Deep Underground and Sea Nuclear Park

Accelerator Facility

Hiroshi Takahashi

Brookhaven National Laboratory

KEK FFAG 05 At KUR Dec. 4-9, 2005

ADS• Why ADS• President Carter’ s International Nuclear Fuel Cycle

Assesment (INFCE) 25 years ago.• BNL proposed LWR fuel rejouvenation • 400 MW beam (Prof. Lawrence MTA )Linac at

LNAL conference

• Director Prof. Deusche at DOE tel call to BNL director Vineyard To Fire 4 people Kouts. P. Grand, Steinberg, Takahashi. Powell

ADS (2)• Dr. Mukaiyama JAERI proposed incinerate minor

actinide by fast reactor.

• Low delayed neutrons it is dangerous to operate in critical condition.

• Phenics fast reactor sudden drop of power

• I proposed to run sub-critical condition in Ispra workshop k=0.99

• International symposium at Madrid

• Mandrion cyclotron proton beam

ADS (3)

• 0.6MW proton Beam SIN cyclotron

• FFAG for more flexible beam Prof. Mori

• POP accelerator

• 10 MW 1.5 Gev beam run 1GWe power reactor k=0.99

• advanced FFAG by Mori and Ruggiero .

• I hope to have high power 10 MW beam

Deep Underground Nuclear Park Concept

• Nuclear Energy

• LWR reactor 1GW e GE,

• Shoreham NP plant in Long Island

• North of BNL 5 miles

Underground Reactor

• A. Sachrov

• E Teller

• Sweden,

• Switerland

• Kansai Electric Power Company Study

Kannagawa Hydulic Power Plant

• 600 meter deep underground between artificial lakes of

• embedded the generator station and transformer

• embedding the reactor pressure vessel into earth through the sands or the other grout type material

TEPCO kannagawa Hydraulic Power plant

http://mocha.phys.washington.edu/NUSL/mine_chart.gif

Deep underground laboratory

• High energy physics • Geology mineralogy,• Volcano inner earth ( Nagamine pioneering work

using muon beam can be extended use of neutrino Tomography and transmutation )

• Biology. Bacteria activity in deep underground • Dr. R. Davis , Home Stake gold mine (solar

neutrino) • Prof. Koshiba, Super-Kamiokande

Deep underground accelerator facility

• Proposed for deep underground nuclear park concept for nuclear energy.

• Many advantage over near earth surface facility

• Natural shielding reduces the cost

• Fast Pulsed reactor like Dubna, Euratom, BNL ( 1000MW,peak power)

• many neutrinos produced from nuclear reaction and use of anti-electron neutrino from fission reaction similar to N.P generation of electricity ?

Heavy Metal Decay Chains

Neutron capture

(n,2n) reaction

EC

Pu240

Np239

Pu239

Np238

Pu238

U237

Np237

U236

Np236

Pu236

U235

Pa234

U234

Th233

Pa233

U233

Th232

Pa232

U232

Th231

Pa231

U231

Th230

A

a

a

a

(n,3n)

(n,3n)

(n,3n)

Cm246

Cm245

Am244

Cm244

Pu243

Am243

Cm243

Pu242

Am342

Cm242

Pu241

Pu240

Am242

U239

Np239

Pu239

U238

Am241

LHC at CERN

LHC large hadron collider at CERN

Deep underground accelerator facility(2)

• FFAG ( cyclotron 10 MW beam)

• Many detectors, accelerator can be installed

• Radiation field can be well shielded

• Contamination of water can be avoided in deep underground Even use of deep tunnel water can be handled

• Solid foundation for heavy equipment detector (50-100 ton on the solid rock)

Deep underground accelerator facility

• Proposed for deep underground nuclear park concept for nuclear energy.

• Many advantage over near earth surface facility

• Natural shielding reduces the cost • Fast Pulsed reactor like Dubna, Euratom, BNL

• generation of electricity, and use of anti-electron neutrino

Weak interaction & Nuclear Reactor Physics

• Delayed neutron

• Decay Heat for reactor safety

• Radio active waste (Managements)

Neutrino Physics

• electron neutrino

• mu neutrino

• tau-neutrino

• dark matter

• dark energy

• cosmology

• Mexico montrrey symposium Feb, 2005

High beam physics

• Quantum physics

• Condensation of beam

• Quantum condensation

• Coherent sate description ( classical )

• Multi phase analysis due to quantum

• Quantum Field Theory (String theory application)

Deep Underground Accelerator Facility

• Deep Underground Nuclear Park

• many possibility

• earth shielding

• high intensity : Protect from radiation

• Pulsed fast reactor (Dubna, Euratom Ispra, BNL)

• provides many energies of neutrinos

Deep Underground Accelerator Facility

• Well shielded, no earth mound ( Expensive)

• Many detectors can be installed in close to neutrino source

• High intensity, short experiments time

• Get high resolution data

• Electricity from fission power from target reactor ( economical)

Pulsed fast reactor

• Dubna type pulsed reactor

• supercritical by reflector rotation

• Euratom (ISPRA)

