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Defensive driving
INTRODUCTION
Educating with values
The traffic is done by people. nd! as with other hu"an activities!
four princip
les are i"portant to the relationship and social interaction in
traffic.
The first is the dignity of the hu"an person! which derive fro"
hu"an rights and values and attitudes funda"ental to the de"ocratic
social life! such as "utual respect and re#ection to discri"ination
of any $ind! attitude necessary to pro"ote #ustice. The second
principle is the e%uality of rights. Everyone has the opportunity to
e&ercise full citi'enship and! therefore! you "ust have e%uality! ie
the need to consider the differences in people to ensure e%uality
which! in turn! is based on solidarity. nother is that of
participation! which #ustifies the "obili'ation of society to
organi'e itself around the traffic proble"s and their conse%uences.
(inally! the principle of shared responsibility for social life!
which concerns the for"ation of attitudes and learning behaviorsneeded to enhance traffic safety! the reali'ation of the right of
"obility for all citi'ens and re%uire govern"ent actions to i"prove
the spaces public.
)
*ehaviors e&press principles and values which society constructs and
referenda!
and that each person "a$es for hi"self and ta$es to the road. The
values! in tur
n! e&press the contradictions and conflicts a"ong social groups and
even a"ong t
he roles each person plays. *e +fast+! +s"art+ and +ta$e advantage+or +ta$e the
car as status+ values are present in the society.,*ut they are
untenable fro" t
he standpoint of the needs of collective life! health and rights of
all. -e need
change. Change behavior for a collective life with %uality and
respect re%uires
an awareness of the issues involved in social life! so that live
traffic. It is
the choice of principles and values that will lead to a "ore hu"an
traffic! har"onious! safer and fairer.
INTRODUCTION
Ris$s! ha'ards and accidents
In everything we do there is a dose of ris$/ whether at wor$! when
we fi&ed so"e
thing at ho"e! playing! dancing! practicing a sport or even passing
through the
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city streets. -hen a situation of ris$ is not perceived! or when a
person can no
t see the danger! the chances of an accident happening. Traffic
accidents result
ing in da"age to vehicles and their loads and generate in#ury to
people. Needles
s to say that they are always bad for everyone. *ut you can help and
collaborate
to reduce losses/
0
the suffering of "any people! caused by deaths and in#uries!
including physical
se%uelae and 1 or "ental! often irreparable! financial loss! loss of
inco"e and
wor$ absenteeis"! legal constraints! for police investigations and
court proceed
ings! which "ay re%uire pay"ent of da"ages and even #ail those
responsible.
0
0ccident does not happen by chance! by the wor$ of fate or by chance.
23
E&pensive for *ra'ilian society to pay the da"ages in accidents/ an
esti"ated 23
billion reais! every year! that could be tapped! for e&a"ple! to
build thousand
s of housing units to i"prove the lives of "any *ra'ilians. It is
therefore esse
ntial to prepare the drivers for safe behavior in traffic! given the
guideline o
f +preservation of life! health and environ"ent+ of the NationalTransit. nd th
is occasion is an opportunity you have to read carefully this
didactic "aterial
and $now and learn how to avoid dangerous situations in traffic!
decreasing the
chances of accidents. 4tudy it well. 5earn the concepts of Defensive
Driving wil
l be good for you! your fa"ily! your friends and to his country.
22
Defensive Driving
Defensive driving or safe driving! is the best way to drive andbehave in traffi
c! it helps preserve the life! health and the environ"ent. *ut what
is defensive
driving6 It7s how to drive! allowing you to recogni'e dangerous
situations in a
dvance and predict what "ay happen to you! with their co"panions!
with his vehic
le and other road users.
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(or this you need to learn the concepts of defensive driving and use
this $nowle
dge effectively. lways drive carefully! in order to predict in
advance what to
do and "a$e the right decisions to prevent accidents. The first
thing to learn i
s that an accident does not happen by chance! by the wor$ of fate or
chance. In
"ost accidents! the hu"an factor is present! ie it is for drivers
and pedestrian
s a good deal of responsibility. Every tragic occurrence! they are
predictable!
preventable. The ris$s and dangers to which we are sub#ected in
transit are rela
ted to/
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9ehicles: The conductors: The Roads Transit! Environ"ent! *ehavior
of people.
5et us e&a"ine separately the principal ris$s and dangers.
Crossing the street in full is the right of the pedestrian. Respectit.
