2
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
•Enresa •RW Management Plan
• Enresa’s Fund
•El Cabril
Decommissioning responsibility
Financial aspects
Disposal facilities for:
- LLW
- ILW
- VLLW
- HLW
- Graphite
•On selection / construction
• Green field Final site required
Strategy: The Spanish Scenario
3
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
JOSE CABRERA
2010 / 2016
PIMIC
2006 / 2010
VANDELLÓS 1
1998 / 2003
DECOMMISSIONIG PROJECTS IN SPAIN
4
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
DECOMMISSIONIG PROJECTS IN SPAIN
Madrid. PIMIC (CIEMAT) -Project length: 2006-2011 -Reactor type: Research Reactor & reprocessing facilities -Status: Site Restoration
Madrid
Guadalajara
Tarragona
Tarragona. VANDELLOS 1 NPP -Project length: 1998-2003 -Reactor type: GCR -E. Power: 460 Mw -Status: On dormancy
Guadalajara. JOSE CABRERA NPP (ZORITA) -Project length: 2010-2016 -Reactor type: PWR -E. Power: 160 Mw -Status: Preparatory activities / Conventional dismantling
5
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
15
16
79 10
8
1
12
13
2
3
4
6 5
14
11
LEYENDA 1. CAJON DE HORMIGÓN PRETENSADO 2. REACTOR 3. SUPERFICIE SOPORTE 4. CAMBIADOR 5. SOPLANTE 6. TUNEL DE VENTILACIÓN EN PARADA 7. TURBINA 8. CONDENSADOR 9. ALTERNADOR 10. TRANSFORMADOR 11. DISPOSITIVO PRINCIPAL DE MANUTENCIÓN ( DPM ) 12. MANUTENCIÓN DE ELEMENTOS COMBUSTIBLES 13. PISCINAS 14. TOMA DE AGUA DE MAR DE REFRIGERACIÓN 15. ESTACIÓN DE BOMBEO 16. EVACUACIÓN DEL AGUA DE MAR DE REFRIGERACIÓN
Vandellòs I
7
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
Decommissioning activities in Spain: PIMIC (I)
NUCLEAR REACTOR
REPROCESSING PILOT PLANT
LIQUID WASTE TREATMENT
BUILDING
LIQUID WASTE STORAGE
BUILDING
9
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
Type: Westinghouse - 1-Loop PWR
Net Electrical Power: 160 MWe
Net Thermal Power: 510 MWth
Fuel Elements: 69 – 14x14
Fuel Type: UO2 – enrichment 3,6% (U-235)
Mass UO2 (core) 20,76 t
Control Rod (Banks): 17
Reactor Vessel (Diameter): 2,82 m
Reactor Vessel (Height without Head): 5,87 m
NSSS (Diameter): 70 cm
Containment:
Reinforced concrete + Stainless Steel Head
Spent Fuel Pool:
In Containment
Final cooling:
Tajo River
INSTALLATION MAIN DESIGN DATA
José Cabrera NPP (Zorita)
11
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
DISMANTLING OF THE REACTOR VESSEL & INTERNAL ELEMENTS
MAIN CHALLENGE
13
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
DECOMMISSIONING VISION
Inputs Outputs Transformation process
+ + RESOURCES MATERIALS
1
2 3 4
5 6
DISMANTLING is not only DEMOLITION, but an INDUSTRIAL
PROCESS
1 2 3 4 5 6
14
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
DECOMMISSIONING VISION
Inputs Outputs Transformation process
+ + RESOURCES MATERIALS
1
2 3 4
5 6
DISMANTLING is not only DEMOLITION, but an INDUSTRIAL
PROCESS
1 2 3 4 5 6
15
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
Characterization
Modifications
Disassemblies
Demolitions
Site restoration
Materials Management
DECOMMISSIONING MAIN STEPS
18
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
OBJECTIVES:
Identification of the types of wastes to be generated (both
radioactive and conventional)
Quantification of the volumes of each of the waste categories
Isotopic Vectors corresponding to the existing radioactive waste
streams (Key for the determination of activity by measuring the
gamma emitters involved)
Planning of operational radiological protection
INITIAL CHARACTERIZATION
19
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
linked
To a Data Base: Physical and Radiological Inventory for José
Cabrera NPP Dismantling Project
INITIAL CHARACTERIZATION
20
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
MATERIAL Activity (Bq) Impacted Mass (kg)
Activation Contamination Total Activation Contamination Total
Steel 1,9E+16 1,3E+12 1,9E+16 1,8E+05 2,5E+06 2,7E+06
Concrete 4,8E+13 4,5E+12 5,3E+13 3,3E+05 5,9E+07 5,9E+07
Scraps iron 1,1E+09 1,1E+09 5,2E+04 5,2E+04
Electric Cables 5,4E+09 5,4E+09 9,4E+04 9,4E+04
Isolations 2,6E+09 2,6E+09 8,2E+03 8,2E+03
PVC & others 9,7E+06 9,7E+06 1,4E+06 1,4E+06
TOTAL 1,9E+16 5,8E+12 1,9E+16 5,1E+05 6,3E+07 6,4E+07
CHARACTERIZATION (José Cabrera NPP Radological Inventory)
21
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
CHARACTERIZATION
PIMIC Radiological characterization campaign
22
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
Adaptation of plant systems to the needs of decommissioning. The adaptation may be a simplification, a reinforcement or a change of layout, in order to minimize risk, interference and unavailability
MODIFICATIONS: SYSTEMS & FACILITIES
SYSTEMS
-Fire protection.