• BNL after HFBR

• Spallation neutron source (1-10 MWe)

• Fission energy

• Power generation possible

Pulsed fast reactor

• Low energy Neutrino, Many energy spectrum from Fission products and decay products,

• Instead of commercial Nuclear Power Plant Reactor (Kamiokande)

Pulsed fast reactor(2)

• Well defined Neutrino Source We can calculate it by neutrino production taking account many channel process similar to cascade calculation, but it need the sophisticated model for weak interaction like beta decay study. Higgs field analysis

Low energy neutrino

• High Intensity neutrino than NPT ( short distance, Variety of neutrino from many decay process) many correlation functions can be obtained by small volume detector has been explored in research on the dark energy, axion detection

Beta Decay analysis

• Long history reference, Profs. Wu, and Moshinsky. Morita, Yamada

• Fermi Theory

• Weak interaction still going on research work, cosmology, gravity , super string theory.

Super computer

• Tera flop computer

• IBM- BNL _Riken Collaboration

• QCD molecular Dynamics

• quantum computation

• Entangled state, super radiant state squeezed state,

• interaction between super strong laser and particle

Formalism

• Hamiltonian

• Lagrange formula

• Feynman path integral formalism.

• Stochastic quantization

• quantum fluctuation computation

• quantum noise, not complete random, structure spectrum in polymer

Double beta decay

• Dirac neutrino• Mayorana neutrino• Symmetry Violation • CP violation • Electro-Baryon • g-2 experiments • Beyond Standard model• Loop diagram

Axion , dark matter and dark energy detection

• University Chicago

• Si technology, Multi- cell detector

• Detector technology, Cell phone, digital camera,

• multi channel, multi- modal,

• communication through using module

• Group theory, set theory, new mathematics

Neutrino Tomography

• Using high energy neutrino

• neutrino from super-nova

• neutrino from LWR power plants,

• medium size detectors (Nano-Technology)

• using low energy coherent neutrino reaction

Neutrino from pulsed reactor in deep underground

• Short pulsed fission reaction milli sec width

• pulsed length can be changed

• by using the proper elements, we can make many kind neutrino source energy spectrum

• delayed neutron decay heat study was extensively done with our safety study ( Yamada group, Japan nuclear data center

Nuclear Data center accumulating many data of

• Beta, alpha, gamma transition, but not neutrino data

• Neutrino data is not obtained due to small cross section, but it can be obtained by taking the correlation functions in many channels, theory is not well developed yet, This can be explore with quantum field theory developed for string theory in near future.

Detector Technology

• Cherenkov counter

• Si-Ge

• Cd-Te

• Nano-Technology

Double Beta Decay Search using Cd Te Detectors

• Cobra 5 b-b- 4 b+b+

• 116 Cd 130 Te

• Majorana neutrino mass <1 eV

• K Zuber ( univ Dortmund Germany)

• nucl-ex /05018v1

Proximity Focussing Ring Imaging Cherenkov Counter

• Astro-ph/0201051

• T. Thuiller, et al

• PMT

• pattern recognition

• homeland security

Nuclear Reactor Safeguards and Monitoring with Anti neutrino Detectors

• IAEA

• nue +n-> e+n .

• 239Pu, 235U

• neutron capture such as Cd, Cl, Li

• tight time coincidence

• high energy (~8 MeV, capture signature )

• GEANT, GFLUKA, GCALOR CODES

Nuclear Reactor Safeguard and Monitoring Antineutrino Detector

• Sandia Lab IAEA for non proliferation.Pu and U235, beta decay of neutron rich fragments in Heavy element fission

• cubic meter size.

• nue+p-- e+ n , 1.81 MeV

• Large neutron capture G a, Cl or Li

• San Onofre NP

• small size detector organic sintilator, bio-compatible scintillator phenylxylylethan

• A,A,Hahn, (Phys. Lett. B218(1989) 325, BR. Davis

Algebra operator formalism

• Commutator

• non Abelian

• factorization.

• Polynomial formula

• algebraic curve

• function form.

Non linear formalism

• Algebraic curve

• multi dimension

• many kind manifold

• Rieman geometry

• gravity~Curvature, Ricci tensor, flatten space for linear formalism

• neighbor ball , connection curve.

Formalism of differential geometry

• Ricci tensor

• number theory

• fractional number

• measure theory, dimension theory,

• stability, singularity, surgery, horizon

• polarization

• outer multiplication, inner products, scalar vector space tensor formalism

Deep underground laboratory

– Physics , chemistry biology, nuclear engineering , cosmology dark matter

– Geology seismic study, earth science, magma earth tectonic study. Earth movement volcano study by muon beam or neutrino beam

– Transportation. Civil engineering mega city,

Coherent neutrino

• Low energy long wave length

• reaction are coherent

• Increase the cross section

• detector technology

• Chicago University, New nano-technology

• axion cherenkov radiation.

• Green function formalism

Quantum Theory Free Electron Laser

• 1978 paper, but It was not well accepted.