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=ourself Ba can observe the operation of your vehicle! whether the
particulars
of the panel! or by a si"ple visual inspection/
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(uel/ see if the panel is shown in enough to reach the destination:
level of bra
$e fluid! engine and power steering! observe their tan$s! as owner7s
"anual: oil
level in the trans"ission syste" Be&change for vehicles with
auto"atic trans"i
ssion! see the reservoir level. In the other vehicle! loo$ for lea$s
under the v
ehicle! the radiator water/ water in refrigerated vehicles! see the
level of the
reservoir water! -ater 4yste" Cleaner -indshield/ ?a$e sure the
water tan$: -ip
er *lades -indshield / change! if they are dry: Dese"bacador front
and rear Bif
any/ "a$e sure they are functioning properly: Operation of
headlights/ visuallychec$ if everyone is lighting Blights low and high d#ust"ent of
the headlight
s/ "a$e by s$illed professionals: (lashlights front and rear
direction indicator
lights! bra$e light and taillight/ visual inspection.
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The habit of regular preventive "aintenance and generate savings and
avoid traff
ic accidents.
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0
0
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ion. The function of grooves is correct to allow the flow of water
to ensure per
fect tires. adherence to the floor and safely in case of floor
wet.
0
Defor"ations in housing/ see if the tires do not have blisters or
cuts. These de
for"ations can cause an overflow or a rapid loss of pressure.
Di"ensions Irregul
ar/ Do not use tires of different si'es of "odel or "anufacturer7s
reco""ended t
o not reduce the stability and wear other suspension co"ponents.
0
=ou can identify other proble"s tire easily. 9ibration of the
steering wheel ind
icate possible proble"s with the wheel balancing. 9ehicle pulling to
one side in
dicates a possible proble" with the tire or align"ent of direction.
ll this can
reduce the stability and bra$ing capacity of the vehicle.2
Re"e"ber that all of these reco""endations also apply to spare tire
Bspare! in
vehicles where it is re%uired.
4afety belt
The seat belt in place to li"it the "ove"ent of the occupants of a
vehicle in ca
se of accidents or a sudden stop. In these cases! the belt $eeps
people if in co
nflict with the internal parts of the vehicle or being thrown out of
it! thus reducing the severity of possible in#uries. (or this! the belts "ust
be in good re
pair and all occupants "ust use the"! including the rear seat
passengers! even p
regnant wo"en and children. lways "a$e an inspection of the belt:
0
4ee if the belts have no cuts! not to brea$ in an e"ergency: Chec$
if there are
no folds to prevent the perfect elasticity: Test the loc$ to see if
it wor$s per
fectly: ?a$e sure your seat belts for rear seats are available foruse to the oc
cupants.
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0
Correct use of the belt/
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4et fir"ly to the body! leaving no gaps: The botto" band should be
below the abd
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o"en! especially for pregnant wo"en.
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f the direction and "a$e the preventive actions within the ti"e
specified in the
"anufacturer7s "anual! with speciali'ed staff.
5ighting 4yste"
The lighting syste" of your vehicle is essential! both for you and
see your path
! and to be seen by other road users and thus ensure safety in
transit. No light
ing! or with poor lighting! you "ay be a cause of collision and
other accidents.
Chec$ out and avoid the "ain events/
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Disc pads and e&penses/ chec$ with a %ualified professional: spent
Canvas/ Chec$
with a %ualified professional.
0
-hen you go through local or soa$ed with puddles of water! using the
vehicle wit
h bra$es canvas! you "ay e&perience "o"entary loss of efficiency of
the bra$e sy
ste". Observing traffic conditions on site! reduce your speed and
step on the br
a$e pedal a few ti"es to return to nor"alcy. In vehicles e%uipped
with *4 Bcent
ral electronics that receives signals fro" the wheels and handles
the pressure i
n the cylinder and the control of the bra$es! preventing wheel loc$
chec$ in th
e panel! the indicator light of proble"s in functioning. -hen
driving! avoid sud
den bra$ing use both! as unnecessary! because it wears faster
co"ponents of thebra$e syste". Hust drive carefully! observing the signs! laws and
traffic condit
ions.
To bra$e safely we "ust be alert. Geep safe distance and bra$es in
good conditio
n.
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foot on the pedal when you7re not using: Use shoes that are well
fastened to hi
s feet!,so you can throw the pedals %uic$ly and safely: @ut your
seat belt! so t
hat it fits tightly to your body. The lowest band "ust pass through
the region o
f
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0
88
abdo"en and the transverse band pass on his chest and not on the
nec$:
0
4tay in position to see clearly the infor"ation panel and always
chec$ the opera
tion of "a#or syste"s such as the engine te"perature.
