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aik Reserved Mangrove Forest
FAO-UN, Myanmar Publicaon 2011/04
Fishery Resources of The Wunbaik
Reserved Mangrove Forest
Khin Maung SoeConsultant to FAO, Head of the Research & Development Division, Department of Fisheries
&
Deiva Oswin StanleyTCDC Consultant to FAO, Mangrove Management Specialist
Forest Department, Ministry of Forestry
Union of Myanmar
Food and Agriculture Organizaon of the United Naons
Yangon, Myanmar
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mmunitybasedMangroveManagementinWunbaikForestReserve,TCP/MYA/3204(2009-2011)
The designaons employed and the presentaon of the material in this publicaon do not imply
the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organizaon of
the United Naons concerning the delimitaon of its froners or boundaries.
The opinions expressed in this publicaon are those of the authors alone and do not imply any
opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO.
First Edion: 2011
FAO-UN Myanmar
Photos: U Khin Maung Soe
Cover Design & Photos : Dr. Deiva Oswin Stanley
For Copies of the Book, write to:
FAO Representaon Oce
Seed Division Compound, Insein Road, Yangon, Myanmar
Email: [email protected]
Phone: 95-1-641772, 641673
Fax: 95-1- 641561
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In commemoration of theInternational Year of Forests 2011
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FisheryResourcesofTheWunbaik
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CONTENTS
Foreword
Acknowledgements
1. Introducon
2. Geographical Locaon of the Random Sites Sampled in the Wunbaik
Reserved Mangrove Forest
3. Morphology of n shes
3.2 Structure of n sh tails3.3 Mouth posion and protrusibility in n shes
4. Catalog of the Fishery Resources of the Wunbaik Reserved Mangrove
Forest
5. Fishery Resources of the Wunbaik Reserved Mangrove Forest
6. Recommendaons for the Fishery Management in the Wunbaik
Reserved Mangrove Forest
7. Gear and Cras used in the Wunbaik Reserved Mangrove Forest
8. Index of the Fishery Resources of Wunbaik Reserved Mangrove Forest
9. References
10. Descripon of sheries in Myanmar language
i
Page
1
3
4
7
10
82
85
86
88
89
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ForewordThe Bilingual Handbook on the Fishery Resources of the Wunbaik Reserved Mangrove Forest
is an outcome of the project Sustainable Community-based Mangrove Management in Wunbaik
Forest Reserve TCP/MYA/3204. This is a Food and Agriculture Organizaon of the United Naon,
Myanmars preliminary aempt in cooperaon with the Forest Department towards cataloguing
the shery resources in the Wunbaik Reserved Mangrove Forest, Rakhine State, Myanmar. The
annotated and illustrated inventory is a valuable outcome for the project and base for conservaon,
management and raonal ulizaon of the aquac resources of the reserved forest.
Fishery resources are the important link of the food chain and it is essenal to conserve every
linkage in the food chains and webs for a sustainable energy ow. This handbook is a source of basic
informaon about sh species, relevant to aspects of idencaon, scienc and standardized
vernacular names, biology; habitat status of each idened species in the reserved forest, local
economic values and ulizaon paerns. Our appreciaons are due to Mr. Khin Maung Soe and
Dr. Deiva Oswin Stanley, Integrated Mangrove Management Specialist from India the authors for
their scrupulous work and Mr. Jeremy Broadhead the backstopping Ocer of the project for his
ecient guidance.
The handbook reports about the 72 species of shes and shell idened from the reserved forest
area and is the rst ever documentaon of shery resources from the Reserved Forest. As Wunbaik
is the base for Rakhine shery and of the ocean indirectly, steps should be iniated to protect the
water holding capacity of the Wunbaik Reserved Boundary to support as the nursery ground. The
study on the Wunbaik shery has conrmed that the mud crabs, brooders of shell and n shes
are in major threat and the size of the shes have reduced considerably, which is an ALERT for
acon. The present version of this document produced should be viewed as a working document
capable of improvement and expansion with addional informaon.
Dr. Shin Imai, Former FAO Representave
Food and Agriculture organizaon of the United Naons,
Yangon, Myanmar
U Aye Myint Maung, Director General
Forest Department,
Nay Pyi Taw
ii
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Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank the Commander of Western Command Brigadier General Soe Thein for
the permission to study the facts of the mangroves in Wunbaik Resrved Forest, Rakhine State.
We wish to express our sincere thanks to U Thein Aung, Minister, Ministry of Forestry, U. Maung
Maung Thein, Minister, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, U Thaung Aye, Chairman of the Rakhine
State Peace and Development Council, Dr. Shin Imai, Former Representave, FAO in Myanmar, Mr.
Giuseppe Romalli, a.i., FAOR, for the encouragement and eorts to implement wide spectrum
approaches through this TCP project. Our special thanks are due to Mr. Jeremy S. Broadhead,
the Backstopping ocer of the project for his ecient guidance throughout the project duraon.
Thanks are due to Mr. Leon Gouws and Dr. Bir Mandal for the constant encouragement.
Our gratude are due to U Aye Myint Maung, Director General, Forest Department, U Sann
Lwin, Director General, Planning and Stascs Department, Ministry of Forestry, Dr. Myint Than,
Director General, Directorate of Livestock & Fisheries, U Khin Ko Lay, Director General, Department
of Fisheries, Dr. Nyi Nyi Kyaw, Deputy Director General of Forest Department and U Kyaw Myo Win,
Deputy Director General, Department of Fisheries for their constant encouragement and support.
We would like to thank the FAO-Myanmar programme unit for all the support provided especially
to Dr. Aung Swe, Assistant FAOR Programme, Ms. Tha Nwai Law, Assistant FAOR Administraon,
Ms. Aye Aye Thet, Ms. Myat Nwe, Mr. Thu Kha, Ms. Sanda Saing, Ms. Say Wah, Ms. Aye Myint
Khine, U. Than Hke Zin and Ms. Khin Hnin Myint.
We are grateful to U Kyaw Min Rakhine State Fisheries Ocer, U Htun Tin Kyauk Phyu District
Fisheries Ocer, U Khin Shwe Yambye Township Fisheries Ocer, U Aung Myat Thein, Director,
Forest Department, Rakhine State, U Win Myint, Assistant Director, Kyauk Phyu District, Forest
Department, the former Naonal Project Coordinators of the project, U Hla Maung Thein and U
Aung Khin, sta from Yambye Township and Kyaukphyu District Fisheries and Forest Department
Oces, for their invaluable assistance during the survey at Wunbaik Reserved Mangrove Forest
and Ms. Kyitha Myint Assistant Researcher, Research and Development Division, Department of
Fisheries for her reless assistance while idenfying shes. Thanks are due to all those who have
contributed for this publicaon
iii
U Khin Maung Soe
Consultant to FAO
Dy. Director, Head of the R&D Divison
Department of Fisheries
Dr. Deiva Oswin Stanley
TCDC Consultant to FAO
Mangrove Management Specialist
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Fishery Resources of the Wunbaik Reserved Mangrove Forest
1. Introducon
Sustainable Community based Mangrove Management in Wunbaik Forest Reserve, TCP/MYA/3204
(D) is a joint venture of the Forest Department and the Food and Agriculture of the United Naons
to develop a raonal and applicable management model to conserve and sustainably ulize
the resources in Wunbaik Mangrove Reserved Forest. There were no studies available so far to
understand the shery resources of the Wunbaik Mangrove Reserved Forest. It was felt imperave
to document the standing status of shery resources, and therefore, a rapid survey was carried out
during the months February to April 2010 using the common tradional gear inside the reserved
forest boundary. The data would also form a base for developing the Integrated Mangrove
Management Plan for the Wunbaik Reserved Forest.
The Wunbaik Mangrove Reserved Forest is endowed with several deep and shallow creeks, large
rivers; mudats, sandy, muddy and also rocky booms. The ferle river mouths open to the Bay
of Bengal paving paths for seasonal migraon of both anadromous and catadromous transient
sh populaon. Mangroves are one of the important habitats for diversied oral and faunal
assemblages. The ecosystem provides support as breeding and feeding grounds and refuge
from predaon for the major proporon of n and shell shes and other biodiversity. Wunbaik
Mangrove Reserved Forest consisng of 56633 acres in Yambye Township was declared as areserved mangrove forest in February 1931. Presently around 40% of the forest area is degraded
due to encroachment for paddy and shrimp farming and cung wood for commercial purposes
like charcoal, brick baking and bark peeling. The remaining 53% of the forested area is virtually in
a crical pedestal for further encroachment for paddy and shrimp farm expansions and illicit wood
extracon in an uncontrolled fashion driven by the rich business men, money lenders and middle
men populaon living around and outside the district or state with the help of the local community.
The water holding capacity of the reserved zone which supports shery is also reduced to 6% in
to 2009
As a consequence, the mangrove habitat for shery is invariably lost which has and would have a
major implicaon on the shery producvity within the mangrove waters of the reserved forest
and in the estuarine and the nerec waters outside the boundary. It is obvious that the populaon
density of the shery in the wild is directly proporonal to the health of the mangroves and areas
of mangrove waters available for sh populaon to breed and migrate. In addion, pracces
of shing on the wunbaiks river mouth twice in both des, usage of minute mesh sized gear
and sieving out small sized crabs, year round mud crab harvesng in unrestrained approaches
has combined the threatening pressure on the shery populaon and a considerable decline in
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sheries, inside and outside the reserved zones has been recorded. A total of62speciesofn
shes,5speciesofcrustaceans and 5speciesofmollusks were idened and many more are
there to be studied. The signicantly small sized shes recorded proclaim the candid shing stress
on the survival of the exisng populaon.
