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Definition of Prevention

Source: United Nations (U.N.) Population Division, Demographic Indicators, 1950-2050 (The 1996 Revision) (U.N., New York, 1996).

Historical Examples of Global Prevention Activities

Vaccinationavailable

Streptomycinintroduced

Koch identifiedtuberclebacillus

Death rate for Tuberculosis, 1860-1960, United States, Source: US Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States; Colonial Times to 1970 (Washington, D.C: Government Printing Office, 1975), Part 1 pp58,63.  Note: Data between 1860 and 1900 for Massachusetts only.

Source: Thomas McKeown, The Modern Rise of Population (Academic Press, San Francisco, 1976), pp. 93, 96.

Introduction

Community• US$4.18 cost per illness-cases incur 83% of cost (=10 days income; 1/3rd for drugs,

>1/3rd due to lost income). • Govt pays 17% of cost per illness and creates treatment system and case-management

standards

Source: US Bureau of the Census

250

200

150

100

50

0

per 1000 live births with AIDS

Botswana Kenya Malawi Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe

without AIDS

Teacher in Alexandria

Teacher in Tanzania

Teacher in Cairo

Teacher in Paris

Teacher in Pittsburgh

Teacher in Moscow

4 52 101202

503

1312

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Sept-97 Sept-98 Sept-99 Sept-OO Sep-02 May_03

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