DELTA: Geochem mode.Analysis results of mining activitiesSonia GÜiza Gonzálezsonia.guiza@olympusndt.comGeochemistry – International Mining Group (IMG)Olympus Innov-X

Content

1. Mineral processing samples for Exploitation mining.

2. Soil samples for Exploration mining.

3. Standard Rocks for Petrographic identification.

Conclusions

1. Mineral processing samples

CASE DESCRIPTION: Samples sulfurs concentrates of Cormin Laboratory in Peru. Results for: As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag.

RESULTS: Laboratory –without information analytical methodology (perhaps AA) and Niton results.

ABREVIATORS:Lab = laboratory resultsD = Delta; geoch = mode geochem; min = mode minerN = Niton

Summary fit parameter (R2)

ElementDelta

NitonD_Geoch D_Min

Zinc-Zn 0.985 0.986 0.975

Lead-Pb 0.951 0.943 0.899

Copper-Cu 0.987 0.982 0.963

Arsenic-As 0.239 0.44 0.21

Comparison resultsZinc

Lead

Cont.

Arsenic

Cupper

Silver AnalysisType

No. values

Rangefit parameter

(R2)

Laboratory 21 70 to 8790 ppm

Delta_geoch 14 78 to 11604 0.9967

Delta_min 3 1210 to 5969

Niton 20 14 to 4883 then 18329 0.7337

2. Auger soil samplingThe presence of a veneer of post-mineralization over-burden and a well developed organic soil horizon posed a problem for surface soil sampling. Hence, auger drill-ing (up to 4 to 5 meters depth) was proposed as an effective method to collect a representative sample from the B-soil horizon sampling target.

Description resultsCount samples: 45

PULP SAMPLE: Sample with preparation requirements (drying, crushing, splitting, pulverizing to 75 micron – 200 mesh).

Chemistry Analysis: ALS-Chemix; ICP-AES; aqua regia digestion.

ABREVIATORS: Lab = laboratory results, D = Delta; gch = mode; s = soil, N = Niton; HH_PA = Handheld Portable Analyzer; N = number values or results >LOD.

Comparison type elements

Type D_gch D_soil N

NO Lab result, exclusive HH_PA

Cl, Si Cl Cs, Pd

HH_PA and Lab too.

Al, Mg, P, Ta, Nb, Y

Ba, Sc, Te

Result =<LOD

Au, Ag, Cd, Sb, Se, Sn, U, W

Co, Mg CoHg, Pb, S,

Te, Th

Exclusive elements results by laboratory analysis that was ICP-AES were Ba, Be, Ce, Ga, Ge, Hf, In, La, Li, Na, Re, Sc, Tl

HH_PA = Handheld Portable Analyzer; D=Delta and N=Niton.

Summary fit parameter (R2) Element D_Gch D_soil N Element D_Gch D_soil N

As 0.944 0.958 0.369 Ni 0.934 0.948 0.790Ba ND ND 0.019 Pb 0.899 0.356 <LODCa 0.950 0.928 0.962 Rb 0.995 0.997 0.971Co <LOD ND 0.881 S 0.689 0.361 NDCr 0.972 0.990 0.031 Sr 0.996 0.978 0.976Cu 0.972 0.990 0.970 Th 0.081 0.120 <LODFe 0.998 0.990 0.970 Ti 0.996 0.994 0.997Hg 0.059 0.028 <LOD V 0.585 0.927 0.983K 0.899 0.950 0.993 Y 0.917 0.926 <LOD

Mn 0.959 0.976 0.941 Zn 0.986 0.996 0.010Mo 0.588 0.980 0.819 Zr 0.539 0.613 0.650Nb 0.831 ND ND ND = No determinated

Statistical AnalysisSample N min max aver median ds Sample N min max aver median ds Sample N min max aver median dsAl_Dgch 45 6 11 8 8 1 K_Dgch 24 0.96 2.42 1.81 1.79 0.36 Sr_Dgch 45 2 455 97 62 101Al_pct 45 8 13 11 11 1 K_Ds 27 0.11 2.74 1.82 1.88 0.59 Sr_Ds 45 2 462 95 55 101