This publicaon, Fishery Resources of the Wunbaik Reserved Mangrove Forest is a user friendly
bilingual handbook providing informaon on Scienc, English and Vernacular names of the
shes, simple morphological descripons, the habitat biology; sh size class available in mangrove
waters, local prices and ulizaon pracces. A gamut of readers from all level of stakeholders from
the local community, researchers to the administrators and others involved in natural resource
conservaon will be beneted
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2. GeographicalLocaonoftheRandomSitesSampledintheWunbaik
Reserved Mangrove Forest
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(yg;pyfy Hkp HESi fh taetxmrsm;;)
a&SbufnTe fonf
tay:bufarmhonf
atmufp dkufonf
qefYxkwfE dkif aomyg;pyf
qefYxkwfEdkif aomy g;pyf
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FisheryResourcesofTheWunbaik
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1. Family: Ambassidae
Ambassis gymnocephalus ( Lacepede, 1802 ) ( i g ;Z i fp y f?a Mu mi fr p m; )
2. Family: Bagridae
Mystus viatus ( Bloch, 1797 ) ( i g ;Z i f dki f; )
3. Family: Batrachoidae
Batrichythyes sp. (Smith, 1934 ) ( i g;z m;? i g; t kw f)
4. Family: Belonidae
Strongylura leiura ( Bleeker, 1851 ) ( i g ;a w m i fp dr f;? i g;a z mi f dk;Bu D; )
5. Family: Bothidae
Pseudorhombus arius ( Hamilton Buchanan, 1822 ) ( i g; z u f& Gu f)
6. Family Cynoglossidae
Cynoglossus lingua ( i g;p y fp m?i g;a c G; & Sm) 7. Family; Carangidae:
Selaroides leptolepis ( Cuvier, 1833 ) ( r su fq Hu s, f?i g;l; )
8. Family: Centropomidae
Lates calcarifer( Bloch,1790 ) ( u u w p f? i g; o ' dku f)
9. Family: Chaetodondae
Chaetodon descussatus, Cuvier, 1831 ( i g; v dy fjy m)
10. Family: Clupeidae
Anodontostoma chacunda ( Hamilton - Buchanan, 1822 ) ( i g ;0 r f; y l? i g; 0 u fp y f)
Tenualosa illisha ( Hamilton - Buchanan, 1822 ) ( i g; o a v mu f)11. Family: Drepanidae
Drepane punctata ( Linnaeus , 1758 ) ( q i fe m;& Gu f?i g;y kv J)
12. Family: Engraulididae
Coilia dussumieri, Valenciennes, 1848 ( Nr D; w Ho G, f)
Coilia ramcari( Hamilton Buchanan,1822 ) ( Nr D; w Ho G, f)
Sepinna wheeleri, Wongratana,1983 ( i g;y g;& Sm;?i g;y g;)
Thryssa mystax( Bloch and Schneider, 1801 ) ( i g;y g;& Sm; )
13. Family: Gerreidae
Gerres abbreviates, Bleeker, 1850 ( i g; q Dt dk; )Gerres lamentosus, Cuvier, 1829 ( i g; q Dt dk; )
14. Family: Gobiidae
Acentrogobius caninus ( Valenciennes, 1837 ) ( i g; o 0 u fz dk)
Bathygobius fuscus ( Ruppell, 1828 ) ( i g;& Sy dk; ?i g; , u f)
Boleopthalmus boddar( Pallas 1770 ) ( i g;a ' gi f;a y smu f)
Glossogobius giuris ( Hamilton - Buchanan, 1822 ) ( u o y dk; ? i & Sy dk; )
Pseudapocryptes lamceolatus( Bloch & Schmeider,1801 ) ( i g; , u fjz L)
15. Family: Haemulidae
Pomadasys commersonni( Lacepede , 1802 )( i g;* Hk; )Pomadasys olivaceum ( Day, 1875 ) ( i g;* Hk; )
4. Catalog of the Fishery Resources of the Wunbaik Reserved MangroveForest
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16. Family: Hemiramphidae
Zenarchopterus sp ( Gill, 1864 ) ( i g ;a z mi f dk;? i g ;a w m i fz ke f; )
17. Family: Holocentridae
Sargocentron rubrum ( Forsskal, 1775 ) ( i g;a Mu ;r m?i g;e Da Mu ; Mu r f; )
18. Family: Labridae
Thalassoma lunare ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) ( i g; o i fa c sm)
19. Family: Leiognathidae
Leiognathus equulus ( Forsskal,1775 ) ( i g ; ' * Fg;?i g;0 dki f; )
Leiognathus bidus ( Valenciennes , 1835 ) ( i g ;Z a e ;? i g; ' * Fg;?i g;0 dki f; )
Leiognathus fasciatus ( Lacepede , 1803 ) ( i g ; ' * Fg; )
Secutor insidiator( Bloch, 1787 ) ( i g ; ' * Fg;?i g;0 dki f; )
20. Family: Lobodae
Datnioides quardrifaciatus ( Sevasanov, 1809 ) ( a u smu fi g; 0 u f)
21. Family: Lutjanidae
Lutjanus johnii( Bloch, 1792 ) ( i g;a c G; r e D? i r Sw fx i f)
Lutjanus lutjanus ( Bloch, 1790 ) ( a & Ti g;?i g;v 0 g)
22. Family: Mugilidae
Liza parsia ( Hamilton - Buchnan, 1822 ) ( u b Dv l; ? i g; u i fn i f; )
23. Family: Mullidae
Upeneus sulphureus, Cuvier, 1829 ( Bu dK;0 g?i g;r kw fq dw f)
Upeneus assymetricus ( Lachner, 1954 ) ( i g; a Mu ; Mu r f;?Bu dK;0 g)
24. Family: Muraenisocidae
Congresox talabon ( Cuvier, 1829 ) ( i g;a & T?o i fa y gi f; x dk; )
25. Family: Nemipteridae
Nemipterus peronii( Balenciennes, 1830 ) ( a & Ti g;)
Scolopsis vosmeri( Bloch, 1792 ) ( a & Ti g;?a u smu fi g;a jy r )
26. Family: Platycephalidae
Platycephalus indicus ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) ( i g; q i fe i f;?i g;a c gi f; j y m ; )
27. Family: Plotosidae
Plotosus canius, Hamilton - Buchanan,1822 ( y i fv , fi g;c l)
28. Family: Polynemidae
Eleuthronema tetradactylum ( Shaw, 1804 ) ( i g; w & m; ? i g; w a , m)
29. Family: Pomacanthidae
Pomacanthus annularis ( Bloch , 1787 ) ( i g; v dy fjy m)
30. Family: Pomacentridae
Abudefduf saxalis ( a u smu fi g; ?i g;Mu m;r )
Abudedufsp ( a u smu fi g; ?i g;Mu m;r )
31. Family: Prisgesteridae
Illisha megaloptera ( Swainson, 1839 ) ( r su fq Hu s, f)
32. Family: Pseodidae
Pseodes erumei( Bloch and Schneider, 1801 ) ( i g; v u fu dku f)
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33. Family: Scatophagidae
Scatophagus argus ( Linnaeus, 1766 ) ( i g; y o ke f? i g; c u f)
34. Family: Sciaenidae
Chrysochir aureus ( Richardson, 1846 ) ( i g; o i f0 g)
Pennahia anea ( Bloch, 1793 ) ( i g;a c gi f; y G?i g;y kw fo i f)
35. Family: Serranidae
Cephalopholis formosa ( Shaw and Nodder, 1812 ) ( a u smu fi g;? i g;a w m u fw lr D;jy m)
Epinephalus erythrurus ( a u smu fi g;)
36. Family: Siganidae
Siganus javus ( Linnaeus , 1766 ) ( i g;& e f& Sm? i g;q l; o e f)
Siganus vermiculatus ( Valenciennes, 1835 ) ( i g;& e f& Sm? i g;q l; o e f)
37. Family: Sillaginidae
Sillago sihama ( Forsskal, 1775 ) ( i g;Z e fy l?i g;y ka v G)
38. Family: Sphyraenidae
Sphyraena jello, Cuvier, 1829 ( y i fv , fi g ;a r Gx dk; )
39. Family: Synodondae
Saurida tumbil( Bloch, 1795 ) ( i g;y ka v G?i g;Z i fv dy f)
40. Family: Tetraodondae
Chelonodon potoca ( Hamilton - Buchanan, 1822 ) ( i g;y lw i f;?A * si f; )
41. Family: Teraponidae
Terapon jarbua ( Forsskal, 1775 ) ( i * Hk;Mu m;?i g;e Ha Mu mi f)
42. Family: Toxodae
Toxotes chatareus ( Hamilton - Buchanan, 1822 ) ( i g ;y i fu r f;? i g;a y smu fr )
43. Family: Portunidae (Mangrove crab / Mud crab)
Scylla olivacea ( Herbst, 1796 ) ( y sm; u P e f;?a c smi f; u P e f; )
44. Family: Penaeidae (Marine shrimps)
Penaeus indicus, H. Milne Edwards, 1837 ( y kp Ge fjz L)
Penaeus japonecus, Bate, 1888 ( o Jy kp Ge f)
Penaeus monodon, Fabricius, 1798 ( u sm;y kp Ge f)
45. Family: Squillidae(Mensshrimp)
Harpiosquilla sp. ( u i f; y kp Ge f? a w m u fy q dy f)
46. Family: Arcidae (Cookles)
Anadara granosa ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) ( * Hk; o Gm; Bu J) 47. Family: Pannidae (Pen shell / Fan Shell)
Atrina pecnata ( Linnaeus, 1767 ) ( * Hk; , y fa w mi f)
48. Family: Potamididae (Telecopic snail)
Telescopium telescopium ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) ( r & Gw f c k)
49 . Family: Solnidae (Knife clam / Razor clam)
Solen lamarckii, Deshayes, 1839 ( * Hk; a , mi f; r )
50. Family: Veneridae (Hard clam)
Meretrix casta ( y sm;* Hk; c k)
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5.FisheryResourcesoftheWunbaikReservedMangroveForest
(0efAdkufopfawmBudK;0dkif;&Sd ig;rsm;)
Plate 1:Ambassis gymnocephalus. Bald glassy (ig;Zifpyf)
Plate 2:Mystus viatus. Stripped dwarf cat sh (ig;Zifdkif;)
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Family: Ambassidae (Channidae)
Sciencname: Ambassis gymnocephalus
Common name: Bald glassy
Local name: Nga-zin-cert, Kyaung-ma-cer (ig;Zifpyf? aMumifrpm;) (Plate 1)
Habitat and biology: Demersal, found schooling in shallow waters, in brakish water and in coastal
mud banks near river mouths. Feed on small crustaceans, shes and larvae, acve at night. Aains
size up to 12 cm.
