Definitions

• Giving credit to a source for words and ideas from the source

• “a technical term for the procedure whereby writers identify the sources of their information” (Searles 238)

What needs to be documented?

• Exact words (quotations from sources)

• Ideas (paraphrase of source material)

• Statistics

• Visuals

Plagiarism• Using a source’s words or ideas without giving

the source credit; using those words and ideas as though they are your own

• Penalties:– In school: failing a project or class; withdrawal or

expulsion– At work: loss of credibility; loss of position or job;

possible legal action– Unintentional: lower grade or possible F on report– Intentional: possible F in class

Examples of Plagiarism

• See p. 239• Omitting documentation entirely• Omitting quotation marks from quotations• Failing to paraphrase thoroughly

• Original: However much Abraham Lincoln believed in democracy, the American masses, in the half-century following their war-President's death, did not seem to believe in themselves.

• Paraphrase: No matter how much Abraham Lincoln believed in democracy, American masses did not appear to believe in each other in the half-century after their war-President's death.

• Paraphrase: The average American in the 50 years after Lincoln died possessed no self-confidence, despite the fact that Lincoln had a great deal of faith in democracy.

Lewis, L. Myths after Lincoln. New York: Press of the Readers Club.

Documentation Styles

• MLA: Modern Language Association• APA: American Psychological Association• CBE: Council of Biology Editors• ACS: American Chemical Society• AMS: American Mathematical Society• AIP: American Institute of Physics

Components of Documentation

• Bibliography—a list of sources

• Parenthetical Citation (In-text Citation)—identification of the source of each quotation, statistic, paraphrase, or visual in the text

Parenthetical Citation

• Identification of the source material in the text

• Refers a reader to the bibliography

Parenthetical Citation—MLA

Provide the following information for each quote, paraphrase, statistic, visual, or other type of borrowing:

1.author’s or organization’s name (or shortened title of work if no author or organization is provided)2.page number where information is found in source (if available)

Examples

According to one industry expert, “No one person should have the power to decide the fate of an entire company” (Jones 45).

Ruth Macklin points out that even people who feel strongly about embryo research would have a hard time arguing that the experiment should not take place at all (212).

Web site—no page number

The Association of Business Professionals believes that expansion of the industry’s services will require in excess of $2 billion.

One organization believes that expansion of the industry’s services will require in excess of $2 billion (Association of Business Professionals).

Interview—no page numbers; use reference to appendix and interview question.

Sarah Janinsky, president of the company, believes that the business does need to expand its services (see Appendix A, Question 4).

Survey—no page numbers; use reference to appendix and survey question.

According to a survey of IVCC students, 95% would like to see the buildings re-lettered to reflect correct alphabetical order (see Appendix B, Question 7).

Parenthetical Citation—APA

Provide the following information for each quote, paraphrase, statistic, visual, or other type of borrowing:

1.author’s or organization’s name (or shortened title of work if no author or organization)2.date of source3.page number where information is found in source (if available)

Examples

According to one industry expert, “No one person should have the power to decide the fate of an entire company” (Jones, 2006, p. 45).

Ruth Macklin (2003) points out that even people who feel strongly about embryo research would have a hard time arguing that the experiment should not take place at all (p. 212).

Web site—no page number

The Association of Business Professionals (2007) believes that expansion of the industry’s services will require in excess of $2 billion.

One organization believes that expansion of the industry’s services will require in excess of $2 billion (Association of Business Professionals, 2007).

Interview—considered personal communication (no References page entry); use reference to appendix and survey question.

Sarah Janinsky (personal communication, April 5, 2009), president of the company, believes that the business does need to expand its services (see Appendix A, Question 4).

Survey—no page numbers; use reference to appendix and survey question.

According to a survey of IVCC students (2009), 95% would like to see the buildings re-lettered to reflect correct alphabetical order (see Appendix B, Question 7).

Bibliography

• MLA: Works Cited

• APA: References

Guidelines for MLA and APA

• Place as last page of project.• Center title on first line.• Alphabetize list by author’s last name or by

first important word of title.• Indent all but first line one tab.• More Info: IVCC Stylebook, Purdue

University Online Writing Lab (OWL)

Sample Entries—MLA Format

• Books• Newspaper Articles• Magazine Articles• Journal Articles

• Interviews• Online Sources• E-mails• Surveys

Surveys

Student, John. “Student Survey: Computer Lab Space.” Illinois Valley Community College, Oglesby, IL. 15 Oct. 2009. Survey.

Sample References Entries—APA Format

• Books• Newspaper Articles• Magazine Articles• Journal Articles

• Interviews• Online Sources• E-mails• Surveys

Surveys

Student, J. (2009, 15 Oct.). Student survey: Computer lab space. Illinois Valley Community College, Oglesby, IL.