As_Dgch 43 4 79 13 10 13 K_N 43 0.06 2.46 1.17 1.49 0.91 Sr_N 44 3 442 96 60 100As_Ds 25 2 70 11 6 14 K_pct 45 0.03 2.36 1.08 1.4 1 Sr_ppm 45 2 442 98 64 98As_N 44 5 75 32 32 19 Mn_Dgch 43 39 3126 875 801 640 Ta_Dgch 45 11 28 20 21 4

As_ppm 45 1 86.1 11.86 9.6 14 Mn_Ds 44 19 4639 1069 902 934 Ta_ppm 45 0.06 1.67 0.53 0.34 0.46Ba_N 27 63 551 219 211 121 Mn_N 44 54 4928 1163 849 1065 Th_Dgch 26 10 25 15 14 3

Ba_ppm 45 60 1140 550 520 255 Mn_ppm 45 12 3180 833 790 677 Th_Ds 4 41 45 43 44 2Ca_Dgch 13 0.07 0.97 0.40 0.38 0.26 Mo_Dgch 41 3 17 6 6 2 Th_ppm 45 0.3 7.1 1.53 1 1

Ca_Ds 44 0.03 1.51 0.35 0.16 0.36 Mo_Ds 5 4 16 7 5 5 Ti_Dgch 43 0.11 1.72 0.57 0.22 0.54Ca_N 44 0.14 1.21 0.37 0.27 0.25 Mo_N 15 3 17 5 4 3 Ti_Ds 45 0.11 3.82 1.04 0.21 1.18

Ca_pct 45 0.01 1.04 0.23 0.12 0.26 Mo_ppm 45 0.08 16.1 1.23 0.59 2 Ti_N 44 0.09 2.69 0.78 0.21 0.85Co_N 9 67 449 189 116 122.09 Nb_Dgch 45 73 453 188 134 123 Ti_pct 45 0.10 2.04 0.64 0.19 0.65

Co_ppm 45 1.1 83 24 13 23 Nb_ppm 45 2 26 8 5 7 V_Dgch 44 116 542 297 271 118Cr_Dgch 24 41 1116 303 240 247 Ni_Dgch 28 14 360 120 116 91 V_Ds 45 23 457 165 99 119

Cr_Ds 45 32 2168 391 105 467 Ni_Ds 25 22 363 134 133 92 V_N 44 38 499 179 96 144Cr_N 35 9 578 152 127 153 Ni_N 19 36 375 181 187 72 V_ppm 45 34 501 194 104 154

Cr_ppm 45 3 1530 238 59 322 Ni_ppm 45 1.4 384 87.14 35.8 100 Y_Dgch 44 4 68 20 15 15Cu_Dgch 26 34 305 166 173 77 P_Dgch 45 3591 5068 4170 4157 294 Y_Ds 45 3 62 17 15 13

Cu_Ds 41 8 277 108 122 84 P_ppm 45 30 1300 304 240 263 Y_ppm 45 2 65 14 11 13Cu_N 31 13 268 134 139 78 Pb_Dgch 29 4 37 10 7 6 Zn_Dgch 45 11 608 142 115 115

Cu_ppm 45 1 302 112 85 100 Pb_Ds 45 6 44 17 15 9 Zn_Ds 45 8 488 109 89 95Fe_Dgch 43 2 14 7 5 4 Pb_ppm 45 1 29 7 5 5 Zn_N 33 13 539 114 89 109

Fe_Ds 45 1 19 8 4 6 Rb_Dgch 42 3 94 39 43 30 Zn_ppm 45 7 536 125 94 108Fe_N 44 0.00 17 7 4 6 Rb_Ds 45 5 85 36 39 26 Zr_Dgch 45 53 259 119 103 51

Fe_pct 45 2 13 6 4 4 Rb_N 26 7 69 48 49 15 Zr_Ds 45 67 329 156 132 69Hg_Dgch 9 5 12 6 6 2 Rb_ppm 45 0.3 77 31.55 36.5 26 Zr_N 44 63 261 135 112 57

Hg_Ds 4 5 8 6 5 1 S_Dgch 6 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.01 Zr_ppm 45 2 178 51 12 58Hg_ppm 45 0.01 1.12 0.06 0.02 0.17 S_Ds 38 0.05 0.36 0.16 0.14 0.09

S_pct 45 0.005 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 Bold is lab result; D=Delta; gch=geochem; s=soil.