Morphology: Body oblong and compressed, mouth moderate, slightly protrusible, opercula ends
in a membrane ap. Dorsal n with 7-8 spines and 8-12 rays; anal n with 3 spines and 8-17 rays;
pectoral n rounded, pelvic n thoracic with 1 spine and 5 rays; caudal n forked.
Color: Silvery with bright longitudinal band; ns hyaline and yellowish; spinous dorsal n dusky
between 2nd and 3rd spines.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Coastal shallow waters along Kalein Taung River
Size range recorded: 5-8 cm
Fishing sites: Shallow brackish waters-near mud bank at the Mouth of Kathoung
River
Fishing gear: Beach seine, Stow net , Cast net
Local market price: 200- 350 kyat/kg
Uses: Fresh, dried; bait for mud crab trap and long line shing
Family: Bagridae
Sciencname: Mystus viatus
Common name: Stripped dwarf cat sh
Local name: Nga-zin-yine (ig;Zif&dkif;) (Plate 2)
Habitat and biology: Common in dal zone and brackish water reaches of large rivers.
Feed on insects and crustaceans. Aains size up to 20 cm.
Morphology: Body elongated and slightly compressed. Head depressed; occipital process reaching
basal bone of dorsal n. Mouth terminal; teeth on jaws and on vomer; barble four pairs. Dorsal
spine weak and serrated on inner edge; adipose n small; caudal n forked.
Color: Body gray silver to shinning golden with pale blue to deep black longitudinal bands on
anks; ns glassy with dark ps.
Sample Detail
Sampling site River Mouth- River Pyke Seik Taung Maw
Size range: 8-12 cm
Fishing sites: Shallow creeks converging with large rivers in Wunbaik Reserved Forest
Fishing gear: Beach seine, Stow net , Cast net
Local market price: 500-750 kyat/kg (fresh)
Uses: Fresh, dried
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Plate 3:Batrychthyes sp. Toad sh (ig;zm;? ig;tkwf)
Plate 4:Strongylura leiura. Banded needle sh (ig;awmifpdrf;)
Belonidae
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Family: Batrachoidae
Sciencname: Batrychthyes sp.
Common name: Toad sh
Local name: Nga-phar; Nga-oat (ig;zm; ? ig;tkwf) (Plate 3)
Habitat and biology: Inhabing lower reaches of brackish rivers, mangrove estuaries and coastal
shallow waters, benthic zones with muddy boom; aains size up to 20 cm.
Morphology: Body cylindrical; compressed in posterior. Head broad and heavy, mouth large, lower
jaw large and protracle; operculum spines present, rst dorsal n with 3 strong spines hidden
below skin; second dorsal n and anal ns long based; pelvic n jugular inserted ahead of pelvic
n; pectoral n fan-like; caudal n rounded.
Color: Drab colored
Sample Detail
Sampling site: River Mouths of Rivers Pyke Seik Toung Maw and Kaleing Toung
Size range recorded: 10-15 cm
Fishing sites: Shallow waters with muddy boom
Fishing gear: Beach seine, Cast net,
Local market price: 350-500 kyat/kg (fresh)
Uses: Fresh, dried.
Note: Potenal aquarium sh
Family: Belonidae
Sciencname: Strongylura leiura
Common name: Banded needle sh
Local name: Nga-taung-sein; Nga-phong-yoo-gyi (ig;awmifpdrf;? ig;azmifdk;MuD;) (Plate 4)
Habitat and biology: Pelagic, common in coastal and estuarine water; schooling, acve at
night; feed on small sh and crustacean at surface or mid-water (both surface and column feeder).
Aains size up to 73 cm.
Morphology: Body elongated, laterally compressed, almost rectangular in cross secon; upper and
lower jaw elongated with sharp teeth. Anal and dorsal ns forming disnct anterior lobe; dorsal
n origin above anal n origin; Teeth on both jaws, upper jaw no protracle; caudal n truncated.
Upper caudal n lobe has more rays than that of thelower lobe. No spines in ns.
Color: Top of head and back greenish; silvery stripped along side; lower ank and ventral surface
white; p of dorsal and anal n lobes yellowish.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Mouths of Rivers, Pyke Seik Toung Maw and Kalein Toung
Size range recorded: 20-35 cm
Fishing sites: Surface of all open water in the river mouths in Wunbaik Reserved
Forest
Fishing gear: Beach seine, surface and column water stow net , Cast net
Local market price: 750-1000 kyat/kg (fresh)
Uses:Fresh, dried.
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Plate5:Pseudorhombus arius. Large tooth ounder (ig;zuf&Guf)
Plate 6:Cynoglossus lingua. Tongue sole (ig;pyfpm? ig;acG;&Sm)
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Family: Bothidae ( Le eyed ounders ).
Sciencname: Pseudorhombus arius
Common name: Large tooth ounder
Local name : Nga-phet-ywat (ig;zuf&Guf) (Plate 5)
Habitat and biology: Benthic, inhabit in coastal estuaries and inshore; depth ranged 10-100
meters; burrowing in mud or sand at day me. Feed on small invertebrates and shes. Aains size
up to 35 cm.
Morphology: Body oval and aened; mouth protracle; and symmetrical; no n spines, dorsal
n origin anterior to upper eye, dorsal n and caudal n separate from caudal n; pectoral n
present; pelvic n base short.
Color: Eyed side brownish with various dark spots and rings; two smaller spot on lateral line and
posterior; medium ns with dark spots.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Mouth of Zareik River
Size range : 12-15 cm
Fishing sites: Open and brackish water with muddy boom along the Rivers Pykeseik
Toung Maw, Zerike and Kaleain Toung
Fishing gear: Beach seine, Boom stow net , Cast net
Local market price: (650 -750) kyat/kg (fresh)
Uses: fresh, dried
Family: Cynoglosssidae (Le eyed ounders)
Sciencname: Cynoglossus lingua
Common name: Tongue sole
Local name: Nga-sat-sar ; Nga-khwae-shar (ig;pyfpm? ig;acG;&Sm) (Plate 6)
Habitat and biology: Common in coastal and estuarine waters. Inhabit muddy or sandy boom in
dal zone of large rivers. Feed on benthic invertebrates. Aains size up to 38 cm.
Morphology: Body tongue shaped, snout pointed, mouth cle well beyond lower eyes. Dorsal
and anal ns conuent with caudal n; dorsal n originate in front of eyes; pectoral n absent, no
spines in n. Only le pelvic n developed and connected with anal n. Two lateral lines on eyed
side. Ten rays in caudal n.
Color: Ocular side reddish brown, oen with irregular brown-black patches; a large blotch on
operculum.
Sample Detail
Sampling site River Mouth of Zerike
Size range recorded: 8-12 cm
Fishing sites: Open estuarine and coastal water with muddy boom along the
Rivers
Pyke Seik Toung Maw, Zerike and Ka Leain Toung
Fishing gear: Beach seine, Boom stow net, Cast net
Local market price:600-750 kyat/kg
Uses: Fresh, dried
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Plate 7:Selaroides leptolepis. Yellow stripped scad (rsufqHus,f? ig;l;)
Plate 8:Lates calcarifer. Sea bass (uuwpf? ig;o'dkuff)
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Family: Carangidae
Sciencname: Selaroides leptolepis
Common name: Yellow stripped scad
Local name: Myat-san-kyel; Nga-yoou (rsufqHus,f ? ig;&l;) (Plate 7)
Habitat and biology: Commonly found over so-habitat in coastal waters and estuaries, also
ascends into freshwater reaches. Acve at daymes, feed on mollusks and small shes. Aains
size up to 15 cm.
Morphology: Body oblong and compressed; dorsal and ventral prole enrely curved; adipose eye
ssue well developed; lateral line curved and covered with scutes at posterior; rst dorsal n with
spiny rays; anal n with 3 spines; caudal n deeply forked; keel on caudal peduncle.