@roper use of "irrors
The "ore you see what happens around you while driving! the greater
the chance o
f avoiding danger. On vehicles with rear internal! sit in thecorrect position a
nd set it in a position that gives you a broad view of the rear
window. Do not p
lace luggage or ob#ects that i"pede your vision through the
rearview! the outsid
e rearview! left and right! should be ad#usted so that you! sitting
in the "anag
erial position! sees the rear li"it of your vehicle and thereby
reduce the
The correct position while driving produces less physical wear and
increasing your security.
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f all the things we have to do behind the wheel. This happens after
auto"atic re
peat often the sa"e "otions and procedures. This! however! hides a
proble" that
underlies "any accidents. Under nor"al conditions! our brain ta$es a
few tenths
of a second to register the i"ages you see. This "eans that as you
are careful w
hen driving a vehicle! there will be! in a short space of ti"e!
situations you c
an not observe. ?oving vehicles constantly change their position.
(or e&a"ple! t
he )3 $" per hour! a car travels 88 "eters in one second. If an
e"ergency occurs
! between perceiving the proble"! deciding to stop! drive the pedal
and the vehi
cle stops co"pletely! it will ta$e at least AA "eters.
Concentration and refle&es di"inish "uch with alcohol and drugs. The
sa"e happen
s if you do not sleep or sleep poorly.8A
If you are #ust unable to concentrate or focus entirely on the
direction! their
nor"al reaction will increase! "a$ing the ris$ of traffic dangers on
the road. 4
o"e of the factors that decrease your concentration and slows the
refle&es/
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Consu"ing alcoholic beverages: Using drugs: Using "edication that
"odifies the b
ehavior! according to his doctor! "ust have participated recently indiscussions
with strong fa"ily! wor$! or for any other reason: 4taying too long
without sle
ep! or sleep too little sleep badly: Eating too heavy! entailing
drowsiness.
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Drin$ing alcohol or using drugs not only reduce the concentration
affects "otor
coordination! changes behavior and decreases perfor"ance! li"itingthe perceptio
n of danger and reducing the capacity of action and reaction. Other
factors that
reduce the concentration! although "any do not reali'e this/
0
Use the phone while driving! even hands free operation: -atching T9
on board to
direct: 5isten stereo volu"e that does not allow to hear the sounds
of his vehic
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le and others:
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nstantly change lanes! overta$e by right circular velocities
inco"patible with s
afety! travel between "oving vehicles and without $eeping safe
distance have res
ulted in a disturbing increase in "otorcycle accidents across the
country. ?any
deaths and serious in#uries that cause per"anent disability and that
could be pr
evented si"ply with a safer direction. If you drive a "otorcycle or
"oped! thin$
about it and be sure to follow the guidelines below/ 4afety
re%uire"ents for dr
ivers of "otorcycles and "opeds/
0
It re%uired the use of safety hel"et for the driver and passenger:
It re%uired t
he use of protective "as$s or goggles! is forbidden to transport
children under
F years old! is "andatory for headlights on when driving! day or
night:0 0
0
8)
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Overta$ing should always be done by the left! the speed "ust be
co"patible with
the conditions and circu"stances at the ti"e! within the li"its set
by the rules
of the road! Do not ride between lanes of traffic: Use plain
clothes! both the
driver as the passenger: Re%uest to +ride+ that "ove the body thesa"e way as th
e driver to ensure stability in curves: wheeled! "otori'ed! up to 3cc should conduct
this type o
f vehicle the right of the roadway! preferably in the center of thetrac$ to the
right or the right edge of the runway where there is no shoulder or
he designed
the band itself! The circulation of "opeds in the fast lane and on
the sidewal$
s of urban streets.
0
?otorcycles are vehicles li$e the other/ they "ust respect the speed
li"its! "ai
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ntain safe distance! #ust beyond the left and not "oved between
vehicles.
8
TRN4IT ROUTE
@ublic highway is the area where passing vehicles! people and
ani"als! including
the roadway! the sidewal$! the sidewal$! the island and the central
plot. Can b
e urban or rural areas Broads or highways. Each route has its
characteristics t
hat "ust be observed to reduce the ris$ of accidents.