-Electrical and instrumentation
systems and control
-Ventilation.
-Water
-Surveillance and control, etc.
Adaptation of buildings and infrastructure of the plant to new uses required by the decommissioning:
AUXILIARY FACILITIES
-Access control offices, walkways to
controlled areas.
-Storage areas and waste conditioning.
-Declassification area.
-Radiation Protection Equipment and
Materials Management
23
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
MAIN STEPS: PLANT ADAPTATION (VANDELLÓS 1 NPP)
Checkpoint
Fuel tank
Portable ventilation unit
Modular Laundry Controlled area access
24
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
MAIN STEPS: PLANT ADAPTATION (JOSÉ CABRERA NPP)
Electrical System Adaptation
Fire Fight System Conditioning Ventilation System Adaptation
25
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
MAIN STEPS: PLANT ADAPTATION (PIMIC)
Building 11. Initial State Building 11. Final State
26
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
Temporary RadW Store CE-2a/b
CE-2a/b Concrete Filling Area
New Areas for Cutting & Decon
CMT Conditioning Area
Temporary RadW Store
TURBINE BUILDING MODIFICATION & ADAPTATION
PHASE 1.- PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES
27
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
After completion of the preparatory activities, the dismantling of different parts can be started
The removal of radiological systems and components is the core activity of decommissioning projects.
The materials generated should be segregated, characterized and seeded in situ to establish the appropriate management pathway by type.
The minimization of the dose received by workers and the amount of radioactive waste are the main objectives of this phase
3. DISASSEMBLIES
MAIN STEPS: DISASSEMBLIES
28
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
MAIN STEPS: DISASSEMBLIES (VANDELLÓS 1 NPP)
Computer Hall
380 V Transformer Hall
5,5 KV Transformer Hall
Relay Hall
30
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
FUEL REPROCESSING INSTALLATION
Decommissioning activities in Spain: PIMIC (II)
REACTOR POND
33
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
MAIN STEPS: DISASSEMBLIES (JOSÉ CABRERA NPP)
Turbine Building Disassembly and
Conditioning
34
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
MAIN STEPS: DISASSEMBLIES (JOSÉ CABRERA NPP)
Diesel
Main Transformer
35
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
CORE BARREL LOWER INTERNALS
UPPER INTERNALS
THERMAL SHIELD BAFFLE
REACTOR VESSEL & MAJOR COMPONENTS
FORMERS
REACTOR VESSEL
MAIN STEPS: DISMANTLING of MAJOR RAD COMPONENTS (ZORITA)
36
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
Elevation 621,600
Elevation 604,000
+614,700
Transfer Wire Basket
75 tons Crane
35 tons Crane
32 tons New Crane
CE-2a
Reinforced Bell
TRANSPORT AND WASTE PACKAGING
MAIN STEPS: DISMANTLING of MAJOR RAD COMPONENTS (ZORITA)
37
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
4.1 DECONTAMINATION BUILDING
After removal of radiological components and systems, it´s necessary to
decontaminate walls (walls, floors and ceilings) of the buildings for
subsequent demolition.
4.2 DECLASSIFICATION OF SURFACES
The application of the methodology for the declassification of surfaces
ensures the absence of contamination in the walls of buildings facing
subsequent reuse or demolition.
4.3 DEMOLITION
Once declassified, buildings will be demolished to a depth of 1 meter
below ground level.
The debris are usually crushed for reuse on site as filling material
Declassification measures
Demolition activities
MAIN STEPS: DEMOLITIONS
4. DEMOLITIONS
38
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
Decontamination
Evaporation cell soil characterization
MAIN STEPS: DEMOLITIONS (VANDELLÓS 1 NPP)
Reactor Building Characterization
Decontamination
39
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
MAIN STEPS: DEMOLITIONS (VANDELLÓS 1 NPP)
Effluent building demolition
42
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
• The purpose of this activity is to demonstrate
that the radiological content of the site in its
final state satisfies the release criteria.