Color: Body bluish-green above, white below, all ns pale to yellowish; disnct black spot on
operculum.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Mouth of River Kathoung
Size range recorded: 5-15 cm
Fishing sites: Mouth of Rivers Kathoung, Zerike and Kaleain Toung
Fishing gear: Beach seine, Surround net, Surface stow net
Local market price: 600-750 kyat/kg (fresh)
Uses: Fresh, dried and salted
Family: Centropomidae
Sciencname: Lates calcarifer
Common name: Sea bass
Local name: Ka-ka-dit ; Nga-tha-dite (uuwpf ? ig;o'dkuff) (Plate 8)
Habitat and biology: Migrant sh, Inhabing estuaries, river mouths opening to the sea, common
in coastal muddy areas in dry season, returns to estuarine and marine environment for spawning
during monsoon. Juveniles are plenty in dal mangrove waters. Feed on crustaceans and shes.
Depth range 10-40 meters. Feed on small shes and crustaceans. Aains size up to 200 cm.
Morphology: Body elongate, moderately compressed; mouth large and slightly oblique, teeth on
jaws. Opercle with single stout spine, pre-operculum serrated; dorsal n dividing spiny and so
rayed parts, spiny dorsal n with 7-8 rays, 8-11 branched rays in so dorsal n; caudal n rounded,
lateral line reaching to p of caudal n.
Color: Adult with olive brown above with silvery ank and belly; juvenile greenish above and silvery
below, eyes bright, glowing at night.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Mouth of River Kathoung
Size range recorded: 15-35 cm
Fishing sites: Open waters of small rivers, rivulets and large mangrove creeks
Fishing gear: Beach seine, Surround net, Stow net
Local market price: 900-1000 kyat/kg (highly preferred commercial sh)
Uses:Fresh, dried
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Plate 9:Chaetodon descussatus. Buery sh (ig;vdyfjym)
Plate 10:Anodontostoma chacunda. Chacunda shad (ig;0rf;yl? ig;0ufpyf)
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Family: Chaetodondae
Sciencname: Chaetodon descussatus
Common name: Buery sh
Local name: Nga-leik-pyar (ig;vdyfjym) (Plate 9)
Habitat and biology: Inhabing shallow and sheltered water in lagoons and reef; occasionally to
100 meter depth. Feed on worms and sessile invertebrates; Aains size up to 20 cm.
Morphology: Body deep oval and compressed; mouth small, protracble with ne teeth, snout
pointed; dorsal n single with 16 spines; rayed secon of vercal n usually higher than spiny
secons; eye band present, 3 spines in anal n.
Color: Alternang yellow and black bands in caudal n, at the posterior end of dorsal and anal ns;
Transverse diagonal stripes on the sides of body.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Mouth of River Kathoung
Size range recorded: 10-16 cm
Fishing sites:, Mouths of Rivers Kathoung Zareik and Kaleaindaung
Fishing gear: Beach seine, Stow net, and Long line
Local market price: 300-500 kyat/kg (Fresh)
Uses: Fresh
Note: Potenal aquarium sh
Family: Clupeidae
Sciencname: Anodontostoma chacunda
Common name: Chacunda shad
Local name: Nga-one-pu ; Nga-wet-cert (ig;0rf;yl? ig;0ufpyf) (Plate 10)
Habitat and biology: Pelagic, usually found in coastal, estuarine and marine waters, ascend rivers
to upper dal zone, mainly over mud banks and mud and sand, enter to clear water over coral
reefs for food. Depth range 1- 25 meter; feed on planktons; form large schools. Aains size up to
17 cm.
Morphology: Body very deep, laterally compressed; mouth inferior. Fins without spines, dorsal n
short, Placed nearly mid point of body; anal n inserted behind dorsal n; pectoral n set low on
body; pelvic n placed at mid point between anal n and pectoral n base; caudal n deeply forked.
Color: Body silver with a large black spot behind gill opening; lines formed of spots along rows of
scales in upper parts third of body; ns hyaline.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Mouth of River Kalein Toung
Size range recorded: 15-20 cm
Fishing sites: Open mangrove waters of all large rivers and rivulets
Fishing gear: Stow net, Dri gill net
Local market price: 400-600 kyat/kg (fresh)
Uses: Fresh, smoked, salted
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Plate 11:Tenualosa illisha. Hilsa shad (ig;oavmuf)
Plate 12: Drepane punctata. Spoed sickle back (qifem;&Guf? ig;ykvJJ)
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Family: Clupeidae
Sciencname: Tenualosa illisha
Common name: Hilsa shad
Local name: Nga-tha-lauk (ig;oavmuf) (Plate 11)
Habitat, Biology: Pelagic, prefer muddy shallow mangrove waters, anadromous migrant marine
sh, swims in large schools, enter upper dal reach of river for spawning. Feed on invertebrates,
crustaceans, algae and diatoms. Plenty of juveniles in mangrove creeks. Aains size up to 50 cm.
Morphology: Body fusiform, moderately compressed with a complete series of scutes along the
abdomen (pelvic scute always present); no scale on head; mouth terminal, minute teeth on jaw.
Dorsal n single, short, no spines, placed near midpoint of body. Pectoral ns set low on body;
pelvic ns just anterior dorsal-n base; anal n short; caudal n deeply forked.
Color: Blue-green on back, silvery on anks, dark pigmentaon on part of dorsal, pectoral, anal,
and caudal ns.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: River Mouth of Kathoung
Size range recorded: 20-30 cm
Fishing sites: Open waters of all large rivers fringed with mangroves and mouths of
rivers or creeks converging the sea
Fishing gear: Beach seine, Dri gill net, Surround net, Stow net
Local market price: 600-900 kyat/kg (Fresh), highly commercial
Uses: Fresh, salted
Family: Drepanidae
Sciencname: Drepane punctata
Common name: Spoed sickle back
Local name: Sin-nar-ywat; Nga palae (qifem;&Guf? ig;ykvJJ) (Plate 12)
Habitat and Biology: Benthic, neric, juveniles in large schools on mud banks. Migrate to sandstone
coral or rocky areas when adult. Feeds on invertebrate and bivalve mollusks; Aains size up to 40 cm.
Morphology: Body oval and strongly compressed; snout prole concave, the eye well above
horizontal line; ventral edge of preopercle serrate in juveniles; mouth highly protracble downward;
jaws with teeth. Adults have bony knob on inter-orbital region. Dorsal n single with 9-10 spines
and 20-22 so rays; anal n with 3 spines and 16 -19 rays; pectoral ns elongate reaching caudal
peduncle; caudal n rounded, almost truncate in adults.
Color: Body silvery; 5 to 10 series of vercal arranged black spots below dorsal n to caudal
peduncle; ns dusky yellow; 2 or 3 longitudinal rows of small dark spots on so dorsal n.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Mouth of Rivers Kathoung and Kyaung Poke
Size range recorded: 5-15 cm
Fishing sites: Open waters of large mangrove fringed river mouths
Fishing gear: Beach seine, Fence net, Dri gill net, Stow net
Local market price:600-750 kyat/kg (fresh)
Uses: Fresh, dried
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Plate 13:Coilia dussumieri. Gold spoed grenadier anchovy (jrD;wHoG,f)
Plate 14:Coilia ramcari. Ramcarat grenadier anchovy (jrD;wHoG,f)
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Family: Engraulididae
Sciencname: Coilia dussumieri
Common name: Goldspoed grenadier anchovy
Local name: Mee-tan-thwae (jrD;wHoG,f) (Plate 13)
Habitat and Biology: Pelagic; migrant, inhabing coastal and estuarine waters, higher range
of salinity tolerance; from fully saline water to almost fresh water; feeds larvae of shes and
crustaceans; light organ developed on body (only species among clupeoid shes). Aains size up
to 20 cm.
Morphology: Medium-sized rat-tailed anchovy, characterized by a long tapering body; belly
rather rounded before pelvic n base; 12 to 15 keeled scutes just behind pectoral n base to anus.
Pectoral n with 6 long laments and 9 to 11 branched n rays; pelvic n with 7 rays; anal n long;
caudal n pointed.
Color: Flanks and belly with golden or pearly spots in rows below scales, also along isthmus, along
edge of lower jaw and a few on cheek and gill cover.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Mouth of River Kaleing Toung
Size range recorded: 10-15 cm
Fishing sites: Open water of all along large river mouths in Wunbaik Reserved
Mangrove Forest
Fishing gear: Fence net, Beach seine, Stow net
Local market price: 300-500 kyat/kg (fresh)
Uses: Fresh, dried
Family: Engraulididae
Sciencname: Coilia ramcari
Common name: Ramcarat grenadier anchovy
Local name: Mee-tan-thwae (jrD;wHoG,f) (Plate 14)
Habitat and Biology: Common in coastal estuarine and in marine waters, schooling and swimming
in the surface of mangrove creeks, entering to upper reach of large rivers. Aains size up to 15 cm.
Morphology: Body tapering, belly with 13-16 ventral scute (keeled). Pectoral n with 6 detached
lamentous rays. Pelvic n with 9-10 n rays.
Color: Yellowish silver colored with hyaline ns.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Mouth of River Kaleing Toung
Size range recorded: 10-15 cm
Fishing sites: Open water of all alaong large river moutrhs in Wunbaik Reserved
Mangrove Forest
Fishing gear: Beach seine, Fence net, Dri gill net and Stow net
Local market price: Fresh 300-500 kyat/kg
Uses: Fresh, dried
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Plate15: Sapinna wheeleri. Scaly hair n anchovy (ig;yg;&Sm;? ig;yg;)
Plate 16:Thryssa mystax. Moustached thryssa (ig;yg;&Sm;)
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Family: Engraulididae
Sciencname: Sepinna wheeleri
Common name: Scaly hairn anchovy
Local name: Nga-pa-sharr ; Nga-parr (ig;yg;&Sm;? ig;yg;) (Plate 15)
Habitat and biology: Marine, migrant, pelagic and schooling on mangrove waters, mainly
coastal, but also entering estuaries and lower reaches of the large rivers. Feed mainly on larger
zooplanktons, small shrimp and shes. Aains size up to 30 cm.