4peed (astening
=ou have an obligation to drive at a speed co"patible with the
conditions of the
road! respecting the speed li"its. lthough speed li"its are those
in signs! th
ere are certain circu"stances in the snapshots of the road
conditions > traffic!
weather conditions! obstacles! crowded places > that re%uire you to
slow down and redouble their attention to driving with security. The higher the
speed! the
greater the ris$ and "ore
;3
4erious accidents are greater and the possibility of death in
traffic. The ti"e
gained by using a higher speed is not worth the ris$ and stress. (or
e&a"ple! th
e )3 $" per hour you are driving along a distance of 3 $ilo"eters
in ;F "inutes
and 233 $" per hour will ta$e you ;3 "inutes to travel the sa"edistance.
Curves
Rounding a bend! we feel the effect of centrifugal force! the force
that +plays+
out of the curve and re%uires so"e effort not to let the vehicle out
of the pat
h. The higher the speed! the "ore we feel that force. It can get to
the point of
ta$ing control of the vehicle! causing a rollover or crossing the
runway! colli
sion with other vehicles or running over pedestrians and cyclists.The "a&i"u" p
er"itted speed on a curve ta$es into account geo"etric aspects of
trac$ construc
tion. (or your safety and co"fort! trust signaling and adopt the
following proce
dures/
0
4low down in advance! using the bra$e and! if necessary! reduce the
"arch! befor
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e entering the curve and start "ove"ent of the steering wheel: 4tart
"a$ing the
curve s"ooth and continuous "ove"ents with the steering wheel!
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0
TRN4IT ROUTE
accelerating gradually and respecting the speed li"it. s the curve
is finished!
return the shuttle to the starting position! also with s"ooth
"ove"ents:
0
5oo$ to the curve! "oving as little as possible the wheel! avoiding
sudden "ove"
ents and fluctuations in direction.
4lopes
=ou reali'e that the front has a steep slope/ before the descent
begins! test th
e bra$es and hold the shifter in a reduced gear engaged during the
descent. Neve
r get off the vehicle disengaged. *ecause! if necessary! you willnot get the en
gine7s power to help stop or reduce speed and the bra$es "ay not be
enough. Do n
ot turn off the engine when going downhill. -ith it off! the bra$es
do not wor$
properly and the vehicle can reach speeds uncontrolled. ?oreover!
the direction
"ay loc$ if you turn off the engine.
@assing
-here there are signs prohibiting overta$ing! not e&ceed it. The
signal is the representation of law and has been deployed by service personnel who
have calcula
ted that this stretch is not possible to overta$e! because there is
danger of an
accident.
;8
In sections where there is signaling allowing the e&cess! or where
there is any
$ind of signage! if not e&ceed the range of reverse flow is free!
and even then!
only ta$e the decision considering the power of your vehicle and thevehicle sp
eed that go ahead. On slopes e&ceeding only when it is available the
third trac$
! designed to slow vehicles. bsence of this trac$! follow the sa"e
guidelines a
s above! but consider that the re%uired power of your vehicle will
be higher tha
n in flat trac$. To bridge! turn left arrow! change the trac$ to a
safe distance
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fro" the vehicle in front and only return to full nor"al traffic
when you can s
ee the vehicle e&ceeded the rearview "irror. The slopes! the speeds
of all vehic
les are "uch larger. To overco"e! ta$e e&tra care with the speed
necessary to ov
erta$e. Re"e"ber that you can not e&ceed the speed li"it along that
stretch of t
rac$. Other vehicles "ay want to pass hi". ?a$e it easy to
overdrive! $eeping th
e speed of your vehicle or even reducing it slightly.
Road narrows
ny narrowing of the trac$ increases ris$s. *ridges narrow or no
shoulder! wor$s
! collapsing
Ta$e your ti"e. -ait a safe condition and allowed to "a$e the
overdrive.
;;
TRN4IT ROUTE
barriers! the presence of ob#ects on the trac$! for e&a"ple! causingnarrowing.
Once you see the sign or notice the narrowing redouble their
attention! reduce s
peed and gait and! when possible the passage of only one vehicle at
a ti"e! wait
for the opportune "o"ent! with alternating passing other vehicles
that co"e int
o effect opposite.
Coasting
It is a part of the trac$! but differentiated fro" the roadway!
designed to stopor par$ vehicles in an e"ergency situation! the "ove"ent of
pedestrians and bic
ycles in the latter case! when there is no appropriate place. It is
forbidden to
traffic with auto"otive vehicles on the roadside as this can cause
accidents wi
th pedestrians or other vehicles stopped for pedestrians or
cyclists. Can occur
in stretches of the road leveled the shoulder in relation to traffic
lane! a +st
ep+ between one and;A
another. In these cases! you "ust redouble your attention.
