi.

Sharma, Shyam Sunder (tr.), 2002, Ślokavārttika, Bharatiya Vidya

Sansthan,Varanasi.

Jha, Durgadhar (tr.), Ślokavārttika , Choukhamba

Publication,Varanasi.

Jha, Ganganath, 1964, Pūrvamīmāṁsā in its Sources, Benaras Hindu

University,Varanasi.

Devasthali, G.V., 1959, Mīmāṁsā the Vākyārtha Śāstra of Ancient

India, Bombay Publication Company, Bombay.

SL 406 VEDĀNTA (PHILOSOPHY) - 2

SARVADARŚANASAṀGRAHA

Sarvadarśanasaṁgraha (Cārvāka, Madhva, Pātañjala Yoga,

Śaiva)

80M

(48 hrs.)

Indian philosophy comprises of many schools of philosophy. Eminent Ācāryas

have developed their systems and established their line of thought as a distinct

school. Authors of these systems have contributed vast literature to Indian

philosophy. Mādhavācārya has tried to present collectively sixteen philosophical

systems current in the fourteenth century in the text named Sarvadarśanasaṁgraha.

It is very useful text for the students who want to get familiar with various systems.

Mādhāvācārya has mentioned important tenets and principle arguments of each

71

system with the quotations from the works of respective Ācāryas. Study of four

systems is intended in this paper.

1. Cārvāka-darśana - It is atheistic school considering wealth and enjoyment

as the only end of man denying the existence of future world.

2. Pūrṇaprajña-darśana – This system is expounded by Ānandatīrtha, i.e.

Madhva. It advocates dualism and considers Viṣṇu as the highest reality.

3. Pātañjala-darśana – Yoga system of Patañjali is theoretically not much

different from Sāṁkhya system. It explains the path of Yogic practices as

the means of controlling oneself.

4. Śaiva-darśana – This is a religious sect based on the authority of Śaiva

Āgamas. It is theistic system presenting Śiva as the principle personal God.


Abhyankar,Shastri K.V., 1978, Sarvadarśanasaṁgraha, Bhandarkar


Cowell, E.B, 1978, Sarvadarśanasaṁgraha, Choukhamba Sanskrit

Series, Varanasi.

Kangale, R.P., 1985, Sarvadarśanasaṁgraha,[Mar.Tr.] Maharashtra

Rajya Sahitya Sanskrit Mandal, Mumbai.

72

SL 407 SAHITYA – 1

MDHURĀVIJAYA, MATTAVILĀSAPRAHASANA,

BHAGAVADAJJUKĪYA-BHĀṆA

A. Madhurāvijaya 40M

(24 hrs.)

Madhurāvijayam (14th

A.D.) is a historical poem. It is perhaps the only historical

poem on South India before the 15th

Century. It is composed by the poetess Gaṅgā

Devī, who was the queen of Kampaṇa, the hero of the poem. It runs in 9 cantos. It

deals with the extension of the Vijayanagara rule into the Tamil country and the

circumstances leading to it. Major portion of the book is narration of the conquest

of Madurai by Kumara Kampana. The 1st canto of this historical poem has been

prescribed for the syllabus.

Study of this historical poem will give the account of the Historical events as

well as the pleasure of Sanskrit Poetry. This study will also prove the political

importance of a lady author.


Sastri, Potukuchi Subramanya (Ed. & Comm.), 1969, Madhurāvijayam of

Gaṅgadevī, Tenali, Tendipattanam.

Thiruvantakachari, S. (Tr.), 1957, Madhurāvijaya, Annamalai University,

Annamalai.

73

B.

Mattavilāsa Prahasana 20 M

(12 hrs.)

This play is of Prahasana type, humorous play. It is evident from the

Sthāpanā of the play that it was written by a king of the Pallava dynasty named

Mahendravikrama Varman (7th

A.D).

The drunken revelry of a Kāpālika with his female companion, his falling out with

a hypocritical Śākyabhikshu believing him to have stolen his kapāla which had

been carried away by a dog, his efforts for the settlement of disputes and finally the

recovery of the kapāla from a madman - these are in brief, the incidents that make

up the plot of this Prahasana. The style is simple and beautiful & is suited to the

humorous character of the play.

This play exhibits the atmosphere of humour, not of the royal court but in the

open air. Therefore, it is important to study it as it represents the society of

common people in the early ages of Indian History.


T.Ganapatishastri (Ed.), 1917, Mattavilasaprahasana, Govt.press,

Trivendrum.

C. Bhāṇa (Bhagavadajjukīyam ) 20M

(12 hrs.)