Morphology: Body strongly compressed; scales present on dorsal and anal ns, belly with keel
from isthmus to anus. Caudal n forked, upper lobe truncated and shorter than the lower; pectoral
n with elongated rst ray.
Color: Body silver gray, ns hyaline, pectoral and caudal n with dark margin
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Mouth of River Kalein Toung
Size range recorded: 10-15 cm
Fishing sites: In large river mouths, creeks and rivulets fringed with mangroves
Fishing gear: Beach seine, Dri gill net
Local market price: Fresh 300-500 kyat/kg
Uses: Fresh, dried, grilled
Family: Engraulididae
Sciencname: Thryssa mystax
Common name: Moustached thryssa
Local name: Nga-pa-sharr (ig;yg;&Sm;)(Plate 16)
Habitat and biology: Estuaries and lower reaches of the large rivers. Pelagic, feeds mainly on
larger zooplanktons, small shrimp and shes. Aains size up to 16 cm.
Morphology: Body compressed, Tip of snout at level of eye center; maxillary p reaching to 1st
pectoral.
n ray. Pelvis n abdominal, ventral keel present before and behind pelvic n based.
Color: Body silvery gray; black patch behind operculum; p of dorsal n as upper lower and hinder
the margins of caudal n black.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Mouth of River Kaleing Toung
Size range recorded: 5-15 cm
Fishing sites: In large river mouths and mangrove creeks
Fishing gear: Beach seine, Dri gill net
Local market price: 300-500 kyat/kg
Uses: Fresh, dried, grilled
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Plate 17:Gerres abbreviates. Deep body silver biddy (ig;qDtdk;)
Plate 18: Gerres lamentosus. Whip n silver biddy (ig;qDtdk;)
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Family: Gerreidae
Sciencname: Gerres abbreviates
Common name: Deep body silver biddy
Local name: Nga-se-ooh (ig;qDtdk;) (Plate 17)
Habitat and biology: Common in the coastal estuaries and marine waters to depth about 60 cm,
Occur on mud or mud and sand substrate. Oen enter to the upper dal areas of the rivers even
to freshwater areas. Boom feeder, feed on small sh, crustaceans and mollusks. Aains size up
to 35 cm.
Morphology: Body oblong and compressed. Mouth terminal and extremely protracble downward
as a pointed tube; scale large, thin and easily lost, on head and body, forming sheath along anal
and dorsal n bases; dorsal n connuous.
Color: Dark longitudinal line along scale rows; ventral n yellow, black edge on dorsal n, white
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Creek Nga Yet Kyi and the Mouth of River Kalein Taung
Size range recorded: 10-15 cm
Fishing sites: River mouths of large mangrove creeks and rivulets
Fishing gear: Beach seine, Boom stow net
Local market price: Fresh 500-750 kyat/kg
Uses: Fresh, dried
Family: Gerreidae
Sciencname: Gerres lamentosus
Common name: Whip n silver biddy
Local name: Nga-se-ooh (ig;qDtdk;) (Plate 18)
Habitat and biology: Common in the coastal estuaries and marine water to depth about 60 cm
over mud or mud and sand substrate. Oen enter to the upper dal areas of the rivers even to
freshwater areas. Boom feeder, feed on small sh, crustaceans and mollusks. Aains size up to
35 cm.
Morphology: Body oblong and compressed. Mouth terminal and extremely protracble downward
as a pointed tube; scale large, thin and easily lost, on head and body, forming sheath along anal
and dorsal n bases; dorsal n connuous, 2nd dorsal n rays produced into lament.
Color: 7-8 vercal bars of brown blotches over sides; a row of brown checks on mid dorsal n
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Creek Nga Yet Kyi and the Mouth of River Kalein Taung
Size range recorded: 10-15 cm
Fishing sites: The river mouths of large mangrove creeks and rivulets
Fishing gear: Beach seine, Boom stow net
Local market price: 500-750 kyat/kg (fresh)
Uses: Fresh, dried
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Plate 19:Acentrogobius caninus. Spoed green goby (ig;o0ufzdk)
Plate 20:Bathygobius fuscus. Frill goby (ig;&Sydk;? ig;,uf)
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Family: Gobiidae
Sciencname: Acentrogobius caninus
Common name: Spoed green goby
Local name: Nga-tha-wet-hpo (ig;o0ufzdk) (Plate 19)
Habitat and biology: Found in mud and sand boom in mangrove and coastal bays, also in estuaries
and rivers. Benthic, feed on boom invertebrates, Aains size up to 13 cm.
Morphology: Body cylindrical, head rounded, mouth oblique terminal; eyes close together on top
of head; 2 separate dorsal ns, 8 spines in 1st dorsal n and 1 spine in 2nd dorsal n; anal n with
one feebly spine; ventral n fused and cup-liked.
Color: Blackish-green laterally with black spots, each scales on upper half of the body with dark
spots; so dorsal n and upper half of caudal n speckle with black spots, scapular with blue spot,
body with large spots.
Sample Detail
Sampling site Creek Palae Nwe
Size range recorded: 7-12 cm
Fishing sites: Interdal creeks connecng the River Than Zeik
Fishing gear: Beach seine, Fence net
Local market price: Fresh 300-450 kyat/kg
Ulizaon: Fresh
Note: Potenal aquarium sh?
Family: Gobiidae
Sciencname: Bathygobius fuscus
Common name: Frill goby
Local name: Nga-sha-boe ; Nga-yet (ig;&Sydk;? ig;,uf) (Plate 20)
Habitat and biology: Found in shallow brackish water in coastal, estuaries and interdal zone.
Benthic, feed on boom invertebrates, Aains size up to 9 cm.
Morphology: Body elongate anteriorly; sub cylindrical, compressed in posterior, head depressed;
mouth slightly oblique, teeth on jaws. Dorsal n separate, uppermost pectoral n rays free from
membrane near ps; pelvic n fused cup-liked.
Color: Olivaceous-brown with irregular blotches on anks; side of head with whish spots; dorsal
n dusky with broad stripe.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Creek Palae Nwe
Size range recorded: 7-12 cm
Fishing sites: The muddy banks of the mangrove creeks
Fishing gear: Beach seine, Fence net, Cast net
Local market value: Fresh 750-900 kyat/kg
Ulizaon: Fresh
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Plate 21:Boleopthalmus boddar. Goggle eyed goby (Mud skipper) (ig;a'gif;aysmuf)
Plate 22:Glossogobius giuris. Tank goby (uoydk;? i&Sydk;)
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Family: Gobiidae
Sciencname: Boleopthalmus boddar
Common name: Goggle eyed goby, Mud skipper
Local name: Nga-daung-pyaut (ig;a'gif;aysmuf) (Plate 21)
Habitat and biology: Inhabit in coastal estuaries and upper dal zone. Burrow in mud at of shallow
water; feed on algae and detritus. Highly Acve, shule back and forth between the burrows and
atmospheric air. Aains size up to 22 cm.
Morphology: Body very elongate, and compressed; head sub cylindrical; eyes closely place above
the dorsal prole of head and movable; dorsal n separate, pelvic n fused, cup-liked; caudal n
round.
Color: Greenish color and pale in the ventral side; bluish or light green spots on head body and
dorsal n; dark diagonal bands on the body.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Creek Ye Ne Gyi and River Than Zeik
Size range recorded: 10-12 cm
Fishing sites: Interdal mud ats
Fishing gear: Beach seine, Fence net, Cast net
Local market price: Fresh 300-450 kyat/kg
Uses: Fresh
Note: Potenal aquarium sh
Family: Gobiidae
Sciencname: Glossogobius giuris
Common name: Tank goby
Local name: Ka-tha-bo; Nga-sha-poe (uoydk;? i&Sydk;) (Plate 22)
Habitat and biology: Inhabits lower reaches and estuaries, occasionally found in up streams. Feed
on small insects, crustaceans and shes. Beer growth in brackish water; Aains size up to 30 cm.
Morphology: Body cylindrical, dorsal n separated, caudal n round, head large and slightly
depress, mouth terminal, lower jaw projecng. Pelvic n fused and forming cup liked.
Color: Body dark or olive brown with 5-6 dark blotches; ns hyaline with dusky spots; cheek with
thin pale stripe.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Creek Nga Yet Kyi and River Kalein Taung
Size range recorded: 10-16 cm
Fishing sites: Shallow muddy banks of rivers and creeks inside mangroves
Fishing gear: Beach seine, Fence net, Boom stow net
Local market value: Fresh 900-1200 kyat/kg
Uses: Fresh, dried
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Plate 23:Pseudapocryptes lamceolatus. Goby (ig;,ufjzL)
Plate 24:Pomadasys commersonni. Small spoed grunter (ig;*Hk;)
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Plate25:Pomadasys olivaceum. Olive grunt (ig;*Hk;)
Plate 26:Zenarchopterus sp. Haleak (ig;azmifdk;? ig;awmifzkef;)
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Family: Haemulidae
Sciencname: Pomadasys olivaceum
Common name: Olive grunt
Local name: Nga-gowne (ig;*Hk;) (Plate 25)
Habitat& biology: Benthic, coastal to marine, common in the shallow coastal estuary, to deep
water. Prefer muddy boom. Carnivores, feed on crustaceans and small shes. Aains size up to
50 cm. Depth to 30 meters.
Morphology: Body oblong; 2 pores and a medium pit on chin. Dorsal n 9-15 spines, anal n 3
spines with 7-8 so rays, caudal n truncate.