Concentrese align"ent
of the road and stay at a safe distance fro" its li"it! preventing
the wheels f
ro" falling on the side and this "ay cause a runaway vehicle. If you
"ust stop a
t the side! loo$ for a place where there is no gap or it is reduced.
If it is e&
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tre"ely necessary to stop! slow down first! as gently as possible to
avoid causi
ng accidents with vehicles that co"e bac$ and signal with the arrow.
fter stopp
ing the vehicle! signal with the triangle of safety and turn signals.
Condition of floor traffic lane
Undulations! holes! elevations! slopes or changes in the type of
flooring can de
stabili'e the vehicle and cause loss of control. @ass through holes!
dips or bu"
ps can cause i"balance in your vehicle! da"age co"ponents or "a$e
you lose drive
ability. lthough you "ay worsen the proble" if incorrectly use the
bra$es or "a
$es a sudden "ove"ent with the direction. Reali'ing these
occurrences in advance
on the trac$! slow down! using the bra$es. *ut! avoid punch the"
while passing
through the holes! dips and bu"ps! because this will increase the
i"balance of the whole.
It is forbidden and dangerous travel by road.,It is "eant for
e"ergency stops an
d the traffic of pedestrians and cyclists.
;
TRN4IT ROUTE
E&cerpts slippery
The friction of the tire with the ground is reduced by the presence
of water! oi
l! clay! sand or other li%uids or "aterials in lane and that loss of
adhesion can cause slippage and lac$ of vehicle. lways $now the condition of
the pave"ent
of the road and loo$ for "atching its speed to that situation. void
abrupt chan
ges of speed and sudden bra$ing! which "ade it difficult to control
the vehicle
under these conditions.
4ignaling
The signal is a co""unication syste" to help you drive safely. The
various types
of signs showing what is allowed and what is forbidden to do! warnof dangers o
n the road and also indicate the following directions and points of
interest. Th
e signal is designed based on engineering and hu"an behavior!
regardless of the
individual s$ills of the driver and the particular state of
conservation of the
vehicle. (or this reason! you should always respect the signs and
ad#ust their b
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ehavior to the li"its of your vehicle.
;
4idewal$s or @ublic Tours
The sidewal$s are for the e&clusive use of pedestrians and can only
be used by v
ehicles for access to lots or garages. Even in these cases! the
vehicle traffic
on the roadway should be done with great care not to cause tra"pling
of pedestri
ans. 4topping or par$ing of vehicles on the sidewal$s re"oves itself
fro" the pe
destrian area! leading hi" to transit traffic lane! which clearly is
in danger o
f being run over. (or this reason! it is prohibited the circulation!
stopping or
par$ing of "otor vehicles on sidewal$s. =ou should also $eep an eye
on streets
without sidewal$s! or when they are under construction or
deteriorated! forcing
pedestrians to wal$ on the roadway.The sidewal$s are public sidewal$s or pedestrian spaces.
;F
TRN4IT ROUTE
Trees 1 vegetation
Trees and vegetation in the central beds of boulevards or sidewal$s
"ay hide sig
ns. -hy not see these signs! "otorists can be induced to do tric$s
that bring da
nger of collisions between vehicles or running over pedestrians and
cyclists. No
ticing trees or vegetation that "ight be covering up the signs! toredouble thei
r attention to reducing the speed to be able to identify
restrictions on "ove"en
t and thereby prevent accidents.
Intersections between roads
t a crossroads! the "ove"ent of vehicles and persons not change at
any "o"ent.
The "ore crowded! there will be "ore conflict between vehicles!
pedestrians and
cyclists! increasing the ris$s of collisions and pedestrian
accidents. It is very co""on! too! the presence of e%uip"ent as +public phones+! poles!
garbage cans
! newspaper rac$s and even with advertise"ents! with the corners!
thus further r
educing the perception of "ove"ents of persons and vehicles. Thus!
when approach
ing an intersection! regardless of whether any type of signal! you
"ust redouble
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your attention and to slow the vehicle. lways re"e"ber a few basic
rules/
0
If no signal! the preference of passage is the vehicle approaching
the intersect
ion fro" the right:
;)
0
If the 4TO@ sign in its sense of direction! you "ust stop! see if
you can cross
and only then "ove the vehicle! a roundabout! the preference of
passage is the v
ehicle that is already circulating in it:
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uch "ore puddles. In this situation to redouble their attention!
turn the light
low light! increase the distance fro" the vehicle ahead and slow
down until you
feel co"fort and safety. void stepping on the bra$e abruptly! not
to loc$ the w
heels and not leave the vehicle s$idding! loss of adhesion. If your
vehicle has
*4 bra$es Bwhich leaves no loc$ the wheels! apply the force on the
pedal holdi
ng it down until your total control. In the case of rains of hail
Bhail! the be
st thing is to stop the vehicle in a safe place and wait for your
order. It does
not last long under these circu"stances.
