Date post: | 03-Jan-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | maxwell-frost |
View: | 18 times |
Download: | 1 times |
Define ChemistryPhysical States of MatterProperties of MatterChemical Reactions
Notes One Unit Three
Pages 3-11
What is Chemistry?Chemistry is the study of matter and
the changes it undergoes
Chemistry is……Cooking!
Chemistry is......Forensics
Chemistry Is......Industry
Chemistry is……Art
Chemistry is everything!!!!!!
There are three states of matter.• What are they?• Solid• Liquid • gas
Three States of Matter????
Characteristics of Gases, Liquids and Solidsgas liquid solid
containers shape/volume
compressible
flows easily
container shape
not easily compressible
flows easily
fixed volume/shape
not easily
compressible
does not flow easily
What are chemical Reactions?
A chemical reaction is the process where new chemicals are made out of old chemicals.
Reactants
Physical Properties?
Chemical Properties?
HgO(s)Hg(l) + O2(g)
ColorTextureOdor
DensityBoiling point Melting point
Flames? Light?Bubbles? Solid forms?A change occurs????
Products
Sodium In Water Demo
• Physical properties
• are observed or measured without changing the Chemical.
• Chemical properties of matter
• describes its "potential" to undergo some chemical change.
Pages 18-19
Notes Two Unit Three
• Mass and Volume• Density• Weight versus Mass• Atom Versus Element• Atoms, Elements, Molecules• Reading Scales
Pages 308-317
Mass and Volume
Density• Amount of matter per unit volume.• Is this a solid, liquid or gas?• Density=Mass/volume• Water: 1.0g/mL.• Aluminum: 2.73g/mL.• Air: 0.001293g/mL
Why is density important?
Weight versus Mass• Mass and weight are different properties. • Mass is the amount of matter in the body• Weight is a measure of the force of gravitational field. • Which weighs more, a pound of feathers or a pound
of lead?• Which has more mass?
Mass versus Weight
Atom versus Element• Each element is made up of one kind of atom. • Proton number( atomic number) identifies elements
21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35
Elements in Nature
Color of Elements in Fireworks
Sr, Li
Ca
Fe, C
Na
Mg, Al, Ba
Ma, ClCu
Sr, Cu
Element versus Molecule
Pages 20-24
Reading Scales• In order to produce reliable data…
density, volume, mass….we need to be able to read the scales on measuring devices.
1. Place Water in the Erlenmeyer flask…Record the reading.
2. Pour the water into the smaller cylinder…Record the reading.
3. Pour the water to the larger cylinder…Record the reading.
4. Measure the mass of the piece of metal using the balance Record the reading.
Pages 56-64
Reading ScalesRead Digit(s) Estimated Digit
587
59
5
Size of Scales• Read each scale.
• 0.9
• 9
• 90
• 0.0009
Reading Scales
600r p p
600500700
2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
3. Final answer and alternates!NO! and Place Holder(s)!
Reading Scales
1r
1.00.91.1
2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
3. Final answer and alternates!Yes! No and Place Holder(s)
0e
.
Reading Scales
r e
373836
2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
3. Final answer and alternates!No! and NO Place Holder(s)
73
Reading Scales
10r e10.
911
2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
3. Final answer and alternates!YES!
.
No Place Holder(s)!
Reading Scales
10 6p r e
0.00160.00150.0017
2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
3. Final answer and alternates!Yes! and Place Holder(s)
0p
0p
.
End of Try One
Reading Scales
100r e p
1.0x10+2
90110
2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
3. Final answer and alternates!NO! and Place Holder(s)!
Reading Scales
10 0p r e
0.00100.00090.0011
2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
3. Final answer and alternates!Yes! and Place Holder(s)
0p
0p
.
Reading Scales
1 6r e
0.0130.0120.014
2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
3. Final answer and alternates!Yes! and Place Holder(s)
0p
0p
.
Reading Scales
8e
0.080.090.07
2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
3. Final answer and alternates!Yes! and Place Holder(s)
0p
0p
.
Reading Scales
80p e
0.0080.0090.007
2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
3. Final answer and alternates!Yes! and Place Holder(s)
0p
0p
.
Notes Three Unit Three
• Quiz Reading Scales/Review Check
• The Importance of Measurement
• Accuracy and Precision
• Scientific Notation
• Significant Digit Rules
• Addition and Subtraction
• Computer Assignment Number Two
Pages 56-64
Reading Scales
100r r e
100.99
101
2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
3. Final answer and alternates!YES!
.
No Place Holder(s)!
Reading Scales
1 0r e
0.100.110.09
2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
3. Final answer and alternates!Yes! and Place Holder(s)
0p
.
Reading Scales
10r r10.0
9.910.1
2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
3. Final answer and alternates!YES!
.0e
No Place Holder(s)!
The Importance of Measurement • Qualitative measurements (OBSERVATIONS)• Quantitative measurements (SCALES)
• red • 12.0 g/mol • liquid• 2 eggs • 1 dozen • 4 legs• 1.0 g/mL • 25 years old • 250 pounds
QualitativeQuantitativeQualitative
QualitativeQualitativeQualitativeQuantitative
QualitativeQuantitative
Accuracy and Precision
• Accuracy closeness to the actual answer.• Precision how well measurements compare.