Color: Body olive color, large blotch on upper end of pre-operculum
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Mouth of River Kalein Taung
Size range recorded: 10-15 cm
Fishing areas: River mouths fringed with mangroves
Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Boom long line
Local market price: 900- 1200 kyat/kg
Uses: Fresh, dried
Family: Hemiramphidae
Sciencname: Zenarchopterus sp
Common name: Haleak
Local name: Nga-phoun-gyoo, Nga-taung-phone (ig;azmif&dk;? ig;awmifzkef;) (Plate 26)
Habitat & biology: Pelagic, swimming near surface, common in coastal and o shore waters.
Migrant, entering estuaries and even freshwater. Feed on planktons. Aains size up to 23 cm.
Morphology: Body very elongate and slender, laterally compress. Lower jaw elongated, upper jaw
triangular and projecng forward from snout, teeth small. Pectoral n placed higher up. Pelvic n
in posterior; caudal n truncate.
Color: Silvery greenish and nearly translucent, almost the same color of water where they live
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Creek Nga Yet Kyi and the mouth of River Kalein Taung
Size range recorded: 10-15 cm
Fishing areas: Open waters of rivers and large creeks.
Fishing gear: Beach seine, Fence net, Cast net
Local market price: Fresh 600 kyat/kg
Uses: Fresh, dried
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Plate 27:Sargocentron rubrum. Red coat grouper (ig;aMu;rm)
Plate 28: Thalassoma lunare. Moon wrass (ig;oifacsm)
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Family: Holocentridae
Sciencname: Sargocentron rubrum
Common name: Red coat grouper
Local name: Nga-kyai-mar ; Nga-ne-kyae-gyan (ig;aMu;rm? ig;eDaMu;Murf;) (Plate 27)
Habitat & biology: Benthic, from shallow coastal water associated with coral reefs and in rocky
areas. Depth to 30 meters; acve at night. Feed on benthic crustaceans. Aains size up to 32 cm.
Morphology: Body elongate, spiny and so dorsal n separated. Bone of head with highly serrated;
two sharp poisonous spines at upper edge of pre-opercle; anal n with four strong spines; caudal
n forked.
Color: Dark spots at the base of so dorsal n and anal n; white stripe along each body scale row;
spinous dorsal membrane reddish white; so dorsal, anal and caudal n yellow leading edge and
margin crimson; p of ventral blackish.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Mouth of River Kalein Taung
Size range recorded: 10-25 cm
Fishing areas: Open water of all rivers and large creek
Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Long line
Local market price: Fresh 500-750 kyat/kg
Uses: Fresh, dried but rarely eaten
Family: Labridae
Sciencname: Thalassoma lunare
Common name: Moon wrass
Local name: Nga-thin-chaw (ig;oifacsm) (Plate 28)
Habitat & biology: Demersal, associated with shallow coral and rocky reefs, prefer sandy boom.
Feed on benthic invertebrates and sh eggs; depth to 20 meter. Aains size up to 30 cm.
Morphology: Body elongate, laterally compressed; caudal n truncate with elongated rst and last rays
Color: Body bright green to blue with a vercal red band on each scale, red or purple lines on head;
small individuals with a large black spot in dorsal n and caudal n based.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Mouth of River Kalein Taung
Size range recorded: 10-26 cm
Fishing areas: Open water of all rivers and large creeks connected to the sea
Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Boom long line, Boom set gill net
Local market price: Fresh 600-750 kyat/kg
Uses: Rarely eaten, potenal aquarium sh
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Plate 29: Leiognathus equulus. Orange n pony sh (ig;'*Fg;? ig;0dkif;)
Plate 30:Leiognathus bidus. Commmon pony sh (ig;Zae;? ig;'*Fg;)
Leiognathidae
Leiognathidae
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Family: Leiognathidae
Sciencname: Leiognathus equulus
Common name: Orange n pony sh
Local name: Nga-dingar; Nga-waing (ig;'*Fg;? ig;0dkif;) (Plate 29)
Habitat and biology: Found in shallow coastal water to depths of 40 meters, over sand substratum
swim near surface and boom, adult schooling. Feed on polychaetes, crustaceans and small shes.
Aains size up to 24 cm.
Morphology: Body deep and strongly compressed; Dorsal and ventral proles usually equal with
short rounded snout, large eyes; no scale on head and breast; two antero-orbital spine forming as
a blade; mouth protracble forward and downward; teeth on jaw.
Color: Caudal peduncle with a small brown saddle. No coloraon on spinous dorsal n
Sample Detail
Sampling staon: Creek Do Ra Ta and River Pykeseik Toung Maw
Size range recorded: 7-10 cm
Fishing sites: Large Rivers and rivulets fringed with mangroves
Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Beach seine, Fence net
Local market price: Fresh 700-900 kyat/kg
Uses: Fresh, dried
Family: Leiognathidae
Sciencname: Leiognathus bidus
Common name: Common pony sh
Local name: Nga-za-nae; Nga-dingar; Nga-waing (ig;Zae;? ig;'*Fg;? ig;0dkif;) (Plate 30)
Habitat and biology: Found in shallow coastal water to depths of 40 meters, prefers sand
substratum; adult schooling common; feed on polychaetes, crustaceans and small shes. Aains
size up to 11 cm.
Morphology: Body round to oblong, strongly compressed; dorsal and ventral proles usually
equal; mouth protracble forward and downward; nuchal spine developed ; single dorsal n with
8 spines and 16 rays; Anal n with 13 spines and 14 rays; caudal n forked.
Color: Silvery with dark grey ank; outer half of spinous dorsal n pale yellow to orange with a
black line beneath; anal spine pped with orange; so dorsal grayish; other n colorless.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Mouth of River Kalein Taung
Size range recorded: 10-16 cm
Fishing areas: Open waters of river mouths fringed with mangroves converging the sea
Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Beach seine, Fence net
Local market price: Fresh 900-1400 kyat/kg
Ulizaon: Fresh, dried
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Plate 31:Leiognathus fasciatus. Striped pony sh (ig;'*Fg;)
Plate 32: Secutor insidiator. Pignose pony sh (ig;'*Fg;? ig;0dkif;)
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Family: Leiognathidae
Sciencname: Leiognathus fasciatus
Common name: Striped pony sh
Local name: Nga-din-gar (ig;'*Fg;) (Plate 31)
Habitat and biology: Found in shallow coastal water to depths of 40 meters, over sand substratum
swim near surface and boom, adult schooling common. Feed on polychates, crustaceans and
small shes. Aains size up to 21 cm.
Morphology: Body deep and strongly compressed; dorsal and ventral proles usually equal; large
eyes; no scale on head and breast; Two antero-orbital spine forming as a blade; mouth protrusible
forward and downward; teeth on jaw; so dorsal and anal spine elongated.
Color: Dark vercal line on upper part of body are more widely space; yellow oval spot in horizontal
rows following the lateral line; posterior margin of caudal lobe dusky or black.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Mouth of River Kalein Taung
Size range recorded: 5-10 cm
Fishing areas: Open waters of large rivers and creeks with mangroves
Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Beach seine, Fence net
Local market price: Fresh 600-900 kyat/kg
Uses: Fresh, dried
Family: Leiognathidae
Sciencname: Secutor insidiator
Common name: Pignose pony sh
Local name: Nga-dingar; Nga-waing (ig;'*Fg;? ig;0dkif;) (Plate 32)
Habitat and biology: Inhabit shallow coastal; occasionally enter brackish water and estuaries.
Aains size up to 11 cm.
Morphology: Body oval and compressed; ventral prole more convex than dorsal prole; nostril
above orbit; mouth small, poinng upward when protracted; lower jaw ascend upward nearly 90;
one anterio-orbital spine.
Color: Silvery, upper half with pearly blue spots; the bars on upper side are faint; but on anterior
part more like blue spot or blotches; margins of spinous dorsal n speckled black.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Mouth of River Kalein Taung
Size range recorded: 4-7 cm
Fishing areas: Open water of all large rivers and river mouth
Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Beach seine, Fence net
Local market price: Fresh 300-400 kyat/kg
Uses: Fresh, dried, mostly used as animal feed
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Plate 33:Datnioides quadrifaciatus. Four barred ger sh (ausmufig;0uf)
Plate 34:Lutjanus johnii. Mangrove red snapper (iacG;reD? irSwfxif)
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Family: Lobodae
Scienicname: Datnioides quadrifaciatus
Common name: Four-barred-ger-sh
Local name: Kyauk-nga-wet (ausmufig;0uf) (Plate 33)
Habitat and biology: Inhabit estuaries and coastal water. Voracious predator, Camouage as
oang leaves in shallow bank and dart prey. Aains size up to 30 cm.
Morphology: Body elevated and compressed; upper jaw protracble; operculum edge serrated;
mouth large; Every alternave dorsal spine thicken on one side; anal spines strong, 2nd is the
strongest.
Color: Olive-brown color, pale to downward, 8-10 dark brown paral bands on body; black spot
on operculum.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Creek Dorahta and River Pykeseik Taung Maw
Size range recorded: 12-15 cm
Fishing areas: Mangrove fringed creeks and rivulets
Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Beach seine, Fence net
Local market price 600-750 kyat/kg
Ulizaon: Fresh, dried
Note: Potenal aquarium sh
Family: Lutjanidae
Sciencname: Lutjanus johnii
Common name: Johns snapper, Mangrove red snapper
Local name: Nga-khwae-ma-ne; Nga-hmat-hn (iacG;reD? irSwfxif) (Plate 34)
Habitat and biology: Demersal, prefer muddy or sandy mud boom. Young are found in mangrove
estuarine and brackish waters. Adult migrate to deep oshore to depths of 80 meters. Aains size
up to 120cm.