If necessary, remediation work is carried out
before the final characterization
(decontamination of affected areas).
Site Characterization
MAIN STEPS: SITE RESTORATION
5. SITE RESTORATION
44
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
MAIN STEPS: SITE RESTORATION
The material obtained in demolitions is crushed and used in
site restoration works
45
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
OBJECTIVES:
To separate conventional materials from radioactive
wastes.
To control conventional materials and ensure that they
are not contaminated.
To dispatch the materials safely.
MATERIALS MANAGEMENT
46
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
HISTORICAL OPERATING
DATA
1
RADIOMETRIC STUDIES
2
ACTIVE ZONES
CONVENTIONAL ZONES
ACTIVE PARTS P.D.
CLEAN
CONVENCIONAL COMPONENT P.D.
“IN SITU” RADIOLOGICAL
CONTROL
3
+
RADIOACTIVE WASTE
DESTINATION (Administrative control)
EXIT GATE MONITORS
5
CLEARANCE
4
Disassembly & Preparation of MDC handling
Units
YES
Disassembly & preparation
MTC handling unit
EL CABRIL DISPOSAL FACILITY
TRANSPORT
NO CONDITIONING AND PREPARATION FOR
TRANSPORT
6. MATERIALS MANAGEMENT
47
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
43 t
218 t
4.000 t
4.700 t 95.300 t
175 t
MATERIALS MANAGEMENT: EXPECTED QUANTITIES
104.000 tons to manage Only 4% is radiactive All materials have a destination
49
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
Gestión de materiales convencionales
GESTION DE
MATERIALES
CONVENCIONALES
PROCEDENTES DE
PARTES ACTIVAS
50
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
6. MATERIALS MANAGEMENT
Radiological characterization with Box Counter Transfer of handling units
Loading of clered materials Dispatch of cleared materials
51
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
ZORITA DECOMMISSIONING
SPECIFIC ISSUES RELATED TO THE TRANSFER OF RESPONSIBILITY
52
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
ENRESA`s RESPONSIBILITY
OTHER RESPONSIBILITIES
ENGINEERING
& START UP
OPERATION D&D EXECUTION
PROJECT TRANSITION TO
DECOMMISSIONING
1963
STRATEGY BASIC STUDIES
DOCUMENTATION + EIS
LICENSING
D&D PLANNING
“SETTLE” PLAN
2006 1969
SITE RETURN to the OWNER
ELECTRICAL NET DISCONNECTION
NSSS DECONTAMINATION
SPENT FUEL MANAGEMENT
SPENT FUEL CASKS at the ISFI
TRANSFER of RESPONSIBILITY
(Feb, 11, 2010)
2016 2010
Build up Starting – Jul-65
1st Criticallity – Jun-68
1st Electrical Net Connection – Jul-68
Commercial Status– Oct-69
FIRST NPP IN SPAIN DEVELOPING the SPANISH NUCLEAR INDUSTRY
BASE for TRAINING
TRANSFER OF RESPONSIBILITY TO THE DECOMMISSIONING OPERATOR
53
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
Feb, 11 – 2010 – 12:05h
Feb, 11 – 2010 – 13:03h
TRANSFER OF RESPONSIBILITY TO THE DECOMMISSIONING OPERATOR
54
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
The hand over of responsibility to operate the plant is a complex situation, specific of the spanish framework, that requires plenty of planning and negotiation between the owner and the decommissioning operator (Enresa).
TRANSFER OF RESPONSIBILITY TO THE DECOMMISSIONING OPERATOR
55
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
HAND OVER PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES
1. AGREEMENTS WITH THE OWNER
2. ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN
3. PROCUREMENT OF SERVICES
TRANSFER OF RESPONSIBILITY TO THE DECOMMISSIONING OPERATOR
57
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
POLICIES
enresa
Regulatory body
General public
Former operator
•Change of role !
Local institutions
• Safety ! • Radioactive waste !
•No mistakes !
•Local employment ! •Safety !
FACTS, FEARS & EXPECTATIONS
• Sbd.else’s site
58
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
POLICIES
Engineering Project
Decommissioning Viability
Waste Mangt. organization
Policies
• Internal training • Local employment • Communication &
transparency • Safety
59
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
Communication Goal:
To Inform
To neutralize negative opinions and attitudes
Remove false expectations
To Form
COMMUNICATION AS A KEY FACTOR
62
DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN
JOSE CABRERA
2010 / 2016
PIMIC
2006 / 2010
VANDELLÓS 1
1998 / 2003
CONCLUSIONS
Lessons learned
Lessons learned
Lessons learned
Decommissioning is a complex industrial activity, plenty of technical and not technical matters, as we have seen in the previus slides. Our commitment is to constantly review and improve the model we have shown, so that can undertake with solvency our current
and future demands.
. . .