Good PrecisionGood Accuracy
Good PrecisionPoor Accuracy
Poor PrecisionPoor Accuracy
SIGNIFICANT DIGIT RULES• 1. All non zero digits are significant.
• 2. Any digit, including zero, read or estimated from a scale is significant.
• 3. Leading zeroes in numbers are never significant: the three first zeroes in 0.0010 are leading zeroes; therefore, they are not significant. They are, also, never read or estimated form a scale. Leading zeroes show place value.
• 4. Trailing zeroes are significant if a decimal is present. The zeroes in 400.0 and 400. are identified as significant by the decimal. Leading zeroes cannot be made significant by a decimal.
• 5. Only significant digits can be expressed in scientific notation
Scientific Notation • In scientific notation a number is written as a
power of 10.
• 41200 is…
• 4.12x10+4
• 0.0400 is…
• 4.00x10-2
• 301 is…
• 3.01x10+2
• 0.00560 is…
• 5.60x10-3
4.12E+4
4.00E-2
3.01E+2
5.60 E-3
Identifying Significant Digits• 400• 400• 400.• 400.• 0.001• 0.001• 2505• 2505• 2X10-2
• 2X10-2
• 0.020• 0.020
Identifying Significant Digits• 401• 401• 404.• 404.• 0.001001• 0.001001• 2100• 2100• 2.00X10-2
• 2.00X10-2
• 0.120• 0.120
Identifying Significant Digits• 200• 200• 200.• 200.• 0.00220• 0.00220• 2202• 2202• 2.93X10-2
• 2.93X10-2
• 1.000• 1.000
Identifying The Estimated Digit• 400• 400• 400.• 400.• 0.001• 0.001• 2505• 2505• 2X10-2
• 2X10-2
• 0.020• 0.020
Identifying The Estimated Digit• 401• 401• 404.• 404.• 0.001001• 0.001001• 2100• 2100• 2.00X10-2
• 2.00X10-2
• 0.120• 0.120
Identifying The Estimated Digit• 200• 200• 200.• 200.• 0.0022• 0.0022• 2202• 2202• 2.93X10-2
• 2.93X10-2
• 1.000• 1.000
+ and – of Sig Dig1. Identify Estimated Digits.
2. Round all measurements to the left most Estimated Digit.
Addition and Subtraction Problem #1
100.00- 2.1
100.00
100.0
97.9
- 2.1
- 2.1
1. ID estimated digit.
2. Round to left most Estimated Digit.
Addition and Subtraction Problem #2254.67 24.99+ 1.0
254.67
254.7
280.7
24.99+ 1.0
25.0+ 1.0
1. ID estimated digit.
2. Round to left most Estimated Digit.
Addition and Subtraction Problem #3
210 81
+10.9
210
210
300 3.0x10+2
81+10.9
80+10
1. ID estimated digit.
2. Round to left most Estimated Digit.
Addition and Subtraction Problem #4
220- 81
220
220
140
- 81
- 80
1. ID estimated digit.
2. Round to left most Estimated Digit.
Explanation of SD’s and Add. or Sub.• Read the two
cylinders:• Add the readings.1. ID estimated digits.2. Round to left most
Estimated Digit.3. Add• Pour 1st into 2nd.
9.0+70
9.0
10+70
80
+70
9.0
70
Notes Four Unit Three
• Return Quiz Reading Scales For Corrections
• Review Addition and Subtraction of Significant Digits
• Quiz Addition and Subtraction of Significant Digits
• Explain Multiplication and Division of Significant Digits
• Computer Assignment Multiplication and Division of Significant Digits
Pages 56-64
Addition and Subtraction Problem #1
105- 2.1
105
105
103
- 2.1
- 2
1. ID estimated digit.
2. Round to left most Estimated Digit.
Addition and Subtraction Problem #2255 24.98+ 1.00
255
255
281
24.98+ 1.00
25+ 1
1. ID estimated digit.
2. Round to left most Estimated Digit.
X and ÷ of Sig Dig
1. Identify the number significant digits in each value.2. Do the indicated math operation.3. Round to the least number of significant digits.
Multiplication and Division Problem #1
1. ID the SD.
2. Do the math.
3. Round to least.
25.9 x 2=?
25.9 2
25.9 x 2=
51.8 has
50 shows 1 SD
51.8
3 SD 1 SD
1 SD
Multiplication and Division Problem #2
1. ID the SD.
2. Do the math.
3. Round to least #.
0.010 x 325=?
0.010 325
0.010 x 325=
3.25 has
3.3 shows 2 SD
2 SD 3 SD
3.25
2 SD
Multiplication and Division Problem #3
1. ID the SD.
2. Do the math.
3. Round to least #.
1200. / 2.0=?
1200. 2.0
1200. / 2.0=
600 has
6.0x10+2 shows 2 SD
4 SD2 SD
600
2 SD
Multiplication and Division Problem #4
1. ID the SD.
2. Do the math.
3. Round to least #.
1.0 / 100.0=?
1.0 100.0
1.0 / 100.0=
0.01 has
0.010 shows 2 SD
2 SD 4 SD
0.01
2 SD