Morphology: Oblong to deep-bodied; moderately compressed; perch like sh; head prole slightly
convex; mouth large, terminal; teeth on jaws; pre-operculum margin serrated; single connuous
dorsal n with 9-12 spines and 7-10 branched rays; anal ns with 3 spines and 7-11 branched rays;
caudal n truncated.
Color: Body silvery pale-red or bronze with disnct spot on each scale forming a length-wise series
of dark streaks; large black spot present above lateral line at juncon of spinous and so parts of
dorsal n.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Creek Nga Yet Kyi and the mouths of Rivers Zareik and Kaleain Taung
Size range recorded: 12-15 cm
Fishing areas: Mouths of large rivers and creeks inside mangroves
Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Beach seine, Fence net, Boom long line
Local market price: Fresh 900-1200 kyat/kg
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Plate35:Lutjanus lutjanus. Bigeye snapper (a&Tig;? ig;v0g)
Plate 36:Liza parsia. Gold spot mullet (ubDvl; ? ig;uifnif;)
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Uses: Fresh, dried
Family: Lutjanidae
Sciencname: Lutjanus lutjanus
Common name: Big eye snapper
Local name: Shwe-ngar; Nga-la-war (a&Tig;? ig;v0g) (Plate 35)
Habitat and biology: Benthic, found in inshore water with sand or mud boom associated with
reefs and sandstones to depth of 60 meters; frequently occurs as large schools; migratory. Aains
size up to 30 cm.
Morphology: Oblong to deep-bodied; moderately compressed; eyes large; mouth large and
terminal; teeth on jaws; pre-operculum margin serrated; single connuous dorsal n with 9-12
spines and 7-10 branched so rays; anal ns with 3 spines and 7-11 branched so rays; dorsal, anal
and caudal ns with scale; caudal n truncated.
Color: Body usually golden brown, dusky white below; with yellow and dark-yellow horizontal line.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Creek Nga Yet Kyi and the mouths of Rivers Zareik and Kaleain Tound
Size range recorded: 15-20 cm
Fishing areas: Mouths of large rivers and creek and open mangrove waters
Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Beach seine, Fence net, Boom long line
Local market price: Fresh 900-1200 kyat/kg
Uses: Fresh, dried
Family: Mugilidae
Sciencname: Liza parsia
Common name: Gold spot mullet
Local name: Ka-be-lu ; Nga-kin-nyin (ubDvl; ? ig;uifnif;) (Plate 36)
Habitat and biology: Inhabing coastal waters and estuaries over muddy boom; adaptable to
great changes of salinity; spawn at sea, the young enter nursery areas, estuaries at about water
about 1-1.5 cm. Aains size up to 90 cm
Morphology: Body usually robust, elongated; head wide and aened; mouth small; two dorsal
n , 1st dorsal n with 4 spines, 2nd dorsal n with one spine; pectoral n high on body; Anal n
with 3 spines and 9 soy rays.
Color: Body olive-green on back; silvery on anks; shading to white below; a golden spot on
operculum; dorsal and caudal n with dusky margin, caudal n shallow forked.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Creek Hmoe Hin Toung and the River Kaleain Tound
Size range recorded: 25-35 cm
Fishing area: Open water in large rivers and creek.
Fishing gear: Surface stow net, Beach seine, Fence net, Hook and line
Local market price: Fresh 600-900 kyat/kg
Uses: Fresh, dried
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Plate37:Upeneus sulphureus. Sulphur goaish (MudK;0g? ig;rkwfqdwf)
Plate 38:Upeneus assymetricus. Striped goaish (ig;aMu;Murf;)
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Family: Mullidae
Sciencname: Upeneus sulphureus
Common name: Sulphur goaish
Local name: Kyo-war; Nga-moat-seik (MudK;0g? ig;rkwfqdwf) (Plate 37)
Habitat and biology: Demersal; inhabit coastal waters; prefers muddy boom and estuaries. Feed
on worms and small crustaceans in so boom. Aains size up to 23 cm
Morphology: Body moderately elongates; chin with a pair of slander barbels; 7-8 spines in 1st
dorsal n, 1 spine in 2nd dorsal n; tail forked.
Color: Back greenish moled with bronze, silvery white on ank with two yellow narrow stripes;
Dorsal n with three yellowish brown stripes; no stripes on caudal n.
Sample Detail
Sampling sites: Creek Hmoe Hin Toung and the River Kaleain Tound
Size range recorded: 12-15 cm
Fishing areas: Large Rivers and creeks inside mangroves
Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Beach seine, Fence net
Local market price: Fresh 600- 900 kyat/kg
Uses: Fresh, value added dried
Family: Mullidae
Sciencname: Upeneus assymetricus
Common name: Striped goaish
Local name: Nga kyae gung ; Kyo war (ig;aMu;Murf; ? MudK;0g) (Plate 38)
Habitat and biology: Demersal, common in coastal areas and in estuaries; Aains size up to 13 cm
Morphology: Body oblong, slightly compressed; under side of head and belly at; two eshy
barbels on chin; head blunt; two dorsal ns widely separated and stripped, rst dorsal n ray
longest; ventral n with auxiliary scale; caudal n forked.
Color: Gold band from eye to caudal peduncle; dorsal, ventral and anal ns white crossed by 3-4
orange to oblique bands; caudal n lobes crossed by 4-5 crimson bands pped with dark brown;
ventral side pale or dusky.
Sample Detail
Sampling sites Mouth of River Kyaung poke
Size range recorded: 8-14 cm
Fishing sites: River mouths and open waters of large rivers and creeks with
mangroves
Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Beach seine, Fence net
Local market price: Fresh 600-900 kyat/kg
Uses: Fresh, value added dried
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Plate 39:Congresox talabon. Yellow pike conger (ig;a&T? oifaygif;xdk;)
Plate 40:Nemipterus peronii. Thread n bream (a&Tig;)
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Family: Muraenisocidae
Sciencname: Congresox talabon
Common name: Yellow pike conger
Local name: Nga-shwe ; Thin-baun-htoe (ig;a&T? oifaygif;xdk;) (Plate 39)
Habitat and biology: Demersal, benthic on so substrata; marine also found in coastal estuaries
with mud boom to 100 meter depths. Nocturnal, feed on invertebrate and crustaceans. Aains
size up to 80 cm.
Morphology: Body robust and eel shaped, mouth very large, upper jaw well behind eye; dorsal n
inserted before gill-opening; pectoral n relavely large and long, lateral line pores before level
of anus; dorsal, caudal and anal ns are conuences; dorsal n origin over or before pectoral n
origin.
Color: Head and body yellow; nged with bronze, white below; dorsal and anal n with narrow
black edges.
Sample Detail
Sampling sites: Mouths of Rivers Kathoung and Kalein Toung
Size range recorded: 45-60 cm
Fishing sites: All along the mouths of large rivers and creek.
Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Beach seine, Boom long line
Local market price: Fresh 900-1200 kyat/kg
Uses: Fresh, dried, smoked
Family: Nemipteridae
Sciencname: Nemipterus peronii
Common name: Threadn bream
Local name: Shwe-ngar (a&Tig;) (Plate 40)
Habitat: Demersal, benthic. Common in the coastal estuarine and marine water; prefer muddy
and sandy boom. Aains size up to 28 cm.
Morphology: Body elongated; slightly compressed; mouth terminal with teeth; eye large; single
dorsal n with 10 spines and 9 rays; anal n 3 spines and 7 rays; pectoral n 14-19rays; ventral n
with auxiliary scales; caudal n forked.
Color: Body rosy above; silvery white below; 8-9 faint brownish blotches along the back; dorsal n
rosy with orange margin; p of spine scarlet; anal and ventral n white; caudal n dark pink with
white lower edge.
Sample Detail
Sampling sites: Mouths of Rivers Kyaung Poke, Kathoung and Kalein Toung
Size range recorded: 10-15 cm
Fishing sites: Large rivers and creeks inside mangroves
Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Beach seine
Local market price: Fresh 600-900 kyat/kg
Uses:Fresh, value added dried
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Plate 41:Scolopsis vosmeri. White cheek bream (a&Tig;? ausmufig;ajyr)
Plate 42:Platycephalus indicus. Bartailed athead (ig;qifeif;? ig;acgif;jym;)
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Note: High export potenal
Family: Nemipteridae
Sciencname: Scolopsis vosmeri
Common name: White cheek bream
Local name: Shwe-ngar; Kyauk-nga-byae-ma (a&Tig;? ausmufig;ajyr) (Plate 41)
Habitat and biology: Benthic, found in inshore water with sand or mud boom close to the reef.
Aains size up to 16cm.
Morphology: Body elongate, moderately deep, compressed. A single dorsal n, with 10 spines
and 9 so rays; anal n with 3 spines and 7 so rays; pectoral n with 2 unbranched and 12 to 17
branched rays; pelvic n with 1 spine and 5 rays; caudal n emarginated.
Color: Brownish with a reddish-purple nge; a broad white vercal bar from top of head onto
opercle; a whish horizontal stripe from edge of opercle to below so part of dorsal n; scales on
sides with dark spots; opercular membrane blood-red; ns grayish, nged red.
Sample Detail
Sampling sites: Mouth of River Pyke Seik Toung Maw
Size range: 10-16 cm
Fishing sites: River mouth of Kathoung, Zareik, Kalein Toung, Pyeikseiktoung Maw.