A3
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Under "ist or fog! you should i""ediately turn the light low light
Band if you h
ave or fog la"ps! increasing the distance fro" the vehicle ahead
and reduce you
r speed until you feel "ore security and co"fort. Do not use high
bea"s because
it reflects light in water droplets! and further reduces visibility.
Re"e"ber th
at in those circu"stances the pave"ent is wet and slippery! reducing
the grip of
the tires.
In fog! slow down and use the low light of the -ind very strong
winds! reaching
his "oving vehicle and beacon.
can "ove it causes the loss of stability and lac$ of control! that
"ay cause col
lisions with other vehicles or even rollovers. There are stretches
of highway wh
ere strong winds are fre%uent. Jet used to observe the "ove"ent of
vegetation onthe ban$s of the trac$. It is a good guideline to identify the
strength of the
wind. In so"e cases! these pieces are "ar$ed. Noting
A8
If you e&perience difficulty in continuing traveling! stop in a safe
place! li$e
a gas station. *ecause of poor visibility in fog is generally not
safe to stop
on the roadside. Use the shoulder only in e&tre"e cases and
e"ergency use in the
se cases! the turn signals.strong "ove"ents of vegetation or seeing the signs corresponding to
slow down an
d do not be surprised to "aintain stability. -inds can also be
generated by the
air displace"ent of other larger vehicles at speed in the sa"e
direction or oppo
site direction of traffic! or even outside of tunnels. The speed
should be reduc
ed! adapting itself to start the engine to decrease the li$elihood
of destabili'
ation of the vehicle.4"o$e fro" forest fires
The s"o$e produced by fires in the grounds outside the trac$ causing
reduced vis
ibility. ?oreover! the soot fro" the fire can reduce the adhesion of
the surface
. In cases of fires! redouble your attention and reduce speed.
Connect the low l
ight of the lighthouse and then to go up in s"o$e! do not stop the
vehicle on th
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e trac$! because with the lac$ of visibility! other drivers can not
see hi" stan
ding on the trac$.
5ight condition
The lac$ or e&cess of light can increase the ris$s in traffic.
4eeing and being
seen is a basic rule to a safe direction. Chec$ how to act/
A;
T
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Under these conditions! as i"portant as seeing! is also being seen.
t the sligh
test sign of poor lighting illu"inates the low bea".
0
4lope of 4unlight
In the early "orning or late afternoon! the sunlight +$noc$ on the
guy.+ The sun
! due to its inclination! can cause glare! reducing your vision.
Needless to say
! this presents a danger of accidents. 4earch plan your #ourney to
avoid these c
onditions. The glare can also happen by the reflection of the sun in
so"e polish
ed ob#ects! li$e bottles! cans or windscreen. In all these
conditions! reduce ve
hicle speed! use the drop>sun Bvisor internal protection or even a
protective e
yewear Bsunglasses and try to observe a reference to the right
lane. The blurri
ng "ay also occur with the "otorists co"ing in the oppositedirection when they
are having the sun in the front. In this case! redouble your
attention! slow dow
n to your co"fort and safety and the low bea" lights to ensure you
are seen by t
he". t intersections with traffic lights! the sun! to cover against
the spotlig
hts! can prevent you fro" properly identifying the signaling. In
these cases! sl
ow down and step out! until you are sure indication of the se"aphore.
AJENER5 RU5E4 ND OT"otori'ed and pedestrian safety. Reduce
speed when p
assing a transportation vehicle Bbus that has stopped "a$ing the
boarding or di
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se"bar$ing passengers
A
-ait for a safe opportunity and allowed by signaling to "a$e an
overta$ing while
driving on roads with double sense of direction and one lane in
sections on cur
ves and slopes. Do not overta$e vehicles on bridges! overpasses and
pedestrian c
rossings! e&cept if signaling per"its.
On a highway to "a$e a left turn or a return! wait for a safe
opportunity to the
road. No shoulder on highways! follow the signs indicative of
per"ission. Do no
t sla" on the bra$es your vehicle! e&cept for safety reasons. Do not
stop your v
ehicle at intersections! bloc$ing the passage of other
5arger vehicles are responsible for the safety of s"aller vehicles.
AF
JENER5 RU5E4 ND OT
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raffic! as the shopping centers! super"ar$ets! sports venues! etc..
