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Definition of lifeOrder: cellular structure
Crystals have structure without life
reproduction
Growth & development
Energy utilization
Response to the environment
Evolution
Darwin
Adaptation
Darwinian theory of evolutionOver production
Individual variations
Natural selection
75% of population perished in one storm
predators prey
Artificial selection
Composition of cells
Organic molecules:Carbon is a versatile chemical element
Water & oxygen
Difficulties with other elements
Weak bonds
No double bonds
Molecular components Carbohydrates: 2H/O sugar, starch, cellelus. glucos C6H12O6
Lipids: fatty acidStore energy for cells
Proteins: large molecules
Nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) & RNA (ribonucleic acid)Store structural information
Built on amino acids. Enzymes & catalystsRegulate reaction ratesBuild structures
Provide energy to cellsfibers
Two basic cell typesProkaryotic cells: No distinct nucleusSingle cell species eg E coli or Salmonelia
Eukaryotic cells: Both single cell (amkebas) complex species (plants, animals)
Biological tree of life: five kingdomsBased on cell structures
Drawin’s notes
RNA tree of life: three domainsBased on molecular structure
The chemistry of life
Metabolism: chemistry of life regulates reaction rates
Atp(adenosine triphosphate)
Metastable reaction
+H2O
Carbon and energy
Heterotroph: get carbon fromother organic compounds Autotroph: get carbon directly from the atmosphere
Photosynthesis: sun light provides a source of energy, CO2
Chemoheterotroph: organic molecules
Chemoautotroph: inorganic chemicals, eg sulfur, iron, amonia. CO2
Carbon is the most common raw material
Importance of water1) Dissolving organic molecules
2) transportation
3) ATP chemistry
Double helix of DNA molecules
Gene’s analysis
DNA replication
Genetic code
Virus (a strand of RNA, not alive)Coronavirus: common cold, SARS
Mutation and evolution
extremofilesThermofiles