Date post: | 27-Jun-2015 |
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Defence spectrum useChanging technologies and applications
CAPT Paul Scott, RAN
Chief Information Officer Group
Department of Defence
Chief Information Officer Group
Overview
Chief Information Officer Group Organisation
Defence spectrum requirements
Defence spectrum sharing
Challenges for Defence
International experience
Conclusions
Chief Information Officer Group
ICT Operations Division
Responsible for delivery of the Defence Single Information Environment:
– global end to end capability including the provision of:• satellite communications• electromagnetic spectrum• networks to support military operations
Chief Information Officer Group
Defence need for spectrum
Sensors– Threat detection requirements– Increased use in battlespace (e.g.
Counter-Rocket, Artillery, Mortar C-RAM mission)
Communications– Voice, Data and Video (e.g. UAV impact)– Network Centric Warfare
Weapons– Force Protection– Increased use in battlespace (e.g.
Counter-Improvised Explosive Device C-IED)
– Spectrum dominance; at Defence’s time, place and frequency of choice
Chief Information Officer Group
Defence White Paper
Electronic Warfare (EW)“8.16 Understanding, controlling and shaping the electromagnetic spectrum has become increasingly important to winning on the modern battlefield. Advanced systems will provide improved protection and advantages for our forces by jamming, suppressing or otherwise denying an adversary the full use of the electromagnetic spectrum.”
– Defence White Paper 2013, page 77
Chief Information Officer Group
Air
F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter (JSF)
– Fifth generation fighter
– Advanced electronic warfare capabilities
– Highly advanced Communication, Navigation and Identification (CNI) suite
– Active, Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) Radar
• enables sophisticated electronic attack capabilities
• allows F-35 to operate without dedicated electronic attack aircraft support
Chief Information Officer Group
Air
– Advanced Data Links• high-data-rate, directional comms link• can serve as a communications gateway
for various other platforms (eg providing shared operational picture)
– Sophisticated usage of EM spectrum– Software-Defined Radio (SDR) technology
• reduced hardware requirements• highly configurable
Chief Information Officer Group
SeaS-band phased array radar
– AN/SPY-1D(V) – Air Warfare Destroyer
– CEAFAR – ANZAC Class (FFH) Frigate Anti-Ship Missile Defence Upgrade
High power, medium to long range surveillance
Radars provide
– air defence for:
• accompanying ships
• land forces
• infrastructure in coastal areas
– self-protection against missiles and aircraft
Chief Information Officer Group
Land
Radios developed under the US Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) program being introduced into the ADF
– Software-defined– Wide tuning range– Can be reconfigured to support different modulation and coding
schemes (waveforms)For example: Harris AN/PRC-117G
– 30–2,000 MHz– Applications
• Narrowband voice• Streaming video eg from UAV• Narrowband satcom• Text messaging
Chief Information Officer Group
Military VHF30 88 230 400 520 MHz
Military UHF
520 3600 MHz9001800
21002.3 GHz
850700 2.5 GHz
3.5 GHz
TV
S-Band RadarL-Band Radar
Wi Fi
Radio TV
Telemetry
GPSLink-16
Defence Licensed
Defence shares with other users
Mobile Phones / Wireless Broadband
Broadcasting Other Civilian Uses
Sharing is a reality
Chief Information Officer Group
Future developments
Major Defence capability systems designed to be in-service for 30 years or more
– Mid-life upgrades are often difficult and costly– Contrasts with modern commercial
communications technologies which can see generational change every 5 years
Conventional capabilities remain vital and will require ongoing access to spectrum
– HF communications– VHF combat-net radios– Aeronautical navigation systems and radars– X and Ka-band SATCOM
Defence systems will increasingly leverage commercial technologies, but will continue to lead where required by military-specific applications
Chief Information Officer Group
International comparisons
Similar challenges faced by militaries worldwideAustralia shares similarities with US and UK; however there are important differences:
– Key bands for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)• 2.3 GHz• 3.5 GHz
– US, UK militaries have significant access– In Australia, Defence has no special access rights – these bands have been
available for IMT for many yearsCreates challenges for Defence requirements to access spectrum in the 2–4 GHz “sweet spot” for applications such as
– UAV data links– Video– Telemetry
Spectrum sharing innovations are a focus for organisations such the US Defense Advanced Projects Research Agency (DARPA)
– http://www.darpa.mil/spectrumchallenge/– But the leap from proof of concept to in-service in the US, let alone the ADF can be
extremely difficult
Chief Information Officer Group
Conclusions
Defence spectrum requirements are growing– New technologies and requirements for data exchange
• eg JSF– Capability upgrades and interoperability requirements driving ADF closer to allies
in terms of spectrum requirements• US in particular
Sharing isn’t easy– Requires
• More detailed data on requirements and use• Additional management overhead
– Defence is working to build its spectrum management capabilities• Increases resilience of ADF capability• May open opportunities for sharing
– Can not rely on technology aloneSpectrum regulatory framework will need to evolve to facilitate greater levels of sharingCooperation necessary to ensure access meets the requirements of all users