Bold is laboratory result with unit of concentration.

Excellent correlation HH_AP&Lab

Manganese

Iron

The best is DeltaLead (N was <LOD)

Zinc (N got 33 results, D got 45)

Geochem is not the best

Cupper, D_gch got 26 results only

Calcium, D_gch got 13 results only

N is the bestPotassium

Vanadium

Logarithmic Scale

Arsenic

Niobium

Other examplesNickel depend to LOD, better Delta

Ytrium result the best of Delta (Niton haven’t this element)

4. Standard rocks of USSG

Standard TypeAGV-2 AndesiteCLB-1 CoalCOQ-1 CarbonatiteDNC-1 DiabaseDTS-2b DuniteDGPM-1 Disseminate goldNOD-A-1 Manganese noduleSGR-1b Shale

W2a Diabase

Comparison major elements as oxidesType Andesite Coal Carbonatite Diabase Dunite

Disseminate gold

Manganese nodule

Shale Diabase

Standard AGV-2 CLB-1 COQ-1 DNC-1 DTS-2b DGPM-1 NOD-A-1 SGR-1b W2aAl2O3 16.91 1.51 0.37 18.34 0.45 9.56 3.87 6.52 15.45

Al2O3_D 17.35 1.83 0.35 24.68 0.76 15.20 3.44 8.46 21.46CaO 5.20 0.22 48.30 11.49 0.12 0.22 15.40 8.38 10.86

CaO_D 5.33 0.39 44.29 12.95 <LOD <LOD 12.88 10.22 12.26K2O 2.88 0.08 0.16 0.23 2.74 0.60 1.66 0.63

K2O_D 2.64 0.13 0.033 <LOD <LOD 2.87 0.32 1.64 <LODMgO 1.79 0.05 1.25 10.13 49.40 0.56 4.76 4.44 6.37

MgO_D <LOD <LOD <LOD 4.90 43.17 <LOD 1.92 2.38 1.35P2O5 0.48 0.07 2.60 0.07 1.40 0.33 0.14

P2O5_D 1.06 0.31 1.39 <LOD <LOD 0.07 1.38 0.40 0.15SiO2 59.30 2.51 3.47 47.15 39.40 79.82 3.81 28.20 52.68

SiO2_D 54.24 2.73 3.06 47.17 38.69 75.47 3.65 28.29 53.00TiO2 1.05 0.08 0.15 0.48 0.53 0.25 1.06

TiO2_D 1.07 0.06 0.19 0.50 <LOD 0.69 0.53 0.23 1.14MnO 0.43 0.15 23.90 0.17

MnO_D 0.11 <LOD 0.28 0.15 0.13 0.008 22.02 0.04 0.17Fe2O3T 2.94 9.97 7.76 1.92 15.60 3.03 10.83

Fe2O3_D 7.93 1.86 1.94 12.19 9.15 2.53 17.43 3.51 12.89

Correlation coefficient diagram

Comparison for element

D=Delta geochem mode

Comparison every samplesStandard Delta_geochem

Standard Delta_geochem

Trace elements Lab = Standard result; D=DeltaDs=mode soil and Dgch=geochem

Conclusions1. Geochem mode for exploitation mining is recommendable if there are elements of low concentration and custom need some light elements.

2. Soil mode for exploration mining is more recommendable that geochem mode because, samples as soil or sediment has a low concentration of elements.

3. Geochem mode is recommendable for lithological studies, which are important comparison of rocks and geochemistry orientation survey.

Other conclusionsGeochem mode should replace Mining Plus Mode, but NOT mining. This mode has one beam so the time of analysis is quickly as possible. Mining mode is an excellent option for fast diagnostic, for example As and Pb on gold samples.

Geochem LOD has some differences than Soil mode. It is necessary to know what elements and what is the difference of LOD. Geochem mode have NOT replaced the soil mode yet.

Geochem Mode is necessary to review some elements add if it is more useful in mining activities as tellurium by gold exploration or remove some elements. Other case is Neobium has a good result on logarithmic scale.