Bhagavadajjukīyam is one of the few best Bhāṇas in Sanskrit that have been

published so far. It is called prahasanaratnam – „the gem among prahasanas‟. The

74

play abounds throughout in a wealth of wit and humor. The language is quite clear

and simple; the ideas are refined and expressed beautifully. The characters are very

typical and in presenting them on the stage the author Bodhāyana has shown an

admirable dramatic skill.

The story is of a Parivrājaka, Ajjukā a courtesan, and the exchange of their bodies.

The spirit of comedy is maintained throughout the play. This is one of the earlier

works of its type presented in a sophisticated atmosphere and therefore, is

important for understanding the feeling of common people from the masses

not bound by the rules of royal legacies.


Parab, Kashinath Pandurang, 1941, Daśarūpakam by Dhanañjaya, with the

commentary Avaloka by Dhanika, Nirnayasagar press, Mumbai.

Achan, P. Anujan, 1925, Bhagavadjjukīyam - A prahasana of Bodhāyana

Kavi, The Office of the Paliyam, MSS. Library, Jayantamangalam.

SL 408 SᾹHITYA – 2

KĀVYAPRAKĀŚA - Ullāsa 1 & 2

KATHĀSARITSĀGARA - LAMBAKA 2

A. Kāvyaprakāśa Ullāsa 1 & 2 40M

(24 hrs.)

In Sanskrit poetics Kāvyaprakāśa is very important book written by Mammaṭa.

Kāvyaprakāśa is made of three constituent parts viz.

75

Kārikās 142 ׃ stanzas defining various topics dealt in the book.

Vṛtti ׃ A prose commentary which explaining and supplementing the kārikās and

Illustrations ׃ Stanzas mostly quoted either from the works of previous rhetoricians

or from those of well-known poets.

The entire text is divided into 10 Ullāsas out of which the first and second Ullāsas

are prescribed for the syllabus. In the first Ullāsa, Mammaṭa mainly explains

Kāvyaprayojana, Kāvyahetu, definition of poetry along with its divisions etc. In

the second Ullāsa he discusses the nature of word, its types and the power of

word, kinds of indication etc.

Kāvyaprakāśa is an all-comprehensive text dealing with the topics of poetics

and therefore marks an important stage in the history. It explains lucidly and

easily the theories so is important for the students.


Apte, V.G. (Ed.), 1921, Kāvyaprakāśa, Anandashrama Granthāvali,

Pune.

Karmarkar, R.D. (Ed.), 1933, Kāvyaprakāśa with Bālabodhini

(Sanskrit Comm. Of Vāmanācārya Jhalkikar), Bhandarkar Oriental

Research Institute, Pune.

Gajendragadkar, A.B. (Tr.), 1939, Kāvyaprakāśa (First, Second, Third

and Tenth Ullāsas), Elphinstone College, Bombay.

Jha, Ganganath , 1967, Kāvyaprakāśa with Eng. Translation,

Bhāratiya Vidyā Prakāśana, Varanasi.

Sinha, Satyavrata, 1965, Kāvyaprakāśa (with Hindi Comm. Śaśikalā),

Choukhamba Vidyabhavana,Varanasi.

76

Arjunavadakar K. S. ,Mangarulakar A. G. & Hatvalane 1962,

Kāvyaprakāśa (First, Second, Third and Tenth Ullāsas with Marathi

Translation & Notes), S.R. Deshamukh Prakashan, Pune.

Mahajan, Suresh (Tr.), 2002, Kāvyaprakāśa, Datta Mangala

Prakashana, Sangali.

B. Kathāsaritsāgara - 2nd

Lambaka 40M

(24 hrs.)

The Kathāsaritsāgara is the earliest collection of stories. Somadeva, the author has

divided his work into one hundred and twenty four chapters called Taraṅgas.

Further divisions into 18 Lambakas was made by Browchous. It is beliveded that

the ocean of stories is not original, but it is taken from Guṇāḍhya‟s Bṛhatkathā.

The general reader finds number of stories narrated here are familiar to him from

childhood. The appeal of stories is immediate and lasting. Time has proved

incapable of robbing them of their freshness and fascination. The Ocean of Stories

therefore may be regarded as an attempt to present as a single whole the essence of

that rich Indian imagination.

This paper deals with the second Lambaka named as Kathāmukha. In Kathāmukha

there is a story of Udayana, king of Vatsa and his marriage with Vāsavadattā, the

daughter of king of Mālavā named Caṇḍamahāsena.

This study will inform the learners about the ancient stories in India, found

elsewhere in different forms and will introduce to him a vast world of stories.

