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May 14, 2009
Innovative developments for energy efficient shipping
Jan O. de KatInnovation Dept., Maersk Maritime Technology
Bunker Summit 2009
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Who we are
The A.P. Moller - Maersk Group is a diversified conglomerate, founded in 1904 by Mr A.P. Møller
116,000 employees and operations in more than 130 countries
Business segments:Container shipping, LogisticsTankers, offshore supply and other shipping activitiesContainer terminalsDrilling and FPSOsOil and gas productionRetail activitiesShipyards Other companies
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Regulatory developments
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Invest in NOx reducing initiativesRequired for CA port operation.
Use of low Sulphur fuels globally.
Use of low Sulphur fuels in ECA areas.
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
EC
AG
lob
al
Gen
era
l
1,0
% S
0,1
% S
0,5
% S
3,5
% S
NO
x T
ier II
NO
x T
ier III
CA 0,1% S 24nmoff the coast
EU 0,1% Sin port
CA 50% NOx & PM reduction in port
CA 80% NOx & PM reduction in port
2009
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Regulatory developments
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Ballast water treatment, newbuildings
Invest in NOx reducing initiativesRequired for CA port operation.
Use of low Sulphur fuels globally.
Use of low Sulphur fuels in ECA areas.
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
EC
AG
lob
al
Gen
era
l
1,0
% S
0,1
% S
0,5
% S
3,5
% S
NO
x T
ier II
NO
x T
ier III
CA 0,1% S 24nmoff the coast
EU 0,1% Sin port
CA 50% NOx & PM reduction in port
CA 80% NOx & PM reduction in port
2009
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Regulatory developments
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Ballast water treatment, newbuildings
Invest in NOx reducing initiativesRequired for CA port operation.
Use of low Sulphur fuels globally.
Use of low Sulphur fuels in ECA areas.
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Ballast water treatment, existing ships.
EC
AG
lob
al
Gen
era
l
1,0
% S
0,1
% S
0,5
% S
3,5
% S
NO
x T
ier II
NO
x T
ier III
CA 0,1% S 24nmoff the coast
EU 0,1% Sin port
CA 50% NOx & PM reduction in port
CA 80% NOx & PM reduction in port
2009
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Regulatory developments
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
CO2 reduction initiatives
Ballast water treatment, newbuildings
Invest in NOx reducing initiativesRequired for CA port operation.
Use of low Sulphur fuels globally.
Use of low Sulphur fuels in ECA areas.
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Ballast water treatment, existing ships.
EC
AG
lob
al
Gen
era
l
1,0
% S
0,1
% S
0,5
% S
3,5
% S
NO
x T
ier II
NO
x T
ier III
CA 0,1% S 24nmoff the coast
EU 0,1% Sin port
CA 50% NOx & PM reduction in port
CA 80% NOx & PM reduction in port
2009
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Environmental Impact of Operational Activities
Operations: Operating ~1500 shipsOver 10 Mtons of fuel per year
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Environmental Impact of Operational Activities
Operations: Operating ~1500 shipsOver 10 Mtons of fuel per year
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Innovation and Technology Application
Propulsion aux machinery
Aft hull, rudder, propeller
Bow, Bulb
Antifouling, Drag reduction
Emission cleaning
Container cooling
Cargo/portOperations
Operations decisionsupport
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Energy efficiency
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Energy efficiency
Main engine and machinery systems• Waste heat recovery, system optimization• Ventilation and pump optimization• Closed-loop control M.E.; Reefers
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Energy efficiency
Main engine and machinery systems• Waste heat recovery, system optimization• Ventilation and pump optimization• Closed-loop control M.E.; Reefers
Hull and propeller optimization Non-conventional propellers Drag reduction Anti-fouling
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Energy efficiency
Main engine and machinery systems• Waste heat recovery, system optimization• Ventilation and pump optimization• Closed-loop control M.E.; Reefers
Hull and propeller optimization Non-conventional propellers Drag reduction Anti-fouling
Service performance Decision support On board guidance
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Energy efficiency of machinery
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Recover approx. 10% of engine output
Reduction of all emissions by 10%
Total plant efficiency of 55%
Waste heat recovery
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Efficiency of pump and ventilation systems Re-design of systems aimed at minimizing energy consumption
Ventilation, cooling pumps
Potential: max. 1% CO2 reduction for a container ship
APMM and Odense Steel Shipyard
Machinery optimization
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Typical yard specification text for engine room ventilation:
Energy efficient ventilation
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Typical yard specification text for engine room ventilation:
“The machinery space to be ventilated by mechanical ventilating system.
The ventilating fan to supply fresh air to the operating station and other necessary places in the engine room through air ducts.
The air ducts to be of fabricated steel plate of 2.3 mm from the passage as far as practicable.
The mean air velocity to be about 8 m/sec at the outlet of each branch duct.”
Energy efficient ventilation
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Typical yard specification text for engine room ventilation:
“The machinery space to be ventilated by mechanical ventilating system.