Geep a safe
distance fro" the vehicle in front. good distance gives you ti"e
to react and
apply the bra$es before an e"ergency situation and there is ti"e
A
JENER5 RU5E4 ND OT the rule of
two second
s > which can help you "aintain a safe distance fro" the vehicle in
front/ 2. Ch
oose a fi&ed point of the roadway 8. -hen the vehicle that will pass
in front of
the fi&ed point! start counting:
3
;. Count two seconds slowly. n easy way is to rely on string si&words +fifty>o
ne! fifty>two.+ A. The distance between your car and going forward
will be safe
if your vehicle passes by the fi&ed point after the count of two
seconds. . Oth
erwise! slow down and do a recount. Repeat until you establish a
safe distance.
void collisions! $eeping safe distance.
(or vehicles over si& "eters in length or in the rain! increase the
ti"e of coun
ting/ +fifty>one! fifty>two! fifty>three.+2
RE4@ECT T
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"ono&ide has no s"ell! is tasteless and colorless! it is difficult
to identify
the" by people. *ut it is e&tre"ely to&ic and cause di''iness!
vertigo! changes
in central nervous syste" and can be fatal in high doses! indoors.
The sulfur di
o&ide present in the co"bustion of diesel! causing runny nose!
phleg" and irreve
rsible da"age to the lungs and can also be fatal in high doses.
catalyst Bin vehicles
where it is
e&pected .
0 0
0
0
;
RE4@ECT T
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=ou and the environ"ent
The dirt thrown in the street or on the edges of highways sti"ulates
the prolife
ration of insects and rodents! which favors the trans"ission of
contagious disea
ses. Other "aterials du"ped into the environ"ent! such as cans and
plastic bottl
es ta$e a long ti"e to be absorbed by nature. 9ery e&pensive for
society to $eep
public spaces clean and restore the affected nature. Therefore/
0
Geep garbage bags inside the vehicle. Do not throw garbage on the
road! in vacan
t lots or in the vegetation alongside the highways! du"ps should be
transported
to pre"ises. Do not throw rubbish on roads and their "argins: In the
event of an
accident involving transportation of ha'ardous "aterials Bche"ical!
fla""able!
to&ic! try to isolate the area and prevent the" fro" reachingrivers! springs!
and flora: ?a$e "aintenance! repair and cleanliness of the vehicle
in a proper p
lace. Do not pour oil or discarded "aterials in the trac$ and in
public spaces:
*y observing situations that violate nature! foul public places or
that they can
also cause ris$s to traffic! re%uest or cooperate in its re"oval or
cleaning. T
he public space belongs to everyone! do your part "aintaining the"
clean and "aintained.
0
0
0
0
0
A
=ou and your relationship with the other
In the Introduction! we tal$ about the relationship of people in
transit. To i"p
rove the living and %uality of life! there are so"e principles thatshould for"
the basis of our relations in transit/
0
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It is able to e&ercise full citi'enship through e%uity! ie the need
to consider
the differences in people to ensure e%uality! solidarity reasons.
0
@articipation
It is the principle underlying the "obili'ation of people to
organi'e the"selves
around traffic proble"s and their conse%uences for society.
0
Co>responsibility for social life
*ehaviors needed to enhance traffic safety and the reali'ation of
the right of "
obility for all citi'ens. *oth the govern"ent and the people have
their share of
contribution to a better and safer transit. Do your part.
Respect for hu"an solidarity and har"ony "a$e traffic safer.
*REC< ND @EN5T=
-hen a driver does not co"ply with the laws of any ite" he is
co""itting a traffic infraction and is sub#ect to the penalties provided in the ct
9iolations als
o typically generate traffic accident ris$s. (or e&a"ple/ Do not
respect the red
light at an intersection "ay cause a collision between vehicles or
run over ped
estrians or cyclists. The traffic violations are classified by their
severity in
light! "ediu"! serious and very serious.
@enalties and d"inistrative ?easures
Every violation is punishable by a penalty. fine! for e&a"ple.4o"e offenses!
in addition to the fee "ay have an ad"inistrative conse%uence! ie!
the traffic a
gent should adopt +ad"inistrative "easures+ whose goal is to prevent
the driver
continue driving in irregular circu"stances.
d"inistrative "easures are/
0 0 0
Retention of the vehicle! re"oval of the vehicle: Collection
Docu"ent7s licenseBor CN< @er"ission to Drive Collection of certificate of license:
transship"ent
of e&cess load.