77


Kathāsaritsāgara By Somadeva, 1970, Motilal Banarasidas, Delhi.

Penzer, N.M. (Ed.), 2001, Kathāsaritsāgara, (Eng. tr. by C.H. Tawney),

B.R. Publishing Corporation, Delhi.

SL 409 VYĀKARAṆA (GRAMMAR) – 1

TADDHITA, PARIBHĀṢENDUŚEKHARA

A. Taddhita (Selected sūtras from Aṣṭādhyāyī and

Kāśikā)

50M

(30 hrs.)

The Aṣṭādhāyī of Pāṇini is the most complete and scientific grammar ever written

by anybody in the world. It consists of eight chapters in aphoristic form and

contains 3981 aphorisms.

The term taddhita (secondary derivations) is pre-pāṇiniyan and used

by both Yāska (Nir. II.2) and Prātiśākhya of Vājasaneyi recension (Vāja. Prāti.

I.27). Pāṇini also uses the term Taddhita without actually defining it. The term

Taddhita, however, stands for the secondary derivations which are derived from

the substantives (prātipadika) by the application of the suffixes like a, yat etc. The

number of secondary suffixes mentioned by Pāṇini is quite large there are around

1110 rules in the taddhita section which cover secondary suffixes.

Nevertheless, the term taddhita implies secondary derivatives, as evidently echoed

in the sūtra, tasmai hitam (applied to it) and there are long lists of secondary nouns

derived from substantives (prātipadika).

78

The main subdivisions of taddhita affixes are: (i) Apatyārthaka (iv.1.92 to 178) (ii)

Raktādyarthaka (iv.2.1. to 91) (iii) Śaiṣika (iv.2.92 to iv, 3, 133)

(iv) Prāgdīvyatīya (iv.3.134 to 168) (v) Prāgrahatīya (iv.4.1-iv.4.74)

(vi) Prāgghitīya (iv..4.75-iv.4.109) (vii) Ᾱrhīya (v.1.1-v.1.71) (viii)

Thañadhikārastha (v.1.72-v.1.114) (ix) Bhāvakarmārthaka (v.1.115-v.1.136) (x)

Pāñcamika (v.2.1-v.2.93) (xi) Matvarthīya (v.2.94 – V.2.140) (xii)

Vibhaktisañjñaka (V.3.1. – V.3.26) and (xiii) Svārthika (V.3.27 – V.4.68)


Abhyankar, K.V., 1961, A Dictionary of Sanskrit Grammar, Oriental

Institute, Baroda.

Katre, S.M., 1968, Dictionary of Pāṇini, Silver Jubilee Series, 53, Deccan

College Publication, Pune.

Katre, S.M. (Ed. & Tr.),1989-(Reprint 2003), Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇinī, Motilal

Banrasidass, Delhi.

Bȍhtlingk, Otto K., 1964, Pāṇini’s Grammatik, Georg olms

Verlagsbuchhandlung, Hildesheim.

Kielhorn, F. (Ed.), 1885, The Vyākarṇamahābhāṣya, Bombay.

Vasu, S.C., 1962, The Astādhyāyī of Pāṇini, [Eng.Tr.] Motilal Banarasidass,

New Delhi.

Vasu, S.C., 1962, The Siddhāntakaumudī of Bhaṭṭojī Dīkṣita, [Eng. Tr.]

Motilal Banarasidass, New Delhi.

Sathe, M.D. (Ed. & Tr.), 1968, Vaiyākaraṇa Siddhāntakaumudī of Bhaṭṭoji

Dīkṣit, Sanskrit Vidya Parisamstha, Pune.

79

B. Paribhāṣenduśekhara (Thirtyfive Paribhāṣās)

30M

(18 hrs.)

The Paribhāsenduśekhara is a treatise by Nāgeśa Bhatta (18th

A.D.). The Paribhāsas

are the conventional rules of grammar . Nāgeśa Bhatta has collected various

Paribhāsas in his book as they are either suggested by Panini himself or stated by

Patañjali or which are established through popular notions. The aim of this topic

is to introduce the student with the techniques and process of Pānini’s

derivative system.


Abhyankar, K.V. (Ed.), 1962, Paribhāsenduśekhara (Part I),


Kielhorn, F. (Ed.), 1960, Paribhāsenduśekhara (Part II), Bhandarkar


SL 410 VYᾹKARAṆA (GRAMMAR) – 2

PARAMALAGHUMAÑJŪṢĀ,

BHVĀDIPRAKARAṆA (SIDDHĀNTAKAUMUDĪ)

A. Paramalaghumañjūṣā (up to Tātparyanirūpanam )

40M

(24 hrs.)

