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Cambodia--Independence
•French colony•Occupied by Japan from 1941-45•King Sihanouk declared it independent
after WWII and France granted it in 1953
Cambodia—Post-Independence Problems•1. Vietnam War destabilized the country
▫Tried to stay neutral▫1970-King overthrown in a coup led by
General Nol, who was supported by the US•2. Cambodian Genocide
▫King allied with (Communist )Khmer Rouge rebels to fight against Nol, causing civil war
▫Khmer Rouge eventually took power in 1975
▫Their leader was Pol Pot
Cambodian Genocide
•Renamed Democratic Kampuchea•Pol Pot instituted a radical transformation
of Cambodian society•Tried to destroy all urban and civilized life•Emptied the cities, killed all the educated
people, and everyone worked in agriculture
•1.5 million people died (out of 7 million)•Vietnam overthrew Khmer Rouge in 1979
& fighting raged throughout the 1980s
Cambodia—Post-Independence Successes•1. 1991- Peace achieved and today it is
again a constitutional monarchy•2. Still trying to rebuild from devastation
caused by the Khmer Rouge
Indonesia--Independence
•Dutch colony•Occupied by Japan from 1942-45•Indonesians fought Dutch for 4 years and
won independence in 1949•First president was Sukarno
Indonesia—Post-Independence Problems•1. Sukarno-authoritarian leader who
pushed country close to bankruptcy•2. General Suharto took power in 1965—
also authoritarian and corrupt•3. Terrorism and ethnic violence are also
problems in some areas
Indonesia—Post-Independence Successes•1. Suharto resigned in 1998 which
strengthened democratic elements•2. Under Suharto the economy revived
and Indonesia experienced substantial economic growth.
Malaysia--Independence
•British colony•Occupied by Japan 1942-45•Malayan Communist Party launched
guerilla attacks against the British to force them to leave
•Federation of Malaya became independent in 1957
Malaysia—Post-Independence Problems•1. Conflict with Indonesia over the
formation of Malaysia•2. 1965 Singapore left the Federation of
Malaya•3. Anti-gov’t rallies demanding electoral
reform
Malaysia—Post-Independence Successes•Between 1980s and 90s Malaysia
experienced significant economic growth•Focused on manufacturing & industry in
electronics and computers•Built a number of mega-projects to
showcase their increasing wealth
Vietnam—Independence
•French colony•Occupied by Japanese1941-45•Communist Ho Chi Minh led the Vietminh
in guerilla attacks against the French•1954 Vietnam temporarily divided •Elections were never held to reunite the
country because US intervention prevented a Communist victory
•US pulled out in 1973 & Vietnam was reunited in 1976
Vietnam—Post-Independence Problems•1. Lengthy Vietnam War and US use of
napalm and defoliants devastated the environment
•2. Economy was crippled•3. Communist gov’t collectivized farms
and factories so reconstruction was slow•4. Brief war with China in 1979