DEFENSE MECHANISM OF AMBA REFLECTED IN LAKSMI
PAMUNTJAK’S THE QUESTIONS OF RED NOVELS (2014):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Derpartment
by
FITRAH ABDUL KAHAR
A320120255
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2017
vi
MOTTO
“Because one day you leave this world behind, so live a life you will remember.”
Avicii
“Don’t worry about the failures, worry about the chances you miss when you don’t
even try.”
“Allah intends for you ease, and He does not want to make things difficult for
you.”
Quran 2:185
vii
DEDICATION
Sincerely, the researcher would like to dedicate
this research paper to:
My Beloved Father in Heaven, My Mother Hj. Jawariah, My Brother Amar
Ma’ruf and Muamar Kadafi, and also My Big Family in Bima.
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikumWr. Wb.
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin. All praises belong to Allah SWT to his
blessing and mercies given to the researcher, he can complete his research paper
entitled DEFENSE MECHANISM OF AMBA REFLECTED IN LAKSMI
PAMUNTJAK’S THE QUESTIONS OF RED NOVEL (2014) :
PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH . In conducting this research, the researcher got
some helps from many people. On this best occasion, the researcher would like to
express his deepest gratitude and appreciation to the following people:
1. Allah SWT
2. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum., Dean of School of Teacher Training
and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
3. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D, Head of English Department Muhammadiyah
University,
4. Dr. Abdillah Nugroho, M. Hum. as the consultant who has patiently guided
the researcher in arranging this work, provided time for consultant, and gave
the researcher nice suggestion,
5. Nur Hidayat, M. Pd. as the academic consultant who has given the researcher
guidance as long as she studied in Muhammadiyah University,
6. All lecturers of English Department, for being good educators, guide, and
mentor,
7. his best gratitude for his beloved parents Bapak Ruslih in heaven and Ibu Hj.
Jawariah “thanks for big love, prayers, support, motivation, and everything
during his life,”
8. his beloved brother Amar Ma’ruf and Muamar Kadafi who have given love,
care, prayers, and support. “Thanks for everything,”
9. Someone who cannot be mentioned by name, that give great support.
10. his big family, who have given care, prayers, and support. “Thank you,”
ix
11. Thanks to his Family who contributed during his study H. Muhtar and Hj.
Sukiati, Raodah (Bibi Dau), Halimah (Dae Lamu), and others who cannot be
mentioned one by one.
12. Thanks to his beloved friends in Genk, Wahyu Setiawan, Pandu Herwinanda
Putra, Fachruddin Aji Muhriffin, Dedik Saputro, Tomi Juniarta, Nidaul
Khoiriah, Cynthia Putri, and also Innayatul Maula.
13. Thanks also to EMPEROR Family.
14. Those who cannot be mentioned one by one toward their support to the
researcher completing this research,
The researcher considers that this research paper is far from being perfect.
Therefore, suggestion and criticisms are welcome and accepted. He hopes that this
research paper would be valuable for readers.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, 3, October, 2016
The Researcher,
Fitrah Abdul Kahar
x
SUMMARY
FITRAH ABDUL KAHAR. A320 120 255. DEFENSE MECHANISM OF
AMBA REFLECTED IN LAKSMI PAMUNTJAK’S THE QUESTIONS OF
RED NOVEL (2014): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH.
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA, OCTOBER, 2016
This research aims to analyze defense mechanism of Amba, reflected on
Laksmi Pamuntjak’s The Questions of Red novel, the purpose of the research is
reveal what is defense mechanism, what kind of defense mechanism and how is
defense mechanism reflected in Laksmi Pamuntjak’s novel using Psychoanalytic
Approach. The type of this research is qualitative research. The researcher took the
data from the novel include the narration, monologue, and dialogue. The techniques
of collecting the data is using library research, and the technique of the data analysis
is using descriptive analysis which comprises procedures: data collecting, data
display, and conclusion. Problem statement of the research is: 1) What kind of
defense mechanism done by Amba. 2) Why does Amba choose that way to face her
problem or anxiety.. 3) The results of defense mechanism chosen by Amba and the
result of this research show: 1) Amba’s ego defense mechanism leads her to become
an independent woman and has a high self confidence. The ego defense mechanism
lately can become her friends to through her life, 2) the use of the ego defense
mechanism gives strength to Amba to face her problems.
Keyword: Defense Mechanism, psychoanalytic approach, The Questions of Red.
Consultant
Dr. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum.
NIK. 589
xi
RINGKASAN
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tentang Defense mechanism
yang terdapat dalam novel The Question of Red karya Laksmi Pamuntjak, penelitian
ini bertujuan untuk memahami dan mencari tahu tentang apa saja jenis defense
mechanism, faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi munculnya defense mechanism dan
bagaimana pengaruh defense mechanism terhadap Amba yang terdapat dalam novel
The Questions of Red karya Laksmi Pamuntjak. Penelitian ini menganilisis masalah
defense mechanism menggunakan Psychoanalytic Approach, jenis penelitian ini
adalah penelitian kualitatif, dimana peneliti mengambil data dari novel berupa narasi,
monolog dan dialog. Teknik pengambilan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini
adalah teknik deskriptif: Hasil dari penelitian yang di dapat oleh peniliti adalah: 1)
Defense mechanism membuat Amba menjadi orang yang mandiri dan percaya diri.
2) Defense mechanism memberikan kekuatan kepada Amba dalam menghadapi
masalahanya.
Consultant
Dr. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum.
NIK. 589
xii
CONTENT
TITLE .................................................................................................................. i
DECLARATION ................................................................................................ ii
APPROVAL ........................................................................................................ iii
ACCEPTANCE .................................................................................................. iv
TESTIMONIAL .................................................................................................. v
MOTTO .............................................................................................................. vi
DEDICATION .................................................................................................... vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................. viii
SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ x
RINGKASAN ..................................................................................................... xi
CONTENT .......................................................................................................... xii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ..................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ............................................................. 1
B. Previous Study ............................................................................. 4
C. Problem Statement....................................................................... 5
D. Limitation of the Study ................................................................ 5
E. Objective of the Study ................................................................. 6
F. Benefit of the Study ..................................................................... 6
G. Research Method ......................................................................... 7
H. Paper Organization ...................................................................... 8
CHAPTER II UNDERLYING THEORY ........................................................ 10
A. Notion of Psychoanalytic Theory ............................................... 10
1. Structure of Personality ......................................................... 11
2. Anxiety ................................................................................. 14
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3. Defense Mechanism .............................................................. 17
B. Structural Element of the Novel .................................................. 24
C. Theoretical Application ............................................................... 27
CHAPTER III STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS .................................................... 28
A. Structural Element of the Novel................................................. 28
1. Character and Characterization ............................................. 28
2. Setting .................................................................................. 56
3. Plot ........................................................................................ 58
4. Point of View ......................................................................... 64
5. Style ....................................................................................... 65
6. Theme .................................................................................... 68
B. Discussion .................................................................................. 69
CHAPTER IV PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS ......................................... 75
A. Analysis of Amba’s Personality ....................................................... 75
B. Anxieties of Amba ........................................................................... 90
1. Realitic Anxiety ........................................................................ 90
2. Neurotic Anxiety ....................................................................... 91
3. Moral Anxiety ........................................................................... 91
C. Defense Mechanism ......................................................................... 92
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ..................................... 98
A. Conclusion ............................................................................... 98
B. Suggestion ................................................................................ 100
BIBLIOGRAPHY