0 0
@enalties are as follows/
0 0 0 0 0 0
9iolating traffic laws is also a ris$ factor for accidents.
-ritten warning! fine! suspension for driving: sei'ure of the
vehicle! enabling
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the docu"ent Cassation: (re%uency co"pulsory refresher course.
(or e&a"ple! driving faster than the "a&i"u" allowed in "ore than
83K on highway
s! has as its conse%uence! besides the penalties Bfines and
suspension of drivin
g! also the recollection of a %ualifying docu"ent Bad"inistrative
action.
9alues and scores of fines
Jravity Jrave grave Ta$e verage @rice U.4. L ;.83 U.4. L ).2;
U.4. L 28F. U
.4. L 22.A @ts ; A F
F
*REC< ND @EN5T=
If you reach 83 points will have their drivers7 license suspended
for one "onth
to one year! as deter"ined by the transit authority. To score
points! is conside
red the su" of violations in the last year!,to count down the date
of the last p
enalty received. (or so"e infractions! because of its severity andconse%uences!
the fine can be "ultiplied into three or even five ti"es.
Resources
fter a violation is recorded by the transit agency! the
notification of ta& ass
ess"ent will be forwarded to the address of vehicle owner. (ro"
there! the owner
"ay indicate that the driver drove the vehicle and forward the ta&
assess"ent a
ppeal for the national transit. (ro" NOTI(ICTION O( @EN5T=! the
vehicle owner"ay apply to the d"inistrative *oard of ppeals 9iolations > Hari.
If the appea
l is dis"issed! "ay further appeal to the 4tate *oard of Traffic >
CETRN Bin th
e case of the (ederal District to CONTRNDI(E and in so"e cases
specific to CON
TRN for resource assess"ent in the second and final instance.
)
Traffic Cri"e
They are classified offenses described in the CT* in ad"inistrative!
civil and cri"inal penalties. The cri"inal offenses resulting fro" cri"inal
action! are sub
#ect to general rules of the @enal Code and its processing by the
Code of Cri"in
al @rocedure. The offender! in addition to penalties i"posed
ad"inistratively by
the transit authority shall be sub#ected to #udicial proceedings!
which! found
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guilty! the penalty "ay be to provide co""unity service! fines!
suspension of dr
iving! and even detention. ?ore fre%uent cases! understand the
driving without a
license! drun$ or travel at a speed inco"patible with the safe
route! near scho
ols! causing danger of har"! which penalty "ay be i"prison"ent fro"
si& "onths t
o a year in addition to any filing of civil action to repair da"age
to third par
ties.
RENE-5 O( @ORT(O5IO NTION5 MU5I(ICTION4
rticle 23 of the *ra'ilian Traffic Code re%uires that any driver
who does not
have current defensive driving and first aid! should be sub"itted to
the"! while
the National Council of Transit > CONTRN its regulations. Through
Resolution C
ONTRN No. 2) of Dece"ber 2A! 833A! in force fro" Hune 2! 833 areset out in
the curriculu"! wor$load! and how to i"ple"ent the provisions of
rticle 23! th
ere are three possible ways of co"pliance with the provisions of the
ct/
0
Co"pleting the course with a presence in the classroo"
The driver "ust attend a course offered by the national e&ecutive of
the transit
4tate or the (ederal District BD?9! or by bodies accredited by hi"!
forcing herself to attend on a full 2 hours of tuition! and 23 hours on
defensive driving
and hours on first aid. The provision of the certificate of
participation wit
h the fre%uency of attendance of 233K of the classes "ay be
sufficient to "eet t
he legal re%uire"ent.
0
Reali'ation of Distance 5earning Course > Distance 5earning "ode
BOD5
Course offered by the national e&ecutive of the transit 4tate or the(ederal Dis
trict BD?9 or by speciali'ed entities he accredited as specific
regulations! du
ly certified by the National Depart"ent! with the "ini"u"
re%uire"ents set out i
n nne& I9 of Resolution 2).
3
0
9alidation 4tudy > self>taught for"
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The driver can study alone! by teaching "aterials containing the
contents of def
ensive driving and first aid. Drivers who participate in distance
learning cours
es or to study as autodidact should undergo an e&a"ination to be
conducted by th
e e&ecutive body of the transit 4tate or the (ederal District BD?9!
with proof
of ;3 %uestions! which re%uired the use of the "ini"u" F3K approval.
Drivers who
have already done courses in defensive driving and first aid
agencies or instit
utions officially recogni'ed! they "ay ta$e these courses! provided
that the dri
ver sub"it the supporting docu"entation.
2
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