• Neutrino cross section is very small ,but the coherent cross section

• miller, focussing of neutrino is possible.

• I am interested in low energy neutron rather than high energy neutrino pursued in high energy community,

Quantum Theory Free Electron Laser

• Two times Green function method

• Su(2), SU(3)

• Non linear interaction

Weak interaction

• Fermi theory

• Gammow Teller theory to

• Quark physics

• Flavor Change

• B physics. To refine the theory

• Low energy physics vs High energy physics K meson ,

Neutrino physics

• Neutrino oscillation/

• KMS theory

• high energy neutrino

• low energy neutrino beta-decay

• decay process.

• Combined with pulsed reactor

• High neutrino intensity, short distance between source and detector

Neutrino reaction mechanism

• SU(3) based group theory.

• SU(2) +,- charge

• high energy neutrino

• tricolor

• Quantum field theory,

• Sting theory, differential geometry.

• Higgs field formalism, super gravity formalism.

Reactor physics

• JAERI

• Heterogeneous system

• Integral Transport Theory. Grpha,code.

• Simple geometry, Slab lattice. Cylindrical lattice,

• Neutron Thermalization. Neutron Scattering Kernel

Reactor physics

• Nuclear cross section

• resonance escape probability

• Wigner’ formalism, Brigit Winger type cross-section

• Winger Innonu

• Group theory low level state

• IBM model

• Nuclear physics

Nuclear physics

• Wood saxon potential • nuclear reaction theory• randum matrix formalism porter Dyson meta

resonance distribution.• Particle , Point is not • non local theory Yukawa• missing energy by Pauli s formalism neutrino

Nuclear physics

• Bohr-Wheeler

• fission reaction

• deformed liquid drop model

• many shape

• Ternary fission

• Dumb bell shape

• internal coordinate, multi dimension

Coordinate

• String theory• algebraic curve, • not straight line,• continuous , analytic, Caucy theory, gauss• pole branching points,• Manifold, non-local theory. • Lattice gauge theory• QCD lattice, Computation ( Si technology)

Quantum theory of free electron laser

• Matsubara Two times Green function method ( condensed matter physics, Linear response theory, Prof. Kubo. Van Hove theory)

• Non linear , • Extend the space to multi dimensional space

theory.• Differential Geometry. Geometric

Universe(Roger Penrose)

Quantum Field Theory and string theory

• Yang Mill’gauge theory

• boundary of boundary is zero

• closed manihold .

• Twister integrable system and soliton, instanton

• Framings, SU(2) - SU(3) invariance

• Super-complex manihold, Holonomy, and Hyper- Geometric function.

Conformal Theory

• Einstein’s equation and Conformal Structure

• twister 3-dimensional space times

• integrable Yang-Mills Higgs system

• Duality, triality. Kobayashi-Masukawa KMS (theory)

• 4 dimensional Einstein Manifold.

Particle beam Physics,

• FFAG , Induction accelerator • beam spill, quantum mechanical formalism.• Quantum fluctuation to Classical, plasma

oscillation • free electron quantum formalism, using the

Matsubara two time’s green function method. High module formalism application of the quantum field theory

• Number Theory, Modern mathematics.

Weak interaction (2)

• Fast pulsed reactor for neutron

• Much higher power and neuron flux

• Generating the power same time

• Neutrino from Reactor Kansai Power company

• TEPCO underground hydraulic power plant

• Many tunnels

Neutrino Physics

• Neutrino Oscillation

• Davis , Home-Stake Gold mine

• Deep underground

• Neutrino Detector, Mirror,Focusing

• Coherent Scattering and Absorption

• Geological anormaly(Earth Quake, Tsunami)

• Volcano( Nagamine), Pilamid

Beta Decay Theory

• Fermi., Gamow-Teller interaction (classical) Long history in weak interaction.)

• Lee Yang parity non conservation

• Co60 experiments by Prof. Wu

• proper Lorentz transformaton

• I= S.V.T, A, P ,scalar, vector, time reversal,axial vector, parity

• neutrino helicity, polarization

Deep Sea Exploration

• Deep sea vents

• No digging earth

• Repair ( Fuel Exchange) can be done at dry dock

• Submarine type operation but no air space, embedding in sea water

• disposal into sea bottom?

Deep sea nuclear power plant.

• Submarine technology. Clean up of Russian sub,

• embedding submarine no clue automatic operation. Maintenance at dry dock by sub-marged reactor.

• Very thin pressure vessel.

• To prevent the ocean water, it should be operated well protected bay

Deep sea NP.

• Economical, explore sea bottom, magma, earth science study

• Japanese Chikyuu project for deep hole program

• Neutrino detector program • Earth science • volcanic activity and the relation with seismic

analysis earth quake study

Deep Sea embedded reactor

• Deep sea neutrino experiments or bottom of ice-field.

• Save the digging ground cost

• But should not contaminate the sea water by accident need the tunnel in sea bottom.

Conclusion

• Deep underground is another Frontier

Neutrino Geophysics 2005

• Honolulu, Hawaii De.14-16, 2005

• Davis,