The ventilating fan to supply fresh air to the operating station and other necessary places in the engine room through air ducts.
The air ducts to be of fabricated steel plate of 2.3 mm from the passage as far as practicable.
The mean air velocity to be about 8 m/sec at the outlet of each branch duct.”
Such a specification is used by the yards to source and install the lowest cost components, without taking the power demand into consideration.
Energy efficient ventilation
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Engine room ventilation improvements
Physical measurements were made onboard Laura Mærsk and Maersk Kuantan.
Laura Mærsk has savings potential of 73kW:Air intake filtersInducers on the fan inlets.Remove rat nets on outlets.Change the impellers to the new design point.
Maersk Kuantan has savings potential of 80kW:Higher efficiency electric motors, impellers and guide vanes.Replacing the inlet protection grills.Improve the outlets for fans 3 & 4Control the fan capacity by frequency converters in relation to over pressure & temperature in the engine room.
Further measurements are planned to be done onboard VLCC Maersk Nautilus
Supplier of fans: not involved in designing the ventilation system/layout!
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
CFD model of CLT propeller
Conventional and CLT propeller side by side
CLT Propeller Project
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
CFD model of CLT propeller
Conventional and CLT propeller side by side
CLT Propeller Project
CLT propulsion principleEndplates fitted with minimum resistanceModified pressure distribution on suction & downstream sidesRadial load distribution moved closer to propeller tipsFitted on more than 250 ships
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
CFD model of CLT propeller
Conventional and CLT propeller side by side
CLT Propeller Project
CLT propulsion principleEndplates fitted with minimum resistanceModified pressure distribution on suction & downstream sidesRadial load distribution moved closer to propeller tipsFitted on more than 250 ships
Advantages (Sistemar claim):Higher efficiency (5-8% expected)Lower vibration & noise levels
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
CFD model of CLT propeller
Conventional and CLT propeller side by side
CLT Propeller Project
CLT propulsion principleEndplates fitted with minimum resistanceModified pressure distribution on suction & downstream sidesRadial load distribution moved closer to propeller tipsFitted on more than 250 ships
Advantages (Sistemar claim):Higher efficiency (5-8% expected)Lower vibration & noise levelsImproved maneuverability
Main objective:
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
CFD model of CLT propeller
Conventional and CLT propeller side by side
CLT Propeller Project
CLT propulsion principleEndplates fitted with minimum resistanceModified pressure distribution on suction & downstream sidesRadial load distribution moved closer to propeller tipsFitted on more than 250 ships
Advantages (Sistemar claim):Higher efficiency (5-8% expected)Lower vibration & noise levelsImproved maneuverability
Main objective:To confirm claimed advantages in full scale on Roy
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Advantages
Higher efficiencyReduced fuel consumption, or Increased ship speed
Higher thrustImproved maneuvering
No tip vortexReduced noise and pressure pulses
Less cavitationReduced erosion, noise and vibration
Blade tip cavitationHas been a problem for earlier tip fin propellers and raked propellers SISTEMAR claims to have solved problem with new approach which determines optimal angle between tip fin and blade
Scale effects
Problems
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Example of designs under development. Design for operation.From standard ’off-the-shelf’ product to environmental excellence
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Exhaust gas recirculation
50% NOx reduction
SCR and Scrubbers
>90% NOx reduction
>90% SOx reduction
Air humidification methods
60% NOx reduction
NOx/SOx reduction
Optimization of ancillary systems (pumps, fans, …)
1% CO2
Improved engines and control
1-3% CO2
More efficient propulsors
Drag reduction
5-15% CO2
Waste heat recovery
10% CO2 reduction
up to 16% combined with air humidification method
CO2 reduction
Green Ship technology
Alternative fuels: LNG
80% NOx reduction
100% SOx reduction
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Combining State-of-the-art TechnologyChallenge the conventions of standard ship designs
Propulsion Machinery
Hull design
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Combining State-of-the-art TechnologyChallenge the conventions of standard ship designs
Propulsion Machinery
Hull design
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
0
7.5
15.0
22.5
30.0
2,000 41,500 81,000 120,500 160,000
Energy Efficiency Design Index - Container vessels
Eff
. in
dex (
g C
O2
/to
n*
nm
)
DWT (tonnes)
… to get environmental performance and an energy-efficient ship prepared for the future
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
0
7.5
15.0
22.5
30.0
2,000 41,500 81,000 120,500 160,000
Energy Efficiency Design Index - Container vessels
Eff
. in
dex (
g C
O2
/to
n*
nm
)
DWT (tonnes)
… to get environmental performance and an energy-efficient ship prepared for the future
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
High degree of operational flexibility: slow steaming when needed
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Operational excellence
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Innovation
Innovation is the embodiment, combination, or synthesis of knowledge in original, relevant, valued new products, processes, or services contributing to a sustainable and profitable business.
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Thank you for your attention
May 14, 2009Bunker Summit 2009 PAGE
Thank you for your attention
Navigare necesse est
Innovare necesse est