Date post: | 21-Jan-2018 |
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ID
• Pleasure principle• Important in early stages of life• Seeks instant gratification• Disregards consequences• Irrational and not based on reality
If needs and desires are not fulfilled then it creates tension and anxiety.
SUPEREGO
• Plays moralizing roles• Ideal you• Contains traditions of family and society • Violation of the superego’s standards results
in feelings of guilt or anxiety
What happens when ego cannot deal with id and super ego?
•ANXIETY
• The ego then employs a defense mechanism to help reduce these feelings of anxiety
Denial
• In many cases, individuals may deny reality completely.
• Many a times, people reduce the intensity by admitting to the fact but denying its seriousness.
• E.g. A chain smoker may admit that she is addicted to smoking but argues that nothing will happen to her
• Different from lying• It is an unconscious refusal to
admit or to recognize something that has occurred or is currently occurring.
• e.g. terminal illness diagnosis-check and recheck
Subtypes
Intellectualization
• Intellectualization means separating/avoiding from the stressful, emotional content and focusing on the facts or the intellectual component of a situation.
• E.g. terminal illness Focus on clinical data (no sadness/grief)
RationalizationMaking logical excuses for ones mistakes
When confronted by success or failure, people tend to attribute achievement to their own qualities and skills while failures are blamed on other people or outside forces.
2 types:1.Silver lining e.g. dint want this job anyway2.Sour grapes phenomenon
Undoing
• Taking back something that is unacceptable or hurtful
Damage Control
e.g. insulting a friend then praising them for an hour
Suppression• We choose to push
unwanted information out of our awareness consciously
• Impulse is inappropriate for the situation e.g. cant fight with my wife, guests are around
Repression• Unconsciously
forgetting unpleasant thoughts, feelings or impulses.
• E.g. no recollection of abuse in childhood
• Different from routine forgetting-(no recall)
Sublimation
• To transform conflicted emotions into productive outlets
• It channels our energy away from destructive acts and into something that is socially acceptable and/or creatively effective.
• e.g. Aggression-Gym
Reaction Formation
Reaction formation means expressing the opposite of your true inner feelings in your outward behaviour. Unconsciously hide true feelings
E.g. dislike someone but behave in an overfriendly mannerLustful feelings towards someone become hatred
DisplacementDisplacement occurs when we shift our emotions and actions from the actual desired target to a substitute target
Even dreams can be interpreted as the displacement of stored tensions into other forms (dreams are often highly metaphoric) e.g. a mouse hitting a dragon with a hockey stick.
Compensation• Counterbalancing weakness by focusing on
strength areas
• E.g. I’m good at football not studies, so I focus too much on football
Regression
Reverting to age inappropriate behaviourPrevious developmental stage (childhood) can be safer-moving there eases people outE.g. adolescent engages in bedwetting due to fear/anxietyafter getting a deadline for multiple assignments, employee curls up in the bed after coming from work.
Projection
Introjection is the opposite of projection - subconsciously "takes in" to self an imprint (or recording) of another person including all their attitudes, messages, prejudices, expressions, even the sound of their voice, etc.
Taking our own unacceptable qualities or feelings and ascribing them to other people e.g. she has a problemThe result is we can then be hurt or angry with them for their audacity of having these thoughts or feelings about us