Fishing gear: Beach seine, Stow net, Boom long line
Local market prices: Fresh 600-850 kyat / kg
Uses: Fresh, dried
Family: Platycephalidae
Sciencname: Platycephalus indicus
Comon name: Bartailed athead
Local name: Nga-sin-nin, Nga-goung-pyar (ig;qifeif; ? ig;acgif;jym;) (Plate 42)
Habitat and biology: Benthic; shallow coastal with muddy boom, mangrove estuarine,
Maximum size aains up to 100 cm.
Morphology: Body elongate depressed anteriorly; subcylidrical and tapered posteriorly; head
depressed with spiny ridges and serrated; mouth large; Two dorsal ns, 1st dorsal n with
6-11spines, 2nd with 11-14 rays; anal n without spine.
Color: Brownish or grayish above, whish below. Two or three horizontal stripes presents on
caudal n.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Mouth of Zareik River
Size range recorded: 10-15 cm
Fishing sites: Open mangrove waters and large rivers inside mangroves
Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Beach seine, Fence net
Local market price: Fresh 600-900 kyat/kg
Uses: Fresh, dried
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Plate 43: Plotosus canius. Gray eel caish (yifv,fig;cl)
Plate 44:Eleuthronema tetradactylum. Four nger thread n (ig;w&m;? ig;wa,m)
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Family: Plotosidae
Sciencname: Plotosus canius
Common name: Gray eel caish
Local name : Pin-lae-nga-khu (yifv,fig;cl) (Plate 43)
Habitat and biology: Demersal, common coastal estuaries and dal reaches of the large rivers.
Aains size up to 150 cm.
Morphology: Body elongate, torpedo-shaped, scale less; head moderately large, its prole straight
from p of snout to dorsal n; barbels 4 pairs, nasal barbell extends well behind eyes ; maxillary
barbels extending to bases of pectoral ns. Eyes small, 1st spines of dorsal and pectoral n serrated;
anal n conuent with caudal n and extending around p of tail behind dorsal n; caudal n
pointed.
Color: Dark olive-green over head and body; below soil creamy brown; barbel grey; ns grey; 1st
dorsal n and pectoral ns darker.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Creek Ngan Khan and River Zareik
Size range recorded: 30-90 cm
Fishing sites: Open mangrove waters with muddy boom and river mouths and
along the coastline
Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Beach seine, Fence net, Boom long line
Local market price: Fresh 900 1500 kyat/kg
Uses: Fresh
Family: Polynemidae
Sciencname: Eleuthronema tetradactylum
Common name: Four nger thread n
Local name: Nga-ta-yar (ig;w&m;? ig;wa,m) (Plate 44)
Habitat and biology: Demersal, inhabit shallow coastal water with mud banks, muddy or sandy.
Also found in marine water. Aains size up to 200 cm.
Morphology: Body elongate and slightly compressed; snout prominent and projecng; eyes large;
mouth large, sub-terminal with small teeth. Two dorsal ns, 1st with 7-8 spines; anal n with 2-
spines and 15-17 rays; pectoral n with 4 free lamentous rays; caudal n forked.
Color: Silvery- green above; yellowish white on sides and belly; dorsal and caudal ns yellowish
with dusky edges; anal and pelvic ns orange; pectoral lamentous rays white.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Creek Mouth of Nga Pa Thone and River Wunbaik
Size range recorded: 17-30 cm
Fishing sites: Rivers and creeks inside mangroves converging into the sea
Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Beach seine, Fence net, Boom long line
Local market prices: Fresh 600-900 kyat/kg
Uses:Fresh, salted, dried
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Plate45:Pomacanthus annularis. Angel sh (ig;vdyfjym)
Plate 46:Abudefduf saxalis. Damsel sh (ausmufig;? ig;Mum;r)
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Family: Pomacanthidae
Sciencname: Pomacanthus annularis
Common name: Angel sh
Local name: Nga-leik-pyar (ig;vdyfjym) (Plate 45)
Habitat and biology: Benthic, common in the coastal estuarine to marine water. Aains size up to
30 cm.
Morphology: Body deep oval and compressed; mouth small with slender teeth; pre operculum
with strong spine and angle; rayed secon of vercal ns higher than spiny secon; caudal n
slightly emarginated.
Color: Body dark orange-brown; disnct brown edged dark blue stripes across body, two horizontal
below eye, 6-7 on body curving upward to so dorsal n; blue ring at lateral line origin, ns with
blue stripes, caudal n white with yellow margin.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Creek Nga Yet Kyi and the Mouth of River Kalein Taung
Size range recorded: 18-30 cm
Fishing sites: Large rivers and creeks inside mangroves
Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Fence net, Boom long line
Local market price: Fresh 300-600 kyat/kg
Uses: Fresh
Note: Potenal aquarium sh
Family: Pomacentridae
Sciencname: Abudefduf saxalis
Common name: Coral sh, Damselsh
Local name: Kyauk-ngar; Nga-kyarr-ma (ausmufig;? ig;Mum;r) (Plate 46)
Habitat and biology: Benthic, common in the coastal and estuaries with water depth less than 20
m. Aains size up to 17 cm.
Morphology: Body ovate and compressed; mouth small, teeth ne, scales usually onto ns; lateral
line two parts, upper end below so dorsal n, lower end on caudal peduncle; connuous dorsal
n with 13 spines and 12-13 so rays, ps of caudal rounded.
Color: Five broad vercal bars across the body; yellowish anks.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Mouth of the River Kyaung Poke
Size range recorded: 7-15 cm
Fishing sites: Open waters of large creeks and rivers inside mangroves
Fishing gear: Stow net, Beach seine, Fence net
Local market price: Fresh 600- 900 kyat/kg
Ulizaon: Fresh
Note: Potenal ornamental sh
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Plate 47:Abudefdufsp. Sergeant major (ausmufig;? ig;Mum;r)
Plate 48:Illisha megaloptera. Big eye illisha (rsufqHus,f)
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Family: Pomacentridae
Sciencname: Abudefdufsp.
Common name: Sergeant major
Local name: Kyauk-ngar, Nga-kyarr-ma (ausmufig;? ig;Mum;r)(Plate 47)
Habitat and biology: Benthic, common in the coastal and estuaries with water depth less than 20
m. Aains size up to 15 cm.
Morphology: Body ovate and compressed; mouth small, teeth ne, scales usually onto ns; lateral
line two parts, upper end below so dorsal n, lower end on caudal peduncle; connuous dorsal
n with 13 spines and 14-15 so rays; anal n with 2 spines and 13-15 so rays; ps of caudal n
rounded.
Color: Six broad vercal broad bars across the body, last one at caudal peduncle; yellowish
anks.
Sample Detail
Sampling site: Mouth of the River Kyaung Poke
Size range recorded: 7-10 cm
Fishing sites: Open waters of large rivers, creek and rivulets converging into the sea
Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Beach seine, Fence net
Local market price: Fresh 600-900 kyat/kg
Uses: Fresh
Note: Potenal ornamental sh
Family: Prisgesteridae
Sciencname: Illisha megaloptera
Common name: Big eye illisha
Local name: Myat-san-kyae (rsufqHus,f) (Plate 48)
Habitat, and biology: Demersal, found in freshwater, in coastal and in marine waters, Aains size
up to 28 cm. Plankton feeder
Morphology: Body elongate and fairy deep; belly with 30-34 scutes; eyes large. Dorsal n inserted
nearly mid point of body; anal n origin below hind part of dorsal n base; pelvic n small; pectoral
n long; caudal n forked.
Color: Dorsal prole dark; upper ank light brown; pectoral n rays marginally pped with black
spot; n rays pigmented dark toward their ps; remaining rays hyaline; anal margin black, caudal
n dusted with dark pigment.
Sample Detail
Sampling site Kaleain Taung River Mouth
Size range recorded: 10-15 cm
Fishing sites: Open waters of mangrove fringed river mouths and creeks
Fishing gear: Surface stow net, Dri gill net
Local market price: Fresh 300-600 kyat/kg (Fresh)
Uses: Fresh, salted
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Plate 49:Pseodes erumei. Indian spiny turbot (ig;vufudkuf)
Plate50:Scatophagus argus. Spoed scat (ig;yokef? ig;cuf)
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Family: Pseodidae
Sciencname: Pseodes erumei
Common name: Indian spiny turbot
Local name : Nga-let-kaik (ig;vufudkuf) (Plate 49)
Habitat and biology: Marine coastal water to depths of 25 meters, burrow in mud, acve at night.
Aains size up to 25 cm.
Morphology: Body oval and strongly depressed; head symmetrical; mouth large with strong teeth;
upper eye near dorsal prole and in front of lower eye; dorsal and anal ns long, free from caudal
n, caudal n truncate.
Color: Eye side plain brown or dark green with broad cross band and scaered white spots; white
edge on caudal n.
Sample Detail
Sample site: Mouth of the River Zareik
Size range: 12-15 cm
Fishing sites: Creeks and rivers with muddy boom and fringed mangroves
Fishing gear: Beach seine, Stow net
Local market price: Fresh 600-750 /kg fresh
Uses: Fresh, dried
Family: Scatophagidae
Sciencname: Scatophagus argus
Common name: Spoed scat
Local name: Nga-pathown ; Nga-khet (ig;yokef? ig;cuf) (Plate 50)
Habitat and biology: School of juveniles commonly found in marine to coastal estuarine waters.
Prefer mud or sandy boom. Depth range 1-4 meters. Aains size up to 28 cm.
Morphology: Body disc shaped, quadrangular; strongly compressed. Snout and inter-orbital apace
rounded. Mouth small and not protracle; teeth brush-li