Paramalaghumañjūṣā is authored by Nāgeśa Bhatta (18th

C.E.). This is an abridged

version of his own Vaiyākaraṇasiddhāntamañjūṣā. The text deals with the

philosophical aspect of grammar. It deals with various semantic issues like the

types of meanings, verbal meaning, nominal meaning etc. The reading of this

80

book will help the student to know the semantic theory of grammar in

particular and the Indian philosophy of language in general.


Joshi, Sadashiv Shastri (Ed.), 1946, Paramalaghumañjūṣā

Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series, Banares.

B. Bhvādi-prakaraṇa (Siddhāntakaumudī) 40M

(24 hrs.)

In Pāṇini‟s Dhātupāṭḥa are enumerated approximately 2000 roots. These roots are

divided into ten conjugations. These roots decline in ten different tenses and

moods. They are also divided into Ātmanepada (Ā.P.) and Parasmaipada (P.P).

Bhvādiprakaraṇa of Siddhāntakaumudī deals with Parasmaipadī roots from first

conjugation beginning with root bhū- and Ātmanepadī roots beginning with edh-.

In this section many different prakriyās are stated to form a finite verbal form of

the roots belonging to the first conjugation.

The study of this section will help the student to know the basic procedure of

verbal declention in every detail.


Katre, S.M. (Ed. & Tr.),1989-(Reprint 2003), Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇinī,

Motilal Banrasidass, Delhi.

Sathe, M.D. (Ed. & Tr.), 1968, Vaiyākaraṇa Siddhāntakaumudī of

Bhaṭṭoji Dīkṣit, Sanskrit Vidya Parisamstha, Pune.

81

Vasu, S.C. (Ed. & Tr.), 1962, Vaiyākaraṇa Siddhāntakaumudī of

Bhaṭṭojī Dīkṣit, Motilal Banrasidass, Delhi.

SL 411 Dissertation

Certificate Course in Research Methodology

The course includes various topics to help the students understand the process of

research and define exactly as well as set up the problem for Research. This course

includes three major aspects of research

Orientation

What is research? Definitions, Origin, Characteristics and Steps of scientific

research. Formulation of problem, formulation of hypothesis, Research design,

Sampling, collection of data, classification of data, analysis of data conclusion,

Interpretation of conclusions and report writing. Qualities of a good researcher

and Role of a research guide

Traditional research methods (10)Historical , Philosophical, Comparative,

Explanatory, Psychological, Statistical, Deductive and inductive, Metaphysical,

legal institutional, functional.Key terms in research- Investigation, Exploration,

Examination, Analysis, Hypothesis (characteristics and types), Data, Methods

and techniques,Results and findings etc.

Research process

Research area and research topic, Preparing bibliography for background reading,

Libraries, referencing, latest scholars and publications, journals. Formulating the

82

research problem.Extensive survey of relevant literature texts, manuscripts, critical

editions.Developing hypothesis, Difficulties in approaches of objectivity, Research

Design, characteristics of RD, Need of RD. Use of Dictionaries and help material.

Important dictionaries- PW, MW, Apte etc. Index literature. Defining aims and

objectives. Deciding the scope and limitations. Adopting appropriate research

methodology- Data collection, sampling technique. Content analysis and

interpretation. Writing a research proposal, Problems in writing the proposal.

Using computers in research process.

Practical work

Small projects in different subjects like preparation of the bibliography, writing a

research article etc. are carried out by the students.


George, Watson, 1970,The literary thesis, A guide to research, London

Chindhade, S & Thorat, A ,2009 , Doing Research, CPU,Mumbai,

Hunt, Andy ,2005, Your research Project, New Delhi, Foundation books.

Abdul, Rahim F. ,2005, Thesis Writing: A manual for researchers, New Age

International, Delhi.

Gibaldi, Joseph, (6th

edn. 2003) MLA handbook of writers of research

papers, MLA association, New York.

Sant , D. K. ,1988, Samshodhan paddhati,prakriya va antaranga , Pune

Vidyarthi gruha Prakashan, Pune.

Karhade ,B.M. ,2007, Shastriya Samshodhan Paddhati, Nagpur.

Kothari, C.R. , 1985, Research methodology methods and techniques.

Date post:	19-Aug-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	vankien
View:	213 times
Download:	0 times

DECCAN COLLEGE · 2 SYLLABUS Of MASTER OF ARTS (M.A.) IN SANSKRIT AND LEXICOGRAPHY AND CERTIFICATE...

Documents