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Write Smart Co. has a very specific decision making process that it follows for handling client problems that has been quite successful for the firm. The first stage is _______, in which the team members at Write Smart help the client figure out exactly what the problem is that it faces.
A) Identifying and diagnosing the problem
B) Evaluating the resultsC) Generating alternative solutionsD) Implementing the decision
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IntroductionIntroductionMaking decisions under conditions
of risk and uncertainty is one of the most important activities that managers engage in.
Generally, there is a lack of information and a limited amount of time available to make the decision.
Procrastinating and not making a decision sometimes has greater risk than making it.
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Rational Rational oror
Exercise:With your partner solve the two problems on pages 1& 2
You will have 15 minutes to complete both exercises… 6
Creative Problem Solving AssessmentCreative Problem Solving Assessment
Complete Pages 3 - 5Complete Pages 3 - 5
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Group Advantages and Disadvantages of Group Decision MakingDecision Making
AdvantagesIncreased
acceptanceGreater pool of
knowledgeDifferent
perspectivesGreater
comprehensionTraining ground
DisadvantagesSocial pressureMinority
dominationLogrollingGoal
displacement“Groupthink”
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Decision MakingDecision MakingThe process of identifying
problems and opportunities and resolving them.
Management decisions can be made by managers, teams, or individual employees, depending on:The scope of the decision, andThe design and structure of
the organization.
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ProgrammabilProgrammabilityity
UncertaintyUncertainty
RiskRiskConflictConflict
Decision Decision ScopeScope
CrisisCrisis
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Identifying Identifying and and
diagnosing diagnosing the problemthe problem
Generating Generating alternative alternative solutionssolutions
Evaluating Evaluating alternativesalternatives
Selecting Selecting the best the best
alternativealternativeImplementing Implementing the decisionthe decision
Evaluating Evaluating the decisionthe decision
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Typical problems Typical problems that require decisionsthat require decisionsA high level of employee turnover.
A reduction in firm profits.
Unacceptable levels of “shrinkage” in a store.
Lower than planned quality of finished goods.
An unexpected increase in workplace injuries.
The invention of a new technology that can increase the productivity of the workforce.
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Evaluating AlternativesEvaluating AlternativesDecision criteria should be related to
the performance goals of the organization and its subunits.
Decision criteria can include: Costs Profits Timeliness Whether the decision will work Fairness
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Evaluating AlternativesEvaluating Alternatives (cont)(cont)
A practical way to apply decision criteria is to consider:Decision quality – aspect of decision making based on such facts as costs, revenues, and product design specifications.
Decision acceptance – aspect of decision making based on people’s feelings.
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Approaches to selecting Approaches to selecting the best alternativethe best alternative
Optimizing – selecting the best alternative from among multiple criteria.
Satisfying – selecting the first alternative solution that meets a minimum criterion.
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Leader Decision Making StylesLeader Decision Making Styles
Decide and persuadeDiscover facts and decideConsult and decideConsult with group and decideGroup decision
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Skills for Decision Skills for Decision Making ProcessMaking ProcessTime management skills
To make good decisions, managers need time to understand the problem and develop creative solutions.
Delegation skillsManagers who know how to delegate
are able to accomplish more than those who feel the need to be involved in every decision, no matter how trivial.
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Why Leaders Don’t Why Leaders Don’t DelegateDelegate
Insufficient timePerception that the job is too importantLeader’s belief that he/she can do it betterLeader enjoys doing the jobLack of confidence in subordinatesFear subordinates might do job betterConcern that the Boss will think the leader
isn’t working
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Effective Time Effective Time Management PracticesManagement Practices
Plan a list of things that need to be done today.
Plan weekly, monthly, and annual schedules of activities.
Schedule difficult and challenging activities when you are at your highest level of energy and alertness.
Set deadlines.
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Effective Time Effective Time Management PracticesManagement Practices (cont)(cont)
Answer phone messages and e-mail in batches during a lull in your work schedule.
Have a place to work uninterrupted.
Do something productive during non-productive activities.
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Effective DelegationEffective Delegation (cont)(cont)
Keep communication channels open. Allow employees to do the task the way
they feel comfortable doing it. Trust employees’ capabilities. Check on the progress of the
assignment. Hold the employee responsible for the
work. Recognize what the employee has done,
and show appropriate appreciation.
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Rules for Successful DelegationRules for Successful Delegation
1. Describe the task2. Outline expected
results3. Discuss resources4. Confirm
understanding5. Solicit ideas6. Establish methods
of working and reporting
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Guidelines for Giving Guidelines for Giving DirectionDirectionUse familiar wordsDefine new termsUse logical sequencingProvide a visual model or
demonstrationCheck for understandingAllow the listener to clarify
instructions
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